forest restoration approach in … kawang burung dipterocarp 45 kedondong non dipterocarp (wild...

FOREST RESTORATION APPROACH IN NORTHERN ULU SEGAMA FOREST RESERVE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE SABAH FORESTRY DEPARTMENT-SIME DARBY

ORANG UTAN HABITATS PROTECTION AND REHABILITATION PROJECT

BYAlbert M. Radin, Indra P. Sunjoto, Jameri Tahir & Peter M. Lagan

Workshop onNatural Forest Management

Best Practice in Forest Restoration

10 Nov. 2010The Pacific Sutera Harbour Resort

Kota Kinabalu - Sabah

Outline

Sabah Forestry Department – Nov. 2010Sabah Forestry Department – Nov. 2010

IntroductionStrategic PlanningImplementationNursery ManagementInfrastructureWildlife MonitoringIssues and DiscussionsConclusion

INTRODUCTION

USM SFMP – 15th March 2006Area – 241,098 haManaged by SFD & YSObjective: protection, conservation &

rehabilitation of vital ecosystem of endangered wildlife – notably orang utan



INTRODUCTIONNUS – ± 12,000 haThe most degraded forest of Ulu Segama FRCaused: forest fire and past conventional harvestingWWF(Malaysia) wildlife census 2007 & 2008 - ± 400 orang utans trapped2006 – YS funded restoration activity at western NUS (980 ha restored)2007 – WWF (Malaysia) raised restoration funds for central NUS (450 ha restored)

INTRODUCTION


2008 – MoU and Agreement between SFD & SDPSBRestoration grant - RM 25 million for 10 yearsSFD-SDPSB Restoration & Protection of orang utan

Habitats in NUSForest restoration, wildlife monitoring & EE


STRATEGIC PLANNING

Steering Committee : SFD, SDPSB,YSD, YS, SWD, WWF

Recruitment of (34) field staff – Aug. 2009 Area stratification based on Aerial

Photograph (2006) Result: 46% secondary forest, 49% open

area (wild ginger, shrubs, creepers) & 5% oil palm

Target to complete planting : 6-8 years Annual restoration area : 500 ha – 1000

ha Focus restoration: planting higher

proportion of orang utan’s food source Planting method : line planting Open area: single planting; spacing 7.5m

x 5m; species: pioneer and wild fruit trees Secondary forest: cluster planting (4

seedlings) in Y shape; spacing 12.5m x 12.5m; species: dipterocarps & non dipterocarps

5° 05' 54.93"

5° 06' 27.49"

5° 07' 00.05"

5° 07' 32.60"

5° 08' 05.16"

5° 08' 37.72"

5° 09' 10.28"

5° 09' 42.84"

5° 10' 47.95"

5° 11' 20.51"

5° 10' 15.39"

118° 01' 44.86"

118° 00' 07.48"

118° 00' 39.94"

118° 02' 17.33"

118° 02' 49.79"

118° 03' 22.25"

118° 03' 54.72"

118° 04' 27.18"

118° 04' 59.64"

118° 05' 32.10"

118° 06' 04.57"

118° 06' 37.03"

118° 07' 09.49"

118° 07' 41.95"

118° 08' 14.41"

118° 01' 12.40"

117

116

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112

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119114 699

645

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457

447317

922000

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5660

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566000

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568000

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576000

STRATIFICATION MAPNORTHERN ULU SEGAMA-MALUA FR.SIME DARBY FOREST RESTORATION PROJECTScale: 1:60,000

Interpretation Based On Aerial PhotoSecondary Forest - 2,491 Ha.Shrub/Herbaceous Vegetation - 2,647 Ha.Oil Palm - 267 Ha.

Compartment Boundary

0.7 0 0.7 1.4 KilometersN

L E G E N D:

JABATAN PERHUTANAN SABAHPUSAT PENYELIDIKAN PERHUTANANREMOTE SENSING & GIS LABMap Source:d:\frc\AVProject\.aprMap No.: PPP\RSGIS\0816Tarikh:03/06/2008

IMPLEMENTATION


(A) Site Preparation

Involve site reconnaissance and survey

Required knowledge and skills of survey

Natural features adopt as blocking boundary

Compassing: 8m interval for planting line and 8m interval for planting point

Line opening: 2m width, slashing weeds and creepers

Progress (Sept. 2009 – Oct. 2010) : 445 ha

Productivity: 6.25 mandays/ha Cost: RM 506.00/ha


IMPLEMENTATION

(B) Silviculture treatment

Removal of overhead shade and impeding vegetation (woody vines and climbing bamboo).

Focus at secondary forests. To enhance growth and quality of

planted seedling and potential natural regeneration.

Manual cuts of climbers : less 5cm stump height and hanging 1m above the ground.

Progress (Sept. 2009 – Oct. 2010) : 395 ha.

Productivity: 2.05 mandays/ha Cost: RM 174.00/ha.

IMPLEMENTATION


(c) Comprehensive Restoration Plan

Information of site-species matching Consideration: shade, topographic relief,

drainage and general soil type Required knowledge and skills of tree ID and

forest ecology Assessment for each planting point Site-species suitability guidance by FRC team Recommendation : point to be planted

(method of planting : single or cluster), to be skipped & natural regeneration selection

Wild fruit trees : < 20% Consideration: available seedlings stock Progress (Sept. 2009 – Oct. 2010) : 375 ha Productivity: 1.03 mandays/ha Cost: RM 85.00/ha


IMPLEMENTATION(D) Planting

Modification of spacings and methods. Not uniform forest structure and fragmented

pocket forests. Spacing : 8m x 8m. Under canopy: cluster planting of 3 seedlings

(dipterocarps & non dipterocarps). Open area: single planting (pioneers & wild

fruit trees). Intensity: 156 points/ha. Average seedlings: 253 seedlings/ha. Application of fertilizer CIRP and NPK green

(± 10 grams/seedlings). Slow progress due to productivity, seedlings

availability and drought factor. Composition: 71% dipterocarps : 29%

pioneers and fruits. 38% under canopy planting, 46% open area

planting, 10% natural selection & 6% skipped

33 species planted Progress (Sept. 2009 – Oct. 2010) : 191 ha. Productivity: 5.6 mandays/ha Cost: RM 1,038.00/ha.

No Vernacular name Group No Vernacular name Group1 Seraya melantai Dipterocarp 18 Nyatoh sidang Non dipterocarp

2 Seraya tembaga Dipterocarp 19 Gaharu Non dipterocarp

3 Seraya majau Dipterocarp 20 Medang pengulobon Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

4 Seraya punai Dipterocarp 21 Telisai @ ketapang Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

5 Kapur paji Dipterocarp 22 Kayu malam Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

6 Kawang pinang Dipterocarp 23 Meritam Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

7 Kawang jantung Dipterocarp 24 Kedondong Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

8 Pangiran kesat Dipterocarp 25 Kembayau (kedondong) Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

9 Pangiran gajah Dipterocarp 26 Ranggu Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

10 Selangan batu laut Dipterocarp 27 Sentang / limpaga Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

11 Obah suluk Dipterocarp 28 Belimbing hutan Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

12 Belian Non dipterocarp 29 Mata kucing Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

13 Pulai Non dipterocarp 30 Mempening Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

14 Putat paya Non dipterocarp 31 Laran Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

15 Pelajau Non dipterocarp 32 Binuang Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

16 Sengkuang Non dipterocarp 33 Kulimpapa Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)

17 Mengaris Non dipterocarp

LIST OF PLANTED SPECIES

IMPLEMENTATION


(E) Maintenance

Reconditioning by elimination of competitor vegetation, as to boost the growth of planted seedlings.

Census of survival seedlings. Activities: planting line clearing, circle

weeding fertilizing & resupply dead seedling.

Application of herbicide – Sentry (strictly in accordance with FSC standard).

Maintenance intensity : 13 rounds (4 rounds for each 1st & 2nd year, 3 rounds in 3rd year & 2 rounds in 4th year).

Productivity: 3.2 mandays/ha Cost: RM 300.00/ha/round Considering of 13 rounds: RM

3,900.00/ha (for four years)

IMPLEMENTATION


Survival rate

Survival rate one year after planting : 67% 52% mortality occured at open planting and 48%

under canopy planting

Contributing factorPercentage of mortality (%)

Single planting

Cluster planting

Average

Drought 53.00 34.00 44.00

Human factor 0.50 - 0.01

Wildlife disturbance 0.50 1.00 0.05

Forest debris 1.00 1.00 0.08

Others (handling, weeds competition)

45.00 64.00 55.86

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00

Weeds and creepers competition

Sambar deer browsing

Workers carelessness


NURSERY MANAGEMENT Location: Compartment 116. Full operation : May 2010. Cost development: RM 326,000.00. Management: contracted to AY

Enterprise Supply seedlings to the project:

RM3.00/seedlings. Capacity: 200,000 seedlings at one

time . Seeds source: Ulu Segama FR,

Tawau, Kunak, Kinabatangan, Telupid & Sandakan.

Current stocks: 115,000 seedlings 59 mixed species of dipterocarps,

non dipterocarps, pioneers and wild fruit species

No Vernacular name Group No Vernacular name Group1 Seraya melantai Dipterocarp 31 Pelajau Non dipterocarp2 Seraya tembaga Dipterocarp 32 Sengkuang Non dipterocarp3 Seraya majau Dipterocarp 33 Keranji Non dipterocarp4 Selangan batu gelombang Dipterocarp 34 Mengaris Non dipterocarp5 Seraya daun emas Dipterocarp 35 Nyatoh sidang Non dipterocarp6 Seraya kuning barun Dipterocarp 36 Nyatoh bulu Non dipterocarp7 Seraya punai Dipterocarp 37 Perupok Non dipterocarp8 Seraya kuning siput Dipterocarp 38 Medang pengulobon Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)9 Seraya lenggai Dipterocarp 39 Telisai @ ketapang Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)10 Seraya timbau Dipterocarp 40 Tampoi Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)11 Kapur paji Dipterocarp 41 Kayu malam Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)12 Kapur gumpait Dipterocarp 42 Terap ikal Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)13 Kawang pinang Dipterocarp 43 Terap togop Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)14 Kawang jantung Dipterocarp 44 Meritam Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)15 Kawang burung Dipterocarp 45 Kedondong Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)16 Pangiran kesat Dipterocarp 46 Penarahan Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)17 Pangiran gajah Dipterocarp 47 Rambai Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)18 Keruing putih Dipterocarp 48 Kembayau (kedondong) Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)19 Keruing belimbing Dipterocarp 49 Jering Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)20 Keruing merah Dipterocarp 50 Ranggu Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)21 Keruing gondol Dipterocarp 51 Kembang semangkuk jantan Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)22 Keruing daun besar Dipterocarp 52 Sentang / limpaga Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)23 Keruing merekah Dipterocarp 53 Belimbing hutan Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)24 Selangan batu laut Dipterocarp 54 Mata kucing Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)25 Selangan batu terendak Dipterocarp 55 Mempening Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)26 Obah suluk Dipterocarp 56 Laran Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)27 Belian Non dipterocarp 57 Binuang Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)28 Pulai Non dipterocarp 58 Kulimpapa Non dipterocarp (wild fruit)29 Rengas Non dipterocarp 59 Gaharu Non dipterocarp30 Putat paya Non dipterocarp

AVAILABLE SEEDLINGS AT PROJECT NURSERY

INFRASTRUCTURE


(i) Base camp (1) unit office building cum quarters

completed in March 2010. Development cost: RM 319,000.00. Centre of administration and

management.

(ii) Roads Main road : 20 km Inter block roads Maintained by SFD team (1) unit excavator, (1) motorgrader,

(1) unit back hoe loader & (1) unit dump truck


WILDLIFE MONITORING

Done by SFD’s Wildlife Unit. Collecting basic wildlife

information at working area (Cpt. 112).

Result: abundance of small mammals, RTE species also observed (orang utans, clouded leopards & sun bears).

No Species Notes1 Orang utan Estimated about 5 to 10 individuals 2 Wild boar Very common at common boundary with estate 3 Sambar deer Dominating open area 4 Leopard cat Viable population at disturbed forest 5 Porcupine Very common at open area 6 Mouse deer Common at secondary forest7 Moon rat Common at flat and dry area 8 Monitor lizard Very common at water logged area 9 Common tree shrew Very common at secondary forest 10 Large tree shrew Common at secondary forest 11 Small spiny rat Common at secondary forest 12 Pen tail shrew Common at secondary forest 13 Slender tree shrew Common at disturb forest 14 Plaintain squirrel Common at secondary forest 15 Pangolin Common at open and dry area 16 Clouded leopard Estimated 1 to 2 individuals 17 Sun bear Estimated 1 to 2 individuals

BASIC WILDLIFE INFORMATION AT COMPARTMENT 112

ISSUES AND DISCUSSIONS


(i) Target vs Reality

Target for annual planting : 500ha – 1000ha. 6-8 years to complete 5,400ha (started 2008). Achievement : 191 ha (Sept. 2009-Oct.2010). Issues of low performance: staff recruitment, inadequate

planting material, limited species diversity & prolonged drought.

Mitigation measures:(i) Reconstruct PoP – a realistic target of 500 ha/annum(ii) Increase nursery capacity(iii) Engage local communities of Segama to supply seedlings(iv)Continuous SFD’s capacity building(v) Increase SFD’s staff number for skills required incomponents, i.e.: survey, CRP & supervisor(vi)Contract out planting and maintenance component to

local entrepreneurs & local communities of Segama



(ii) Polythene bag size

The usage of bigger poly-bag size : 6” x 9”. Reasons: better rooting system and upkeep nutrient level

for open planting . Issues: more weights and affecting productivity per

hectare. Mitigation measures:

(i) Improve planting medium composition to reduce poly-bag’s weight

(ii) Application of ‘tray system’ for seedlings transportation



(iii) Productivity

Slow progress due to lower productivity of SFD’s contract staff.

Factors: different background, skills, incompetent & problematic .

Mitigation measures:(i) Termination of problematic staff –

(6) people sacked out.(ii) Minor revisions of productivity incentives. (iii) Continuous capacity building – on the job training



(iv) Seed sources

Inadequate planting material impedes planting progress.

Issue: seeds production is influenced by weather pattern (little drought encourage flowering & fruiting of dipterocarps) and very localised .

Mitigation measures:(i) Encourage nursery operator to out source seeds procurement from other district.(ii) Nursery operator engage with local communities – traditional knowledge of local flowering and location. (iii) Seeds supply from FRC team.(iv) Training on the seeds collection technique by FRC team.(v) Establishment of phenology plots within

the Ulu Segama FR – assisted by FRC team.



(v)Spacing

Recommended planting space in planning phase:- (a) Open areas: 7.5m x 5m - single planting; (b) Secondary forests: 12.5m x 12.5m – cluster planting

Issue: not practical for big scale restoration programme Reason: forest structure is not uniform and are

fragmented pockets of forests. Mitigation measures: modified to 8m x 8m with

combination single and cluster planting.



(vi) Higher mortality

Higher mortality rate: 33% after one year planting. Contributor factors: weeds competition, seedlings

handling and drought phenomenon. Recommended mitigation measures:- Reduce number of carried poly-bags to lighten

knapsacks weight– can jeopardize productivity, increase mandays/ha.

Control the length of planting line ~ 500m – 800m. Intensive maintenance programme by shortening

interval period– can affect cost/ha Prohibition of planting during prolonged drought Increase efficiency of herbicide application

CONCLUSION


Strategic planning provides guidance with some improvements during the implementation phase.

Some issues are recognized and mitigation measures are taken into action to increase project performance.

Size of rehabilitated area is not merely the measurable achievement but forests quality and its ecosystem functions must be address properly.

THANK YOU

forest restoration approach in … kawang burung dipterocarp 45 kedondong non dipterocarp (wild...

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