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New Visions Global History Regents Exam Question Bank for

Unit 10.3 Section 2 (NYS 10.6)Table of Contents:

Unit 10.3 Section 1 (NYS 10.5) o 10.5a International competition, fueled by nationalism, imperialism,

and militarism along with shifts in the balance of power and alliances, led to world wars.

o 10.5b Technological developments increased the extent of damage and casualties in both World War I and World War II.

o 10.5c The devastation of the world wars and use of total war led people to explore ways to prevent future world wars.

o 10.5d Nationalism and ideology played a significant role in shaping the period between the world wars.

o 10.5e Human atrocities and mass murders occurred in this time period. Unit 10.3 Section 2 (NYS 10.6)

o 10.6a The Cold War originated from tensions near the end of World War II as plans for peace were made and implemented. The Cold War was characterized by competition for power and ideological differences between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe, Truman Doctrine, Berlin blockade,...

Opposition to Soviet Expansion o 10.6b The Cold War was a period of confrontations and attempts at

peaceful coexistence. Cuba, Vietnam, Korea and Afghanistan New military alliances United Nations Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Race Nonalignment Détente

o 10.6c The end of the Cold War and the collapse of the communist bloc in Europe had a global impact.

Glasnost and Perestroika Self Determination After the Cold War Fall of the Berlin Wall Command Economy vs. Capitalist Economy

Back to the NV Global History Regents Exam Question Bank Main Table of Contents

10.6a The Cold War originated from tensions near the end of World War II as plans for peace were made and implemented. The Cold War was characterized by competition for power and ideological differences between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe, Truman Doctrine, Berlin blockade, NATO

1. The expansion of Communism into Eastern Europe was a direct result of1. the Crimean War2. the Napoleonic Wars3. World War I4. World War II

2. Between 1945 and 1950, the Soviet Union gained control over the nations of Eastern Europe as a result of

1. prewar agreements between England and the Soviet Union2. free elections in those nations3. diplomatic and military pressure4. trusteeships established by the United Nation

3. "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent."

–Winston Churchill (1946)This statement was Winston Churchill's reaction to the

1. final defeat of Germany's armies during World War II2. Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe after World War II3. German invasion of Russia during World War II4. creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) after World War I

4. The United States offered aid to Turkey (1947). The Soviet Union helped finance the Aswan Dam in Egypt (1956). A coup d'état in Iraq was supported by the United States (1963).

Which conclusion about the Middle East can be drawn from these situations that occurred during the ColdWar?

1. It served as a key ally for the Soviet Union.2. It developed a policy of appeasement.3. It became a site of strategic competition between the superpowers.4. It allowed the United Nations to establish the region's foreign policies.

5.Which title best completes the partial outline below?

I. ___________________A. Berlin blockadeB. Cuban missile

crisisC. Vietnam War

1. Path to World War I2. Victories for Democracy3. Cold War Confrontations4. Terrorism in the 20th Century

6. In the 1950s, what was the status of most countries in Eastern Europe?1. members of the Common Market2. participants in the Marshall Plan3. allies of the United States4. satellites of the Soviet Union

7. The imaginary line that divided the Western European countries from the Eastern European countries after World War II was known as the

1. prime meridian2. line of demarcation3. Iron Curtain4. Berlin Wall

8. The use of the Marshall Plan in Western Europe after World War II strengthened the forces of

1. democracy2. communism3. isolationism4. autocracy

9. Base your answer to the following question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

What is the main idea of this 2002 cartoon?(1) The United States refuses to become involved in another war. (2) Nuclear proliferation continues to threaten world peace. (3) The Cold War conflict continues today. (4) Pakistan is the dominant nuclear force in this region.

10. The term iron curtain refers to the(1) scars left on the land by the trenches of World War I (2) no-fly zone in northern Iraq after the Persian Gulf War (3) border established between India and Pakistan after World War II (4) western boundary of Soviet domination in Europe during the Cold War

11. "Korea Divided at 38th Parallel" "Hungarian Revolution Crushed" "Missile Sites Spotted in Cuba"

The events in these headlines contributed to the(1) development of peacetime alliances (2) collapse of the Soviet Union (3) rejection of imperialism by Western nations (4) tensions between the superpowers

12. The political climate of the Cold War caused the world’s two superpowers to(1) cooperate in halting the spread of communism

(2) colonize Africa and Asia (3) compete economically and militarily (4) protect human rights

13. After World War II, the Soviet Union maintained control of many Eastern European nations mainly because these nations were

(1) a source of new technology and skilled labor (2) near warm-water ports on the Mediterranean Sea (3) extensions of Communist power (4) members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

15. Base your answer to the following question on the quote below."From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent." ––Winston Churchill (1946)

This statement refers to the(1) beginning of the Cold War (2) unification of Germany (3) end of World War I (4) Russian Revolution

16. In the 30 years after World War II, which area was most influenced by the Soviet Union?

(1) Southeast Asia (2) North Africa (3) Eastern Europe (4) Central America

17. After World War II, Soviet domination of Eastern Europe was most directly the result of the

(1) victory of Germany over the Allies (2) growth of democratic movements (3) peace agreements supported by the United Nations (4) Soviet military occupation of the region

18. After World War II, the Soviet Union established satellites in Eastern Europe to(1) support the remaining Fascist governments in Eastern Europe (2) preserve Capitalism in Eastern Europe (3) establish democratic governments in Eastern European nations (4) expand its power and control over Eastern Europe

21. The purpose of both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan was to(1) support the construction of the Iron Curtain (2) increase membership in the United Nations (3) prevent the spread of communism (4) attempt to solve world hunger

22. The Marshall Plan was designed to stop the spread of communism by providing(1) government housing to refugees

(2) military assistance to Vietnam (3) funds for economic recovery in war-torn European nations (4) nuclear weapons to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members

23. The purpose of the Marshall Plan after World War II was to(1) promote the spread of militarism (2) force the losing nations to help areas destroyed in the war (3) rebuild national economies to stabilize governments (4) strengthen the alliances that had won the war

24. Which United States foreign policy was used to maintain the independence of Greece and Turkey after World War II?

(1) containment (2) neutrality (3) nonalignment (4) militarism

25. Base your answer to the following question on the stamp below and on your knowledge of social studies.

This commemorative stamp was issued 50 years after the Marshall Plan. George Marshall was honored because he had

(1) insisted that Germany and the other Axis Powers pay for starting World War II

(2) proposed economic aid from the United States to rebuild the economies of European nations (3) formed the European Union so that Western Europe could rebuild its own economy (4) encouraged Western European nations to accept aid from the Soviet

Union

27. The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to

(1) restore Japanese economic development (2) provide military aid to Middle Eastern allies (3) assure nationalist success in the Chinese civil war (4) provide for economic recovery in Western Europe

33. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.. . . The only way to go was up. And, on June 26, 1948, planes from all over the world were employed to begin an airlift to fly needed food and supplies to the Berliners. The Soviets attempted to frighten away the Allied planes. One Soviet plane, trying to tighten the blockade, fired on a British plane as it attempted to land in Berlin. Both planes crashed, killing all aboard. But the airlift continued. . . .

Source: Doris M. Epler, The Berlin Wall The Milbrook PressThe events described in this passage occurred soon after

(1) World War I (2) World War II (3) the Korean War (4) the Six-Day War

Base your answers to questions 42 and 43 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

42. In 1968, the area east of the bold black boundary included members of the(1) Triple Alliance (2) Warsaw Pact (3) European Union (EU) (4) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

43. In 1968, the areas labeled Estonian SSR, Belorussian SSR, and Moldavian SSR referred to

(1) republics that were part of the Soviet Union (2) members of the Central Powers (3) independent nations of Eastern Europe (4) members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

28. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan were designed to

(1) promote economic and political stability in Europe (2) end German demands for the Sudetenland (3) restore democratic rule in Haiti (4) prevent Iraq’s takeover of Kuwait

29. After World War II, the United States provided financial aid to West Germany, Turkey, and Greece because these nations were

(1) beginning their industrial development (2) facing possible Communist threats (3) newly independent (4) major military partners of the United States

30. The purpose of the Truman Doctrine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was to provide

(1) economic and military support to European nations to stop the spread ofCommunism (2) military troops to end ethnic warfare in the former Yugoslavia (3) humanitarian aid to starving people in Ethiopia and Sudan (4) the rights of freedom of speech and the press to Greek and Turkish

citizens

31. The Great Wall of China and the Berlin Wall were both intended to(1) halt the spread of communism (2) isolate unpopular governments (3) limit the movement of peoples (4) keep people from smuggling illegal goods

32. In what way were Korea and Germany similar after World War II?(1) They refused to align with the superpowers. (2) Their former emperors stood trial for war crimes. (3) Both remained divided during the Cold War. (4) Ethnic tensions threatened civil war in each country.

33. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

. . . The only way to go was up. And, on June 26, 1948, planes from all over the world were employed to begin an airlift to fly needed food and supplies to the Berliners. The Soviets attempted to frighten away the Allied planes. One Soviet plane, trying to tighten the blockade, fired on a British plane as it attempted to land in Berlin. Both planes crashed, killing all aboard. But the airlift continued. . . .

Source: Doris M. Epler, The Berlin Wall The Milbrook Press,The events described in this passage occurred soon after

(1) World War I (2) World War II (3) the Korean War (4) the Six-Day War

34. One reason for the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 was to(1) promote reunification of East Germany and West Germany (2) keep East Germans from fleeing to the Western sector of Berlin (3) complete the post–World War II rebuilding of Berlin (4) meet the requirements of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

36. The fall of the Berlin Wall was followed by(1) an end of democratic rule in Germany (2) the rise of a Neo-Nazi movement in Spain (3) an expansion of the Warsaw Pact (4) the collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union

37. The invasion of Hungary in 1961 by the Soviet Union and the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 are examples of

(1) United Nations Security Council resolutions (2) Truman Doctrine failures (3) Marshall Plan effects (4) Cold War Era conflicts

38. What was a major reason the Soviet Union established satellite states in Eastern Europe after World War II?

(1) developing better trade relations with the West (2) creating a buffer zone against future invasions (3) participating in United Nations peacekeeping missions (4) controlling the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

41. Which group of countries became Soviet satellites after World War II?(1) France, Spain, Great Britain (2) Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary

(3) Switzerland, Austria, Belgium (4) Turkey, Greece, Italy

56. After World War II, the Soviet Union established satellites in Eastern Europe primarily to

(1) promote constitutional democracy (2) expand its own political power (3) prevent the rise of new socialist regimes (4) persuade Western Europe to abandon military alliances

.60. The events that took place in Hungary in the 1950's and in Czechoslovakia in the 1960's demonstrated the Soviet Union's

(1) support of nationalism among satellite nations (2) influence on the economies of developing nations (3) determination to maintain political control over Eastern Europe at that

time (4) attempts to promote its artistic and literary achievements in Western

Europe

61. "Warsaw Pact Tanks Invade Budapest""Wall Divides Berlin" "Liberal Czechoslovak Government Replaced"These historical newspaper headlines were related to

(1) Mikhail Gorbachev's introduction of the policy of glasnost (2) Adolf Hitler's efforts to promote national socialism (3) the Soviet Union's acceptance of capitalism (4) attempts by the Soviet Union to strengthen Communist control

64. In Eastern Europe during the 1950's and 1960's, the Soviet Union responded to challenges to its control by

(1) allowing free elections when necessary (2) imposing prompt and severe repression (3) obtaining United Nations assistance (4) granting independence to its satellite nations

Opposition to Soviet Expansion65. •Hungarian Revolution (1956)•Prague Spring (1968)

•Formation of Solidarity in Poland (1979)One way in which these events are similar is that each is an example of

(1) a reaction of a Warsaw Pact nation to the actions of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (2) violence resulting from massive food shortages (3) opposition to communism in Eastern Europe (4) the failure of the European Economic Community (Common Market) to unify its tariffs

62. The revolt in Hungary (1956), the demonstrations in Czechoslovakia (1968), and the formation of Solidarity in Poland (1980's) are similar in that they

(1) were movements to restore the power of the aristocracy (2) were tolerated by the Communist leaders, who accepted the need for

change (3) represented a challenge to Communist leadership (4) represented attempts to rid these countries of Western ideas and

influence

63. The 1956 invasion of Hungary and the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union were attempts to

(1) keep Communist governments in power in Eastern Europe (2) decrease Cold War tensions between Eastern Europe and the United

States (3) prevent German militarism from spreading throughout Europe (4) provide humanitarian aid to the ethnic minorities of these nations

82. The Berlin Blockade in 1948, the Hungarian Revolt of 1956, and the invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 all demonstrated that the Soviet Union

(1) wanted to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (2) used economic sanctions to achieve its foreign policy goals (3) was willing to use military force in situations that challenged its power (4) hoped to advance its economy through cultural exchange

88. • Blockade of Berlin• Operation of the Berlin Airlift• Organization of the Warsaw Pact• Construction of the Berlin WallThese events of the Cold War are examples of

(1) efforts to prevent military conflict between the superpowers

(2) situations that increased tensions between communist and democratic nations in Europe (3) attempts to weaken the Soviet Union’s control of its Eastern European allies (4) policies of peaceful coexistence and détente

10.6b The Cold War was a period of confrontations and attempts at peaceful coexistence.

Cuba, Vietnam, Korea and Afghanistan

14. Base your answer to the following question on the headlines below.United States Airlifts Supplies to Berlin U-2 Spy Plane Shot Down Over the Soviet Union Soviet Missiles Placed in Cuba

These headlines discuss events during(1) Stalins Reign of Terror (2) World War II (3) the Cold War (4) the post–Cold War era

26. The Truman Doctrine, Korean War, crisis in Guatemala, and Soviet invasion of Afghanistan were all

(1) reasons for the Industrial Revolution (2) examples of Japanese imperialism (3) events of the Cold War (4) causes of World War II

35. One similarity in the histories of Germany and Vietnam is that both nations(1) were once divided but have since been reunited (2) remained nonaligned during the Cold War period (3) have chosen a democratic form of government in recent years (4) were once colonized by other European nations

52. The formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the division of Germany into East Germany and West Germany, and the Korean War were immediate reactions to

(1) Japanese military aggression in the 1930s (2) the rise of German nationalism after World War I (3) ethnic conflict and civil war in Africa in the 1950s (4) Communist expansion after World War II

74. The 38th parallel in Korea and the 17th parallel in Vietnam were used to mark(1) boundaries created by mountain ranges (2) demarcation lines instituted by papal authority (3) territorial claims disputed between ethnic minorities (4) political divisions established between communist and noncommunist

territories

84. United States involvement in the Vietnam War and the Soviet Union's involvement in Afghanistan were motivated mainly by a desire to

(1) exploit the mineral resources of the regions (2) support governments that would remain strong allies (3) stop the expansion of Japan into the Middle East (4) establish independent nation-states in the regions

89. What is one way post–World War II North Korea and post–World War II East Germany are similar?

(1) Monarchies were reestablished in both countries. (2) Democratic principles flourished in both countries. (3) Both communist governments faced economic stagnation. (4) Both countries threatened to use chemical weapons against China.

178. Which development in the history of Cuba occurred first?(1) The United States imposed a naval quarantine against Cuba. (2) The Soviet Union built missile sites in Cuba. (3) Fidel Castro forcibly took power in Cuba. (4) The communist government in Cuba seized foreign properties.

179. Fidel Castro was successful at leading a revolution in Cuba because he gained the support of

(1) wealthy landowners (2) government officials (3) peasant farmers (4) foreign investors

180. Which event illustrates the policy of containment?

(1) Nuremberg trials (1945–1946) (2) Hungarian revolt (1956) (3) launching of Sputnik (1957) (4) naval blockade of Cuba (1962)

181. Although Cuba has lost support from many nations, one reason Fidel Castro has remained in power is that he has

(1) established free trade with the United States (2) opposed communism (3) prohibited the practice of Catholicism (4) raised the standard of living for many Cubans

182. Under the leadership of Fidel Castro, Cuba has become an example of(1) the success of democracy in improving conditions in a developing nation (2) a nation in which the efforts of the United Nations have improved human

rights (3) a Communist government struggling to maintain power despite economic problems (4) the successful reform of agriculture from single-crop to multi-crop production

183. Which situation resulted from the 1959 Cuban Revolution?(1) Cuba adopted a communistic economic and political system. (2) Cuba was denied admission to the United Nations. (3) All social classes united to support the new government. (4) The power of the Roman Catholic Church in Cuba was greatly increased.

184. Which statement would be consistent with the views of Fidel Castro?(1) The spread of Communism is the greatest danger facing Latin America. (2) An American military presence is the key to the defense of Latin America. (3) Progress and justice in Latin America can be achieved only through revolutionary Socialism. (4) Introducing a free-market system will improve the economies of Latin American nations.

185. One reason for both the French Revolution (1789) and the Cuban Revolution (1959) was that

(1) people often rebel when they are governed by a foreign power (2) the monarchs did not meet the needs of culturally diverse populations (3) the writings of Karl Marx encouraged workers and the industrialists to

unite (4) existing governments failed to address the major economic differences between social classes

186. "Cuba today is a land of impossible contradictions, a utopia with beggars, a so-called puppet still dancing after the puppet master's death."In this 1993 newspaper quotation, which nation is referred to as the "puppet master"?

(1) Haiti (2) Soviet Union (3) Spain (4) United States

187. Since the end of the Cold War, Cuba has experienced(1) the loss of a major source of its foreign financial support (2) increased economic growth from expanded trade (3) expanded political influence in Latin American affairs (4) greater independence from Communist China

New military alliances

20. The Truman Doctrine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were United States responses to the

(1) threat of the Nazis in the 1930s (2) fear of economic depression after World War I (3) concern about the partition of India in 1947 (4) communist threat after World War II

45. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Which conclusion about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) can be drawn from this 2002 map?

(1) NATO considered admitting more former Soviet satellites. (2) NATO had fewer members than the Warsaw Pact. (3) NATO does not admit new members. (4) NATO has included many Asian members.


Which time period is represented in this map of Europe?(1) before the Congress of Vienna (2) during the Age of Imperialism (3) between World War I and World War II (4) during the Cold War

48. Base your answer to the following question on the statement below and on your knowledge of social studies.. . . The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the

right of individual or collective self-defense . . . will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the . . . area. . . . Which organization includes this statement in its charter?

(1) Warsaw Pact (2) United Nations (3) Organization of American States (4) North Atlantic Treaty Organization


Which speech described the political alignment shown on the map?(1) Bismarck's "Blood and Iron" (2) Chamberlain's "Peace in Our Time" (3) Hirohito's "Surrender" (4) Churchill's "Iron Curtain"

Base your answers to questions 50 and 51 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

50. Which of these countries was not a member of either the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) or of the Warsaw Pact?

(1) East Germany (2) Great Britain (3) Romania (4) Austria


The organizations represented on the map were formed as a direct result of(1) a need to improve the economy of Europe by limiting trade restrictions (2) environmental concerns that resulted from rapid industrialization (3) conflicts caused by the Cold War (4) the collapse of the Soviet Union

39. In the post-World War II time period, the purpose of both the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact was to

(1) discourage religious toleration (2) establish a military alliance (3) promote economic self-sufficiency (4) eliminate political corruption

40. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was initially formed to(1) promote religious freedom (2) defend Western Europe from Soviet aggression (3) isolate member nations from the rest of the world (4) stop the flow of immigration between member nation

44. What was a major reason for the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949?

(1) to control European trade (2) to resist Soviet aggression (3) to support the blockade of Berlin (4) to strengthen communist governments

47. • Creation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Warsaw Pact• Construction of the Berlin Wall• Cuban missile crisisThese events are most closely associated with

(1) World War I (2) World War II (3) the Cold War (4) the Persian Gulf War

Base your answers to questions 53 and 54 on the discussion below and on your knowledge of social studies.Speaker A: I think that this plan is an excellent one. By expanding membership, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) can change its role as we enter the 21st century. Since its original enemy is no longer a threat, we should use NATO to maintain peace in Europe.Speaker B: I strongly disagree. NATO is a military organization that requires its members to spend money on military equipment and training. The nations at risk would better help themselves by spending money on improving infrastructure and strengthening their economies.Speaker C: Both of you are missing the point. The whole reason we want to join NATO is for protection against Russian expansionism. This has happened before in our history, with dire consequences for us. We do not want it to happen again.Speaker D: We will never accept anyone’s right to build up troops or weapons in the areas along our borders. Those are our traditional spheres of influence. We will not accept any action that dictates our defense policy to us. 53. Which nation is Speaker C most likely representing?

(1) France (2) Germany (3) Poland (4) China

54. The speakers are discussing the question of whether NATO should

(1) send troops to stop ethnic strife in Iraq (2) expel the United States and Canada (3) dissolve and turn over its assets to the European Union (4) expand its organization to include the nations of Eastern Europe

58. One reason the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact was to(1) ease the transition to democracy (2) help institute Capitalism in Eastern Europe (3) limit the threat of invasion from Western Europe (4) challenge the economic successes of the Common Market

59. Which headline concerning the Soviet Union refers to a Cold War event?(1) "Yeltsin Assumes Power" (2) "Trotsky Forms Red Army" (3) "Germany Invades USSR" (4) "Warsaw Pact Formed"

United Nations77. The primary purpose of the United Nations is to

(1) control world grain prices (2) promote democratic governments (3) resolve conflicts between nations peacefully (4) unite all nations militarily through alliances

79. The United Nations was created primarily to(1) prosecute persons accused of war crimes (2) contain the spread of communism (3) channel relief aid to war-torn nations (4) provide a means of solving international problems

76. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the founding of Amnesty International (1961) are both associated with efforts to recognize and protect the

(1) economic diversity of nations (2) dignity of individuals (3) right of each nation to enforce its own laws (4) balance of power between nations

87. The violence and destruction that occurred during World War II led to the

(1) expansion of colonial empires in Africa (2) formation of the United Nations (3) signing of the Versailles Treaty (4) unification of Germany

Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Race68. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.. . "We may anticipate a state of affairs in which two Great Powers will each be in a position to put an end to the civilization and life of the other, though not without risking its own. We may be likened to two scorpions in a bottle, each capable of killing the other, but only at the risk of his own life.".

— J. Robert Oppenheimer, July 1953

This statement expresses concern about the(1) threats to the environment by developed and developing economies (2) differences between command and market economies (3) economic costs of World War II (4) dangers of the Cold War


What is the main idea of this cartoon?(1) Proliferation of military weapons could destroy the world. (2) The world's population is growing faster than its food supply. (3) The land masses of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are shifting.

(4) Military technology is making the world a smaller place.


Which statement best describes the main idea of this 1989 cartoon?(1) Agricultural development depends on the progress of the nuclear arms

race. (2) World peace cannot be assured by limiting the nuclear capabilities of only

the United States and the Soviet Union. (3) Permanent world peace has come with agreements between the United

States and the Soviet Union to reduce nuclear arms. (4) Most nations are eliminating their nuclear

weapons programs.

68. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.. . "We may anticipate a state of affairs in which two Great Powers will each be in a position to put an end to the civilization and life of the other, though not without risking its own. We may be likened to two scorpions in a bottle, each capable of killing the other, but only at the risk of his own life.".

— J. Robert Oppenheimer, July 1953 This statement expresses concern about the

(1) threats to the environment by developed and developing economies (2) differences between command and market economies

(3) economic costs of World War II (4) dangers of the Cold War

70. • Berlin airlift• Cuban missile crisis• Nuclear arms raceThese events were part of an era known as the

(1) Age of Imperialism (2) Scientific Revolution (3) Enlightenment (4) Cold War

71. During the Cold War era (1945 - 1990), the United States and the Soviet Union were reluctant to become involved in direct military conflict mainly because of

(1) the peacekeeping role of the United Nations (2) pressure from nonaligned nations (3) the potential for global nuclear destruction (4) increased tensions in the Middle East

73. In the Soviet Union, a negative aspect of the Cold War Era was the(1) attempt to preserve democratic ideals (2) development of peaceful uses for modern technology (3) development of effective means of international cooperation (4) high cost of maintaining the arms race

Nonalignment83. Which is a result of India's policy of nonalignment?

(1) India has kept its defense spending at a low level. (2) The Indian government has been successful in limiting population growth. (3) The Indian government has worked to reduce religious conflicts. (4) India has accepted aid from both the United States and the Soviet Union.

85. During the Cold War Era, many Asian and African nations followed a policy of nonalignment because they

(1) had the same goals and needs as the Soviet Union (2) needed the natural resources of Western European nations (3) wished to receive aid from the Soviet Union and the United States (4) were afraid of losing their vote in the United Nations

100. During the Cold War period, India's foreign policy was committed to(1) supporting communism in Asia (2) rejecting democracy in Pakistan (3) nonalignment with the world powers (4) isolationism in international commerce

Détente86. Base your answer to the following question on the list below and on your knowledge of social studies.Selected Cold War Events Berlin blockade (1948-1949) Premier Khrushchev's visit to the United States (1959) Cuban missile crisis (1962) Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963) Joint Apollo-Soyuz space mission (1975) Russian invasion of Afghanistan (1979)

What does this list of events suggest about the Cold War Era?(1) Throughout the period, the United States and the Soviet Union were reluctant to solve conflicts. (2) The level of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union varied. (3) Economics played a key role in causing conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. (4) The United Nations was instrumental in reducing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.

10.6c The end of the Cold War and the collapse of the communist bloc in Europe had a global impact.

Glasnost and Perestroika

19. Which sequence of 20th-century Cold War events is in the correct chronological order?

(1) fall of the Berlin Wall Cuban missile crisis adoption of the Marshall Plan (2) Cuban missile crisis fall of the Berlin Wall adoption of the Marshall Plan (3) fall of the Berlin Wall adoption of the Marshall Plan Cuban missile crisis (4) adoption of the Marshall Plan Cuban missile crisis fall of the Berlin Wall


What is the main idea of the cartoon?(1) Eastern European satellite nations have been a liability to the Soviet Union. (2) The Soviet Union produces more industrial goods than China produces. (3) The standard of living in Communist nations needs improvement. (4) Most communistic nations are wealthier than capitalistic nations.


What is the main idea of this 1997 cartoon?(1) South Korea has more mineral resources than North Korea. (2) South Korea has flourished while North Korea is struggling to survive. (3) North Koreans have chosen to separate themselves from the South

Koreans. (4) North Korea was devastated by the war with South Korea.


What is the main idea of this 1991 cartoon about Mikhail Gorbachev, the former leader of the Soviet Union?

(1) He took away many freedoms. (2) He supported the arms race and the Cold War. (3) He encouraged many political changes. (4) He stopped many attempts at reform.


Which is a valid conclusion based on this 1990 cartoon?(1) Communism was failing as an economic system in the Soviet Union. (2) Economic changes within the Soviet Union were leading to the death of

capitalism. (3) Gorbachev's economic reforms were intended to reverse the earlier Soviet policy of national health insurance. (4) The Soviet Union was investing heavily in medical technology.

Base your answers to questions 123 and 124 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

123. In which nation did the historical event referred to in the cartoon occur?(1) Cuba (2) Vietnam (3) the Soviet Union(4) China

Base your answers to questions 130 and 131 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

130. Which new policies, developed by Mikhail Gorbachev, led to the situation referred to in this 1996 cartoon?

(1) Pan-Slavism and orthodoxy (2) terror and censorship (3) autocracy and nationalism (4) glasnost and perestroika

132. Base your answer to question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Which event is shown in this cartoon?(1) Parisians attacking the Bastille prison and starting the French Revolution (2) Allied soldiers tearing down walls in concentration camps after World War

II (3) Germans destroying the Berlin Wall symbolizing the collapse of

communism in Europe (4) Koreans breaking through the Great Wall of China

135. Base your answer to the following question on the photograph below and on your knowledge of social studies.

This 1989 photograph symbolizes the(1) end of the Cold War (2) importance of the Berlin airlift (3) creation of a divided Germany (4) fear of Nazism among Germans

136. Base your answer to the following question on the graphic organizer below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Which title would best fit this graphic organizer?(1) Capitalism in Full Retreat (2) Collapse of the Soviet Union (3) Formation of the Warsaw Pact (4) Buildup of the Cold War


What is the main idea of this 1991 cartoon?(1) The unification of Germany has been hurt by poor leadership in the country. (2) The economic differences between East and West Germany have limited the growth of the total German economy. (3) East Germany's strong economy has strengthened a united Germany. (4) Both East Germany and West Germany have contributed equally to the new economy of a reunified Germany.

143. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the graph?(1) Prior to reunification, East Germany was economically stronger than West Germany. (2) Women in East Germany were poor workers. (3) A reunified Germany has had problems with steadily increasing unemployment rates. (4) The unemployment rate for women was declining in West Germany.


The situation shown in this 1989 cartoon was brought about in part by the(1) use of military force by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (2) discontent among nationalist groups in the Soviet Union (3) willingness of Western nations to undertake the Berlin airlift (4) friction between the Soviet Union and China


What is the main theme of this cartoon from the early 1990s?(1) The fragmentation of Eastern Europe continues. (2) Western Europe is investing heavily in Eastern Europe. (3) Free-enterprise zones continue to be created throughout Eastern Europe. (4) Nation-states no longer exist in Eastern Europe.


Which event in the early 1990's resulted in the formation of the six new nations shown on the map?

(1) unification of Eastern European ethnic groups (2) dismantling of the Berlin Wall (3) collapse of the Soviet Union (4) resolution of long-standing border disputes

This 1995 cartoon is suggesting that Communism(1) has no appeal in Russia (2) still dominates the Russian government (3) may return if democracy fails in Russia (4) is the best system for the Russian people


The main idea of this 1990s cartoon is that Russia is(1) deciding between a capitalist or a communist system (2) attempting to restore military power (3) expressing concern about how the rest of the world views its government (4) maintaining a balance between a civilian and a military government


The main idea of this 1992 cartoon is that(1) Communism continues to threaten Western democratic nations (2) Communism is losing its influence throughout the world (3) Communist governments succeed best in nations with high standards of

living (4) most nations in Asia still follow the ideas of Marx and Lenin


This 1992 cartoon refers to Russia's(1) constant fear of invasion from the West (2) tendency to establish totalitarian rule during a crisis (3) attempts to settle foreign policy disputes (4) current difficulty in establishing economic reforms

66. The goal of Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies of perestroika and glasnost was to(1) expand collectivization and communes (2) resume development of Soviet nuclear weapons (3) stimulate economic growth and political discussion (4) stop expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) into

Eastern Europe

97. Reunification of East and West GermanyRestructuring of the economy of the former Soviet Union Eastern Europe's extensive political changesWhich is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from a study of these events of the late 1980s and early 1990s?

(1) The former Soviet Union succeeded in isolating its satellites from Western influences. (2) The United Nations forced Communist leaders to accept changes. (3) Communist leaders used new strategies to win the cold war. (4) Communism did not succeed as a workable political and economic system in Europe.

102. Mikhail Gorbachev contributed to the fall of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe by

(1) introducing the policies of perestroika and glasnost (2) violating nuclear arms agreements (3) invading Afghanistan (4) signing the Camp David Accords

103. One way in which Vladimir Lenin's New Economic Policy and Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of perestroika are similar is that both

(1) allowed elements of capitalism within a communist economic system (2) strengthened their country's military defenses (3) supported censorship of news and of personal correspondence (4) increased tensions during the Cold War

104. Which action occurred in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev?(1) Peasants were forced onto collective farms. (2) Citizens experienced more personal freedoms under glasnost. (3) The United States and the Soviet Union ended diplomatic relations. (4) The Soviet government increased its control over the Orthodox Church.

105. Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms of perestroika and glasnost resulted in(1) an era of world peace and Soviet prosperity (2) conditions that helped lead to the breakup of the Soviet Union (3) a successful transition to a command economy in Russia (4) censorship of the news media in Russia

106. One reason Mikhail Gorbachev implemented the policies of glasnost and perestroika in the Soviet Union was to

(1) eliminate freedom of speech and press (2) destroy the power of the opposition party (3) dominate the governments of Eastern Europe (4) encourage political discussion and economic reform

107. In the 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev’s attempts to change the Soviet Union resulted in

(1) an increase in tensions between India and the Soviet Union (2) a strengthening of the Communist Party (3) a shift from producing consumer goods to producing heavy machinery (4) a series of economic and political reforms

108. ". . . The Communist party of the Soviet Union has been and remains a natural and inalienable part of social forces. Their cooperation will make it possible to attain the ultimate goal of Perestroika: to renew our society within the framework of the socialist choice, along the lines of advance to a humane democratic socialism. . . ."Which leader would most likely have made this statement?

(1) Kwame Nkrumah (2) Mohandas Gandhi (3) Benito Mussolini (4) Mikhail Gorbachev

109. In the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev, the trend toward private ownership of businesses represented a move away from

(1) a traditional economy (2) a command economy (3) a free-market economy (4) laissez-faire economics

110. Mikhail Gorbachev instituted the policies of glasnost and perestroika to(1) reinforce the basic economic principles of Communism (2) bring the Soviet Union into the European Economic Community (3) reform the Soviet Union politically and economically (4) gain acceptance for free political elections

111. "By gently pushing open the gates of reform, he unleashed a democratic flood that wiped out the Soviet universe and washed away the Cold War."This statement most likely describes the actions of

(1) Ruhollah Khomeini (2) Ho Chi Minh (3) Pol Pot (4) Mikhail Gorbachev

113. During the 1980s in the Soviet Union, a major element of the economic policy of perestroika was

(1) increased collectivization of farms (2) more reliance on local and regional decision-making (3) the expanded use of national five-year plans (4) an emphasis on the redistribution of wealth

114. During the 1980s, the Soviet Union experimented with modifications of its command economy by

(1) eliminating central planning (2) allowing private ownership of major industries (3) introducing some market economy strategies (4) legalizing independent trade unions

115. A major development in relations between the Soviet Union and the United States occurred in the late 1980s when the two nations agreed to

(1) purchase all their oil from Mexico (2) withdraw from the United Nations (3) eliminate a group of nuclear missiles (4) ban arms sales to developing nations

116. "The Soviet people want a clear perspective . . . unconditional democracy . . . Glasnost in all things, big and small . . . respect for hard work . . . and faithful service for the cause and the good of society."The main idea of this quotation is that

(1) the political system of a Communist nation cannot be changed (2) foreign aid is needed to achieve economic stability (3) the nation has been damaged by civil unrest (4) both the government and the people must make major changes

117. Which economic policy of the Soviet Union in the 1980s was most different from the economic policies of Stalin?

(1) government ownership of the means of production (2) the development of heavy industry (3) central planning of basic economic decisions (4) private management of some businesses

118. In the Soviet Union, Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) and Gorbachev's policy of perestroika were similar in that each

(1) included some practices of capitalism (2) rejected central government involvement in the economy (3) established a series of Five-Year Plans for economic growth (4) linked economic growth to military strength

119. During the 1980s Mikhail Gorbachev introduced perestroika in the Soviet Union to

(1) improve the economy and decentralize decision making (2) abandon arms treaties with the United States and Western Europe (3) tighten government controls over the communication media (4) suppress the growing nationalist movements in Eastern Europe

120. During the Presidency of Mikhail Gorbachev, which problem faced the Soviet Union?

(1) Ethnic minorities demanded the right of self-determination. (2) Agricultural production grew faster than food consumption. (3) The nations of Eastern Europe insisted that the Soviet Union keep troops in Eastern Europe. (4) Western European nations refused to trade with the Soviet Union.

125. During the late 1980s in the Soviet Union, the policy of perestroika was an attempt to solve economic problems by

(1) introducing elements of capitalism into the Soviet economy (2) limiting imports into the Soviet Union (3) relying more heavily on central planning of the Soviet economy (4) cutting back the amount of credit given to small businesses

126. The events that led to the overthrow of Czar Nicholas II in 1917 and to the forced resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991 show that

(1) economic crises often lead to political change (2) Russian absolutism continued into the 1990s (3) international conflicts often strengthen the power of leaders (4) Russia is an ethnically unified nation

127. One similarity between V. I. Lenin's New Economic Policy of the early 1920s and Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika policy of the late 1980s was that they both

(1) stimulated agricultural and industrial production by implementing some elements of Capitalism (2) reduced Russia's trade deficit by importing more grain from Canada

(3) prevented foreign economic competition by imposing high tariffs (4) expanded trade into newly acquired colonies

128. In the late 1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev's decision to stop interfering in the internal affairs of Eastern European nations led directly to

(1) the collapse of the free-market economies in the region (2) an increase in Cold War tensions (3) a renewal of religious violence between Orthodox Christians and Russian

Jews (4) the collapse of the communist governments in the region

129. One similarity between V. I. Lenin's New Economic Policy and Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of perestroika is that both policies

(1) supported collectivization of farms in the Soviet Union (2) allowed some aspects of Capitalism in the Soviet economy (3) increased citizen participation in the Soviet Government (4) strengthened governmental control over the Soviet Republics

167. What has the end of communism in the Soviet Union caused many countries in Eastern Europe to do?

(1) shift to a command economy (2) maintain a communist form of government (3) pursue free-market economic policies (4) join the Warsaw Pact

170. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, Russia has attempted to build an economic system based on

(1) a return to feudalism (2) the ideas of Marx and Lenin (3) the writings of Mao Zedong (4) a free-market system

173. One reason for the collapse of the Communist economic system in Eastern Europe during the early 1990s was that this system

(1) lacked adequate incentives to maintain high productivity (2) used the principles of mercantilism (3) encouraged laissez-faire practices and policies (4) relied on the outdated law of supply and demand

Self Determination After the Cold War

157. After the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Soviet Union, new nations were formed.

(1) New nations are generally too poor and weak to become active members of the United Nations. (2) New nations rarely use their limited resources to wage war. (3) National and ethnic differences often lead to instability and violence in new nations. (4) Self-determination generally leads to democratic forms of government in new nations.

158. Changes in the political borders of Eastern European countries during the 1990s were a result of the

(1) failure of communism (2) expansion of the Warsaw Pact (3) end of free trade (4) decline of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

159. In 1989 and 1990, Lithuania's declaration of independence, the overthrow of Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceausescu, and the election of Lech Walesa as Poland's President reflected

(1) the continued strength of the Warsaw Pact (2) the movement toward policies of self-determination in Eastern Europe (3) an increased military role for Russia in this region (4) the polarization of the nations of Eastern and Western Europe

163. "The Soviet Union Splits into 15 Republics""Yugoslavia Experiences Internal Conflict" "Germany Reunifies"Which conclusion do these three headlines suggest?

(1) Communism remains an important force in Europe. (2) Many Western European nations are experiencing civil war (3) International sanctions strengthen a nation's ability to govern. (4) The forces of nationalism can either divide or unite a nation.

164. In the early 1990s, Czechoslovakia drew the attention of the world when it(1) expanded its territory south into Bosnia-Herzegovina (2) divided into two independent nations in a peaceful manner (3) became the first nation to rejoin the Warsaw Pact

(4) resisted a United Nations invasion of Slovakia

Fall of the Berlin Wall133. During the Cold War, which event occurred last?

(1) Cuban missile crisis (2) destruction of the Berlin Wall (3) Berlin airlift (4) launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union

134. The destruction of the Berlin Wall and the breakup of the Soviet Union signify the

(1) end of the Cold War (2) collapse of the Taliban (3) strength of the Warsaw Pact (4) power of the European Union

137. The destruction of the Berlin Wall in 1989 is symbolic of the(1) end of the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe (2) declining power of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (3) fall of the Weimar Republic (4) collapse of the European Union

138. Which is a valid statement about the reunification of East and West Germany in 1990?

(1) East German prosperity made reunification desirable for West Germany. (2) Reunification was linked to the withdrawal of United States forces from Western Europe. (3) Reunification occurred despite concerns by other European nations over the power of a united Germany. (4) A reunified Germany promised to withdraw from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

139. The unification of Germany in 1990 symbolized the(1) rise of religious fundamentalist leaders (2) collapse of collective security pacts (3) failure of a Communist system (4) rejection of democratic principles

140. The destruction of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany in 1990 are events that symbolize the

(1) end of the Cold War Era (2) end of democracy in Germany (3) fall of Nazi power in Germany (4) increased influence of the Warsaw Pact

142. The end of the Cold War is best symbolized by the(1) establishment of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan (2) formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Common Market (3) withdrawal of United Nations forces from Somalia and from Kuwait (4) destruction of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany

Command Economy vs. Capitalist Economy

90. Which statement describes one major aspect of a command economy?(1) Supply and demand determines what will be produced. (2) Most economic decisions are made by the government. (3) The means of production are controlled by labor unions. (4) The economy is mainly agricultural.

92. What is a key principle of a market economy?(1) The means of production are controlled by the state. (2) Supply and demand determine production and price. (3) Employment opportunities are determined by social class. (4) Businesses are owned by the people collectively.

93. • The state sets the price of consumer goods.• A factory manager meets production quotas for the month.• A central planning agency determines wages for agricultural workers.Which type of economy is illustrated by these statements?(1) market (2) command (3) traditional (4) laissez-faire

94. "A group of planners makes all economic decisions. The group assigns natural, human, and capital resources to the production of those goods and services it wants. The group decides how to produce them and to whom to distribute them."

This description best applies to the(1) manorial economy of feudal Europe (2) mercantile economy of 18th-century Europe (3) command economy of the Soviet Union (4) market economy of the United States

95. Which is generally a characteristic of a Communist economy?(1) Investment is encouraged by the promise of large profits. (2) The role of government in the economy is restricted by law. (3) Government agencies are involved in production planning. (4) Entrepreneurs sell shares in their companies to the government.

98. Which statement best describes how a command economy functioned in the Soviet Union?

(1) The laws of supply and demand controlled the economy. (2) Trade policies mandated that imports exceed exports. (3) The success of the agricultural sector controlled the price of

manufactured goods. (4) A central authority determined the type and quantity of goods to be

produced.

forest hills high school · web view2019/04/07 · 43. in 1968, the areas labeled estonian ssr,...

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