Forest structure and Species Composition in theSecondary Forest of Private Area at

Chiang Dao District, Chiang Mai Province

Wongsatorn PhumphuangDepartment of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University

Outline• Introduction• Objective• Study site• Materials and Methodology• Result and Discussion• Conclusion• Acknowledgement

• Introduction• Objective• Study site• Materials and Methodology• Result and Discussion• Conclusion• Acknowledgement

Introduction

NaturalForest

Deforestation

Natural Forest

http://www.bylandwaterandair.com/south_east_asia/dalat_to_buon_ma_thuot/natural_forest_in_vietnam

Degraded Forest

https://www.thegef.org/gef/node/10302

http://news.sanook.com/tag/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81/page/2/

Natural successionRestoration

Natural Forest Degraded Forest

Secondary Forest

https://www.wageningenur.nl/en/show/Consequences-of-traditional-agricultural-intensification-for-secondary-forest-resilience-and-ecosystem-services-in-the-Central-Amazonia.htm

Introduction

Chiang Dao Forest

Secondary Forest at private areaSecondary Forest at private area

Plant biodiversity ?Environment factor ?Tree association ?Regeneration ?

Objective

To study forest structure and species compositionin the secondary forest of private area

Study site

Mae NaChiang Mai Province

Private area at Chiang Dao district , Chiang Mai Province

Chiang Dao District

Average Rainfall 1,300 mm./yearTemperature 6.7 – 29.1°CElevation 300 – 2,225 msl

Material and Methodology Materials

50 m. measuring tape Diameter tape Pole

Digital camera Tagged aluminum number Stationery

Methodology1. Permanent plot, 40 x 40 m, n = 3

Material and Methodology

40 m 10 m

40 m 10 m

4 m

4 m

1 m

1 m

tree

seedling

sapling

2. Measured tree and identified speciesTree (DBH ≥ 4.5 cm)Measured DBH of tree ; taggeg aluminum number everyspecies and identified species

Material and Methodology2. Measured tree and identified speciesTree (DBH ≥ 4.5 cm)Measured DBH of tree ; taggeg aluminum number everyspecies and identified species

Sapling (DBH < 4.5 , H > 1.3 m) and Seedling (H < 1.3 m)Identified species and counted the numberof species

Material and MethodologySapling (DBH < 4.5 , H > 1.3 m) and Seedling (H < 1.3 m)

Identified species and counted the numberof species

1. Important value index (IVI)Dominant (Do), Frequency (F), Density (D)and Relative Do, Relative F and Relative DIVI = Rdo + RF + RD = 300 %(Whittaker, 1970)

Data Analysis1. Important value index (IVI)

Dominant (Do), Frequency (F), Density (D)and Relative Do, Relative F and Relative DIVI = Rdo + RF + RD = 300 %(Whittaker, 1970)

2. Species diversity (Shannon – Wiener, 1949)

Data Analysis

H’ = Index of species diversityS = The number of species of all species of plant communities.pi = The ratio of the number of species (i)

to the total number of all species.

Species composition (34 families 81 genera 101 species)

Result & Discussion

Species Families genera Species Density(stems/rai)

H’

Seedling 17 36 40 9,300 2.97Seedling 17 36 40 9,300 2.97

Sapling 23 40 48 402 3.41

Tree 33 72 91 240 3.79

Dominant species based on important value index (IVI)

Result & Discussion

Tree Sapling SeedlingCroton persimilis

IVI = 23.57 %

Croton persimilisIVI =23.02 %

Croton persimilisIVI =32.11 %

L. cochinchinensisIVI = 20.81 %

Anogeissus acuminataIVI =15.12 %

A. microspermaIVI =19.98 %

http://www.pharmacy.mahidol.ac.th/siri/index.php?page=search_detail&medicinal_id=90

http://www.pharmacy.mahidol.ac.th/siri/index.php?page=search_detail&medicinal_id=90

http://www.pharmacy.mahidol.ac.th/siri/index.php?page=search_detail&medicinal_id=90

http://www.fca16mr.com/webblog/blog.php?id=533L. cochinchinensis

IVI = 20.81 %

Anogeissus acuminataIVI =15.12 %

A. microspermaIVI =19.98 %

Tectona grandisIVI =20.21

Antidesma sootepenseIVI =14.15 %

Ficus hispidaIVI =18.90 %

Oroxylum indicumIVI = 15.13 %

P. macrocarpusIVI =10.70 %

Mitragyna rotundifoliaIVI =14.62 %

Alstonia scholarisIVI = 14.84 %

Holarrhena pubescensIVI =10.70 %

Phyllanthus pulcherIVI =12.48 %

http://www.fca16mr.com/webblog/blog.php?id=719

http://www.bansuanporpeang.com/node/26235

http://www.bloggang.com/viewblog.php?id=pavita&date=19-04-2008&group=25&gblog=1

http://www.biogang.net/plant_view.php?uid=51936&id=186577

http://www.fca16mr.com/webblog/blog.php?id=533

http://www.fca16mr.com/webblog/blog.php

?id=1228

http://www.qsbg.org/database/botanic_book%20full%20option/search_detail.asp?botanic_id=818

http://www.panvasa.com/knowyourherbs/holarrhena-pubescens

http://frynn.com/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9

%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99/

http://www.bansuanporpeang.com/node/29025

http://www.biogang.net/plant_view.php?uid=119&id=3504

http://frynn.com/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8 %B2%E0 %B8%99% E0%B8%9 8%E0%B 8%A3%E0 %B8%93 %E0%B8% B5%E0% B8%AA%E 0%B8

%B2%E0%B8%A3/

Result & Discussion

Number of plant species in each dominant family Species composition (continue)

http://www.fca16mr.com/webblog/blog.php?id=492

http://frynn.com/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99/ http://frynn.com/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99/ http://www.qsbg.org/database/botanic_book%20full%20option/search_detail.asp?botanic_id=818http://frynn.com/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8 %B2%E0 %B8%99% E0%B8%9 8%E0%B 8%A3%E0 %B8%93 %E0%B8% B5%E0% B8%AA%E 0%B8%B2 %E0%B8 %A3/ http://www.fca16mr.com/webblog/blog.php?id=1228 http://ss-botany.org/news-detail_811_4803http://www.pakflora.com/pkflora/pakflora/findspp.php?spp=Fernandoa%20adenophylla

http://www.bloggang.com/viewblog.php?id=pavita&date=19-04-2008&group=25&gblog=1 http://www.thaigoodview.com/node/153122http://www.fca16mr.com/webblog/blog.php?id=719 http://www.biotik.org/laos/species/l/lagma/lagma_01_en.htmlhttp://www.biogang.net/plant_view.php?uid=19183&id=164296 http://www.fca16mr.com/webblog/blog.php?id=761http://www.fca16mr.com/webblog/blog.php?id=1172http://www.pharmacy.mahidol.ac.th/siri/index.php?page=search_detail&medicinal_id=90 http://www.sarinalandcare.org.au/plants-database/mallotus-philippensishttp://america.pink/macaranga-indica_2806157.html

(Albizia odoratissima) (Adenanthera microsperma) (Pterocarpus macrocarpus)(Phyllanthus pulcher) (Antidesma sootepense) (Aporosa villosa)(Fernandoa adenophylla) (Oroxylum indicum) (Stereospermum neuranthum)(Lagerstroemia cochinchinensis) (Lagerstroemia macrocarpa)(Bombax anceps) (Grewia eriocarpa) (Sterculia pexa)(Croton persimilis) (Mallotus philippensis) (Falconeria insignis)(Macaranga indica)

Natural regenerationBased on DBH class distribution showed negative exponential growth

form or L - shape.

Result & Discussion

0

10

20

30

40

No. o

fspp Croton persimilis

Result & Discussion

3040

No.of

spp.

Lagerstroemia cochinchinensis

Natural regeneration of TREE

0

DBH of tree (cm)

0123456

No. o

f spp

.

DBH of tree

Ficus hispida

0102030

4.5-9.

5

9.6-14

.5

14.6-

19.5

19.6-

24.5

24.6-

29.5

29.6-

34.5

34.6-

39.5

39.6-

44.5

44.6-

49.5

49.6-

54.5

>54.6

No.of

spp.

DBH of tree

Lagerstroemia cochinchinensis

0

5

10

15

4.5-9.

59.6

-14.5

14.6-

19.5

19.6-

24.5

24.6-

29.5

29.6-

34.5

34.6-

39.5

39.6-

44.5

44.6-

49.5

49.6-

54.5

>54.6

No. o

f spp

.

DBH of tree

Lagerstroemia tomentosa

Result & Discussion

Density distribution comparing of pioneer species and native species Natural regeneration of TREE , SAPLING and SEEDLING

120014001600

Pioneer species

8090

100Native species

seedling

0200400600800

10001200

Croton persimilis Ficus hispida

stems

/rai

species

01020304050607080

Tectona grandis Lagerstroemiacochinchinensis

Lagerstroemiatomentosa

Stems

/rai

Species

seedlingsaplingtree

1. Forest structure and species compositionSpecies composition ; 34 families 81 genera 101 speciesTree ; Croton persimilis , Lagerstroemia cochinchinensis ,

Tectona grandisSapling ; Croton persimilis , Anogeissus acuminata ,

Antidesma sootepenseSeedling ; Croton persimilis , Adenanthera microsperma ,

Ficus hispida

Conclusion1. Forest structure and species composition

Species composition ; 34 families 81 genera 101 speciesTree ; Croton persimilis , Lagerstroemia cochinchinensis ,

Tectona grandisSapling ; Croton persimilis , Anogeissus acuminata ,

Antidesma sootepenseSeedling ; Croton persimilis , Adenanthera microsperma ,

Ficus hispida

2. Natural regeneration

Conclusion

RecommendationNative species should be plant in this area to accelerate

succession process.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Assoc. Prof. Dokrak MarodMr. Adrian Pieper

Mr. InnLaboratory of forest ecology

Forester 75,76,77My friend Forester 78 ^_^

Assoc. Prof. Dokrak MarodMr. Adrian Pieper

Mr. InnLaboratory of forest ecology

Forester 75,76,77My friend Forester 78 ^_^