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COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Substantivos contveis e incontveis

Substantivos contveis (countable nouns) so aqueles usados no singular e no

plural em ingls, enquanto os incontveis (uncountable nouns) so usados

somente no singular. Duas questes so importantes:

Quais so os substantivos incontveis?

Quais determiners (artigos, pronomes adjetivos e adjetivos) podem acompanh-

los?

A maioria dos substantivos da lngua inglesa so contveis; os incontveis so

poucos, mas voc vai precisar memoriz-los. Seguem alguns exemplos:

Uncountable nouns

Substantivos frequentemente usados

incorretamente

luggage, baggage, equipment,

information, advice, software,

hardware, progress, research, furniture,

knowledge, evidence, etc.

Lquidos water, milk, coffee, tea, etc.

Elementos qumicosoxygen, air, pollution, hydrogen, silver,

gold, platinum, uranium, etc.

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Alguns alimentosbread, chocolate, lettuce, cabbage,

cheese, garlic, ham, etc.

A maioria dos fenmenos

meteorolgicosrain, snow, drizzle, frost, fog, etc.

Substantivos terminados em ing e

mentreading, equipment, etc.

Substantivos abstratos

(em especial, sentimentos)

love, hate, friendship, etc.

Nomes de alguns animais deer, sheep, etc.

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

Prepositions are words, which begin prepositional phrases.

A prepositional phrase is a group of words containing a preposition, a noun or

pronoun object of the preposition.

A prepositional phrase is made up of the preposition, its object and any associated

adjectives or adverbs. A prepositional phrase can function as a noun, an adjective,

or an adverb. The most common prepositions are "about," "above," "across,"

"after," "against," "along," "among," "around," "at," "before," "behind," "below,"

"beneath," "beside," "between," "beyond," "but," "by," "despite," "down," "during,"

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"except," "for," "from," "in," "inside," "into," "like," "near," "of," "off," "on," "onto,"

"out," "outside," "over," "past," "since," "through," "throughout," "till," "to," "toward,"

"under," "underneath," "until," "up," "upon," "with," "within," and "without."

PARA QUEM ESQUECEUOS PREPOSITIONS!

Lugar

At usado quando queremos indicar a posio de algo em um ponto, ou quando

pensamos em algum lugar como sendo um ponto:

We'll be meeting each other at the airport.

Turn justify at that costume shop.

On usado quando queremos indicar a posio de algo em uma linha ou sobre

uma superfcie:

The book is on the table.

Her house is on the way from El Salvador to Norway.

In usado quando queremos indicar a posio de algo dentro de espao

tridimensional, ou seja, quando este algo est completamente envolvido pelo lugar

em que se encontra:

Your pen is in that wallet.

I think you'll find her in her office.

Notas: quando nos referimos a meios de transporte, sempre usamos on (I forgot

my bag on the train). Quando nos referimos a endereos, usamos at quando

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damos o nmero (She lives at 103 Callahan Court), e in quando no damos o

nmero (She lives in Callahan Court)

Tempo

Quando temos o tempo exato usamos at:

I always wake up at three o'clock.

Quando temos uma parte do dia usamos in (exceto at night):

I like to swim in the morning.

Quando temos dias usamos on:

I don't work on Sundays.

Quando temos feriados ou fins-de-semana usamos at:

She'll leave at Easter.

Nota: She'll leave on Easter Monday (dia).

Quando o caso no for nenhum dos citados, normalmente usamos in:

She was born in 1824.

That guy lived in the 17th Century.

My birthday is in July.