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INFS 329: DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS

STUDY GUIDE For Undergraduates Level 300

2017 – 2018 Academic Year

Dr. Ebenezer Ankrah, Department of Information Studies, University of Ghana, Legon


Acknowledgements Many thanks to Mr. John Kwateng, a Teaching Assistant who played a critical role in the development of this study guide and the development of the course slides and presentation of the course module on the University of Ghana Sakai Learning Management System.

INFS 329: DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS - STUDY GUIDE 2017 Page 2 of 19

STUDY GUIDE INFS 329: DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

SYSTEMSEARCH METHODS

CONTENTS

COURSE DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................. 5

1. COURSE WEBSITE ............................................................................................................ 5

2. INSTRUCTORS ................................................................................................................. 5

3. Support Contact Information ........................................................................................... 5

5. PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING APPROACH ...................................................................... 6

7. LEARNING OUTCOMES ................................................................................................... 7

7.1 KNOWLEDGE ......................................................................................................................... 7 7.2 SKILLS ....................................................................................................................................... 7 7.3 COMPETENCE ......................................................................................................................... 7

8. ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................... 8

8.1 Individual Assignments .......................................................................................................... 8

9. RECOMMENDED TEXT .................................................................................................... 8

DETAILED CLASS SCHEDULE ...................................................................................................... 9

10. SCHEDULE OF SESSIONS ................................................................................................. 9

11. SESSION 0 – INTRODUCTION TO INFS 329 .................................................................... 9

11.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 9 11.2 Goals and Objectives ....................................................................................................... 9 11.3 Activities and Assignments ................................................................................................ 9

12. SESSION 1 – STORAGE AND FILE STRUCTURES ........................................................... 10

12.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 10 12.2 Goals and Objectives ..................................................................................................... 10 12.3 Activities and Assignments .............................................................................................. 10

13. SESSION 2 – ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS ................................... 10





14. SESSION 3 – CONTEXT OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT ............................................... 11


15. SESSION 4 – DATABASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS ...................................................... 11


16. SESSION 5 – DATA MODELS ......................................................................................... 12


17. SESSION 6 – RELATIONAL DATABASE SYSTEMS .......................................................... 13


18. SESSION 7 – NORMALIZATION OF DATABASE ........................................................... 13


19. SESSION 8 – STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE ........................................................... 14


20. SESSION 9 – MODELING DATA .................................................................................... 14


21. SESSION 10 – OBJECT-ORIENTED DATABASES ............................................................ 15


22. SESSION 11 – DATABASE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE ..................................................... 16





23. SESSION 12 – THE INTERNET DATABASE ENVIRONMENT ........................................... 16


24. SESSION 13 – NEW APPLICATIONS OF DBMS .............................................................. 17





COURSE DESCRIPTION

1. COURSE WEBSITE

http://sakai.ug.edu.gh

2. INSTRUCTORS

Dr. Ebenezer Ankrah Dept. of Information Studies University of Ghana, Legon P. O. Box LG 78 Legon, Accra Email: [email protected] Office: Dept. of Info Studies

3. Support Contact Information

School of Continuing and Distance Education University of Ghana P. O. Box 31 Legon, Accra Phone: +233-303-938-855 Email: [email protected]

http://sakai.ug.edu.gh/

mailto:[email protected]




4. OVERVIEW

The general objective of this course is to introduce students to Database Management System. The specific objectives are:

• To ensure that students acquire practical skills for designing and developing DBMS; • To help students understand principles and syntax of Structured Query Language

(SQL) • To enable students to link the DBMS to web applications.

The proposed research course has two separate but closely related components – The practical and the theoretical components. By becoming familiar with the database management systems, students should be competent in designing and developing a simple database. These should include tables, forms, queries and reports. The topics to be covered include the Storage and File Structures, Advantages and Disadvantages of DBMS, Context of Database Management, Database Development Process, Data Models, Relational Database Systems, Normalization, Structured Query Language, Modeling Data, Object-oriented Databases, Database Systems Architecture, The Internet Database Environment and New Applications of DBMS The student will engage in a mini-research project to obtain a first-hand experience in applying the DBMS to a real life issue.

5. PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING APPROACH

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject through the experience of problem solving. The goals of PBL are to help the students develop flexible knowledge, effective problem solving skills, self-directed learning, effective collaboration skills and intrinsic motivation. This course will use a problem-based learning approach. Working in groups, students identify what they already know, what they need to know, and how and where to access new information that may lead to resolution of the problem. The role of the instructor/lecturer/tutor is to facilitate learning by supporting, guiding, and monitoring the learning process. The tutor will help build students' confidence to take on the problem, and encourage the students, while also stretching their understanding.

6. COURSE FORMAT

The course content will be delivered online through the SAKAI Learning Management System (Sakai LMS). The Sakai LMS will be used to deliver

• Video Lecture Sessions • Session Slides • Session Reading Materials • Assessments – Tests, Quizzes and Assignments (including a Problem-based Term

Paper) • Group activities – Discussions and Presentations

Announcements will be posted to the course website and/email accordingly. It is the responsibility of students to check on announcements made in class, on the Course Website, and through email.




7. LEARNING OUTCOMES

The learning outcomes for the course are outlined along three strands: knowledge, skills and outcomes.

7.1 KNOWLEDGE

Students must have knowledge on 1. The types and ranges of database applications. 2. Manual system, file-based and database systems. 3. The different methods and techniques that are use for database development. 4. The interaction between practical and theoretical database approach. 5. Components of a database management system. 6. The forms of plagiarism and referencing styles as used in research reports.

7.2 SKILLS

Students must be able to 1. Identify and critically review appropriate from 1NF to 3NF. 2. Analyse and develop an appropriate data model to address a specific data model

problem in a given database. 3. Apply appropriate file organization techniques in storage devices. 4. Apply appropriate relationship type to a given situation. 5. Use discussion for and wikis to organise group work activities to discuss entities and

attributesl. 6. Communicate term project results and processes in a coherent, structured, and

understandable manner, both in writing, verbally and graphically. 7. Plan and carry out a presentation of the project.

7.3 COMPETENCE

Students should in the future be able to 1. Design and develop a simple database system 2. Conceptualize research and business problems and develop appropriate database

system for the organization. 3. Engage in a dialogue on the merits and demerits of database management systems. 4. Optimize own participation in a group-based project and make a joint presentation of

the project results.




8. ASSESSMENT

The assessment for this course has been designed to help all students to maximize their individual and group/team learning opportunities. A summary of the assessment tasks is provided below.

ITEM FORM OF ASSESSMENT DELIVERED MARKS

Individual Assignments

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Short Essays Term Paper/Presentation

Alongside Sessions

20%

Group Assignments

Term Project/Paper/ Presentation

Alongside Sessions

10%

Written Examination

Semester Examination End of semester

70%

Total 100%

8.1 Individual Assignments

Individual assignments will be provided at end of sessions. These assignments may be in the form of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), Short Essays and/or a Term paper or presentation. Deadlines will be provided for each assignment with respect to scheduling of the sessions.

9. RECOMMENDED TEXT

Helman, P. (2000). The Science of Database Management. IRWIN. Boston, Massachusetts.

R. R. Donnelly and Sons Company.

Hoffer, J. A., Prescott, M. B., & Topi, H. (2009). Modern Database Management. Pearson

Prentice Hall.

Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., & Sudarshan, S. (2010). Database System Concepts. Boston,

Massachusetts. WCB: McGraw-Hill.




DETAILED CLASS SCHEDULE The course is organized into 13 SESSIONS along the following lines: (1) Overview; (2) Goals and Objectives; and (3) Activities and Assignments.

10. SCHEDULE OF SESSIONS

Week Session

1 Sessions 0 and 1

2 Session 2

3 Session 3

4 Session 4

5 Session 5

6 Session 6

7 Session 7

8 Session 8

9 Session 9

10 Session 10

11 Session 11

12 Session 12

13 Session 13

11. SESSION 0 – INTRODUCTION TO INFS 329

11.1 Overview

Introductions and orientation to the use of the Sakai Learning Management System (LMS) and the available tools for the course.

11.2 Goals and Objectives

At the end of the session, the student will 1. Understand the subject matter of this course – Database Management System (DBMS)

and how to plan and develop a DBMS 2. Become familiar with the tools in the Sakai LMS to be used in the course 3. Do self-introductions and discuss the expectations for the course in the Chat Room

11.3 Activities and Assignments

This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh 2. Watch the Video for Session 1 - Course Introduction 3. Visit the Chat Room and introduce yourself while discussing expectations for the course 4. Explore the online tools available in Sakai.




12. SESSION 1 – STORAGE AND FILE STRUCTURES

12.1 Overview

Several types of data storage exist in most computer systems. These storage media are classified by the speed with which data can be accessed by the cost per unit of data to buy the medium, and by the medium’s reliability. This session seeks to introduce students to the characteristics of the underlying storage media and explain the various data structures that will allow fast access of data.


At the end of the session, the student will 1. Understand the basic concepts underlying different storage media and buffer

management

2. Understand the basic concepts underlying different file structures and organization of

records in files

3. Understand how physical storage media are classified

4. Explain the Storage Hierarchy concept in Database Storage and File Structures


This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh/ 2. Read Chapter 10 of Recommended Text – Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., & Sudarshan,

S. (2010). 3. Watch the Videos for Session 1 – Storage and File Structures 4. Review Lecture Slides: Session 1 – Storage and File Structures 5. Visit the Chat Room and discuss the Forum question for Session 1 6. Complete the Individual Assignment for Session 1

13. SESSION 2 – ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS

13.1 Overview

The database approach emphasizes the integration and sharing of data throughout the organization. DBMS is a central system which provides a common interface between the data and the various front-end programs in the application. It also provides a central location for the whole data in the application to reside. This session seeks explain the advantages and disadvantages of Database Management System.


At the end of the session, the student will 1. Identify some advantages associated with Database Management Systems 2. Identify some disadvantages associated with Database Management Systems 3. Be able to discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of DBMS 4. Understand why DBMS is preferred to other data management systems

http://sakai.ug.edu.gh/





This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh 2. Read Chapter 1 of Recommended Text – Hoffer, J. A., Prescott, M. B., & Topi, H.

(2009) 3. Watch the Videos for Session 2 – Advantages and Disadvantages of DBMS 4. Review Lecture Slides: Session 2 – Advantages and Disadvantages of DBMS 5. Visit the Chat Room and discuss the Forum question for Session 2 6. Complete the Individual Assignment for Session 2

14. SESSION 3 – CONTEXT OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT

14.1 Overview

The world has become a very complex place. The advantage goes to people and organizations that collect, manage, and interpret information effectively. This session provides direction to students on how to understand the basic concepts in DBMS as well as the components of DBMS.


At the end of the session, the student will 1. Understand and explain the basic concepts in DBMS 2. Be able to identify the components of Database Management Systems 3. Be able to identify different types of data management 4. Understand the basic functions of DBMS


This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh 2. Watch the Videos for Session 3 – Context of Database Management 3. Review Lecture Slides: Session 3 – Context of Database Management 4. Read Chapter 1 of Recommended Text – Hoffer, J. A., Prescott, M. B., & Topi, H.

(2009) 5. Visit the Chat Room and discuss the Forum question for Session 3 6. Complete the Individual Assignment for Session 3

15. SESSION 4 – DATABASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

15.1 Overview

A core aspect of software engineering is the subdivision of the development process into a series of phases, or steps, each of which focuses on one aspect of the development. The collection of these steps is sometimes referred to as a development life cycle. This session provides direction to students on how to identify and understand each of the steps in the database development process.





At the end of the session, the student will 1. Describe the various stages involved in a Database Development Process

2. Explain the Prototyping Approach in Database Development

3. Explain the three-tiered architectures involved in Database Development.

4. Understand the three-schema approach to Database Development

5. Be able to develop a simple data model


This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh 2. Watch the Videos for Session 4 – Database Development Process 3. Review Lecture Slides: Session 4 – Database Development Process 4. Read Chapter 2 of Recommended Text – Hoffer, J. A., Prescott, M. B., & Topi, H.


16. SESSION 5 – DATA MODELS

16.1 Overview

A model is a simplified version of something complex and can be used in analyzing and solving problems or making predictions of that something. Designing a database properly is fundamental to establishing a database that meets the needs of the users. Data models capture the nature and relationships among data and are used at different levels of abstraction as a database is conceptualized and design. This session explains the various types of data models and the types of relationship.


At the end of the session, the student will 1. Be able to explain the role of data models 2. Understand the types of data models 3. Understand the advantages and disadvantages associated with data models 4. Identify the various types of relationships that could be associated with the models 5. Understand the various types of relationships


This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh 2. Watch the Videos for Session 5 – Data models 3. Review Lecture Slides: Session 5 – Data Models 4. Read Chapter 5 of Recommended Text – Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., & Sudarshan, S.





17. SESSION 6 – RELATIONAL DATABASE SYSTEMS

17.1 Overview

Relational database is a type of database that stores information in tables – rows and columns of data and conducts searches by using data in specified columns of one table to find additional data in another table. This session explains the relational database terminologies, relational models and the advantages and disadvantages of relational databases.


At the end of the session, the student will 1. Be able to explain the relational operations 2. Be able to explain the concept of integrity constraint 3. Be able to differentiate between the various relational keys 4. Understand and apply the relational model to a given database 5. Understand integrity constrains of relational databases


This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh 2. Watch the Videos for Session 6 – Relational Database Systems 3. Review Lecture Slides: Session 6 – Relational Database Systems 4. Read Chapter 3 of Recommended Text – Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., & Sudarshan, S.


18. SESSION 7 – NORMALIZATION OF DATABASE

18.1 Overview

Normalization is a technique used when designing a database. Normalization involves a multi-step process with aim to reduce data redundancy and to help eliminate data anomalies that can result from such redundancy. Normalization works through a series of stages, described as normal forms: the first three stages are referred to as: first normal form (1NF); second normal form (2NF); and third normal form (3NF). This session seeks to discuss the various forms of normalization.


At the end of the session, the student will: 1. Be able to identify and explain the various types of normalization 2. Discuss importance of the normalization in the database design. 3. Discuss the problems related to data redundancy. 4. Apply the functional dependency concept in normalization. 5. Discuss the characteristics of the three normal forms. 6. Employ normalization process up to third normal forms in the design of a database.





This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh 2. Watch the Videos for Session 7 – Normalization 3. Review Lecture Slides: Session 7 – Normalization 4. Read Chapter 7 of Recommended Text – Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., & Sudarshan, S.


19. SESSION 8 – STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE

19.1 Overview

Structured Query Language (SQL) was developed in the 1970s.It was standardized by ANSI and ISO in the 1980s. It is supported by all major database vendors. It is a declarative language (and thus easier to use than procedural languages). It is used for building databases, storing data, retrieving data, and managing data. This session seeks to explain the syntax use in writing SQL statements and how to generate reports.


At the end of the session, the student will: 1. Be able to identify and explain the components of SQL syntax 2. Write simple SQL queries to query individual tables 3. Understand and apply the various data types used in databases 4. Differentiate between the various SQL statements


This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh 2. Watch the Videos for Session 8 – Structured Query Language 3. Review Lecture Slides: Session 8 – Structured Query Language 4. Read Chapter 7 of Recommended Text – Hoffer, J. A., Prescott, M. B., & Topi, H.

(2009). 5. Visit the Chat Room and discuss the Forum question for Session 8 6. Complete the Individual Assignment for Session 8

20. SESSION 9 – MODELING DATA

20.1 Overview

Modeling languages and modeling formalisms are tools used to describe models. One fundamental characteristics of the relational database approach is that it provides some level of data abstraction by hiding details of data storage that are not needed for the understanding of ender users. This session seeks to explain the concept of data modeling and explain the key terminologies in data modeling.





At the end of the session, the student will 1. Be able to explain the concept of data modeling 2. Understand the ER modeling 3. Understand the difference between entities and attributes 4. Understand the concept of data dictionary 5. Describe cardinality constraints and weak entities


This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh 2. Watch the Videos for Session 9 – Modeling Data 3. Review Lecture Slides: Session 9 – Modeling Data 4. Read Chapter 4 of Recommended Text – Helman, P. (2000) 5. Visit the Chat Room and discuss the Forum question for Session 9 6. Complete the Individual Assignment for Session 9

21. SESSION 10 – OBJECT-ORIENTED DATABASES

21.1 Overview

Simply put, an object oriented database, or OODBMS (Object Oriented Database Management System), is a database that can store objects. When queried, these databases return the objects in their entirety, which means a returned object’s attributes and methods are as usable as they were before the object was ever stored in the database. There are a variety of OODMBS platforms available to the public, as well as a great number of APIs and query languages to use with them. This is because there is no prominent standard for object oriented databases, unlike the widely-accepted SQL standard for relational databases. This session provides direction to students on how to apply the Object oriented concept to database.


At the end of the session, the student will: 1. Understand Object Oriented Database Systems

2. Know the four major descriptions of an object

3. Appreciate some Advantages as well as drawbacks associated with Object Oriented

Database Systems

4. Differentiate between Object Oriented Databases and Relational Databases


This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh 2. Watch the Videos for Session 10 – Objected-Oriented Databases 3. Review Lecture Slides: Session 10 – Objected-Oriented Databases 4. Read Chapter 8 of Recommended Text – Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., & Sudarshan, S.

(2010). 5. Visit the Chat Room and discuss the Forum question for Session 10




6. Complete the Individual Assignment for Session 10

22. SESSION 11 – DATABASE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

22.1 Overview

The architecture of a database system is greatly influenced by the underlying computer system on which the database system runs. Aspects of computer architecture such as networking, parallelism and distribution are reflected in the architecture of the database system. This session seeks to introduce students to the various types of database system architectures.


At the end of the session, the student will 1. State and explain the various Database System Architectures

2. Explain with illustrations, a centralized database architecture

3. Understand the categories of a Server System Architecture

4. Identify the various types of network topologies that suit the various database

Architectures


This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh/ 2. Watch the Videos for Session 11 – Database System Architecture 3. Review Lecture Slides: Session 11 – Database System Architecture 4. Read Chapter 16 of Recommended Text – Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., & Sudarshan,

S. (2010). 5. Visit the Chat Room and discuss the Forum question for Session 11 6. Complete the Individual Assignment for Session 11

23. SESSION 12 – THE INTERNET DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

23.1 Overview

As the use of the World Wide Web (www) has escalated, the importance of databases to this growth has become ever more evident. The public internet and the private intranets can be thought of as vast client/server architectures with very thin clients and fat servers. The servers store information in databases to be sent to the browsers on request. Attaching a database to a web application may open up access to that database in unintended ways if the developer is not data security conscious. This session seeks to explain the importance of attaching a database to the web and also explaining basic internet database environment concepts.


At the end of the session, the student will 1. Understand the concept of Internet Database Environment




2. Understand basic Internet Database Environment concepts and terminologies as well as

internet related languages

3. Understand the difference between Server Side Extensions and Client Side Extensions.

4. Identify some website security issues and how security could be enhanced in an internet

database environment.


This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh 2. Watch the Videos for Session 12 – The Internet Database Environment 3. Review Lecture Slides: Session 12 – The Internet Database Environment 4. Read Chapter 10 of Recommended Text – Hoffer, J. A., Prescott, M. B., & Topi, H.


24. SESSION 13 – NEW APPLICATIONS OF DBMS

24.1 Overview

Relational databases have been in use for over two decades. A large portion of the applications of relational databases have been in the commercial word, supporting such tasks as transaction processing for banks and stock exchanges, sales and reservations for a variety of businesses, and inventory and payroll for almost all companies. New application of DBMS has become increasingly important. This session seeks to explain some of the new application of database management systems.


At the end of the session, the student will 1. Identify and explain some of the new applications of DBMS

2. Understand new trends as well as applications in Database Management Systems

3. Be expose to Enterprise Cloud Database Application

4. Able to understand some core issues in Multimedia databases


This week, complete the following tasks: 1. Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: http://sakai.ug.edu.gh 2. Watch the Videos for Session 13 – New Applications of DBMS 3. Review Lecture Slides: Session 13 – New Applications of DBMS 4. Read Chapter 21 of Recommended Text – Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., & Sudarshan,

S. (2010) 5. Visit the Chat Room and discuss the Forum question for Session 13 6. Complete the Individual Assignment for Session 13

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