forced labour in 2012: global estimate and european trends · 2016-11-03 · “hard to see, harder...
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ILO Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labour (SAP-FL)
Forced Labour in 2012:
Global Estimate and
European Trends
Bangkok, June 2012
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Collecting quantitative data
Global Estimate:
• Extrapolation from reported cases and non-reported
cases (using capture – recapture method)
National Surveys:
• Extrapolation from statistical surveys on forced labour
and trafficking
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20.9 million people in forced labour
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All regions are affected
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11,700,000
1,600,000
3,700,000
600,000
1,500,000
1,800,000
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Prevalence (per 1,000 inhabitants)
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More women than men
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More adults than children
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With or without migration
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Trends in the EU
• Most forced labour is in the private economy
• Majority of cases are for labour exploitation, rather than
sexual exploitation
• Most cases in domestic work, construction, agriculture
and garments manufacturing
• Average length of time spent in forced labour varies –
but on average (global average) nearly 18 months before
being rescued or escaping
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Vulnerable populations
• Migrants
– From within EU and from outside EU
– Often representative of the larger migrant population
– Documented and undocumented
• Roma and traveler communities
• Reliance on intermediaries to arrange travel and job
placement
• Labour trafficking often takes place under a legal cover
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Reporting
• Efforts to improve reporting and information sharing in
the EU
• National rapporteurs, a process accelerated by the
Council of Europe Convention on Trafficking
• Common indicators of trafficking (EC-ILO Project using
the Delphi methodology)
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Ongoing challenges
• In some countries, most shelters are only for women, so
few places for men and for couples
• Prosecution rates remain low, with people prosecuted for
other crimes
• Limited awareness of frontline officers
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“Hard to see, harder to count”
Survey guidelines to estimate forced labour
• operational definition of what constitutes forced labour,
and indicators with which to identify it
• steps to conduct a survey on forced labour
• sampling techniques
• minimum set of questions necessary to assess forced
labour
• guidance on data analysis
• ethical considerations with regard to research on forced
labour
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For more information
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Forced Labour Global Estimate: www.ilo.org/sapfl
Max Tunon
TRIANGLE Project Coordinator
ILO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific