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TRANSCRIPT
Approved By:
Michael Lindsay Janssen
General Manager
Forest Management Plan
2016‐2025
Acacia Forest Industries Sdn Bhd
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Public Summary of Forest Management Plan
Name of Forest Management Unit: Bengkoka Forest Plantation
Area size: 15,000 ha
Location: Northern latitude: 6° 59’ 47” to 6° 42’ 23” to Eastern longitude: 117° 2’ 8” to 117°
15’ 18”
Company details:
Acacia Forest Industries Sdn Bhd
Unit No.1, 2nd Floor, Block L, Metro Town
Jalan Lintas, 88300 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
Tel. +6088‐438021 Fax: +6088‐424077
Contact person:
Junextopher J Maing
Position: Protection Manager
Email: [email protected]
General Locality Map of Bengkoka Plantation
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Location of Bengkoka Plantation with forest compartment network.
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Chapter 1‐ Introduction
i. From 1999 to 2002
On 25 June 1999 KPD signed a Sale and Purchase Agreement with SAFODA for the rights to
harvest the 17,000 ha of established Acacia mangium plantations. In early 2000 these rights
were transferred to another subsidiary company named Serisar Forest Plantation and
Products Sdn. Bhd. (SFPP) which started harvesting operations in the area in late 1999.
Logging started from the present Telaga camp where a 4 km road was built to connect with
the existing Kg. Telaga ‐ Bongkol road. During the period 2000 to end 2002 a total area of
1,460 ha was harvested by SFPP.
SFPP concentrated on harvesting the plantations, whilst KPD focused on the sawing of logs at
their saw mill in Mempakad, Pitas District.
The company also undertook efforts to seek joint venture partners from overseas to produce
Acacia woodchips for export. On 24 January 2003 SFPP signed a Joint Venture Agreement
(JVA) with SAFODA to form a Joint Venture Company on a 50:50 equity basis to plant and
replant an area of 25,000 ha with timber species for a period ending by year 2060.
ii. From 2003 to 2007
Due to a change in ownership in 2003, SFPP was renamed Mangium Plantations Sdn. Bhd.
(MPSB) with its listed holding company being renamed as Mangium Industries Berhad (MIB).
MIB was responsible for constructing a woodchip mill at Telaga in 2004, which started
production in October 2005. During the period 2003 to May 2008 a total area of 4,969 ha was
harvested by MPSB. Following the JVA signed in 2003, the joint venture company Acacia
Forest Industries Sdn. Bhd. (AFISB) was formed on 6th October 2004. The long term plan was
to develop a total area of 25,000 ha of forest plantations, comprising of 17,000 ha for
pulpwood production and 8,000 ha for saw log production. Since its inception plantation
operations are monitored by an Executive Committee comprising members from the two JV
partners. As work‐load increased a General Manager was appointed to deal with the day‐to‐
day activities.
Due to the impressive initial re‐growth of natural regeneration in the harvested areas, it was
decided to thin the stands for pulpwood production. By the end of August 2009, a total area
of 3,650 ha of naturally regenerated area had been thinned to an average of 750 trees per ha,
and an area of 109 ha had been planted.
iii. From 2008 to 2015
In April 2008 the entire shareholding of MPSB and the woodchip mill company in Telaga was
acquired by the Global Emerging Markets Forestry Investors (GEMFI). Both assets are now
being managed by Hijauan Asia Sdn. Bhd., a holding company established by GEMFI.
Consequently, MPSB has been renamed Hijauan Bengkoka Plantations Sdn. Bhd. (HBP) whilst
the woodchip mill has been renamed Hijauan Bengkoka Chipmill Sdn Bhd.
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In early 2010 DASOS Capital Oy acquired a minority share in Hijauan Asia Sdn. Bhd. through
the Luxembourg based holding Balber Financial S.a.r.l.
During this period the area was certified as FSC well managed plantation. The certificate is
valid from 20 Jun 2011 to 19 Jun 2016.
iv. From 2016 to 2045
With the cessation of harvesting in 2016 by HBP of the original regenerated forests, the
operating division of HBP will be merged with AFI and HBP will become purely a non‐operating
holding company. All future harvesting of the AFI planted forests will be managed by AFI, and
all FSC audits will be undertaken under the name of AFI.
Chapter 2‐ Policy Statement and Objectives
Vision
Our Vision is to be the recognized leader in responsible and sustainable tropical plantation
forestry in South East Asia.
Mission
WE ARE: A socially and environmentally responsible and sustainable tropical plantation
forestry company, adding value to the local communities and the forest industry in Sabah.
WE PROVIDE: Employment and development in remote areas of Sabah.
WE BRING TO SABAH: Direct foreign investment, foreign exchange income, international
forestry knowledge and technical skills.
We expect to be judged on our social, environmental and economic performance; by our
customers, our employees, our owners and the communities in which we operate.
Objectives ‐ Our objective is to increase the value of the forestry assets under our control
through the systematic conversion of the existing Acacia plantation to a genetically improved
Eucalyptus plantation using superior Silvicultural practices.
We will achieve this objective while adopting responsible forestry practices certified under
the Forest Stewardship Council principles and criteria:
By subscribing to the IFC Performance Standards on Environmental and Social
Sustainability,
By the adoption and implementation of the best genetic material and plantation
research,
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By the focused development of all our staff, and
In collaboration with all the communities residing within our concession.
The effective implementation of the activities set out in this FMP will help ensure that the AFI
Vision and Mission is achieved.
In support of its Vision and Mission AFI will pursue the following actions:
A. Implement responsible and sustainable forest management practices according to the
Principles and Criteria of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).
B. Adhere to the principles of the IFC Performance Standards on Environmental and
Social Sustainability.
C. Develop the 25,000 ha as a forest plantation to provide a sustainable supply of high
quality saw logs.
D. Harvest the mature timber using environment friendly systems.
E. To protect any natural habitat components identified within the project as well as
restoration of degraded natural forest area where those opportunities exist.
F. To protect forests from fires, pests, diseases and illegal encroachment.
G. Minimise cost by developing and implementing efficient systems incorporating best
practice and the findings from our research and development programme.
H. Maintain or enhance environmental quality by safeguarding biodiversity and
protecting soil and water resources.
I. Manage in a responsible manner the usage of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in the
forest operations.
J. Implement appropriate integrated pest management strategies suitable for the forest
plantation area.
K. Maximize economic returns through cost efficient forest operations.
L. Diversify our timber products and markets.
M. Provide employment opportunities for local people, and carry out human resource
development to enhance professional work skills.
N. Support local communities by encouraging their participation in activities which
complement those of the company and facilitate activities and programmes which
improve their well‐being.
O. To evaluate opportunities for improving the efficient use of resources and energy, and
for reducing waste and greenhouse gas emissions.
Chapter 3‐ General Information
3.1 Local Climate
The project area is characterized by a typical marine‐equatorial climate, with fairly constant
temperature, and high rainfall with some limited dry periods. During the period of November
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to February the region is influenced by the Northeast Monsoon, and from May to September
by the Southwest Monsoon. The inter‐monsoon period lasts from April to May and September
to October respectively.
3.2 Rainfall
The wet months is from November to January during times of plantation establishment.
3.3 Temperature
The average monthly mean temperature in Kudat is 27.4˚ C, with a maximum of 28.5˚ C in the
month of May, and a minimum of 26.9˚ C in the month of January, resulting in a difference of
only 1.7˚ C over a year. The amount of daily sunshine hours range from an average 4.9 hours
in the month of December to 8.8 hours in April, resulting in an average of 6.9 hours per day.
3.4 Humidity and Evaporation
The mean relative humidity at Kudat Station amounts to 83.8%, ranging in a narrow band
from 81.5% in the month of April to 86.9% in November. The mean evaporation averages 4.4
mm per day, showing a maximum of 5.2 mm per day in the month of April and a minimum of
3.6 mm/day in November and December.
3.5 Geology and Soil
The geology of the Bengkoka Peninsula has been formed during the Oligocene age. Most of
the sedimentary rocks found originate from the following geological eras:
Oligocene (40 to 25 million years ago), Kudat Formation
Early to Middle Miocene (25 to 17 million years), South Banggi Formation
Middle Miocene‐Pliocene (17 to 10 million years) to Pliocene (10 to 1 million years),
Bongaya Formation
Coastal and Riverine Alluvium (10,000 years to recent)
These rocks consist of various parent materials, such as sandstone, mudstone, siltstone, shale,
conglomerate, lignite with minor limestone and tuff.
The Soil Association available in Bengkoka Peninsula is shown in table 1 below;
Table 1. Soil Associations in Bengkoka Peninsula
No Soil Association Name
1. Brantian (Bt)
2. Maliau (Mu)
3. Tuaran (Tn)
4. Weston (Wn)
5. Tengah Nipah (TN)
6. Kinabatangan (Kb)
7. Kepayan (Kp)
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3.6 Topography
The Bengkoka Peninsula forms part of the Coastal Zone of Sabah. The plantation land is
generally flat to slightly undulating and intersected with partially short steep slopes and hill
elevations above mean sea level (AMSL) of mostly 30 to 70 m. Ninety nine percent of the area
has slopes of less than 25 degrees.
3.7 Current Vegetation Type
Most of the area is now plantation with a little area with natural regeneration that has been
left for a long time without any activities.
Chapter 4 ‐ Joint Venture area Progress Assessment
Plantation establishment began in 2004. It is the intention of AFI to fully plant the area by the
end of this FMP period. There are 10,093 ha area to be harvested upon completion of HBP
area within the JV area, and 3,720 ha of regeneration area which has been thinned is expected
to produce better quality logs compared to the un‐thinned regeneration area of 1,213 ha.
Forest inventory has been conducted in the mature area with an estimated volume of 232
m3/ha, and 51 m3/ha for the naturally regenerated area. The forest inventory is being
improved by the inputs of forest inventory specialists through the Borneo Forestry
Cooperative (BFC), a research collaboration between several forestry companies within
Borneo.
Chapter 5 – Forest Zoning and Harvesting in JV Areas
5.1 Forest Zoning
The area has been zoned into 4 major categories as follows;
Land Use Area (ha)
Conservation Conservation areas already identified 1,588
Community Area for community activities 1,000
Production Established plantation at 31st Dec 2015 5,161
Regeneration Thinned 3,720
Regeneration Un‐thinned
HBP Harvesting Area
To be developed
1,213
586
3,871
Infrastructure, Roads etc 195
Total 17,334
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57% of the area has been allocated for production area. The area for community activities are
the second largest area of 36%. Conservation and protection areas cover 6% of the gross area.
5.2 Forest Harvesting
The timber harvesting is contracted out to timber harvesting operators. Harvesting standards
are written for all contractors and workers as well as any AFI staff involved in forest plantation
harvesting, extraction and haulage activities managed under AFI. The key objectives of the
Standards are as follows;
i. Ensure the highest level of safety is achieved during operations,
ii. Maximizing the value of standing timber,
iii. Protecting the environmental value of the forest, and
iv. Ensuring no loss of productivity to the site.
Detailed harvesting plans will also be prepared on an annual basis and these will ensure that
minimum coupe size requirements are met and cost of road building and maintenance is
minimised. The annual harvest area ranges from 1,500 to 2,000 ha per annum. Timber
harvesting volumes will fluctuate between 50,000 m3 to 160,000 m3 per annum over the next
10 years. This forecast needs to be periodically revised, according to new information
obtained from updates in resource assessment.
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Map showing the Harvesting Plan 2016‐2025 in Bengkoka Plantation.
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Chapter 6 – Plantation Development and Management
6.1 Objectives
a. The primary objective is to provide the highest quality saw logs at the lowest cost to
maximize economic returns.
b. A secondary objective is to provide employment opportunities for local people and
maintain or enhance environmental quality by safeguarding biodiversity, and protecting
soil and water resources.
c. Working with international standards of FSC and IFC to conserve the environment and
social value of the area.
6.2 Species and site matching
Previously, Acacia mangium was the main species planted in this area due to the fact that it
is a species that offers substantial benefits compared to local plantation timber species,
mainly due to its faster growth rates. It has good papermaking properties and can also be
used for solid wood applications. However, in order to further increase the value of the
forestry asset, a systematic conversion of the existing Acacia plantation to genetically
improved Eucalyptus is currently underway as this species holds more promise than Acacia
mangium.
6.3 Planting materials
The planting material used by AFI shown in table below;
Seed lot no Species Region Country
SSB13019 Eucalyptus pellita Brumas,Tawau, Sabah Malaysia
SSB13177 Eucalyptus pellita Brumas,Tawau, Sabah Malaysia
V00387 Eucalyptus pellita Binh Duong Vietnam
GF0115 Eucalyptus pellita Bukidnon,Mindanao Philippines
SSO00408 Eucalyptus pellita Binh Duong Vietnam
SSO00410 Eucalyptus pellita Quy Nhon Vietnam
EP‐PT5135 Eucalyptus pellita Malaybalay Philippines
6.4 Size of plantation area
AFI current size of plantation is as follows;
Area in hectare
Acacia mangium
Eucalyptus pellita
Total planted
9,870 809 10,679
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Only 10% of the total production area will be planted with Acacia and 90% will be planted
with Eucalyptus pellita with total area of 15,000 ha.
Map showing the planting program 2016‐2025.
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6.5 Nursery
AFI has a central nursery located close to the main office. This is used to raise planting stock
from seed. The holding capacity of this nursery is about 1.5 million seedlings which
accommodates the expected maximum annual planting target of 2,000 ha.
6.6 Silvicultural Regime The JV Licence Area will be managed with the objective of producing saw logs on a 12 year
rotations. To maximise wood production it is important that the trees are planted into a
weed‐free site and that weeds are controlled until the canopy closes. For acacias a singling
operation is scheduled to increase the proportion of single leader trees (the form of the
eucalypts is such that this operation is unnecessary). This reduces handling costs during
harvesting and transport and also increases the recovery of saw logs.
Chapter 7 – Plantation Research and Development
AFI have its own research department responsible to implement all research and development activities. The research program covers the following specific areas;
1. Tree breeding for both Eucalypts and Acacias 2. Silvicultural trial 3. Site classification and yield monitoring 4. Tree nutrition 5. Pest and Disease control
AFI is a member of the Borneo Forestry Cooperative, a research cooperation between 5 forestry companies in Borneo founded in 2010. The objective of this collaboration is;
A. Progress and coordinate tree improvement activities.
B. Free exchange of information and germplasm.
C. Maintain links with other R&D organisations.
D. Nurture competence & enthusiasm among R&D staff.
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Chapter 8 – Environment, Wildlife and High Conservation Value Forests
8.1 Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA’s)
There are two EIA’s that have been approved by the Environment Protection Department of
Sabah for;
1. “Proposed harvesting of 10,000 ha of Acacia mangium plantation trees at Bengkoka
Peninsula, Pitas, Sabah by Mangium Plantation Sdn Bhd”.
2. “Proposed Replanting and Planting of 25,000 ha of Acacia mangium at Bengkoka
Peninsula, District of Pitas, in Sabah by Acacia Forest Industries Sdn Bhd”
8.2 Management of HCVF
Taking into consideration the results and recommendations of the HCVF study the company
has developed the following management objectives concerning High Conservation Values:
A. Ensure that identified habitats for rare, threatened and endangered (RTE) species are protected from human disturbance
B. Raise awareness among company staff and local communities for the need to
conserve and protect RTE species
C. Facilitate research activities on protection of RTE and habitat conservation
D. Establish protection areas at all sites exceeding slope degrees of 25˚ over more than 2
ha in size
E. Establish river buffer zones of various width for all permanent streams and rivers
F. Continuously refine and enhance the company’s conservation policies
G. Expand the HCV area whenever such values have been confirmed to exist, particularly
on new plantation areas to be developed
The company will review its conservation policy at regular intervals and integrate new
requirements on species and habitat conservation and protection.
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8.3 Results of HCVFs
HCV Element Findings Status/ Legal requirement
1.1
Protected
Area
Bengkoka Forest Reserve & Tambalugu Forest Reserve
89 plant species 46 families
97 plant species from 48 plant families (within the Wasoi forest )
None for these species are included under any protection categories None for these species are included under any protection categories
1.2
Threatened and
endangered Species
Wasoi/Gumpa/Jawi‐Jawi & Bengkoka F.R Flora
Parashorea malaanonan,
Parashorea stellate,
Alpinia conchigera
Etlingera triorgyalis
Globba sp
Arenga undulatifolia (Polod)
Caryota mitis (Botu)
Critically endangered‐ IUCN Red list Critically endangered‐ IUCN Red list Schedule II Schedule II Schedule II Schedule II Schedule II
Acacia mangium Plantation/Bengkoka F.R/ Jawi‐Jawi/ Fauna
Reptiles ‐11 species(9 snake sp,1 crocodile,2 lizard)
Amphibians‐9 species from 3 families
2 species‐Schedule 2 None for these species are included under any protection categories.
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Freshwater fish and other aquatic life‐6 species
None for these species are included under any protection categories.
Acacia mangium Plantation Mammals
21 species
4 species‐ Schedule 1 5 species‐Schedule 2 5 species‐Schedule 3
Wasoi/Bengkoka F.R/Acacia mangium plantation Aves
46 birds species from 27 families
None of these bird species is currently listed under any enactment or other international protection category.
1.3
Endemism
Flora
No endemic plant species found in high concentrations, and no highly distributions of any particular species were observe.
Wasoi/Jawi‐jawi/Bengkoka F.R/Suang Duyung/Mengkapon/ Telaga Fauna
1. Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) 2. Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) 3. Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus) 4. Tembadau/Banteng (Bos javanicus) 5. Brahminy Kite 6. Grey Heron
All species has been sighted but no population figure is available yet.
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1.4 Critical temporal
use
Telaga Area Critical temporary site for raptors
2 Landscape‐level Forest
Not applicable for this area
3 Ecosystems Mangrove Present in the vicinity of Bengkoka plantation and requiring a sound management strategy to ensure the sustained conservation of this important ecosystem.
4.1 Watershed Protection
Bengkoka F.R & Tambalugu F.R Protection Forest for water catchment under the National Forestry Act 1984.
Sabah Water Resources Enactment 1998
Class I protection Forest, Sabah Forest Enactment 1968
4.2 Erosion Control
Bengkoka F.R a. Slope > 25° with an area more than 2 ha b. River riparian
National Forestry Act 1984
Guidelines of the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID)
4.3 Barriers to Destructive
Fire
Bengkoka F.R River/streams
Limited area present within and adjacent to the Bengkoka plantation
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8.4 Summary of conservation and protection area
No HCVF Area Area (ha)
1 Lakes 27
2 Wetland area 183
3 Wasoi Forest (natural forest) 50
4 Graveyards 33
Graveyards (Confirmed) 18
5 Steep slope areas > 25° 73
6 River Buffer Zones 336
7 Mangrove Forests 797
8 Water Catchment Areas 71
Total: 1,588
Note: The area is inclusive of buffer
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Map showing conservation and protection area in Bengkoka peninsula
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Chapter 9 – Socio‐Economic Environment
9.1 Social impact assessment The Pitas area, prior to the SAFODA project, consisted mainly of shifting cultivators mostly of
the Rungus and Tembanua indigenous groups. The livelihoods derived primarily from hill rice
and hunting and gathering, and the coastal communities fishing.
There are been numerous community based studies for the area to support this view:
• Recommended Social Strategy TFT report 2010
• SIA report by Kiwiheng Wood and Environmental Consultants 2009
• Review of SIA TFT 2010
• Study of Native Land Matters, Forest Solutions, 2012
9.2 Strategy All of these studies clearly state what is needed now is to proactively engage the communities
to resolve land claims and plan together for future development of the area. It is now time to
act on these studies and become involved in making the communities partners in the
plantation. AFI will implement the community strategy which is separated into four stages;
1. Baseline Survey
2. Community Engagement
3. Enforcement/Security
4. Community Development
Baseline survey has been conducted and the current situation is:
• The SAFODA area is approximately 33,000ha (boundary not completed)
• AFI area is approx. 25,000ha
• Actual planted / established area 10,000 ha +/‐
• Community land claim approx. 15,000 ha (SAFODA boundary not set, so no
resource protection and open access is assumed by the communities)
9.2 Next Step
The second stage of the CEP is community engagement. The main goal of the community
engagement will be to take the findings of the baseline to form the basis of the participatory
mapping. The aim of the mapping work is to understand where community perceive their
land to be, where they currently have management activities and where they perceive they
have the right to have future user rights. It is hoped, although not yet clear, how the Land and
Survey department can participate. If they cannot, at the very least we need to engage with
them to finalise the boundaries for the gazetted area.
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The following are the objectives and expected outcomes for the participatory mapping:
Objectives
A. To identify and understand the extent of land use and real or potential conflict between communities and SAFODA gazette land.
B. To foster better understanding between communities and SAFODA project proponents moving towards finding amicable land use resolutions
To obtain detailed information on the current land use development by local communities by identifying:‐
• The developed and active land use area by communities within the SAFODA gazette land.
• Land claims or applications within the gazette SAFODA area, including heritage site location (caves, waterfalls, graveyards, religious site, medicinal site etc.). i.e. High Conservation Value Forest area categories 5 & 6
• Areas perceived as NCR within the boundary of the SAFODA gazetted land
• Perceived Boundary between SAFODA gazetted land in different villages (it may be possible that two neighbouring villages may claim the same area)
• Encroachment by individuals or groups from outside the communities
• Possibilities of non‐forest based resources within the gazetted land
• The potential loss of livelihood – there might be landless community
Expected Outcomes
1. Determine NCR claims by communities within the SAFODA gazette land to enable future land use planning,
2. Determine possible collaborative land use development with the communities to enable strategic partnership planning,
3. Enhanced understanding on the actual land use by communities and build rapport with the local community
4. Clear demarcation of the SAFODA gazette boundary in conflict areas
5. Promote consensus building and amicable solutions to land use conflict within the
SAFODA gazette area.
6. Isolate the individuals/groups from outside the communities who have established land
within the SAFODA area
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Chapter 10 – Implementation and Monitoring
Monitoring Parameter Frequency/Timing Annual briefing to villager on fire danger Yearly
Wildlife awareness Yearly
FSC certification Monthly
Community forestry Monthly
Harvesting activities Monthly
Forestry department issue Monthly
Silvicultural operation Monthly
Environmental performance Quarterly
Resource Monitoring Post‐planting survival survey
Early growth assessment
Mid‐rotation assessment
Pre‐harvest inventory
Age 6 month
Age 1 Age 6 Age 11
HCVF Monitoring Monthly
Compartment Record Monthly
Plan review Yearly
Forest Protection Control of boundaries
Encroachment
Fire protection
Monthly Monthly Quarterly
Safety Monthly
Internal Audit Quarterly
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Chapter 11 – Manpower Requirement
Concluding remarks
The successful implementation of this Forest Management Plan for the Bengkoka Plantation
during the period 2016 to 2025 will lead to a well‐managed forest that is subject to regular
independent third party evaluation for compliance with the ecological, social and economic
requirements of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). The forest operations will provide
ample opportunities for local people to develop skills and increase their well‐being through
direct, or contractor employment, and through various spin‐off effects of the plantation
activities, wood based industries, and general service sectors. Another important positive
impact will be seen from enhanced community consultation and collaboration, as well as from
improved clarity and regulation of land use rights on the Bengkoka Peninsula, for the benefit
of government agencies, local communities, and private households. Resolved land tenure
conflicts will foster development investments for higher land use efficiency and profitability
in both forestry and agriculture crop management. The company’s commitment to
responsible forest resource management will further protect social and environmental values
within and adjacent to the plantation area. All these efforts will eventually contribute to
achieve the vision formulated for the Bengkoka Forest Plantation.
Last updated on 1st May 2017
Year Euc Acacia total Staff
2016 100,663 44,933 145,596 582
2017 132,178 33,951 166,129 665
2018 133,544 26,123 159,667 639
2019 161,521 15,104 176,625 707
2020 154,308 9,851 164,159 657
2021 158,657 6,144 164,801 659
2022 174,158 4,299 178,457 714
2023 164,519 4,031 168,549 674
2024 74,556 2,374 76,930 308
2025 54,972 889 55,862 223
Total AFI plantation operations man‐days required