forest harvesting methods
DESCRIPTION
Forest Harvesting Methods. Clear Cutting. This is the method most used ALL the trees in a certain area are cut down The stumps and underbrush that is left behind is burned. Trees Most Often Clear Cut. Pine Douglas fir. Advantages of Clear Cutting. Cheap - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Forestry Industry in Canada
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Vocabulary
• Coniferous trees• Deciduous trees• Pulp and paper• Directly• Indirectly• Stump • Underbrush• Efficient
• Replant• Repopulate • Checkerboard• Reseed• Alternating• Chainsaw• Perpendicular
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Forest Facts
• Forests cover close to half of Canada’s total land area– 10% of all the world’s forests are in Canada
• Only Russia and Brazil have more forests than Canada
• 63% of our forest is coniferous• 22% of our forest is deciduous• 15% of our forest is a mix of both coniferous and
deciduous
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Value of Forestry in Canada
• One out of every 16 jobs in Canada depends on forestry
• The forestry industry produces lumber, pulp and paper, and other forest products worth about $80 billion per year
• 360,000 Canadian jobs are directly from forestry operations
• 500,000 more jobs are indirectly from forestry operations
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Value of Forests
• Trees and other plants absorb and use the carbon dioxide in the air in the same way we use oxygen.
• They also give off oxygen in the same way we give off carbon dioxide.
• Plants and animals should balance each other to keep our environment stable.
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Value of Forests
• When we pollute our atmosphere, we rely on trees and other plants to clean the air.
• If we cut down too many trees, they cannot handle all the carbon dioxide we put into the air.
• The air becomes more and more polluted, and people’s health becomes threatened.
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HARVESTING METHODS
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Clear Cutting• What happens? ALL
the trees in an area are cut down.
• This is the method used most often.
• The stumps and underbrush that is left behind is burned so that new trees will have a chance to grow.
Tree stump
Tree
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Advantages of Clear Cutting
• Cheap
• Efficient (easiest, fastest method)
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Disadvantages of Clear Cutting
• Has to be replanted by hand (takes time and is expensive)
• If left unplanted, the soil will erode
• If we take more trees than we need, we will have more problems with pollution
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Selective Cutting
• What happens? – Only a few trees in an
area are cut down– All other trees are left
alone– Several men are needed:
one man cuts the tree while several men hold ropes so they can slowly lower the tree to the ground.
Tree stump
Tree
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Advantage of Selective Cutting
• When the larger trees are taken away, the smaller trees have a better chance to grow.
• By only taking the trees that are needed, the forest is protected and can help clean the air.
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Disadvantages of Selective Cutting
• Takes a lot of time• Other trees get in the
way and make the job harder
• More expensive
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Seed Tree Cutting
• What happens?–Almost all the
trees in an area are cut down. Only a few are – The few trees
provide seeds to repopulate the area
Tree stump
Tree
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Seed Tree Cutting
Advantages• Cheap and efficient• The company does not need
to plant new trees by hand
Disadvantages • It takes a long time for trees
to grow from seeds• If only a few trees are
providing the seeds, the genetic diversity of the forest becomes smaller.– This means that if the forest
gets a disease, all the trees will die because they are all from the same genetic family
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Patch Logging
• What happens? Trees are cut down in a checkerboard pattern.• The parts that are
cut down are clear cut Tree stump
Tree
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Advantages of Patch Logging
• Because so many trees are left behind, the forest reseeds itself naturally• It is cheaper than selective cutting
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Disadvantages of Patch Logging
• New roads have to be built to get to each section of the “checkerboard”• This is expensive and takes a lot of
time• After the logging is finished, the
roads are no longer used, but they are cut right through the forest (ugly)
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Strip Logging• What happens? A cutter
uses a chainsaw to cut strips of trees in alternating rows
• Allows the cutter to choose to only cut the trees he wants, or to cut the whole strip
• The strips should be cut perpendicular to the wind to prevent erosion
Tree stump
Tree
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Advantages of Strip Logging
• The forest naturally reseeds itself• It is cheaper and easier than patch
logging• Not as many roads need to be built
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Disadvantages of Strip Logging
• Really bad erosion can happen in the strips that are cut down