Foreign and Domestic Foreign and Domestic PolicyPolicy

DefinitionsDefinitions

Foreign Policy:– Refers to actions or engagements that occur OUTSIDE of

The United States (say, Afghanistan). If ANYTHING is labeled “Foreign” it means dealing with something OUTSIDE of the U.S.

Domestic Policy: Refers to actions or engagements that occur INSIDE The United

States. If ANYTHING is labeled “Domestic” it means dealing with something Inside the U.S.

Foreign PolicyForeign PolicyPrimary Duties are split between Executive and

Legislative Branches.

Who is the Chief Diplomat in the United States?President. S/he negotiates treaties with foreign

countries (military/peace/economic).

How does the Legislative Branch get involved?They must APPROVE the Treaty for it to be legal.

Which House of Congress approves treaties?Senate.

United States Foreign policyUnited States Foreign policyIsolationism is the policy of avoiding

conflict with foreign nations by limiting foreign relations. For the first 170 years or so of the history of the United States, the U.S. government tried to stay out of foreign affairs. Instead the nation tried to focus on its own issues and problems. This did not always work out.

United States Foreign policyUnited States Foreign policyNeutrality is the

idea of the government not getting involved in a foreign conflict. To stay out of a war or not choose sides.

United States Foreign policyUnited States Foreign policyA doctrine in foreign policy

is a statement of how the government is planning on acting toward foreign governments in certain situations. The U.S. had the Monroe Doctrine for about 100 years. This stated that the U.S. would treat any European involvement in Latin American matters as an act of aggression and war.

United States Foreign policyUnited States Foreign policyA corollary is a statement

that follows as a natural or logical result. What logically followed the Monroe Doctrine was the Roosevelt Corollary. This statement said that the U.S. would get involved in the matters of any Latin American country if they could not govern themselves.

United States Foreign policyUnited States Foreign policy Dollar diplomacy was the name given to the policy of

sending American troops to protect private American financial interests in unstable Latin American countries.

Because using American troops in neighboring countries did not make those countries happy with the U.S., President Franklin Roosevelt decided in 1933 to adopt a “Good Neighbor Policy” which stopped American military involvement in Latin American countries.

Timeline of American foreign policyTimeline of American foreign policyTIME

PERIODFOREIGN POLICY

APPROACHWAR or PEACE?

RESULT

1776-1783 War of Independence WAR US gains Independence from Great Britain

1783-1812 Isolationism (Neutrality) Peace Establishing the Nation

1812-1815 War of 1812 WAR U.S. protects its economic & political rights

1815-1846 Isolationism/ Monroe Doctrine Peace Westward Expansion

1846-1848 Mexican War WAR The U.S. gains more territory to allow westward expansion

1848-1898 Isolationism (Neutrality) / Monroe Doctrine

Peace with Neighbors

Long period of Monroe Doctrine and Isolationism and distracted by the Civil War, 1861-1865

1898 The Spanish-American War WAR Protected U.S. influence in the Western Hemisphere

1898-1915 Isolationism (Neutrality) Peace Trying to stay out of global conflict (The Roosevelt Corollary)

1915-1919 World War I WAR U.S. pulled into WWI and became a Global Player

1919-1941 Isolationism (Neutrality) Peace Trying to stay out of global conflict (The Good Neighbor Policy)

1941-1945 World War II WAR U.S. pulled into WWII and became a Global Player

1945-1991 The Cold War Peace(sort of)

The U.S. was in an international standoff and power struggle with the Soviet Union. Tried to contain Communism and keep the balance of

power. The U.S. joins NATO and the UN.

23.123.1THE THREE BRANCHES OF THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT AND FOREIGN GOVERNMENT AND FOREIGN POLICYPOLICY

The three branches of government and The three branches of government and foreign policyforeign policy

The Legislature– The Senate ratifies (or confirms) treaties with other

countries by a 2/3 vote. The Executive

– The President is Commander-in-Chief of the military.– The President’s advisor, the Secretary of State, helps

manage relations with foreign countries.– The President appoints ambassadors to foreign countries.

The Judiciary– The Supreme Court has the power to interpret treaties

ratified by the Senate.

23.223.2THE COLD WARTHE COLD WAR

The cold warThe cold warThe United Nations (UN) was

created after World War II in order to help prevent future wars and conflict. There are 193 member nations and they meet to coordinate peaceful solutions to global issues such as war, starvation, disease, poverty, and natural disasters.

The cold warThe cold warCommunism is an

economic and political system in which the means of production of food and other items are owned and controlled by the government.

Satellite nations are countries that are controlled by another country.

The cold warThe cold war Containment was the U.S. policy

of stopping the spread of communism by influencing other countries to be friendly to the democratic U.S. and not the communist Soviet Union.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is a military alliance organization that was originally created to protect against the threat of the Soviet Union and the spread of communism.

The cold warThe cold warThe Cold War represented a

balance of power between the US and the Soviet Union. A balance of power is when countries are about equal in strength.

The balance of power was tested and became very tense (almost causing an actual war) in 1962 during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

The cold warThe cold war A limited war was fought between

noncommunist nations and communist nations between 1951 and 1973. A limited war is a war where countries do not use all of their military power (especially not nuclear weapons) in fighting against their enemies. The Korean War (1951-1953) and the Vietnam War (1954-1975) are examples of limited wars.

The cold warThe cold war In 1985, a détente, or

lessening of tensions (between the U.S. and the USSR) was announced by the Soviet Union as their empire began to collapse economically and politically. By 1991, the USSR was no more and became divided into many different nations.