ford global techs. v. new world int'l - complaint

8/9/2019 Ford Global Techs. v. New World Int'l - Complaint

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN

FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES,

LLC,

Plaintiff,

v.

NEW WORLD INTERNATIONAL

INC., AUTO LIGHTHOUSE PLUS,

LLC, and UNITED COMMERCE

CENTERS, INC.

Defendants.

Case No. _________

JURY TRIAL DEMANDED

COMPLAINT FOR PATENTINFRINGEMENT

2:15-cv-10394-AJT-MKM Doc # 1 Filed 01/29/15 Pg 1 of 33 Pg


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Plaintiff Ford Global Technologies, LLC (FGTL) by and th

undersigned counsel, as and for its Complaint against defenda

Commerce Centers, Inc., New World International Inc., and Auto Ligh

LLC (collectively, Defendants) alleges as follows:

I. THE PARTIES

1.

Ford Global Technologies LLC (hereinafter FGTL) i

liability company organized and existing under the laws of the State o

having a principal place of business at 330 Townsend Drive, Suite

Dearborn, MI 48126.

2. On information and belief, Defendant United Commerce C

(hereinafter UCC) is a Texas Corporation, with a principal place of

1720 E. State Highway 356, Irving, TX 75060.

3. On information and belief, UCC is doing business as N

International.

4. On information and belief, Peter Tsai is registered agen

and treasurer of UCC and Grace Tsai is Director, Vice President and S



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5.

On information and belief, Defendant New World Intern

(hereinafter NWI)is a Texas Corporation, with a principal place of

1720 E. State Highway 356, Irving, TX 75060. New World is the d/b/a

6. On information and belief, Peter Tsai is also known as Ya

and is married to Grace Tsai also known as Li Hung Tsai (Chiang).

7. On information and belief, Yao Hwa (Peter) Tsai is the

agent, President and Director of NWI, and Grace Tsai is the Vice P

NWI.

8. On information and belief, Defendant Auto Lighthouse

(hereinafter Auto Lighthouse), is a limited liability company org

existing under the laws of the State of Texas, having a principal place

at 1720 E. State Highway 356, Irving, TX 75060.

9. On information and belief, Grace Tsai is registered age

Lighthouse, Peter Tsai is Secretary and Director, Joseph Tsai is Pr

Director, Daniel Tsai is Vice President and Director and Alice Tsai i

and Director.

10. On information and belief, Auto Lighthouse operates



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II. JURISDICTION AND VENUE

11.

This is an action for design patent infringement arising

patent laws of the United States, 35 U.S.C. 101 et seq.

12. The Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this action p

inter alia, 28 U.S.C. 1331 (federal question); and 28 U.S.C. 133

arising under the Patent Act).

13. Venue and personal jurisdiction are appropriate in this Cou

U.S.C. 1400 because Defendants have committed acts of infringem

District, and because a substantial part of the events giving rise to FGT

occurred in this District.

14. Defendants offer for sale and sell infringing goods

continental United States, including Michigan, through the activiti

Lighthouse Plus in operating at least two retail websites and two virtua

on Amazon and eBay.

15.

Counsel for New World has made representations in corr

about the relationship between Auto Lighthouse and New World an

sales made by Auto Lighthouse are related to sales made by Ne



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New World. So a sale by Auto Lighthouse necessarily means that New

already made a sale of the same part.

16. The websites and eBay and Amazon virtual storefronts of

offering for sale and selling infringing goods have been accessed in t

Michigan. The Internet operations of Defendants are highly activ

passive, permitting online purchase of goods for shipment to M

executable on-line transactions with an exchange of money and goods.

III. FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS

A. FGTLs Patents

17.

Ford Motor Company (hereinafter Ford) is a manuf

seller, inter alia, of automobiles and automotive parts.

18.

FGTL is a subsidiary of Ford Motor Company. FGTL

manages the intellectual property of Ford.

19.

FGTL has filed and been issued numerous design patents t

valuable intellectual property in its automobiles, and its automotive part

20. FGTL is the owner of the following U.S. Design Patents (

FGTL Design Patents in Suit)



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U.S. Patent No. Title For

D493,753 Exterior of Vehicle Hood 2004

D498,444 Front Bumper Fascia 200

D501,162 Front Bumper Fascia 200

D510,551 Hood 200

D539,448 Vehicle Taillamp 200

2004 Ford F-150

21. In 2003, Ford introduced a newly designed 2004 model F

shown below. In a design effort that spanned over two years and cost

dollars, Ford overhauled its exterior design.

22.

The 2004 F-150 design included, among other things, new

the vehicle headlamp, grille and hood.

23. Fords designers spent years meticulously crafting every d

designs they created To establish the design for each 2004 F-150 par



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headlamp, grille and hood. This multi-step process includes han

computer aided drafting, computer modeling, clay modeling and prot

This process was used to create aesthetically pleasing designs for the

parts.

24.

U.S. Patent No. D493,552 (the 552 patent), entitle

Headlamp,issued on July 27, 2004, names Craig Metros, Patrick Sch

Tyler Blake as inventors and is assigned to FGTL. A copy of the 5

attached as Exhibit A.

25. U.S. Patent No. D501685 (the 685 patent), entitled V

Lamp, issued on February 8, 2005, names Craig Metros, Jeffery Now

Schiavone, and Tyler Blake as inventors and is assigned to FGTL. A

685patent is attached as Exhibit B.

26. Alternative headlamp designs are offered for sale for use

150 vehicles that have a different aesthetic appearance than those cov

552 and 685patents.

27. U.S. Patent No. D496,890 (the 890 patent), entitle

Grill, issued on October 5, 2004, names Craig Metros, Patrick Sch



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28.

Alternative grille designs are offered for sale for use on 2

vehicles that have a different aesthetic appearance than those covered

patent.

29. U.S. Patent No. D489,299 (the 299 patent), entitled

Vehicle Hood, issued on May 4, 2004, names Craig Metros, Patrick

and Tyler Blake as inventors and is assigned to FGTL. A copy of the

is attached as Exhibit D.

30. U.S. Patent No. D493,753 (the 753 patent), entitled

Vehicle Hood, issued on August 3, 2004, names Craig Metros, Patrick

and Tyler Blake as inventors and is assigned to FGTL. A copy of the

is attached as Exhibit E.

31.

Alternative hood designs are offered for sale for use on


and 753 andpatents.

2005 Ford Mustang

32. In 2004, Ford introduced a newly designed 2005 Ford Mus

below. In a design effort that spanned over two years and cost million



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33.

The 2005 Mustang design included, among other things, n

for the front bumper fascia (two versions), hood and taillamp

34. Fords designers spent years meticulously crafting every d

designs they created. To establish the design for each 2005 Mustang

of Ford designers who are trained in the artistic field, worked for years

precise shape, contour, angles and dimensions of each individual part

step process was employed in the design of each part including the v

bumper fascia (two versions), hood and taillamp. This multi-step proc

hand sketches, computer aided drafting, computer modeling, clay mo

prototype parts. This process was used to create aesthetically pleasing

the parts of the 2005 Mustang.

35.

U.S. Patent No. D498,444 (the 444 patent), entitled Fro

Fascia, issued on November 16, 2004, names J C. Mays and Larry

inventors and is assigned to FGTL. A copy of the 444 patent is

Exhibit F.

36. U.S. Patent No. D501,162 (the 162 patent), entitled Fro

Fascia, issued on January 25, 2005, names J C. Mays and Larry E



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37.

In addition to the two alternative designs covered by th

162 patents, other alternative front bumper designs offered for sale

2005 Mustang vehicles provide a different aesthetic appearance.

38. U.S. Patent No. D510,551 (the 551 patent), entitled Ho

on October 11, 2005, names J.C. Mays and Larry Erickson as inven

assigned to FGTL. A copy of the 551 patent is attached as Exhibit H.

39. Alternative hood designs are offered for sale for use on 20


patent.

40. U.S. Patent No. D539,448 (the 448 patent), entitle

Taillamp, issued on March 27, 2007, names J C. Mays and Larry E

inventors and is assigned to FGTL. A copy of the 448 patent is

Exhibit I.

41. Alternative taillamp designs are offered for sale for us

Mustang vehicles that have a different aesthetic appearance than those

the 448 patent.

ITC Litigation



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within the United States after importation, of F-150 automotive parts th

FGTLs valid and enforceable design patents, including the 552 and

noted above.

2. On June 6, 2007, the United States International Trade C

entered a General Exclusion Order prohibiting the unlawful importation

certain automotive parts that infringe FGTLs design patents, includin

and 890 patents. Exhibit JGeneral Exclusion Order.

B.Defendants Infringing Activities

FGTLs Design Patents

3. Defendants are distributors and marketers of aftermarket

parts and accessories.

4. Upon information and belief, Defendants have had actual

of one or more of the FGTL Design Patents-in-Suit for many years.

5.

Upon information and belief, Defendants have had knowl

General Exclusion Order since 2007.

6. Despite this knowledge, Defendants have sold aftermark

the 2004 Ford F-150 and the 2005 Ford Mustang that infringe the FG



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7.

The Defendants have sold or offered for sale in the Un

Aftermarket Parts that were copied from Fords original equipm

covered by the FGTL Design Patents-in-Suit.

8. The Defendants Aftermarket Parts include an identical

design that was created through the use of computer-aided copying equi

9. The Defendants assert their Aftermarket Parts match th

Fords original equipment designs covered by the FGTL Design Patents

10. On Information and belief, Defendants operate at least

websites offering for sale aftermarket automotive parts,

autobodycarparts.com, autobodypartsnow.com, Quality-Parts.com

Parts.us, and auto_lighthouse eBay and Amazon online stores.

11.

Defendants are jointly and severally liable for infringem

FGTL Design Patents-in-Suit.

12. Upon information and belief, Defendants Aftermarket P

labeled as refurbished, salvaged or otherwise authorized by FG

licensee LKQ Corporation.

13. Starting at least as early as 2011, FGTL has made numero


2 15 10394 AJT MKM D # 1 Fil d 01/29/15 P 13 f 33 P


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September 28, 2011 letter to NWI from FGTL that includes a chart ide

of the FGTL Design Patents-In-Suit.

14. Defendants ignored FGTLs letter. On May 13, 2013, F

again to NWI indicating that New World International is still selling pa

by FGTLs design patentsand requesting acknowledgement Exhibit L

May 13, 2013 letter to NWI from FGTL.

15. On May 15, 2013, NWI responded to FGTLs letter on th

of UCC requesting additional information about the purchase, who re

sales of parts covered by FGTLs patents and requesting a list of FGT

Exhibit Mis the May 15, 2013 letter to FGTL.

16. On May 21, 2013, FGTLs counsel sent a letter to NWI

NWI parts covered by FGTLs patents that NWI had sold, and attach

list of FGTLs design patents. This list included the patents-in-suit. E

the May 21, 2013 letter.

17. On June 11, 2013, FGTLs counsel sent a letter to NWI

NWI had not agreed to refrain from selling parts covered by FGT

patents. Exhibit Ois the June 11, 2013 letter.


2 15 10394 AJT MKM D # 1 Fil d 01/29/15 P 14 f 33 P


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is the June 18, 2013 letter to FGTL. FGTL discovered that desp

assurances, websites associated with NWI were offering for sale pat

identified in FGTLs correspondence.

19. On November 13, 2013, FGTL wrote to NWI requesting

action to cease and desist sales of the unauthorized products from D

websites. FGTLs letter also included a chart listing hyperlinks to

website autobodycarparts.com where unauthorized products were offer

along with an identification of the model year vehicle, part and cor

FGTL patent, as shown below. Exhibit Q is the November 13, 201

complete chart.

Patent Vehicle Part AutoBodyCarParts.com

D493753 2004 F-150 Exterior ofVehicle Hood

http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-

pickup-2004-2004-hood-panel-assy-alumi26272

D496890 2004 F-150 Grille http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-pickup-2004-2004-grille-assy-xl-xlt-lariathoneycomb--black---heritage-26203


pickup-1999-2004-grille-assy-w-bright-fr

cross-bar-design--except-stx-26204

D493552 2004 F-150 Headlamp http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-pickup-2005-2005-right-rh-passenger-side

headlight-assy-composite-3346

D501685 2004 F-150 Head Lamp http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-pickup-2005-2005-left-lh-driver-side-head

assy-composite-3348

D489299 2004 F-150 Exterior of

Vehicle Hood


pickup-2004-2004-hood-panel-assy-steel-


2:15 cv 10394 AJT MKM Doc # 1 Filed 01/29/15 Pg 15 of 33 Pg
http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-series-light-duty-pickup-2004-2004-grille-assy-xl-xlt-lariat--except-stx--w-honeycomb--black---heritage-26203http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-series-light-duty-pickup-2004-2004-grille-assy-xl-xlt-lariat--except-stx--w-honeycomb--black---heritage-26203http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-series-light-duty-pickup-2004-2004-grille-assy-xl-xlt-lariat--except-stx--w-honeycomb--black---heritage-26203http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-series-heritage-pickup-1999-2004-grille-assy-w-bright-frame-w-argent--cross-bar-design--except-stx-26204http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-series-heritage-pickup-1999-2004-grille-assy-w-bright-frame-w-argent--cross-bar-design--except-stx-26204http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-series-heritage-pickup-1999-2004-grille-assy-w-bright-frame-w-argent--cross-bar-design--except-stx-26204http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-series-heritage-pickup-1999-2004-grille-assy-w-bright-frame-w-argent--cross-bar-design--except-stx-26204http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-series-heritage-pickup-1999-2004-grille-assy-w-bright-frame-w-argent--cross-bar-design--except-stx-26204http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-series-heritage-pickup-1999-2004-grille-assy-w-bright-frame-w-argent--cross-bar-design--except-stx-26204http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-series-light-duty-pickup-2004-2004-grille-assy-xl-xlt-lariat--except-stx--w-honeycomb--black---heritage-26203http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-series-light-duty-pickup-2004-2004-grille-assy-xl-xlt-lariat--except-stx--w-honeycomb--black---heritage-26203http://autobodycarparts.com/ford-truck-f-series-light-duty-pickup-2004-2004-grille-assy-xl-xlt-lariat--except-stx--w-honeycomb--black---heritage-26203


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21.

Notwithstanding their assurance otherwise, Defendants c

sellparts identified in FGTLs letters , at least via Defendants website

eBay or Amazon stores, in the United States.

22. Defendants, have been, and continue to, infringe, activ

others to infringe, and contributorily infringe FGTLs Design Pat

throughout the country.

23. It is reasonable to infer, based on the facts set forth

Defendantsconduct has been willful, wanton and deliberate. It is also

to infer that Defendant actions have been objectively reckless based o

set forth above, including that Defendants have sold Aftermarket Pa

copies of the designs in FGTLs Design Patents-In-Suit and that Defen

acknowledged the infringement and validity of the design

correspondence. The actions of the Defendants with regard to infringe

FGTL Design Patents-in-Suit are willful such that FGTL is entitle

damages under 35 U.S.C. 284.

24. FGTL has suffered damages as a result of the infringing a

the Defendants and will continue to suffer such damages as lon




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25.

FGTL has no adequate remedy at law. Unless enjoined by

Defendants will continue such willful acts of infringement, causing FG

substantial and irreparable damage.

26. Upon information and belief, Defendants are importing

additional automotive parts beyond those asserted in this complaint th

FGTL patents. Defendants have made attempts to conceal these

activities from FGTL.

IV. COUNT I - INFRINGEMENT OF FGTL 552DESIGN PATENT

(2004 F-150 Vehicle Headlamp)

27. Plaintiff incorporates and realleges, as if fully set fo

paragraph, the allegations of the foregoing paragraphs.

28. Defendants have infringed and continue to infringe the 55

inter alia, making, using, importing, offering to sell, or selling the Un

including the State of Michigan and within this District, products inf

ornamental design covered by the 552patent in violation of 35 U.S.C.

29. Following is a comparison of Figure 1 of the 552 pat




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552 Patent, Figure 1 Defendants Headla

30.

FGTL is entitled to a complete accounting of all revenue

derived by Defendants, jointly and severally, from the unlawful cond

herein, including without limitation, FGTLs damages pursuant to 35 U

and/or Defendants total profit pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 289.

31.

Defendants have engaged and are engaged in willful and

infringement of the 552 patent as described above. Such willful and

infringement justifies an increase of three times the damages to b

pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 284 and further qualifies this action as an excep

supporting an award of reasonable attorneys fees pursuant to 35 U.S.C.

32.

FGTL is entitled to a permanent injunction preventing

from further infringing the 552patent.




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V. COUNT II - INFRINGEMENT OF FGTL 685DESIGN PATENT

(2004 F-150 Vehicle Headlamp)

33.

Plaintiff incorporates and realleges, as if fully set fo


34.

Defendants have infringed and continue to infringe the 68



ornamental design covered by the 685patent in violation of 35 U.S.C.

35.

Following is a comparison of Figure 2 of the 685 pat

Aftermarket Part offered for sale by the Defendants.

685 Patent, Figure 2 Defendants Headla

36.






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pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 284 and further qualifies this action as an exce


38. FGTL is entitled to a permanent injunction preventing

from further infringing the 685 patent.

VI. COUNT III - INFRINGEMENT OF FGTL 890DESIGN PATENT

(2004 F-150 Vehicle Grille)






ornamental design covered by the 890 patent in violation of 35 U.S.C.

41. Following is a comparison of Figure 2 of the 890 pate

Aftermarket Part offered for sale by the Defendants on autobodypartsno

890 Patent, Figure 2 DefendantsGrill

g g



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42.





43. Defendants have engaged and are engaged in willful and







VII. COUNT IV - INFRINGEMENT OF FGTL 299DESIGN PATENT

(2004 F-150 Exterior of Vehicle Hood)






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47.

Following is a comparison of Figure 1 of the 299 pate

Aftermarket Part offered for sale by the Defendants on their eBay store

name auto_lighthouse.

299Patent, Figure 1 DefendantsHoo

48.





49.





supporting an award of reasonable attorneys fees pursuant to 35 U.S.C



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VIII. COUNT V - INFRINGEMENT OF FGTL 753DESIGN PATENT

(2004 F-150 Exterior of Vehicle Hood)

50.



51.





52.

Following is a comparison of Figure 1 of the 753 pat



753 Patent, Figure1 DefendantsHoo



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54.






IX. COUNT IV - INFRINGEMENT OF FGTL 444DESIGN PATENT

(2005 Mustang Front Bumper Fascia (base))

55.



56.





57.




444 Patent Figure 3 Defendants Bumper F



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58.












X. COUNT V - INFRINGEMENT OF FGTL 162DESIGN PATENT

(2005 Mustang Front Bumper Fascia (GT))






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63.




162 Patent, Figure 3 DefendantsBump

64. FGTL is entitled to a complete accounting of all revenue




65.









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XI. COUNT VI - INFRINGEMENT OF FGTL 551DESIGN PATENT

(2005 Mustang Hood)

67.



68.





69.




551 Patent, Figure 1 DefendantsH

70 FGTL is entitled to a complete accounting of all revenue



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71.








XII. COUNT VII - INFRINGEMENT OF FGTL448DESIGN PATENT

(2005 Mustang Vehicle Taillamp)







75. Following is a comparison of Figure 1 of the 448 pate



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448 Patent, Figure 1 DefendantsTail

76. FGTL is entitled to a complete accounting of all revenue











PRAYER FOR RELIEF


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N.

Enter a preliminary and permanent injunction to enjoin

and their officers, agents, attorneys and employees, and those acting i

concert with them, from infringing the 753 patent for the full term there

O. Enter a preliminary and permanent injunction to enjoin



P. Enter a preliminary and permanent injunction to enjoin



Q. Enter a preliminary and permanent injunction to enjoin



R. Enter a preliminary and permanent injunction to enjoin


concert with them, from infringing the 448patent for the full term there

S. Award FGTL damages against Defendants adequate to

FGTL for the infringement of the 552patent pursuant to 35 U.S.C.



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T.

Award FGTL damages against Defendants adequate to

FGTL for the infringement of the 685 patent pursuant to 35 U.S.C.

35 U.S.C. 289;

U. Award FGTL damages against Defendants adequate to


35 U.S.C. 289;

V. Award FGTL damages against Defendants adequate to


35 U.S.C. 289;

W. Award FGTL damages against Defendants adequate to


35 U.S.C. 289;

X. Award FGTL damages against Defendants adequate to


35 U.S.C. 289;

Y. Award FGTL damages against Defendants adequate to




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Z.

Award FGTL damages against Defendants adequate to


35 U.S.C. 289;

AA. Award FGTL damages against Defendants adequate to


35 U.S.C. 289;

BB. Find that the Defendants infringement is deliberate and

that the damages awarded to FGTL be trebled pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 2

CC.

A declaration that this is an exceptional case and an

attorneys fees, disbursements, and costs of this action pursuant to

285;

DD.

Award FGTL interests and costs; and

EE. Such other and further relief, including but not limited to

attorney fees, as this Court deems appropriate.



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JURY TRIAL DEMAND

Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 38(b) and 5(d), Plaintiff demands a j

all issues triable by jury.

Respectfully submitted,

BROOKS KUSHMAN P.C.Dated: January 29, 2015

/s/ Linda D. MettesMarc Lorelli (P63156)

Frank A. Angileri (P45611)Linda D. Mettes (P69182)

Amy C. Leshan (P69328)1000 Town Center, Twenty-Seco

Southfield, Michigan 48075

Tel: (248) 358-4400 / Fax: (248Email: mlorelli@brookskushman

fangileri@brookskushma

lmettes@brookskushman

aleshan@brookskushman

Attorneys for Plaintiff Ford Global TLLC

2:15-cv-10394-AJT-MKM Doc # 1-1 Filed 01/29/15 Pg 1 of 1 Pg


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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN

FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES,

LLC,

Plaintiff,

v.

NEW WORLD INTERNATIONALINC., AUTO LIGHTHOUSE PLUS,

LLC, and UNITED COMMERCE

CENTERS, INC.

Defendants.

Case No. _________

JURY TRIAL DEMANDED

INDEX OF EXHIBITS TO:

COMPLAINT FOR PATENT

INFRINGEMENT

Exhibit DescriptionA U.S. Patent No. D493,552

B U.S. Patent No. D501,685C U.S. Patent No. D496,890

D U.S. Patent No. D489,299E U.S. Patent No. D493,753

F U.S. Patent No. D498,444

G U.S. Patent No. D501,162H U.S. Patent No. D510,551I U.S. Patent No. D539,448

J General Exclusion OrderK Letter to P. Tsai from D. Porcari, 9/28/11



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EXHIBIT A

USO0D493552S1



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1 2 )

United

States

Design

Patent 1 0 ) P a t e n t

N 0 . 2

Metros e t a l .

US D 4 9

( 4 5 ) Date o f P a t e n t : * * J u l

( 5 4 ) VEHICLE HEADLAMP

( 7 5 )

I n v e n t o r s : C r a i g

M e t r o s , B l o o m ? e l d , MI U S ) ;

P a t r i c k

J .

S c h i a v o n e , B i r m i n g h a m ,

MI

( U S ) ; T y l e r

J o n

B l a k e , D e a r b o r n , MI

( U S )

( 7 3 ) A s s i g n e e : F o r d

G l o b a l

T e c h n o l o g i e s , LLC,

D e a r b o r n ,

MI ( U S )

( * * ) T e r m :

1 4 Y e a r s

( 2 1 )

A p p l . N o . : 2 9 / 1 9 0 , 3 2 5

( 2 2 ) F i l e d :

S e p .

1 9 , 2 0 0 3

51) LOC

7 )

Cl.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . 26-04

52) US. Cl. . . . . . . . . .

. .

D26/28

( 5 8 ) Field of

Search

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D26/2836; 362/61,

3 6 2 / 8 0 , 8 1 , 8 2 ,

8 3 ,

8 3 . 3 , 2 6 7 , 2 6 9 , 2 7 5 ,

330340

( 5 6 )

R e f e r e n c e s

C i t e d

U . S . PATENT

DOCUMENTS

D406,910 S * 3/1999

B angl e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

D26/28

D479,755 S

*

9/2003 Yanada

. . . . . . D26/28

D481 144 S

*

10/2003 Takei

. . . . . . . . . .

.. D26/28

D484,262 S

*

12/2003 Liao

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. D26/28

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

P h o t o g r a p h s

o f C o m m e r c i a l P a r t s , 6

p a g e s ,

p r i o r

t o S e p . 1 9 ,

2 0 0 3 .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m p r o d u c t b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d

1 9 7 8

F o r d

P i c k u p s .

F o r d M o t o r C o m p a n y ; e x c e r p t s f r o m

p r o d u c t b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d 7 8 F o r d

P i c k u p s . Tough A l l O v e r .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s f r o m


e n t i t l e d

F o r d

T r u c k

A c c e s s o r i e s a n d

S p e c i a l t i e s C a t a l o g ;

p u b l i s h e d 1 9 7 8.



e n t i t l e d

Nuovo F o r d T r a n s i t ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a 1 9 7 8 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d 7 8 Ford C o u r i e r .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d T o u g h F o r d p i c k u p s : A m e r i c a s N o

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a 1 9 7 7 .


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1978

Ford R e c r e a t i o n V e h i c l e s .


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1978 Ford

4 W h e e l e r s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1978 Ford B r o n c o .


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1 9 7 8 F o r d C l u b W a g o n s .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d F r e e W h e e l i n

F o r d

T r u c k s ; p u b l i s h

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1978 Ford E c o n o l i n e .


p r o


Ford C o u r i e r .

( L i s t c o n t i n u e d o n n e x t p a g e . )

P r i m a r y ExaminerMarcus A . J a c k s o n

( 7 4 ) A t t o r n e y , A g e n t ,

o r FirmDavis B . K e l

( 5 7 ) CLAIM

The

o r n a m e n t a l

d e s i g n

f o r a v e h i c l e h e a d l a m p ,

d e s c r i b e d .

DESCRIPTION

F I G .

1 i s a

p e r s p e c t i v e

vieW o f a headlamp f

a c c o r d a n c e W i t h o n e

embodiment o f t h e p r e s

F I G . 2

i s

a f r o n t

vieW

o f

t h e v e h i c l e

headla

F I G . 3

i s

a

s i d e vieW o f t h e v e h i c l e headlam

F I G . 4 i s a n o t h e r s i d e

vieW

o f t h e

v e h i c l e

hea

1 ;

F I G . 5 i s

a t o p

vieW o f t h e v e h i c l e

h e a d l a m p

F I G .

6

i s

a

p e r s p e c t i v e

vieW o f

v e h i c l e

head

d a n c e W i t h

a n o t h e r embodiment

o f

t h e p r e s e

The headlamp

i s

i n t e n d e d

f o r a t t a c h m e n t t o

t h e broken

l i n e s

i n t h e

d r a w i n g s a r e n o t p a r t

d e s i g n . The

bottom

a n d r e a r o f

t h e

headlamp

t h e c l a i m e d d e s i g n .

1

C l a i m ,

3

Drawing S h e e t s



37/218

US D 4 9 3 , 5 5 2 s

P a g e 2

OTHER

PUBLICATIONS



e n t i t l e d 1979 Ford R e c r e a t i o n V e h i c l e s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d F o r d C l u b Wagon V a n ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1 9 7 8 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

1979 Ford 4 W h e e l e r s .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d 1 9 7 9 F o r d C l u b W a g o n s .


p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d

7 9 F r e e

W h e e l i n

Ford T r u c k s .

F o r d Motor

Company;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m

m a i l a d v e r t i s e m e n t

e n t i t l e d

F o r d E x p l o r e r

S p e c i a l E d i t i o n

S a l e ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1 9 7 9 .



e n t i t l e d

1978 Ford

C o u r i e r .



e n t i t l e d

1979

Ford E c o n o l i n e .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d F or d T r u c k A c c e s s o r i e s ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1 9 7 8 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

1979 Ford B r o n c o .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s


e n t i t l e d 1 9 7 9 F o r d P i c k u p s .

F o r d M o t o r C o m p a n y ; e x c e r p t s

f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d F o r d

1980 E c o n o l i n e

C h a s s i s .



e n t i t l e d P i c k u p 4 W h e e l e r B r o n c o ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a 1 9 7 9 .



e n t i t l e d 1980 B r o n c o .



e n t i t l e d E c o n o l i n e / C l u b Wagon1980 C o n ? d e n t i a l P r e

V i e w .



e n t i t l e d Ford 1980 B r o n c o .




1 9 8 0 P i c k u p .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

F o r d 1980

C o u r i e r .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

1980 F r e e

W h e e l i n

F o r d s .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d

F o r d

1980

4 W h e e l e r .


f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d

F o r d 1980

E c o n o l i n e .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s


e n t i t l e d

T h e

C a p t a i n s

C l u b

W a g o n ; p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a 1 9 7 9 .



e n t i t l e d Courier1980

C o n ? d e n t i a l

P r e v i e W .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d 1980 Ford C o u r i e r .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m p r o

e n t i t l e d



f r o m

p r o

e n t i t l e d

1 9 8 1

FordThe l e a d e r s h i p

l i n e u p .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1981 Ford

T r u c k s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1 9 8 1

F o r d C l u b Wagon.


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1981 Ford

C o u r i e r .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1 9 8 1 F o r d

P i c k u p .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1981 Ford

4 W h e e l e r .


f r o m

p r o


Ford R e c r e a t i o n V e h i c l e s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1981 Ford E c o n o l i n e C h a s s i s .


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1981 Ford E c o n o l i n e .


p r o


Ford C o u r i e r .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m p r o

e n t i t l e d E c o n o l i n e / C l u b

Wagon1981

C o n

v i e W .


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 1 E c o n o l i n e V a n / C l u b

W a g o n .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1981 F S e r i e s .


f r o m

p r o

e n t i t l e d

1981 B r o n c o .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

FSeries1981 C o n ? d e n t i a l P r e v i e

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o


T r u c k

A c c e s s o r i e s a n d

S p e c i a l

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a 1 9 8 2 .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d 8 2 Ford

T r u c k s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

8 2 Ford

4 W h e e l e r .


p r o

e n t i t l e d 8 2 F o r d C l u b Wagon.


f r o m

p r o

e n t i t l e d

8 2

Ford

E c o n o l i n e .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d 8 2 Ford B r o n c o .


p r o

e n t i t l e d F o r d 3000

1 T o n n e r ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o


2400

D i e s e l

1 T o n n e r ;

p u b l i s h

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

8 2

F o r d

F S e r i e s

P i c k u p s .



38/218

US D 4 9 3 , 5 5 2 s

P a g e

3

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s


e n t i t l e d 8 3 Ford T r u c k s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;




4 W h e e l e r s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d 1983 Ford R e c r e a t i o n V e h i c l e s .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d 8 3 Ford C h a s s i s C a b .


f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d 8 3

Ford

E c o n o l i n e .



e n t i t l e d F o r d 1 6 0 0

1 T o n n e r

LWB; p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1 9 8 2 .



e n t i t l e d Show

Your S t r i p e s C r e a t e

Bronco

I I E x c i t e

m e n t ; p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1 9 8 2 .


f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d 8 3

F o r d

F S e r i e s P i c k u p .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d 8 3 F o r d C l u b Wagon.

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;




T r u c k s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d 8 3

F o r d R a n g e r .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s


e n t i t l e d Ford Bronco

I I I t s

A rand NeW ickH.



e n t i t l e d A c c e s s o r i e s f o r F o r d L i g h t T r u c k s a n s ;

p u b

l i s h e d c i r c a

1 9 8 3 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 4 F o r d W a g o n s .



e n t i t l e d

A e r o s t a r

W a r s ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a

1 9 8 3 .

F o r d M o t o r C o m p a n y ;


p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d C o n c e p t A e r o s t a r ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1 9 8 3 .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s



T r u c k s .



e n t i t l e d

1984 Ford

E c o n o l i n e

V a n .


f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 4 F o r d C l u b

Wagon.

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d I n t r o d u c i n g

t h e a l l

neW t r i m s i Z e

1984

Ford

Bronco I I .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d 1984 Ford Bronco I I .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s


e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 4

F o r d

R a n g e r .



e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 4

F o r d

F S e r i e s P i c k u p .


f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e


Ford

B r o n c o .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m p r o

e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 5

F o r d C l u b

Wagon.

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o


Ford B r o n c o .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d T h e

A u s s i e U t e ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1985 Ford Chass isCa .


f r o m

p r o

e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 5 F S e r i e s E x p l o r e r P a c k a g e A


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 5 F o r d R a n g e r .


p r o


B a n t a m ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a 1 9 8 4

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1 9 8 5 C o n c e p t

A e r o s t a r .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o


1 T o n n e r ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a 1 9

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d F o r d 1 T o n n e r 1 6 0 0 ; p u b l i s h e d

c i


p r o

e n t i t l e d F S e r i e s P i c k u p ; p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1 9 8 5 F o r d W a g o n .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1 9 8 6

F o r d

A e r o s t a r

Wagon.

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d F o r d A e r o s t a r W a g o n ; p u b l i s h e d c

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d F o r d C l u b W a g o n ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a


p r o


B r o n c o ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a 1 9 8 5



p r o

e n t i t l e d

F o r d E c o n o l i n e ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m p r o

e n t i t l e d

D e r

T r a n s i t ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1 9 8 5 .


p r o

e n t i t l e d

D e r

E c o n o v a n ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a

1 9


f r o m

p r o


Ford

B r o n c o .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d F o r d F S e r i e s ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1 9 8

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

F o r d L i g h t

t r u c k s Vans

A c c e s s o r i

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

T o d a y s

C r o W d

P l e a s e r s S p e c t r

S p a c e r ,

S p e c t r o n

4WD; p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1 9 8


p r o


Ford T r u c k s .


f r o m

p r o


E c o n o l i n e .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o



39/218

US D 4 9 3 , 5 5 2 s

P a g e 4

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s


e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 6

F o r d

R a n g e r .


f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d

1986 Ford

T r u c k s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;




Advance L i g h t T r u c k F a c t s B o o k .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d 1987 Ford T r u c k s .



e n t i t l e d

New

F o r d C o u r i e r 4WD; p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1 9 8 6 .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

T h e

B i g A u s s i e

S i x ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1 9 8 6 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

1987 Ford Chass isCa

.


f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e


Ford

B r o n c o .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;




Ford

E c o n o l i n e .



e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 7

F o r d

R a n g e r .


p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 7 F o r d C l u b Wagon.

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d 1987 Ford Bronco I I .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;




F o r d

A e r o s t a r

Wagon.




A e r o s t a r V a n .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 7 F o r d F S e r i e s

P i c k u p .



e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 8

F o r d

W a g o n s .


f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d

New

F o r d

F S e r i e s ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a 1 9 8 7 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

M a v e r i c k W a g o n ;

p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1 9 8 7 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d M a v e r i c k

C a b

C h a s s i s / P i c k U p ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a

1 9 8 7 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

1 9 8 8 F o r d

R a n g e r .



e n t i t l e d

1988

Ford

Bronco

I I .


f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e


Ford

B r o n c o .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

1 9 8 8




e n t i t l e d

1988

Ford E c o n o l i n e .



e n t i t l e d

1988 Ford C h a s s i s C a b .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



J a n

A .

Z v e r i n a

o f

U n i t e d

P r e s s

I n t e r n a t i o n a l ;

n e W s p a p e r

i l l u s t r a t i n g 1 9 8 9 F o r d Bronco I .

F o r d M o r t o r C o m p a n y ; e x c e r p t s

f r o m m a g a Z

m e n t i l l u s t r a t i n g

1 9 8 8 F o r d R a n g e r e n t i t l e d

Bed

C a p .


p r o

e n t i t l e d

F o r d

P r e R u n n e r R a n g e r P a c k

A c c e s s o r i e s

8 8 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d E l e c t r i c a l l y PoWered

F S e r i e s

R e a r

P i c k u p s ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1 9 8 8 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

F S e r i e s LPO; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1 9 8

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1989 Ford

T r u c k s .


p r o

e n t i t l e d F o r d L i g h t T r u c k s A c c e s s o r i e s 8 9 .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o


Ford

Bronco

I I .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 9 F o r d E c o n o l i n e / C l u b

W a g o n .


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1 9 8 9

F o r d

R a n g e r .



p r o


A e r o s t a r .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d Commericals O c t . 1 9 8 9 .


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1 9 8 9


F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ; e x c e r p t s

f r o m p r o

e n t i t l e d 1989 Ford F S e r i e s .


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1 9 8 9 F o r d

R a n g e r .


f r o m

p r o


Ford

B r o n c o .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

1 9 8 9 F o r d A e r o s t a r

Wagon.


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 0 F S e r i e s

M a j o r P r o d u c t C h a n g


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 0 E c o n o l i n e / C l u b

Wagon M

C h a n g e s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 0 A e r o s t a r Wagon a n d

Van

M

C h a n g e s .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m p r o

e n t i t l e d

1990 F o r d

R e c r e a t i o n V e h i c l e a n d

T

G u i d e .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d A e r o s t a r 4Wheel D r i v e ; p u b l i s h e


f r o m

p r o


T r u c k s ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a 1 9 8 9



40/218

US D 4 9 3 , 5 5 2 s

P a g e 5

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s



C h a s s i s C a b .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

1 9 9 0 R a n g e r M a j o r

P r o d u c t C h a n g e s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

1 9 9 0

B r o n c o

M a j o r P r o d u c t C h a n g e s .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

1 9 9 0 B r o n c o

I I

M a j o r

P r o d u c t

C h a n g e s .


f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d

1 9 9 1

A e r o s t a r M a j o r

P r o d u c t

C h a n g e s .



e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 1

F o r d

R a n g e r .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s


e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 1 E c o n o l i n e / C l u b Wagon

M a j o r

P r o d u c t

C h a n g e s .


f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 1

R a n g e r

M a j o r P r o d u c t C h a n g e s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



entitled

New

1991 Ford Ex p l o re r .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 1 F o r d E x p l o r e r .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;




T r u c k s .

D a v i d S e d g W i c k ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m

D e t r o i t

NeWs

e n t i t l e d

E x p l o r e r

p u t s f o r d s p o r t u t i l i t y

i n d r i v e r s s e a t ; p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1 9 9 1 .

A l

H a a s o f K n i g h t R i d d e r N e W s p a p e r s ;


n e W s p a p e r

a r t i c l e

e n t i t l e d

S p o r t u t i l i t y v e h i c l e s b r i g h t e n

d a r k s a l e s

y e a r ; p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a 1 9 9 1 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d 1991 Ford F S e r i e s .



e n t i t l e d Commercials1992

E d i t i o n

TWo.

James V .

H i g g i n s ; e x c e r p t s

f r o m D e t r o i t NeWs a r t i c l e

e n t i t l e d

F o r d s

neW

F l a r e s i d e

p i c k u p s

n e a r p e r f e c t

F s e r i e s

a d d i t i o n ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1 9 9 2 .

P a u l

L i e n e r t ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m n e W s p a p e r a r t i c l e

e n t i t l e d C l u b

Wagon s e t s t h e s t a n d a r d ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1 9 9 2 .

P a u l

E i s e n s t e i n ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m D e t r o i t NeWs r t i c l e e n t i t l e d

F o r d t o b o o s t p r o d u c t i o n o n h o t E x p l o r e r s ; p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1 9 9 2 .



e n t i t l e d 1992 Ford T r u c k s .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 2 F o r d C l u b Wagon.

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s


e n t i t l e d

F o r d

Commercial

T r u c k s 1 9 9 2 , V a n s .



e n t i t l e d F o r d 1 9 9 2 , A e r o s t a r W a g o n .


f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e


1 9 9 2 , B r o n c o .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m p r o

e n t i t l e d

F o r d

C o m m e r c i a l T r u c k s 9 3 ,

P i c k u


f r o m

p r o

e n t i t l e d Ford 9 3 B r o n c o .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1993 B r o n c o .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o


F S e r i e s .


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 3

E c o n o l i n e / C l u b

W a g o n .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d 1993 A e r o s t a r .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d U t i l i t y L i g h t T r u c k s a n s

A c c e s

l i s h e d

c i r c a 1 9 9 2 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

F o r d

9 3 , E x p l o r e r .


p r o

e n t i t l e d R o l l A l o n g , CreW C a b

DRW;

p

1 9 9 2 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d R o l l A l o n g , S u p e r C a b SRW; p

1 9 9 2 .



p r o

e n t i t l e d R o l l A l o n g ,

CreW

C a b 4 x 4 ; p u b l i s h

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

R o l l

A l o n g ,

S u p e r

C a b DR ;

p

1 9 9 2 .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

R o l l A l o n g , B r o n c o ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r


p r o

e n t i t l e d R o l l

A l o n g , S u p e r C a b

4 x 4 ; p u b l i s h

James V .


f r o m D e t r o i t

e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 3 R a n g e r r e d e s i g n makes a ? r s

b e t t e r ;

p u b l i s h e d

J a n .

2 0 ,

1 9 9 3 .

R u s s D e v a u l t o f

A t l a n t a J o u r n a l

C o n s t i t u t i o n ;

D e t r o i t F r e e P r e s s

a r t i c l e

e n t i t l e d S p o r t y

c o

t h e L i g h t n i n g

? e x i b i l i t y ;

p u b l i s h e d M a r .

4 ,

UnkoWn A u t h o r ; e x c e r p t s

f r o m n e W s p a p e r a

i n g a F o r d

R a n g e r XLT u p e r C a b

4 x 4 ;

a r t i c l e

Ranger

i s

unchallenged

; published

Feb

James

V .


f r o m D e t r o i t

e n t i t l e d I t s

thumbs up

f o r L i g h t n i n g , b u t d

t a n g C o b r a ; p u b l i s h e d May 1 3 , 1 9 9 3 .


p r o

e n t i t l e d

F S e r i e s ; p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1 9 8 9 .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o


Ford

Bronco

I I .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d Ford 1992 B r o n c o .


f r o m

p r o

e n t i t l e d F o r d T r u c k s 1 9 9 2 R a n g e r .



41/218

US D 4 9 3 , 5 5 2 s

P a g e 6

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s


e n t i t l e d F o r d 1 9 9 4 R a n g e r .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 4

F o r d

F150 L i g h t n i n g .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

F S e r i e s

P i c k u p ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1 9 9 3 .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d F o r d R a n g e r .


f r o m

p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d




e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 5 F o r d E x p l o r e r .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s


e n t i t l e d

1996

Ford F S e r i e s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

1997 F S e r i e s .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

The AllNeW

1997

F o r d s F 1 5 0 .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o d u c t

b r o c h u r e

e n t i t l e d 1997 F150 A c c e s s o r i e s .



e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 7 R a n g e r .



e n t i t l e d

T h e

N i n e t e e n

H u n d r e d

a n d N i n e t y

E i g h t

R a n g e r .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;




N i n e t e e n

H u n d r e d

a n d N i n e t y E i g h t

E x p l o r e r .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

T h e

N i n e t e e n H u n d r e d

a n d

N i n e t y E i g h t

E x p e d i

t i o n .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

E x p e d i t i o n

N i n e t y N i n e .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

R a n g e r

N i n e t y

N i n e .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s


e n t i t l e d E x p l o r e r N i n e t y N i n e .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d F S e r i e s

N i n e t y N i n e .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d H a r l e y D a v i d s o n F 15 0 ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a

1 9 9 8 .



e n t i t l e d

C u s t o m i Z e d F o r d F 1 5 0 S u p e r C r e W ; p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1 9 9 8 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;



e n t i t l e d

2 0 0 1

E s c a p e .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s


e n t i t l e d

E x c u r s i o n ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1 9 9 9 .

T o n y

S W a n ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m n e W s p a p e r

i l l u s t r a t i n g

2 0 0 0 F o r d

E x c u r s i o n ; p u b l i s h e d

A u g . 5 ,

1 9 9 9 .

A n i t a a n d

P a u l

L i e n e r t ; e x c e r p t s

f r o m n e W s p a p e r i l l u s t r a t i n g

2000 Ford E x c u r s i o n .



F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m p r o

e n t i t l e d 2 0 0 1 E x p l o r e r S p o r t T r a c .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d R a n g e r ; p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1 9 9 9 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d 2 0 0 1 S u p e r c r e W .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d S u p e r D u t y F S e r i e s ; p u b l i s h e d c i


f r o m

p r o

e n t i t l e d F S e r i e s ,

1 0 0 0 F 1 5 0 S e r i e s ; p u

1 9 9 9 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

S u p e r D u t y ,

2 0 0 F 2 5 0 / 3 5 0

F S e r

p u b l i s h e d c i r c a 1 9 9 9 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d W i n d s t a r ; p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a 1 9 9 9 .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d

F o r d , 2000

W i n d s t a r .

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d F o r d ,

2 0 0 0

( C o m m e r c i a l V e h i c l e s )


p r o


G r e a t E s c a p e ; p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a


p r o

e n t i t l e d

2 0 0 1

FordSVT

F150

L i g h t n i n g .

F o r d M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d O v e r

T h e

E d g e R a n g e r ; p u b l i s h e d


p r o

e n t i t l e d

E x c u r s i o n

S i g h t s e e r ; p u b l i s h e d c i r

F o r d

M o t o r

C o m p a n y ;


p r o

e n t i t l e d O u t

H e r e , T h e r e

A r e N o B o u n d a r i e

c i r c a 2 0 0 1 .

T o y o t a

M o t o r

C o r p o r a t i o n ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m p r o

e n t i t l e d T o y o t a 1 9 9 6 4 R u n n e r .

T o y o t a M o t o r C o r p o r a t i o n ; e x c e r p t s f r o m

p r o

e n t i t l e d

T o y o t a

1 9 9 7

T 1 0 0 .

T o y o t a

M o t o r C o r p o r a t i o n ; e x c e r p t s f r o m

p r o

e n t i t l e d T o y o t a

T a c o m a .

Mark W i l l i a m s ;

e x c e r p t s f r o m F o u r

W h e e

a r t i c l e e n t i t l e d T h r e e

p i c k u p s b a t t l e

t e r r

o t h e r f o r

t h e g o l d e n p r i Z e ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

T o y o t a


p r o

e n t i t l e d T o y o t a T u n d r a ;

p u b l i s h e d

c i r c a

1 9

T o y o t a

M o t o r

C o r p o r a t i o n ; e x c e r p t s f r o m p r o

e n t i t l e d 1 9 9 8 T o y o t a R a v 4 .

T o y o t a M o t o r C o r p o r a t i o n ; e x c e r p t s f r o m

p r o

e n t i t l e d

1999

4 R u n n e r .

T o y o t a


p r o


Land C r u i s e r .

T o y o t a

M o t o r

C o r p o r a t i o n ;

e x c e r p t s

f r o m p r o

e n t i t l e d 2002 Tacoma.

G e n e r a l M o t o r s C o r p o r a t i o n ; e x c e r p t s f r o m

c h u r e e n t i t l

ford global techs. v. new world int'l - complaint

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