forage crop research - millets
TRANSCRIPT
Forage Crop Research
Mr. Prabhakar BabuB.Sc(Ag), PG in Dairy Dev
GoI. - Certified Forage Consultant9000002334
Presentation Content
• Global dairy statistics and trends
• Indian dairy statistics and trends
• Feed and fodder scenario in India
• New generation forages in the world
• New technology interventions in India
• Forage Crops and Acreages
• Business opportunities – Season wise
• New Forage Crops introduced by Foragen
World Milk Production Balance Sheet
155
95
43 42 35 33 31 26 22 15 14 13 12 11 9.49
020406080
100120140160180
Top 10 Countries Milk Prod. – Mn tonns (2015)
Trends in Global dairy farming
Avg. animal lifeMilk Production cost
Dairy Farm Changes Avg. animals per farm
Milk Production – Growth and Estimates
Parameters 2012-13 2013-14 2015-16 2016-17 CAGR 2021-22(E)Milk Production mn Ton 132.4 137.7 155.5 165.4 5.50% 200.0
As per NDDB report milk production needs to increase the annual milk production from 4 million tonnes per year to 7.8 million tonnes(Incremental) as the demand by 2021-22 would be 200 mn Tons.
Milch Animal Population, Production & Forecast
24.5
13.411.2
10.0 9.8 9.2 8.86.5 6.4
4.9
27.7
20.8
13.4
8.7
12.7 12.110.4
5.16.5 7.5
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
UP RJ MP BH GJ AP MH WB KTK TN
Total Cows & Buffaloes - Mn Milk Production in Mn Tonns
Rank Country Animal Pop. Mn % Of Total1 India 245.6 17%2 Brazil 211.8 14%3 China 113.5 8%4 USA 89.3 6%5 Ethiopia 54.0 4%6 Argentina 51.1 3%7 Sudan 41.9 3%8 Pakistan 38.3 3%9 Mexico 32.4 2%10 Australia 29.3 2%
World 1467.5
India contributes 22% in milk production and 17% in animal population
Fodder Availability and Deficit
YearSupply Demand Deficit
Green Dry Green Dry Green % Dry %1995 379.3 421 947 526 60% 20%2000 384.5 428 988 549 61% 22%2005 389.9 443 1,025 569 62% 22%2010 395.2 451 1,061 589 63% 23%2015 400.6 466 1,097 609 63% 23%2020 405.9 473 1,134 630 64% 25%2025 411.3 488 1,170 650 65% 25%CAGR 0.27% 0.49% 0.71% 0.71%
Source: Based on X Five Year Plan Document, Government of India
YearDemand Supply Deficit %
Green Dry Green Dry Green Dry2010 816.8 508.9 525.5 453.2 36% 11%2020 851.3 530.5 590.4 467.6 31% 12%2030 911.6 568.1 687.4 500.0 25% 12%2040 954.8 594.9 761.7 524.4 20% 12%2050 1012.7 631.0 826.0 547.7 18% 13%
Source-IGFRI (ICAR) Vision 2050
• Green Fodder Deficit is –30% to 65% and will be continue as per GOI estimates
• Dry Fodder deficit estimates – 12% to 25%
• CP and TDN also in deficit upto 35% and will be continued
• Fodder deficit mitigation is the major challenge in India
• Forage acreage (8 mn Ha) is not increasing and only with with new fodder crops and verities the deficit can be mitigated
Fodder Crops - India
CROP AREA Mio Ha.SSG 2.0
F. Sorghum 0.6Dual Millet 0.9
F. Corn 0.9Makchari 0.01
Oats 0.1Barley 0.01Clover 2.1Alfalfa 1.0
Cowpea 0.3Cluster Bean 0.2
Rice Bean 0.2Grasses 0.3TOTAL 8.3
3 crops occupies 60% of the areaSSG – Biggest hybrid seed crop with 90% hybridization. Total Sorghum fodders 2.6 Mio Ha.
Biggest crop – Alfalfa/ Clovers are OP
Annuals50%
Perennial - Trees2%
Perennial - Crops9%
Range & Pastures
39%
Annuals Perennial - Trees Perennial - Crops Range & Pastures
Alfalfa12%
Clover25%
SSG24%
Africantall11%
F.Millet11%
F. Sorghum7%
Grasses4%
Silage Corn1%
Cow Pea3%
Alfalfa Clover SSG Africantall F.Millet
F. Sorghum Grasses Silage Corn Cow Pea Oats
Cow Pea Brassica Rice Bean
Seed Market Estimates
Crop Average Acreage Mio Ha
Potential. Size QtyMT - 2020-21
Value – Rs. Crores
SSG (Multi-Cut) 2.0 50000 175Maize - Silage 0.1 7500 131Forage Millet 0.9 16000 112
Africantall 0.9 38250 133Fodder Sorghum 0.6 14000 39
Cow Pea 0.1 2000 18Spring/ Rainy Total 4.6 127750 520
Oats 0.1 10000 28Grasses 0.3 6000 54Clover 2.1 40000 450Alfalfa 1.0 22000 480
Cow Pea 0.2 4000 36Rice Bean 0.0 400 6Brassica 0.0 50 0.5
Winter Total 3.7 82450.0 1014Yearly Total 8.3 210200 1523
Indian Fodder seed market estimates – 1523 crores which is 2nd biggest seed value after cotton. Rainy season crops 520 cr. And Winter season crops – 1000 Crores
Concerns in Indian dairy and available forages
• Highest local cattle strength• Low productive
• Breed Quality
• Traditional Dairy farms
• Milk prices• Production• Commodity
• Quality fodder seed availability
• Lack of proper knowledge on fodders
• Fodder Availability• 65% Deficit in green Fodder• 25% Deficit in Dry Fodder• 30% Deficit in CP/ TDN
• Low Productivity fodder• 90% OP cultivars
• India has about 76 million farms involved in milk production.
• The average milk yield is about 1.2 ton ECM per year which is
65%
• Medium scale family farms with 6-50 cows are about 33% of
the milk production.
• Large scale commercial dairy farming is still at a very nascent
stage
• Rough estimates of about 2% of dairy animals and 5% of milk
production in India
Farm Size No. Animals % in TotalSmall Farms 1 to 5 65Medium Farms 6 to 50 33Large Farms >50 2
Benefits of New Generation Forages
Increase Milk Production
Increase of Milk Productivity
More Lactation Days
Reduced milk production Cost
Increased Conception Rate, Reduced Dry Period
Timely Calving, Healthy Calves
Improved Healthy – Reduced Methane Emission
Technology Interventions in Forage Crops BMR Traits in Sorghums, Corn and Millets
Conventional salt tolerance sorghums
Nitrogen use efficient Save 25% to 30% N
Water Use efficient 15% less water requiremnt
Conventional weedicide resistant – “i.growth” World’s 1st time by Advanta
Brachytic Sorghums Excellent for mechanical harvest and grazing
LPA Sorghums – Low Purussic Acid
Sweet Sorghums – Great Crop 5 F Crop (Food Feed Fodder Fuel and Fibre)
Dual Purpose Forage Crops Fodder + Grain
Mixed Forage Crops – Sweet Sorghum + Cowpea Maize + Cowpea
Parameter% of Increase over
Traditional FoddersGreen Fodder Yield 20% to 35%Dry Matter Variation 10% to 15%Protein Variation 25% to 30%Digestibility Increase 20% to 25%Milk Production Increase 20% to 25%FAT % in Crease in Milk 15% to 20%Lactation Days Increase 15%Conception Rate Increase 20%Dry Period Decrease 20%Animal Health Improvement 30%Milk Production Cost reduction 20%
Segmentation - New Generation ForagesAnnual Forages
Green Fodder
Single Cut
Sorghum
Corn
Multi-Cut
Forage Millets
Sorghums (SSG)
Legumes
Silages
Sorghum
Corn
Grasses
Legumes
Hay
Grasses
Cereals
Legumes
Private Industry Contribution
Forage - Sorghums
SSGs
Forage Sorghums
Perennial Sorghums
Sweet Sorghums
BMR – Sorghums
High- Biomass Sorghums
Silage Sorghums – Grain + Fodder
Perennial Sorghum
• 1st Perennial Sorghum
• Best Suitable for heavy soils with more water table
• Low pest problems comparative with normal SSG
• BMR Stems• Less Seed rate per
acre
BMR – Forage Sorghum
Multi-Cut Forage Sorghum
• Fat Boy is very thick stem Forage Sorghum
• Fast growth forage sorghum in India
• Tall plants with more bio-mass
• Very soft stems and better fodder
• Seed rate is 10 Kg/ ac
• Yields better in high input conditions
• Best suitable for crop rotation
CSH - 24 MF
• CSH – 24 MF is the largest selling sngleforage sorghum hybrid – 5500 Mt
• CSH 24 MF is selling around 75/- to 100/-Kg
• Revenue contribution to industry – 55 Cr from a single hybrid. 20% of Sorghum Revenue
• Certified Forage Sorghum
• Good yield with good palatability
Sweet Sorghum
• 1st Sweet Sorghum Hybrid – Sweet Spot
• Sweet Spot grows well in good management conditions
• Caution is take care of pest
• Excellent for green fodder and Silage
• High sugars more milk
• Good yield potential even at marginal soils and limited moisture conditions.
Generic SSGs
• High quality SSGs• 25 years experience and
performance• 12000 Mt seed production• 22% market share in medium and
high quality SSG market• Exports to 6 countries
• Zoomer – Medium stems and best multi-cut
• Red seeded SSG
• Bolt – Medium to thick stems with multi cut
• Good Germination and best
vigour for better yields
