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TRANSCRIPT
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
UK National Action Plan for Pesticides:
integrating regulation andnon-regulatory
approaches
James ClarkeChairman
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Presentation content
• The role of the Pesticides Forum (PF)• Thematic strategy (for pesticides) • The UK National Action Plan (NAP)
– EU context– UK approach
• Indicators of Sustainable Use– By key heading in NAP
• Summary and future plans
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Pesticides in the UK
• Pesticides Forum annual report• Impacts and sustainable use• PPT of data available
www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
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About the Pesticides
Forum
Members, objectives and topics covered
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Pesticides Forum Membership OrganisationsUsers, Advisors, Manufacturers, Environment, Consumers
ADAS
The Organic Sector
Advisory Committee on Pesticides (ACP)
Agricultural Engineers Association (AEA)
Agricultural Industries Confederation (AIC)
Agriculture & Horticulture Development Board (AHDB)
The Amenity Forum
BASIS (Registration) Ltd
The Co-operative Farms
Country Land & Business Association (CLA)
Crop Protection Association (CPA)
Environment Agency (EA)
Fresh Produce Consortium/British Retail Consortium
The Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust (GWCT)
Linking the Environment & Farming (LEAF)
National Farmers’ Union (NFU)
National Farmers’ Union Scotland (NFUS)
Pesticide Action Network (PAN-UK)
Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC)
Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH)
SUSTAIN
Unite
Voluntary Initiative (VI)
Wildlife & Countryside LINK (WCL)
Women’s Food & Farming Union (WFU)
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Aims and ObjectivesAims:• To oversee work under the UK National Action Plan• To monitor the effects of policies, laws and other
initiatives that affect or are affected by the use of pesticides, and
• To offer advice to Ministers and stakeholders• To provide a forum for exchanging views, and where
possible to allow our stakeholders to come to a general agreement
Specific Objectives:• Communications• Monitoring impacts • Knowledge transfer
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
The UK National Action
Plan
Available from:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pesticides-uk-national-action-plan
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Thematic strategy (for PPPs)
Disposal/degradation
Pre-marketing
Use
Authorisation regulation
1107/2009/EC
Pesticides and Waste law
Machinery Directive
2009/127/EC (Amended)
Sustainable Use Directive2009/128/EC
Statistics regulation
1185/2009/EC
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
National Action Plan (NAP)
• NAP setting objectives, targets, measures and timetables
• Indicators to monitor products containing substances of concern
• Use reduction targets if appropriate for risk reduction
• To take account of health, social , economic and environmental impacts, national, regional and local conditions and other legislation (e.g. WFD)
• Public participation• To Commission by November 2012 and reviewed 5
yearly
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
UK National Action Plan: Approach
• Outlines pesticides legislative regime– Authorisation, MRLs, Sustainable Use Directive
• Explains government’s wider strategic priorities– reducing burdens in business, improving productivity and
competitiveness of farming, enhancing the environment and biodiversity
– adopting a proportionate approach to regulation and removing un-necessary burdens
• Clarifies roles– Defra with strategic oversight, government and non-governmental
organisations to work together• Stakeholder consultations, role for the Pesticide Forum,
supported by short-life and standing working groups
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
National Action Plan (NAP)
• Required under implementation of the Sustainable Use Directive for PPPs
• Provides framework for:– reducing the risks and impacts of pesticide use
on human health and the environment– promoting the use of integrated pest
management and of alternative approaches or techniques, such as non-chemical alternatives to pesticides.
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
National Action Plan
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Role of PF and NAP
• Ensure appropriate regulation and compliance
• Encourage current best practice• Monitor progress (indicators)• Identify and promote even better practice
– Regulation– Industry initiatives– Research and Development
• Short-life working groups
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
NAP – main headings• Training
– Improving standards – Operators - (R), advisers• Sales – storekeeper certification• Information and awareness raising
– Consumer and health protection, wildlife protection• Inspection of application equipment
– Sprayer testing (R)- every 3 years from 2020; Annual (Assurance Schemes)• Aerial application – very limited, permitted application only• Protection of aquatic environment and drinking water• Risk in specific areas
– Protected areas, amenity• Handling & storage, packaging
– Sub-group & communication• Integrated Pest Management (IPM) – encourage and support uptake
– Baselines, sectoral needs, IPM Plans• Indicators – Usage data (R), needs
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Key issues: NAP
• Protection of water• Best practice in Amenity and Amateur• Integrated approaches
– Availability and viable techniques– Adoption
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Indicators of Sustainable Use
3
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Part 1: Training
4
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Training and Certification
Training – initial and on-going – by November 2012• Access for users, distributors and advisors, to
recognise different roles• Training bodies designated by the competent
authorities.Certification - by November 2013• Establish certification systems. Designate
competent authorities responsible for implementation
• Establish requirements and procedures to grant, renew and withdraw certificates.
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Training
• Context Importance of training, market is able to meet demand and deliver to an appropriate quality. Retailer assurance schemes promote continuing professional development
• Regulation Law requires that all users must be trained initially. CRD has established system for designation of training bodies. Content of existing training courses has been updated
• Non-regulatory Industry has developed continuing professional development training programmes for users and initial and ongoing training for advisors and distributors
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 1: Indicator - User practice: National Register of Sprayer Operators (NRoSO)
(number of members & % sprayed area)
Source: VI Annual Report 2011-2012
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
% s
pray
ed a
rea
num
ber o
f tes
ts
NRoSO Members % sprayed area covered
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 2: Indicator - User Practice: BASIS professional register (number of members)
Source: BASIS *2012 figure as at 31 Jan 2013
0500
1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,000
num
ber o
f mem
bers
Membership of BASIS Professional Register
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Part 2: Sales
.
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Sales
• distributors of non-professional products to provide general information on risks/mitigation/low-risk alternatives.
by November 2015• distributers of professional products have sufficient staff
with training certificate in employment.• Staff with certificate to be available at time of sale.• Micro-distributors may be exempt if not selling certain types
of products.• Member states to take measures to restrict sales of
professional products to persons holding the certificate.
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
SalesR&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
• Context Pesticides purchased ‘on account’. Responsible distributors make enquiries before selling to persons ‘unknown’
• Regulation Law requires: distributors to have sufficient staff with certificate available at point of sale; any person who purchases a pesticide to ensure end user holds a certificate; distributors of non-professional products to provide general information; and that storekeepers take ‘reasonable precautions’ to protect human health and the environment
• Other measures – High standards promoted by BASIS nominated
storekeeper certificate– Information for non-professional products on
simple/clear labels and Amateur Liaison Group
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 3: BASIS Nominated Storekeeper (NSK) / Amenity Storekeeper (Amenity NSK) training courses:
Total number of successful candidates
Source: BASIS
NSK, 5029
Amenity NSK, 1294
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 4: BASIS Garden Centre qualification (Guardian Certificate in Garden Care):
number of candidates and passes
Source: BASIS
01020304050607080
Year
No. of candidates No. of passes
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Part 3: Information
and awareness raising
4
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Information and awareness raising
• Member states to take measures to inform the public and facilitate information and awareness raising programmes
• Information should be balanced and accurate and cover risks to human health and the environment and use of non-chemical alternatives
• Member states to put in place systems for gathering information on pesticide poisoning incidents
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Information and awareness raising
• Context Active sharing of information by government and stakeholders. EU Commission developing guidance document on monitoring systems
• Regulation Revised labelling to products (e.g. hard surfaces)
• Other measures Reviews on human health monitoring arrangements
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 5: Indicator - Consumer protection: Maximum Residues Levels compliance
% of fruit and vegetable samples tested and found with one or more residues above the MRL
0123456789
10
All samples UK samples Other EC (non-UK) samples
Non-EC samples
% sa
mpl
es w
ith re
sidu
es a
bove
MRL
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: Defra Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues in Food
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 6: Indicator - Human health protection: PIAP investigations
Source: HSE Pesticide Incident Appraisal Panel Report 2011-12
Nu
mb
er o
f in
cid
ents
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180Other complaints Alleged ill-health - unconfirmed Confirmed/likely/open
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 7: Indicator - Pesticide poisoning incidents investigated by the Wildlife Incident Investigation
Scheme (WIIS)
Source: CRD
0
50
100
150
200
250
num
ber
of c
ases
Abuse Misuse Approved use Unspecified use Veterinary compounds
* Numbers for 1995 refer to vertebrate incidents only . They do not not include bees, other invertebrates or fish.
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Part 4: Inspection of application equipment
5
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Inspection of application equipmentMany different deadlines
• Certified equipment used from 2016. – 5 yearly tests until 2020, 3 yearly thereafter
• Possible exemptions or differing arrangements for certain types of application equipment
• Users to conduct regular calibrations and technical checks
• Designation of bodies to conduct tests/certification systems
• Mutual recognition of certificates
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Inspection of application equipment
• Context Market supplies demand for annual testing of application equipment
• Regulation New law requires all equipment to be tested in line with requirements of the directive. Also requires CRD to designate bodies to conduct inspections, keep a register of inspectors and grant certificates. Low-scale of use equipment to be inspected every 6 years. Derogation for knapsacks and handhelds. Professional users must carry out regular calibration checks
• Non-regulatory measures Retailer protocols specify annual testing of equipment
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 8: Indicator - User practice: National Sprayer Testing Scheme (NSTS)
(number of sprayer tests and % sprayed area)
Source: VI Annual Report 2010-11 and NSTS /AEA (2011/2012)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000Tests % Sprayed area covered
nu
mb
er o
f te
sts
% s
pra
yed
are
a
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 9: Membership of crop assurance schemes on holdings sampled in the United Kingdom Pesticide
Usage Survey
Source: Pesticide Usage Survey
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Arable crops - 2010 (n = 544)
Soft fruit - 2010 (n = 275)
Outdoor vegetables- 2011 (n = 595)
Edible protected crops - 2011 (n = 237)
Fodder & forage crops - 2009 (n = 688)1
Orchards - 2008 (n = 227)1
Orchards - 2008 (n = 170)1,2
%
Percentage of sampled area grown Percentage of holdings with crop assurance
n = number of farms surveyed1 = Surveys of GB only2 = Excluding holdings only growing cider apples
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Part 5: Aerial application
Indicators• 408 permits issued in 2012
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Aerial spraying
• Prohibited but derogation possible if conditions met• Designate authorities to set out conditions/
circumstances under which aerial spraying can be carried out
• Designated authority to consider application plans and issue permits to spray
• Monitoring to check compliance• Records to be kept and made available to the public
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Aerial spraying
• Regulation Law allows CRD to issue permit to spray only when relevant conditions exist. Aviation legislation also regulates low-flying activities. Nature conservation legislation also relevant where CRD permits applications in or close to protected areas
• Non-regulatory Aerial Application Association developing Operating Standards (best practice guide)
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Part 6: Measures to
protect the aquatic environment and
drinking water6
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Protection of the aquatic environment and drinking water
• ‘Appropriate measures’ support Water Framework Directive
• Give preference to particular products and application techniques
• Use mitigation measures that minimise risk of off-site pollution – including buffer zones and safeguard zones
• Minimise or eliminate applications on man-made surfaces with risk of run-off to water
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Protection of the aquatic environment
and drinking water
• Context Pesticide pollution of water means that UK may fail to meet requirements of Water Framework Directive. Good understanding of pesticides which most frequently pollute surface waters and groundwaters
• Regulation Use of risk assessment and mitigation measures. Users to take ‘reasonable precautions’ to protect the environment, confine spray to target areas, minimise use in identified higher risk areas and give preference to particular product types. Also use of water legislation
• Incentives Use of subsidies to encourage adoption of best practice measures
• Non-regulatory Government and industry published guidance (Codes of Practice, Voluntary Initiative, Campaign for the Farmed Environment, Get Pelletwise, Amenity Forum), Catchment Sensitive Farming programme
• Research and Development programme to improve – understanding of behaviour of pesticides once released into the
environment; precision of spraying; and safe disposal practice
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 10: Indicator - Surface water Drinking Water Protected Areas (DrWPAs) in England and Wales where assessments indicate pesticides are putting WFD Article 7 compliance at risk
Source: Environment Agency
• 15% at risk of non-compliance– metaldehyde– MCPA– chlorotoluron– mecoprop-P– carbetamide– 2,4-D– propyzamide
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 14: Indicator – Groundwater bodies in England and Wales failing WFD objectives due to pesticides
Source: Environment Agency
• 5% at risk of non-compliance– bentazone– mecoprop-Pand 5 pesticides no
longer available
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 16: Indicator - Number of substantiated category 1 and 2 pollution incidents for land, air or water, involving agricultural
and non-agricultural pesticides
Source: Environment Agency
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
num
ber
of in
cide
nts
Agricultural Non-agricultural
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Part 7: Reduction of
risk in specific areas
7
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Reduction of use or risk in specific areas
• Member states shall, taking account of hygiene, public health and biodiversity requirements, ensure use in minimised or prohibited in:
a. areas used by the general public or vulnerable groups (parks, gardens, sports and recreation grounds, school grounds and children’s playgrounds and in the close vicinity of healthcare facilities)
b. WFD protected areas or Natura 2000 sitesc. recently treated areas accessible to agricultural workers
• The use of low-risk products and biological control measures shall be considered in the first instance
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Reduction of use or risk in specific areas
• Context 10% of all pesticide use in public spaces. Use in conservation areas also subject to conditions of nature protection legislation
• Regulation Risk assessment process considers risk to public and workers in recently treated areas and imposes relevant mitigation measures (worker and human health protection legislation also relevant). Nature protection legislation imposes enhanced controls for sensitive sites
• Non-regulatory Amenity Forum developing best practice guidance. Training providers launching NASOR and Amenity Assured
• Research and Development into effectiveness and cost of integrated approaches
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Part 8: Handling and storage
of pesticides & treatment of their
packaging and remnants
7
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Handling and storage
• Adopt measures necessary to ensure the ensure following professional operations do not endanger human health or the environment
a. storage, handling, dilution and mixing before applicationb. handling and packaging of remnantsc. disposal of tank mixtures after applicationd. cleaning of equipment after applicatione. recovery or disposal of remnants and packaging in accordance with
relevant waste legislation• Storage areas constructed to ensure they prevent ‘unwanted
releases• Adopt measures to ensure non-professional users avoid dangerous
handling operations (low-toxicity products, RTU, pack sizes)
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Handling and storage
• Context Evidence suggests generally done to a high standard but some groups of users better than others
• Regulation Risk assessment process identifies and mitigates risk (e.g. use closed transfer systems, container sizes, etc). Special requirements for authorisation of non-professional products. Legislation on use requires adoption of ‘reasonable precautions’ and construction of storage areas to prevent unwanted releases. Also legislation on pollution, waste, transport, accident hazards and building standards
• Non-regulatory Government and industry guidance. Capital grants also available in Catchment Sensitive Farming Scheme for infrastructure investments. Pesticide Forum Container Management Group
• Industry Voluntary Initiative promoting TOPPS guidance. BASIS store inspection scheme. Retailer protocols require adoption of relevant standards. Specific amenity and amateur guidance
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 20: Indicator - User practice: Cross compliance checks, legislative breaches under SMR 9
and SMR 11 in 2011
Source: RPA inspection records
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland
num
ber
of in
spec
tions
Inspections Breaches
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 21: Variation in Cross Compliance Breach Rate (SMR 9 & SMR 11) between 2006 and 2011
Source: RPA inspection records
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
% B
reac
h Ra
te
England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 22: Comparison of number of cross compliance (SMR 9 and SMR 11) breaches and breach severity in 2011
Source: RPA inspection records n%= % reduction of Single Payment Scheme claim WL = Warning letter
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland
num
ber
of b
reac
hes
WL 1% 2% 3% 5% >5% - 15% >15%
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Part 9: Integrated Pest Management
(IPM)7
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Integrated Pest Management
• Take measures to promote low-input pest management (IPM and organic farming) – giving priority to non-chemical methods
• Establish and support establishment of conditions for implementation of IPM, ensuring users have information and tools to monitor pests and make decisions and access to advisory services
• Report to the Commission on the way in which and how successful they have been, in meeting these requirements by 30 June 2013
• Describe in NAP how they will ensure general principles of IPM are implemented by users by 1 January 2014
• Establish appropriate incentives to encourage users to implement crop or sector specific IPM guidelines on voluntary basis. Guidelines can be drawn up by public bodies or user organisations
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Integrated Pest Management
• Context Many users adopting elements of an integrated approach. Barriers to uptake are lack of quality and consistent level of control
• Regulation Training programmes must cover integrated approaches. Biopesticides Scheme to support registration of products
• Incentives Government support for farmers converting to organic production
• Non-regulatory Retailer protocols promote practices consistent with the general principles of IPM. Particular guidance for Forestry
• Research and Development Alternative approaches significant part of research programme
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
IPM• IPM = ICM (crop) = IFM (farm)• What is the baseline? • Sectoral needs vary• IPM Plans
– Agenda item October 2013 PF meeting– Check list– Greater encouragement– Site and season specific – Identify and monitor priorities at farm level
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 23: Indicator - User practice: Crop Protection Management Plans (CPMPs)
(area covered in hectares)
Source: VI Annual Report 2011-12 (*2011/12 figure is CPMP/LEAF combined data)
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2003/4 2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12*
Voluntary Initiative CPMP LEAF Audit
hec
tare
s
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 24: Indicator - Population of selected UK farmland bird species
Source: Defra/British Trust for Ornithology/Joint Nature Conservation Committee/RSPB
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Corn Bunting Grey Partridge Yellowhammer All Species (19)
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 25: Indicator - Population of all UK bird species
Source: Defra
Ind
ex (
1970
=1)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Generalist farmland (7) Specialists farmland (12) Farmland birds (19 spp)All (122 spp) Wood (38 spp) Seabirds (19 spp)
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Figure 26: Indicator – Cumulative numbers of active substances and products approved as biopesticides, in any one year
Source: HSE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Active substances Products
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 27: Comparison of number of biopesticides (active substances) registered in each EU member state according to the
UK definition of a biopesticide (as at May 2012)
Source: EU Pesticides Database, 2012
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Mal
ta
Rom
ania
Latv
ia
Lith
uani
a
Esto
nia
Port
ugal
Slov
akia
Czec
h
Pola
nd
Aus
tria
Bul
gari
a
Hun
gary
Cypr
us
Irel
and
Den
mar
k
Finl
and
Gre
ece
Luxe
mbo
urg
Ger
man
y
Slov
enia
Swed
en
Bel
gium
Uni
ted
King
dom
Ital
y
Net
herl
ands
Spai
n
Fran
ce
Pheromone
Microbials & plant extracts
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
1316
13 12
66
512
1515
13
13
1
2
2
22
2
3
34
4
4
32
2
2
1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1995 2000 2005 2010Year
vertebrate control
soil sterilant
molluscicides
Plant Growth Regulator (PGR)
insecticides
fungicides
herbicides
Notes: 1995: 1 herbicide only available as SOLA/EAMU2000: 1 fungicide, 1 herbicide, 1 insecticide only available as SOLA/EAMU2005: 3 fungicides, 1 herbicide, 4 insecticides, 1 PGR only available as SOLA/EAMU2010: 7 fungicides, 2 herbicides, 4 insecticides, 1 PGR only available as SOLA/EAMU.
Figure 28: Total number of active substances authorised* for use on plum crops, by type (*on-label and SOLA/EAMU)
Source: HSE
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 29: Total number of active substances authorised to control blossom wilt, plum fruit moth and perennial broad-leaved weeds in
plum crops (on-label and SOLA/EAMU)
Source: HSE
1 1 1
77 6
4
411
1
1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1995 2000 2005* 2010**Year
blossom wilt plum fruit moth perennial broad-leaved weeds
Notes: 2005*: the fungicide authorised for blossom wilt control is only available as a SOLA/EAMU2010**: 5 out of the 7 fungicides authorised for blossom wilt control are only available as SOLAs/EAMUs
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 30: Indicator – Pesticide Availability - Total number of active substances authorised* for use on winter oilseed rape crops, by type
(*on-label and SOLA/EAMU)
Source: HSE
24 24 22 23
20 18 1921
2117
12
16
2
2
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
22
2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1995 2000 2005 2010Year
vertebrate control
soil sterilant
pheromone
food storage
molluscicide
Plant Growth Regulator (PGR)
insecticide
fungicide
herbicide
Notes: Active substances not used by growers:1995: 4 herbicides, 5 insecticides, 1 PGR, 3 soil sterilants2000: 2 herbicides, 3 insecticides, 1 PGR, 3 soil sterilants2005: 1 fungicide, 1 insecticide, 1 molluscicide, 3 soil sterilants; 1 herbicide only available as SOLA/EAMU2010: 2 fungicides, 1 herbicide, 2 insecticides, 1 molluscicide, 2 soil sterilants, 1 vertebrate control agent; 2 herbicides only available as SOLA/EAMU
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 31: Indicator - Pesticide Availability – Total number of active substances authorised* to control phoma canker, cabbage stem flea
beetle and cleavers in winter oilseed rape crops (*on-label and SOLA/EAMU)
Source: HSE
13 14 16 16
20 17 13 15
11 12 14 11
05
101520253035404550
1995 2000 2005 2010Year
cleavers
cabbage stem flea beetle
phoma canker
Notes:2005: one herbicide authorised for cleaver control is only available as SOLA/EAMU2010: one herbicide authorised for cleaver control is only available as SOLA/EAMUSee Figure 32 for numbers of active substances used by growers against the target pests.
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Figure 32: Total number of active substances (probably) used by growers to control phoma canker, cabbage stem flea beetle and cleavers in winter
oilseed rape crops (on-label and SOLA/EAMU)
Source: HSE
10 11 13 13
14 13 10 12
6 8 11 9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1995 2000 2005 2010Year
cleavers
cabbage stem flea beetle
phoma canker
Notes:For 2005 and 2010: one herbicide authorised for cleaver control is only available as SOLA/EAMU
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Part 10: Indicators
10
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Indicators
• Member States shall: calculate the harmonised risk indicators using the sales and usage data collected under the statistics regulation; identify trends in the use of certain active substances; identify substances, crops, regions or practices that require attention or are examples of good practice
• Member states shall communicate the results of these evaluations to the Commission
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Indicators
• Context Sophisticated and long-standing suite of indicators prepared by Pesticides Forum. Awaiting development of EU HAIR indicators
• Regulatory measures Collection of pesticide usage and sales data. Food residue monitoring programme. Number of human health monitoring surveys (being reviewed)
• Non-regulatory Wildlife Incident monitoring schemes
• Research and development Pest, weed and disease survey reports
R&D
Assurance schemes
Regulation
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Source: Food & Environment Research Agency (FERA) Pesticides Usage Survey N.B. Totals exclude sulphuric acid. * figures include Northern Ireland
Figure 36: Indicator – Pesticide Usage Estimated annual usage for all crops in Great Britain
(tonnes of active substance applied)
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010*2011*
Tonnes of active substance applied
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Crop Major pest, disease or weed
Incidence Impact on pesticide use
Notable changes in pesticide use
Winter wheat Septoria Increased use of SDHI fungicides & increased rates.
Winter Wheat Fusarium ear blight & Microdochium ear blight
Increased use of T3 ear wash sprays. Seed treatment expected to increase for 2013.
Winter wheat & barley Aphids = Increased BYDV in 2012 which could result in increased insecticide use in 2013
Winter wheat Black-grass = Increased resistance
Oilseed rape Sclerotinia =
Key Issues and Pesticide Use- Arable Crops Pest, disease, weed incidence in 2011/12
=
Large increase
Small increase
Normal Small decrease
Large decrease
Key:
Source: ADASSee http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/guidance/industries/pesticides/topics/about-pesticides/pest-disease-and-weed-incidence-information
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Key Issues and Pesticide Use- Arable Crops II Pest, disease, weed incidence in 2011/12
Crop Major pest, disease or weed
Incidence Impact on pesticide use
Notable changes in pesticide use
Potato Late blight Number of sprays increased (from 10 per crop) as newer, more aggressive disease strains develop.
Potato Storage diseases
=
Oilseed rape Sclerotinia = Recommendation that MBC, SDHI and strobilurins are not used more than once on their own
Oilseed rape Light leaf Spot =
Maize Eyespot
=
Large increase
Small increase
Normal Small decrease
Large decrease
Key:
Source: ADASSee http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/guidance/industries/pesticides/topics/about-pesticides/pest-disease-and-weed-incidence-information
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Crop Major pest, disease or weed
Incidence Impact on pesticide
use
Notable changes in pesticide use
Soft Fruit (strawberry)
Slugs High levels in the summer resulted in increased molluscicide use.
Strawberry Redcore Fosetyl-aluminium (Aliette) until stocks ran out then switched to the newly introduced fenamidone + fosetyl-aluminium (fenomenal)
Apple Apple scab More sprays at poor timings due to weather issues.
Carrot All disease = Protectant sprays used therefore application occurs before symptoms
Onion Downy Mildew
Increased use of Unicur and Valbon due to short harvest intervals
Key Issues and Pesticide Use- Horticulture CropsPest, disease, weed incidence in 2011/12
=
Large increase
Small increase
Normal Small decrease
Large decrease
Key:
Source: ADASSee http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/guidance/industries/pesticides/topics/about-pesticides/pest-disease-and-weed-incidence-information
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Figure 37: Indicator - Cropped areas (in hectares) in the UK
Source: Defra UK June Agricultural Survey 2012, Welsh Government
hec
tare
s
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Set-aside
Temporary grass (< 5 years)
Crops for stockfeeding
Other crops not for stockfeeding
Horticulture
Pulses
Potatoes
Sugar beet
Oilseeds
Other cereals
Spring barley
Winter barley
Wheat
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Figure 38: Indicator - Pesticide average inputs per crop (kg active substance applied per hectare grown) in the UK
including soil sterilants
Source: Pesticides Usage Survey Surveys are not conducted annually for all crops. The most recent year of data availability is shown against each crop. *Figures relate to GB usage only, other figures are for UK usage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Herbicides Fungicides Insecticides Growth regulators Molluscicides Soil sterilants
kg
ac
tiv
e s
ub
sta
nc
e a
pp
lie
d p
er
he
cta
re g
row
n
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 39: Indicator - Pesticide average inputs per crop (kg active substance applied per hectare grown) in the UK
excluding soil sterilants
Source: Pesticides Usage Survey Surveys are not conducted annually for all crops. The most recent year of data availability is shown against each crop. *Figures relate to GB usage only, other figures are for UK usage
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Herbicides Fungicides Insecticides Growth regulators Molluscicides
kg
ac
tiv
e s
ub
sta
nc
e a
pp
lie
d p
er
he
cta
re g
row
n
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 40: Indicator – Pesticide average inputs for oilseed rape (kg active substance applied per hectare grown)
in Great Britain
Source: Pesticides Usage Survey
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Herbicides Fungicides Insecticides Growth regulators Molluscicides Seed treatments
kg
ac
tiv
e s
ub
sta
nc
e a
pp
lie
d p
er
he
cta
re g
row
n
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 41: Indicator - Herbicide use on oilseed rape (number of products and total doses of active substances per hectare)
Source: Pesticides Usage Survey
kg a
ctiv
e su
bst
ance
per
hec
tare
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Average total dose (kg a.s.) applied per hectare
Average number of products per hectare
Average dose (full label units) applied per hectare
For more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.aspFor more information see: www.pesticides.gov.uk/pesticides_forum_home.asp
Figure 42: Indicator - Insecticide use on oilseed rape (number of products and total doses of active substances per
hectare)
Source: Pesticides Usage Survey
kg a
ctiv
e su
bst
ance
per
hec
tare
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Average total dose (kg a.s.) applied per hectare
Average number of products per hectare
Average dose (full label units) applied per hectare
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Summary and future plans
10
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Summary - usage• Use of pesticides not impacting adversely UK health
or environment– statutory and voluntary controls effective, but– scope to reduce risks further
• Pesticide usage affected by season, product availability, resistance, commodity prices– continued decline in use of active substance– application technology continues to improve precision of
application• Training of pesticide users increasing
– 85% sprayed area are NRoSO members– improvements in Amenity and for garden centre staff
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Summary – future plans• Continue to meet challenge of securing food supply• Continue to encourage best practice• Implementation of National Action Plan (NAP)
– Pesticides Forum is principal stakeholder group– Implementation of Sustainable Use Directive (SUD)– Promotion of IPM/Integrated Crop Management (ICM)
• Short-life working groups and expert contributions– specific topics identified by Government or stakeholders– report back to Pesticides Forum
• Indicators– To further align with SUD and NAP
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Priorities for 2012/13
• Protecting water– Metaldehyde, oilseed rape herbicides
• Improving standards in non-agricultural sectors– Amenity; home and garden
• Promotion of IPM
Pesticides Forum will work with member organisations and other stakeholders to help further reduce the risk to human health and the environment
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Acknowledgements
• Member Organisations of the Pesticides Forum and many others – provide data and analysis used in Indicators