force
DESCRIPTION
Force. Chapter 6. Force. Any push or pull exerted on an object. System. The object with the force applied. Environment. The world surrounding the object. Contact Force. A force that acts on an object by touching it. Contact Force. A baseball bat striking a ball. Long-range Force. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Force
Chapter 6
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Force•Any push or pull exerted on
an object
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System•The object with
the force applied
![Page 4: Force](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815c2d550346895dca0ca5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Environment•The world
surrounding the object
![Page 5: Force](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062810/56815c2d550346895dca0ca5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Contact Force•A force that acts
on an object by touching it
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Contact Force•A baseball bat striking a ball
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Long-range Force
•A force that acts on an object w/o
touching it
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Long-range Force
•The force of gravity
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Agent•Whatever is
causing the force
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Inertia•The resistance to
change (in motion)
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Equilibrium•When the net forces acting on
an object = zero
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Force Vector Diagram
•A Diagram showing the vectors of all forces
acting on an object.
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Force Vector Diagram
WeightWeighton tableon table
Force ofForce oftable ontable onthe ballthe ball
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Draw Force Vector Diagrams of:
1)A book on a desk2)A book being pushed
across the desk3)A book falling
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Newton’s Laws of Motion
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Newton’s 1st LawAn object will remain
at rest or in constant straight-line motion if
the net force acting on it is zero
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Newton’s 1st LawThe velocity is
constant and acceleration is zero
when the net force on an object is zero
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Newton’s 2nd LawThe acceleration of an
object is directly proportioned to the
net force applied to it
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Newton’s 2nd Law
Fnet
maa = =
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Newton’s 2nd Law
Fnet = ma
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Newton’s 3rd LawFor every action, there is an equal & opposite reaction
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Newton’s 3rd Law
FA on B =
-FB on A
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Two horizontal forces of 23.5 N & 16.5 N are acting in the same direction on a 2.0 kg object. Calculate: 1) net Force on the object2) its acceleration
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Two horizontal forces of 23.5 N & 16.5 N are
acting in opposite directions on a
2.0 kg object. Calculate:1) net force on the object2) its acceleration
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Forces of 4.0 N west & 3.0 N north are acting on a 2.0 kg object. Calculate:1) net Force on the object2) its acceleration
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Calculate the acceleration of a 1500
g object falling towards Earth when
the Fair friction is 11.7 N.
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List Newton’s Laws of Motion
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Types of ForcesFriction TensionNormal ThrustSpring Weight
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Friction (Ff)• The contact force that acts to
oppose sliding motion between surfaces
• Its direction is parallel & opposite the direction of sliding
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Normal (FN)•The contact force exerted by a surface on an object
•Its direction is perpendicular & away from the surface
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Spring (Fsp)• A restoring force, or the push
or pull a spring exerts on an object
• Its direction is opposite the displacement of an object at the end of a spring
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Tension (FT)• The pull exerted by a string,
rope, or cable when attached to a body & pulled taut
• Its direction away from the object & parallel to the string at the point of attachment
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Thrust (Fthrust)• A general term for the force
that moves rockets, planes, etc• Its direction is the same
direction as the acceleration of the object barring any resistive forces
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Weight (Fg)• Force due the gravitational
attraction between two objects like an object & the Earth
• Its direction is straight down towards the center of the Earth
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Name & describe the 6 types of forces
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Weight (Fg)Weight = Fg = mag = mg
Fg = W = mg
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When an object is launched, the only
forces action upon it are the forces gravity
& air friction.
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No net force is required to keep an object in motion. Frictional forces oppose motion.
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Inertia is not a force, but the resistance to the change in motion
or momentum.
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Air exerts huge & balanced frictional forces on an object. When in motion, the net Ff of air is large.
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Terminal Velocity•The constant velocity that is reached when the force of air friction of a falling object equals its weight
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Friction (Ff)Kinetic frictional force
Ff, kinetic
Static frictional forceFf, static
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Draw Vector Force Diagrams of:
1) a skydiver gaining downward velocity
2) a skydiver at terminal velocity
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Draw Vector Force Diagrams of:
3) a rope pulling a ball up at constant velocity
4) a rope acceleration a ball upwards
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An object’s weight on Earth is 490 N. Calculate:1) its mass2) its weight in the moon where gmoon = 1.60 m/s2
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An 500.0 g object on an unknown planet has a
weight of 250 N. Calculate the acceleration
caused by the planet’s gravity.
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Static Ff•The force exerted on
one surface by another when there is
no relative motion
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Kinetic Ff•The force exerted on
one surface by another when in relative motion
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Forces acting on an object:FFNN = -W = -WFFAA > F > Fff
FFappliedapplied
FFgg or Weight or Weight
FFff
FFNN
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Static Ff
Ff, static = sFN
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s is proportionality constant called the
frictional coefficient
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Kinetic Ff
Ff, kinetic = kFN
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A 25 N force is required to pull a 50.0 N sled down the
road at a constant speed. Calculate the sliding frictional coefficient
between the sled & the road.
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A person & a sled have a total weight of 490 N. The
sliding frictional coefficient between the sled & the snow is 0.10. Calculate the force required to pull the sled at
constant speed.
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Calculate the acceleration of the sled if the applied force pulling on the sled
is 299 N.W = 490 N = 0.10
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Calculate the force required to pull a 500.0
g block with an acceleration of 3.0 m/s2.
= 0.50
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Periodic Motion•Repetitive or
vibrational motion like that of a spring, swing or pendulum
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Simple Harmonic Motion
•Periodic motion in which the restoring force is
directly proportional to the displacement
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Period (T)•The time required
to complete one full cycle of motion
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Amplitude•Maximum
displacement from the zero point or
equilibrium
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Pendulum Motion Formula
T = 2 ----llaagg
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Calculate the period of a
pendulum with a length of 49 cm:
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Calculate the length of the pendulum of a
grandfather clock whose period is equal
1.0 second:
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Fundamental Forces•Gravitational•Electromagnetic•Strong Nuclear•Weak Nuclear
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Calculate the force required to pull a 150 g
block at a constant velocity of 180 km/hr. = 0.20
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A 9.8 kN car went from 0 to 25 m/s in 5.0 s. between car & road =
0.20. Calculate the force applied by the engine of
the car.
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Calculate the force required to start a 2.0 kg block & its acceleration
when moving.s = 0.20, k = 0.10
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Calculate the force required to start a 2.0 kg
block & calculate its acceleration when
moving.s = 0.20, k = 0.10
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A 6.0 kg ball is attached by a rope over a pulley
to a 4.0 kg ball.1) Draw the problem.2) Calculate each ball’s
acceleration
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A 6.0 kg ball is attached by a longrope over a
pulley to a 4.0 kg ball.1) Calculate air friction
at max velocity
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A 65 kg boy & a 35 kg girl are in a tug-of-war. The girl’s acceleration is 13 cm/s2. Calculate the boy’s acceleration.
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A 150 g baseball, was hit & came to rest in 4.0 s after going 100.0 m.
Calculate: vi, a, & Ff on the ball.
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A 50.0 kg box falls off a 0.49 km cliff.
1) Calculate vi, vf, a, & t.2) Calculate Ff if air
friction is included
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A 10.0 kg box falls off a 0.49 km cliff & hits the
ground in 20.0 s. 1) Calculate vf & a.2) Calculate Ff if air
friction is included
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Calculate the force required to pull a 250 g block at a constant
velocity of 360 km/hr. = 0.30
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Calculate the force required to accelerate a 1500 g block along the floor at 3.0 m/s2.
= 0.25
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Calculate the apparent weight of a 50.0 kg
person on a scale on an elevator descending at
2.0 m/s2.
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Calculate the apparent weight of a 50.0 kg person on a scale on an elevator
ascending at 2.0 m/s2.
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Calculate the period of the pendulum on
Big Ben which is 4.9 m long.
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Calculate the force required to accelerate
a 10.0 kg block straight up at
25 cm/s2.
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Calculate the force required to accelerate
a 50.0 kg block straight up over a pulley at 5.0 m/s2.
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Calculate the acceleration of a system of a 55.0 kg block tied
to a 45.0 kg block hanging over a pulley.
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Calculate the frictional coefficient of a 100.0 kg block if a 150 N
force causes it to accelerate at 50.0 cm/s2.
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Calculate the frictional coefficient
of a 10.0 kg block if a 98 N force causes it to slide at 30.0 cm/s.
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A 5.0 N force accelerates a 1000.0 g block at 45.0 cm/s2.
Calculate K.
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Calculate the acceleration of a system of a 200.0 kg cart on a plane tied to a 50.0 kg block hanging over a
pulley.