foreign policy by: annelise buck, michael richardson, and robert middleton
TRANSCRIPT
Foreign Policy
By: Annelise Buck, Michael Richardson, and Robert Middleton
Foreign Policy
Goal Definition Peace and healthy,
beneficial relationships with other countries
Involves making choices about relations with the rest of the world
Includes diplomatic, military, and economic goals, actors, and actions
Who is involved? Who are the global players in foreign
policy? International Organizations like the UN,
International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization
Regional Organizations like NATO, European Union
Multinational Corporations Nongovernmental Organizations Terrorists Individuals
Who is involved? Who are the players in foreign policy in the U.S.
Government?
PresidentCongressOther AgenciesDiplomatsDirector of national intelligence
Foreign Policy Continuum
Isolationism
Neutrality
Foreign Aid
Diplomacy
Economic Sanctions
Political Pressure (Collective Security)
Blockade (No Fly Zone)
Military Intervention (Drones, Covert Action, Police Action)
Declared War
A History of Foreign Policy 1800-1868—Isolationism
1803-The Louisiana Purchase 1812- War of 1812 1823-Monroe Doctrine 1848- Mexican War 1861- Civil War
1870-1917—Imperialism 1872- America acquires Samoan Islands 1875- Treaty with Hawaii 1898- Spanish-American War 1899- Open Door Policy between China and U.S. 1901- Panama Canal 1904- Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine 1907- second Hague Conference
A History of Foreign Policy Continued 1917-1945—try to remain neutral, but end up fighting in two
world wars 1917- U.S. enters WWI 1919-1933- return to isolationist policy/ Great Depression 1927- Kellogg-Briand Treaty aims to outlaw war 1933- Franklin Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy with Latin America 1939-1941- Neutrality Acts/ Agreement to lend-lease policy with Allies in
WWII 1941- Pearl Harbor attacked, we enter WWII 1945- Atomic Age (Bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima)/ end WWII
1945-1962- End WWII, Begin Cold War 1947- Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan 1948- U.S. helps Berlin 1949- NATO signed by Western countries, Warsaw Pact by Eastern
Countries 1950- China becomes communist—Begin Korean War 1957- Eisenhower Doctrine 1960- Castro takes over Cuba—communism 1961- Bay of Pigs fails in Cuba/ Berlin Wall Built 1962- Cuban Missile Crisis
A History of Foreign Policy Continued 1962-1978– Vietnam War & Détente
1962- American troops sent to Vietnam as advisors 1963- Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1964- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 1968- Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty 1969- Nixon’s Vietnamization Policy 1970- Secret bombing of Cambodia revealed; students shot at Kent State 1972- Nixon visits China, period of détente between Soviet Union and U.S.,
negotiation of arms control treaty 1973- Peace treaty with North Vietnam 1976- Nuclear Test Pact—limits underground tests
1978-1987—Cold War 1978- Camp David—peace between Egypt and Israel 1979-American embassy personnel held hostage by Iranians 1983- U.S. invades Grenade/ Terrorist attack on U.S. Marines in Beirut 1985- meeting between Gorbachev and Reagan 1986- Iran-Contra Affair uncovered 1987- Nuclear Arms Treaty signed
A History of Foreign Policy Continued 1987- Present—Cold War Ends/ Involvement in Middle East
1989- Berlin Wall falls—communism ends in Germany, Poland, Hungary
1990- Communism ends in Soviet Union—Germany reunited 1991- U.S. defeats Iraq in Persian Gulf War/ Yeltsin new leader of
Russia, Soviet Republics gain independence 1994- Trade embargo ended with North Vietnam/ troops occupy Haiti
to promote democracy 1995- Peace between Bosnia, Serbia, and Croatia—NATO and U.S.
troops sent 1997- Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia join NATO 1998- 2 American embassies destroyed by American bombs—air
strikes on Afghanistan and Sudan in retaliation 1999- Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty defeated in Senate 2000- Peace in Middle East broken by Israel and Palestine 2001- September 11th—invasion of Afghanistan & removes Taliban
from power 2003- invasion of Iraq—removes Saddam Hussein from power 2004-U.S. gives sovereignty to Iraq—large peacekeeping force there
Foreign Policy Today Iraq
Hope to soon pull responsibly out of Iraq, democracy, terrorism
Afghanistan Kill Al Qaeda leaders/weaken their cause, withdraw troops by 2012,
terrorism
Iran Nuclear non-proliferation, human rights, terrorism
North Korea Nuclear non-proliferation
Russia Nuclear nonproliferation, building a relationship
Africa Democracy, human rights, aid, Darfur, poverty, oil Libya, Egypt uprisings—promote democracy
China Energy, climate change, human rights, trade, economic issues
Foreign Policy Today India
Human rights, poverty, aid, trade
Middle East Peace for Israel and an establishment of Israel and a Palestinian
state, Oil relationships with Saudi Arabia
Western Europe Keep healthy and beneficial alliances
South America Immigration problems, trade
Background Information About Immigration to the US
Problem
Problems of immigration:Policy of benign neglectWeakens national securityEffects the economy negatively
Burden on schools and hospitals
Problem: Continued Advantages of immigration
Documented immigrants paying taxes add 88,000 dollars yearly to the economy
Documented immigrants paying into Social Security added 463 billion dollars to the system
Cultural additions Low cost labor is feeding, clothing, cleaning,
restaurant workers, building houses and caring for the elderly
Current U.S. Birthright Code
U.S. Birthright Code states: The following shall be nationals and
citizens of the United States at birth: (a) a person born in the United
States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof; Many immigrants use this to stay in the United
States and have their children be U.S. citizens Gain many more opportunities
Resolution The problem with the current birthright laws is that it allows any
undocumented immigrants to come into the United States and have children, who are then technically US citizens because of where they are born. This law acts as an incentive for illegal immigrant mothers to come into the US and have their children. We believe a resolution is needed to fix the problem with this law.
Amnesty would be granted for all illegal immigrants currently in the United States.
The Birthright Law would be changed to not allow citizenship based on whether or not a child is born in the United States If a child’s mother is an illegal immigrant, and gives birth to a
child while in the US, this child is not a US citizen. In order for a child to become a US citizen based on
birthright, the child’s mother must be a legal US citizen or at least a legal resident (green card/student)
If the child and mother wish to become US citizens, they must go through the necessary, legal routes.
Who carries it out? National Government Policy Action: (what we plan to do in
our resolution) Committees named above will debate and write legislation
regarding how to regulate and implement the new policy Department of Homeland Security (cabinet department) will
implement policy and carry out enforcement Budgetary impact:
All immigrants granted amnesty will become new taxpaying citizens Protecting the border and preventing illegal immigration would have
the same cost as it does now.
US Immigration and Customs Enforcement is the main branch of the Department of Homeland Security that deals with preventing illegal immigration.
Director of ICE is John Morton.
Who carries it out? Senate/House Committees that deal with illegal
immigration: Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control Department of Homeland Security US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Citizenship
State agencies State courts hear many immigration-related cases Police/border patrol
Employers E-verify—make mandatory Employers will be offered incentives to have an illegal
immigrant-free staff
Winners and Losers Winners of amnesty for illegal
immigrants/abolishment of birthright codes: Illegal workers The Illegal unemployed Employers School systems Hospitals American citizens
Winners and Losers Losers of amnesty for illegal
immigrants/abolishment of birthright codes American citizens without high school
diplomas Legal residents that are high school
graduates Nurses, teachers, caregivers Children who may have been born here
to illegal parents Latin America
Globally Those who lose a part of the population to
immigration Have less people to support and less people living
in poverty, less mouths to feed Could result in less people in the workforce
Those who gain people due to immigration More people to support, crowding Lowers prices—more people in the workforce (but
reduces jobs for current citizens) Depends on country whether it is a net gain or
loss
Discussion Questions How do you think the problem of illegal
immigration should be solved? Better border control, etc.
Do you agree with granting amnesty to illegal immigrants currently residing in the United States?
Do you agree with the abolishment of the birthright codes?
Do you think it is the job of states or the federal government to make policy on illegal immigration?
Do you think the Arizona law that allows policemen to ask suspicious people for their papers should be enacted as a federal law? Do you think it promotes racism?
Supplemental Reading http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/0
6/poll-shows-age-gap-in-g-o-p-on-immigration/?scp=6&sq=amnesty%20for%20immigrants&st=cse
Why do you think older Republicans do not support the combined approach?
Why is this political party so divided on this issue?
Where do you think the Democrats would stand?
What would your approach be? The combined or one of the plans alone? Or something different?
Bibliography http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/foreign-policy
Textbook
AP Barron’s Book
http://www.cairco.org/data/quick_facts.html
http://www.cairco.org/info/background.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_illegal_immigrants_in_the_United_States
http://www.martynemko.com/articles/immigration-reforms-winners-and-losers-in-workplace_id1278
http://azstar.analysisonline.org/site/aoarticle_display.asp?sec_id=140002434&news_id=140001400&issue_id=1
http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/8/1401.html