for internal training only - k-12 blueprint...android os is now increasingly incorporated into...

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Android in the ClassroomFor Internal Training Only

For Internal Use 1001 SE Water Avenue Suite 400 Portland, Oregon 97214 503 248–4300 clarity-innovations.com

ANDROID IN THE CLASSROOMFor Internal Training Only

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Executive Summary Android-basedforeducationiscurrentlyanequivocalchoice—therearesomeclearbenefitsfromusing

Androidintheclassroom,buttherearealsosomepotentialchallengesaswell.Thesechallengesmayofferfutureopportunitiesfordevelopment;fillingnichesthatareimportanttotoday’seducators.

ANDROID BENEFITS

Classroom Management Android-baseddevicesworkwellwithGoogleAppsforEducationandthenewlyemergingGooglePlayfor

Education;helpingteacherstobeup-and-runningprettyquickly.Manydevicesarenowbeingdesignedintandemwithateacherconsolethatallowsmanagementofclassroomactivities.

Compatibility AndroiddevicesworkwellwithGoogleDrive—apopularresourceforeducation—andfilesharingisoften

simplerthanwithotherplatforms.

App-Friendly Manyschoolsareembracingapp-centriclearning.ManyAndroid-friendlyappsarebuiltinsuchawaythat

theyprovideasimilarandoftenseamlessexperienceregardlessofAndroiddevice.

Speed and Battery Life MostAndroid-devicesarefast,efficient,andboastalongbattery-life,evenwithprocessor-intensive

activitiessuchasvideocaptureandediting.

ANDROID CHALLENGES Really,theonlysignificantdownsidetoAndroid-baseddevicesineducationistheconsistencyfactor,but

itisabigissue.Theopen-sourcenatureofAndroidmeansthatthereislittleornocontrol(currently)overmostdevices’OSupdates,whichcouldleaveeducatorswithdevicesthathaveanoperatingsystemthatnolongerworkswiththeirkeyappsorwithrelativelynewdevicesthathavebeensummarilydiscontinuedandnolongerhavetechsupportavailable.AndroidisrelativelynewtotheU.S.educationspace,sotherearemanyinconsistenciesintermsofapps,hardwaresupport,andsoftwareavailability.Nolargedistrictshavegone“all-in”withAndroidsotherearenolargescaleimplementationmodels,either.

http://www.clarity-innovations.com



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TableofContents Executive Summary 2

What is Android? 4

AComparisonofOperatingSystems 11

AComparisonofAndroidOSEducationalDevices 14

Device Comparison 16

GalaxyTab4EducationAndroidTablet 24

ASUSTransformerPad 25

Nexus7 26

HPSlatebook14 27

LearnPad 28

AndroidTV 30

Wearables and Education 31

Android in the Classroom 32

NotableAndroidDeployments 38

Android in the Classroom Case Studies 41

References 47




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1. What is Android? A. GENERAL OVERVIEW Androidisanopensourceoperatingsystem(OS)ownedbyGooglesince2005.BasedoriginallyonLinux,

Androidlaunchedin2003astheAndroidOpenSourceProject(AOSP),providingthedocumentationandsourcecodefreeofchargetoanydeveloperwhowantedtouseitforcreatingandsellingtheirownproducts.

Google’spurchasein2005wasintendedtogetoutinfrontofthethen-emergingiPhonethreatbyacquiringanopensourceproductthatcouldpermeatethesmartphonemarketi.Atthetime,Android’ssmartphonewasseenasawaytoprotectGoogleinterests—aslongaspeoplewereusingGoogle’sphonetosearchtheInternet(itwasreasoned)theywouldhavetobeusingGoogle.TheinitialAndroidsmartphoneOSwasrolledoutin2007,trailingtheiPhonereleasebylessthanayear.

AndroidphonesalesovertooktheiPhonein2010andtheBlackberryin2011,establishingitastheleaderinthesmartphonemarketii.Android’schoicetogoopensourcehasresultedinitbeingabletotakeastaggeringmarketshare.TheOSisusedinmultipleplatformsratherthanlivinginoneproprietarydevice,andthathasturnedouttobeasuccessfulstrategy.

WhilesomemanufacturershadalreadybeguntoreviseAndroidforuseintablets,Google’sreachbeyondthesmartphonemarketstartedin2011.Thereleaseofversion3.0(“Honeycomb”)wasthefirstoperatingsystemthatwascustom-designedbyAndroidforuseontablets.ThisbegantochangeAndroid’spositionintheoveralldigitaldevicemarket,aswellasdevelopingapotentialintheeducationspace.

Byearly2013,bothHPandAcerhadannouncedAndroid-powered“all-in-ones”whichcombinedtouchscreencapabilitywithadesktopsizescreen.AndroidOSisnowincreasinglyincorporatedintotablets,laptops,andmorerecentlyinto“convertibles”and2-in-1s.




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Today,other,non-computingusesalsoabound:

“AmodifiedversionofAndroidisusedintheGoogleTV,theBarnes&NobleNookeReader,theSamsungGalaxyTab,andcountlessotherdevices.ParrotmakesbothadigitalphotoframeandacarstereosystempoweredbymodifiedversionsofAndroid.”iii

Theopen-sourcemodelcontinuestoserveAndroidwell,astheOSisnowbeingusedindevicesmanufactured by Acer, Asus, Dell, HP, and others.

B. ANDROID VERSION DEVELOPMENT EachAndroidupdateisnamedafterasweettreatandrollsoutinalphabeticalorder.Recentupdateshave

includedIceCreamSandwich,JellyBean,andKitKat,andthe“L”update,Lolipop,haslaunchedinsomedevicesduringthefallof2014.

Android’sevolutionhasbeendramaticallyrapid.InJune2014ArsTechnica(aself-describedtechnical-geekpublication)reported:

“Lately,Androidhasevenbeenrunningonapreviouslyunheardofsix-monthdevelopmentcycle,andthat’sslowerthanitusedtobe.ForthefirstyearofAndroid’scommercialexistence,Googlewasputtingoutanewversioneverytwo-and-a-halfmonths.Therestoftheindustry,bycomparison,movesatasnail’space.MicrosoftupdatesitsdesktopOSeverythreetofiveyears,andAppleisonayearlyupdatecycleforOSXandiOS.”iv

VERSION HIGHLIGHTS Ice Cream Sandwich(Android4.0-4.0.4)wastaskedwithintegratingtheHoneycombOSfortabletswiththe

phoneOSwhilefocusingonsignificantimprovementsintheuserinterface.Thisincludedchangestothevisualinterfacefeaturingacleanerdesign.Otherimprovementsincluded,

“…arefreshedhomescreen,near-fieldcommunication(NFC)supportandtheabilityto“beam”contenttoanotheruserusingthetechnology,anupdatedwebbrowser,anewcontactsmanagerwithsocialnetworkintegration,theabilitytoaccessthecameraandcontrolmusicplaybackfromthelockscreen,visualvoicemailsupport,facerecognitionfordeviceunlocking(“FaceUnlock”),theabilitytomonitorandlimitmobiledatausage,andotherinternalimprovements.”v




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IceCreamSandwichwasalsothefirstversionofAndroidtobeintegratedintolaptopanddesktopcomputers.

Jelly Bean(Android4.1-4.3)focusedonimprovingtheenhancementsfromIceCreamSandwich,withtheideathatasmoother,moreseamlessinterfacewasneeded.Significantly,4.2wasthefirstappearanceofmultipleuseraccounts(fortablets),supportingasomewhatprimitivechildsafetylockoutfeature.Notably,effectivechild-safeaccountsarestillnotavailable(inKitKat)andusersareforcedtouseoutsideappsforthatfeaturevi.

Kit Kat(Android4.4)launchedinOctober2013,andasofOctober2014isthecurrentversioninuse.ThemovefromJellyBeantoKitKatonlyfeaturedonemajor“visible”element,andthatwasachangeinthephonedialernavigation.OtherchangesthataffectedallAndroiddevicesinclude:

•ChangingtheOStorunon512MBRAM:Thiswasastrategicmoveintendedtoallowadeeperpenetrationintomarketsindevelopingnations.MostUSandmanyEuropeandeviceshavenoshortageofRAM(typically1-3GB)butdevicesinemergingmarketsneedtobecheaperandthereforecarrylessRAM.Thischangewasalsoan“underthehood”improvementforuserswiththehigh-endphones,since,

“Byreducingthefootprintyou’regoingtogetbetteroverallperformance,fastermultitaskingandappswitching,andyourbattery-lifewilllikelygetbetter,too.”vii

Thisupdatemayaffecteducationapplications,allowingschoolstopurchaseinexpensive,smallRAMdevicesandstillhaveafulloperatingsystem.

•Directaccesstonon-Googlecloudstorage:ThisnewAPIallowsuserstomoreeasilyworkonvirtually-storeddocumentsnomatterwheretheiraccountsarehoused.ThischangepositionedAndroidtosupporteducationaluserswhomayberestrictedtointranetstorage,orcloudstorageundercontractproprietary contracts.

•QuickOfficeappprovidedfree:ThisapphasbeenownedbyGooglesince2012,buttheKitKatupdatemadeitavailableforusersfreeofcharge.ThisappwasseenasadirectchallengetoMicrosoft,sinceitallowsAndroiduserstoview,createandeditWord,ExcelandPowerPointdocuments.Thischangeheldpotentialforpricesavingsforeducationalusers,whowouldnotneedtopurchaseMicrosoftOfficeforAndroid devices.

•PrintingAPIforwirelessprinting:ThisupdatesupportsKitKatdevicesinaccessinganyprinterthathasanappinthePlaystore.Thisalsooffersapotentialadvantagetoclassrooms.




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Lollipop: Launchedinlatefall2014,thelatestoperatingsystemisasignificantupdate:featuringasleekdesign,fastinterface,increasedpowerandgenerallymoretactileexperiencethanpreviousversions.Thenewinterfaceiscleanandsimple—similartotheiOSuserexperience—withasignificantlyupdatedgraphiclook,moreswipefeatures,andcompatibilitywith64-bitdevices.Thelookis“flat,”withmenusandwidgetsexudingamoretwo-dimensionaleffect.Mosteveryaspecthasbeen“polished”andmademorecustomizablewithasub-menugridofapps.Thehome,backandopenappsbuttonsareon-screenasbefore,butnowgeometricshapeswhichwillspindependingonwhattheappneedsthemfor.Thenotificationsarealsomuchlessobtrusiveandthekeyboardhasbeenoverhauledaswell.Intermsofsecurity,LollipopfeaturesSELinuxenforcingforallapplicationsprovidingbetterprotectionagainstvulnerabilitiesandmalware.

OthernewfeaturesincludeGoogleFit(ahealthandfitnesstrackingprogram),increasedcompatibilitywithAndroidandnon-Androidwearables,improvedvideostreamingwithH.2654K,improvedperformanceandbatterylifethroughtheuseofanewcompiler,andcorporatedataseparation—allowingprotectedbusiness-onlyareasonthedevice.AnothernewfeatureistheAndroidTVinterface:aGooglesearchthatscansstreamingservicesandothervideofeedsbasedonyourtypedorspoken(viaGoogleNow)searchfeatures.Italsosupportsgameplay,andregularbroadcastviewing.Thereareas-of-yetnodevicesannouncedtoplayAndroidTV,butthecontrollerinterfaceisshippingreadytogointheLollipopOS.

SomeexpertsseeLollipopasthenextlogicalsteppingstoneforGoogle.MECGlobalisthefifth-largestmediaagencynetworkintheworldandKamilYadalle(HeadofEmergingPlatforms)predicts:

“OnceAndroidTVgainsasizeableuserbase,Googlewillbeabletoidentifyauserandservethemwithappropriatecontent.”xi”

OS UPDATE CHALLENGES ThetwofactorsthatmakeAndroidsuccessful(open-sourceandarapiddevelopmentcycle)haveatthe

sametimeledtoanincreasinglydifficultrolloutofupdatestoAndroidphonesandtablets:

“..theAndroidupdateprocessisfraughtwithchallenges,especiallyincomparisonwithApple’siOS.UpdatingtheiPhoneoriPadrequiresjustoneplayer—Apple.Sotheprocesstendstoberelativelyquickandsimple.CreatinganupdateforanAndroidphoneortabletrequirestheinitialworkofGooglefollowedbytestingandcustomizationbyphonemakers.Wirelesscarriersthenhavethefinalword,performingtheirowntestingaswellasplanningandimplementingtheactualrollout.”




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ThereleaseofKitKatisacaseinpoint;at6monthsaftertherelease,only10%ofNorthAmericanusersonphonesand10.6%oftabletswereupdatedtothenewOS.Bycontrast22%ofphonesand28%oftabletswerestillusingGingerbreadorolderversions.Asapointofcomparison,theiPhoneOS8releasehad46%penetrationfivedaysafterthereleasexii.

ThesedifficultiescanfrustratethetypicalAndroiduserwaitingfortheupdatedOStofilterdowntotheirdevice.Android’sKitKatupdate(4.4)tookalmost8monthstoreachallthedevicesusingtheOSxiv.

APP UPDATE CHALLENGES TheaggressiverevisioncycleintheAndroidOScancauseotherunexpectedproblems.Asanapp-driven

device,anAndroidtabletorcomputercouldbesubjecttocloudrot:

“ManyfeaturesareheavilyreliantonGoogle’sserverstofunction.WithfewerandfewerpeopleusingoldversionsofAndroid,thoseserversarebeingshutdown.Andwhenacloud-reliantapphasitsserversupportshutoff,itwillneverworkagain—theappcrashesanddisplaysablankscreen,oritjustrefusestostart…Whileit’seasytothinkofthisasawaysoff,it’shappeningrightnow.Whilewritingthispiece,weranintotonsofappsthatnolongerfunctionbecausetheserversupporthasbeenturnedoff.…Someappsevenworkedoneweekanddiedthenext,becauseGooglewasactivelyshuttingdownserversduringourwriting.”xv

GooglerecentlyannouncedithasdiscontinuedaccesstotheQuickOfficeapp(lessthanayearafterofferingitforfree)andisclearlyexpectingalluserstomovetousingGoogleDocsandSheetsinstead.Thechangestothoseappsinthepast6monthshavemadethemincreasinglyfacile,buthavealsosetoffanumberofcomplaints,includingnofolderorganizationfordocs,clunkyformattingissues,andlotsofclickingand

xiii




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handlingtobeabletoworkwithMicrosoftOfficedocumentsorolderGoogledocsitems.Manyuserscomplainthatthereisnotenoughbackwardscompatibilityandtheupdatehasmadetheirdeviceobsolete.

“Theendresultisappsmayhem.Insomecases,theappssimplywon’trunonsomedevices.Othertimes,theappsrun,butcertainfeatureswon’twork.Andinsomeinstances,theappsappeartorunfineforafewminutes,butthensuddenlystopworking.xvi”

TheGoogle/Androidpartnershipisgoodforinnovationandcertainlythenextpatchorupdatewilladdresssomeoftheseissues,butrapidinnovationcanbeatoddswithstability,whichisatrade-offthatmaybeproblematic for educators.xvii

ItseemshoweverthattheseissueshavenotappreciablyslowedAndroidsales.Inthesummerof2014,Androidmobiledevicesareoverwhelminglythelargestsellerworldwide:Androidphonesareholdingabout 84%ofthemarketsharexviiiandAndroid-basedtabletsare70%ofthemarketsharexix.

C. OPEN SOURCE DEVELOPMENT OpensourceallowsdeveloperstocustomizetheAndroidskin—addingfeaturesorhidingothers—when

theydeemitadvantageoustocustomizetheproductinawaythatwillallowthemtodistinguishthemselvesfrom other manufacturers.

Whilethathasgivenconsumersalotofchoices,ithasalsocomplicatedtheAndroidlandscape.

“OneofthebiggestproblemswithAndroidnowadaysisthatmanufacturerslikeSamsung,HTC,andMotorolaaltertheoperatingsystemwithcustom‘skins’thatdramaticallychangethelookandfeelfromGoogle’sandroidoriginalvision.”xx

ExactlywhichfeaturesaconsumerisgettingonanyspecificAndroiddeviceneedstobeinvestigatedclosely,sincemanufacturerscaneitherstripofffreefeatures(andofferrevenue-generatingappsintheirplace)oraddtheirownfeaturesorappswhichmightnotbecompatiblewithanearlierAndroidpurchase.

WhiletheAndroidsystemisopensource,therearestilllimitsinplaceforhowfarindividualmanufacturerscangoincreatinga“fork”(changinganythinginsidetheOSitself).Google’sCompatibilityTestSuite(CTS)isasetoftoolsthatareusedtotestandapproveeveryAndroidsystemasmodifiedbyeverymanufacturerand every carrierxxi.

Unfortunatelywhatis“compatibility”fromoneperspectiveis“nocompetitionallowed”fromanother.Google’scontrolovertheAndroid“killer”apps(Gmail,Gmail,Maps,GoogleNow,Hangouts,YouTube,




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andthePlayStore)keepsoriginalequipmentmanufacturers(OEMs)fromforkingtheAndroidOS,cloningtheappsandsettingupadirectlycompetitiveproduct.Thesekeyapps(andothersthatGoogleisslowlybringingintotheproprietaryfold)areessentialtodevicesales.

However,

“Whileitmightnotbeanofficialrequirement,beinggrantedaGoogleappslicensewillgoawholeloteasierifyoujointheOpenHandsetAlliance.TheOHAisagroupofcompaniescommittedtoAndroid—Google’sAndroid—andmembersarecontractuallyprohibitedfrombuildingnon-Googleapproveddevices.xxii

WhenAcerbegantomanufacturedevicesinChinausinganon-compatibleAndroidfork(Alibaba’sAliyunOS),theywereorderedtoshutdownoperationsorloseGoogleappsontheirotherdevices.

Todate,theonlycompanyabletobuckthistrendisAmazonwiththe2011forktheycreatedintheKindleFireline.BytheCTSstandards,Kindleis“incompatible”withGoogle’sAndroidxxiii,whichmeansthatnoOEMthatispartoftheOpenHandsetAlliancecanmanufacturetheline.AndAmazonhadtocreateitsownappstore(andapps)foruseontheFireline.AnyothercompanywhomightwanttodevelopacompetingproductwouldhavetoapproachitlikeAmazon—itisa“noturnback”decision.

D. ON THE HORIZON Thelastpartof2014andthespringof2015maybeawatershedmomentforGoogleandAndroid.Rumors

havebeenrampantsince2013thatGooglehadplanstokilloffAndroidxxiv(infavorofChrome)butnowitseemsthat,instead,theyarere-inventingandre-brandingtheOSwithtwonewapproaches.

Android One Announcedinthesummerof2014,thisisahardwarecomplementtothe512MBOSthatdebutedin

KitKat,andisanothermovetotakeasignificantmobileshareinemergingmarketsxxv.Inordertokeepcostslow,Googlewilldesignthehardwareandpassonthoseplanstoapprovedmanufacturersxxvi —this savesinvestmentcostsforsmallercompaniesandisseenasamove(inpart)toundermineSamsung’sstrangleholdintheAndroidmarket(forwhichGooglereceivesnorevenue).InordertoproduceandselldeviceswiththeAndroidOne“certification,”companieswillberequiredtosellthemwithonlyGoogle-ownedpre-installedapps(no“bloatware”),withGooglecommittingtolifetimeGoogle-providedupdatestotheOS(fixingtheroll-outdelays):abenefitthatinthepasthadonlybeenavailabletoNexusowners.xxvii

Android Silver Attheotherendofthespectrum,GoogleisexpectedtoannounceAndroidSilver,asetofspecifications

fordevicesthatwillstandardizehardwarequalityatthehighend.SimilarlytotheAndroidOne,Googlewillprovidetheinitialengineeringinvestment,andthencontractwithmanufacturerstocreatedevicesthat:




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“…‘closelyadheretoGooglespecifications’andwill‘sharplylimitthenumberof non-Googleappsthatcanbepre-installedondevices’.”xxviii

OtherspeculationsforthenewSilverincludesabricksandmortarin-storepresenceforAndroidSilver(withkioskssellingonlythehighenddevices)and24/7Googlehangout-basedtechnicalsupportsimilartothatofferednowbyAmazonfortheirFiredevicesxxix.

BothoftheseideassignifyaseismicshiftintheAndroidhorizon;makingAndroidlookalotmorelikeiOS.Google’sincreasingamountofcontroloverhardware,softwareandmanufacturersareideasthatflyinthefaceofAndroid’sopensourcebeginningsandenormouslypopularacceptance.However,itseemstoalsosignifythatGoogleintendstoincreaseitsinvestmentinAndroid,ensuringfuturedevelopmentandabusinessmodelthatpromisestheOS’sviability.GoogleclearlyseestheAndroidfragmentation(discussedabove)asaseriousissue,andissettingplaceplanstoaddressthat.

Themagnitudeofthisshiftcannotbeunderstated;asabloggernotedonAbout.comonlyashorttimeago,

“Androidisanexcitingplatformforconsumersanddevelopers.ItisthephilosophicaloppositeoftheiPhoneinmanyways.WheretheiPhonetriestocreatethebestuserexperiencebyrestrictinghardwareandsoftwarestandards,Androidtriestoinsureitbyopeningupasmuchoftheoperatingsystemaspossible.”xxx

E. Educational Opportunities in the Android OS WithGooglemakingsuchlargechangesintheirattitudetowardAndroid,theremaybeanopportunity

forthemtoalsocreatean“educationonly”setofmandatedspecsthatwoulddrawonthedevelopmentsalreadyinprocess.Specifyingdevicesthatwouldusethe512MBKitKat,pairedwithamanufacturerthatcommitstooffloadappsthatarenotusedintypicalclassrooms,combinedwithacommitmentfromGoogletopushtheOSupdates(andkeepallappsappropriatelyaligned)couldmakeforapackagethatisatleastascompellingastheChromebookfromacostandmaintenanceperspective.

2.AComparisonofOperatingSystems A. Google Chrome SinceGoogleownsbothAndroidandChrome,therehaslongbeendiscussionaboutwhichofthemwould

beallowedtosurvive,oriftheywillsimplybemergedintoonesolution.Google’songoinganswertothosequestionsis“C:NoneoftheAbove”.TheycontinuetosupportbothOS’s.Andasrecentlyasthespringof2014,SundarPichaiSeniorVPofAndroid,ChromeandAppsatGoogleexplainedGoogle’sperspective


About.com



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“…viewthemasbuildingblocks.Byinvestinginboth,webelievethatovertimewewillbeabletomeetalmostallusecases”.xxxi

Continuingtosupportbothsystemsmakesacertainkindofsense:theyarenotthesameoperatingsystemandsupportverydifferentkindsofdevices.Androidruns(mostly)throughcomputer-basedappsandaChromebookruns(mostly)oncloud-basedapps.Google’sambiguityisalsomarket-related:Androidishugelypopularandholdsasignificantmarket-share.EventhoughGooglehasnotyetfoundawaytomonetizeAndroidattheleveltheywouldlike(duetoopensourcesharing),theycan’tjustpulltheplug.Ontheotherhand,Chromebooks(sofar)haveafairlysmallmarketshare.Withanestimated5millionunitsexpectedtosellin2014,Chromebookshaveabout2%ofthepersonalcomputermarket.However,thatisa79%increaseover2013salesxxxii,so—asanOSproductline—ithasalotofpromise.

However,manyexpertsbelievethatGoogle’sdeclarationsnotwithstanding,ChromeandAndroidareonacollision coursexxxiii.Thecloud/computerlineisgettingevermoreblurryandasmorewebappsandmorerobustweb-appsaredeveloped,itmaybethatsomewhereonthehorizonthetwooperatingsystemswillbecomeone,oratleastmergeintoonedevice.Andthatmaynotbesofaroff:Android“L”(dueoutinlatefall2014)isincludingafeaturethatallowsyourAndroiddevicetounlockyourChromebookwhenevertheyareclosetogether.Notificationswillappearonbothdevicessimultaneously,andthereareappsthatallowusersto“handoff”anitemcreatedinonesystem/devicetoopenontheotherxxxiv.

B. Apple iOS LikeAndroid,Apple’siOSlaunchedfirstasaphone-basedsystemandthenmovedintotablets.Early

developmentsimilaritiesstopthere,however.TheiOSwasbasedonthesameUnixcoreasthesuccessfulOSXthatwasalreadydrivingApplecomputers.Sinceitsinception,Apple’soperatingsystem(iOS)has beentightlycontrolledandonlymeanttoworkontheverysmallofferingofAppledevices.Initsinitialyearsonthemarket,nothirdpartyappswereallowed,andonlyonemanufacturerandonecarrier(AT&T) wereallowed.

Thereareprosandconstothisproprietarycontrol:sincealliOSappshavetobeapprovedbyApple,theyallhaveasimilaruserinterface,makingthemveryeasytoimplement.ThereisnomarketfragmentationandusersknowexactlywhattheyaregettingwhentheybuyanAppledevice.Apple’smajorelementsare“bakedin”totheOS,butthedevelopmentprocesshasbeenremarkablyfreeofbloatware,keepingthesystemquiteresponsiveevenwitharichsetoffeaturesxxxv.

Thedownsideofthatisalackofcustomization.TheiPhonelimitswhereandhowyouaccessfeaturesandcontent,unlikeAndroidOSdevices:

“OnceyouarefamiliarwiththeAndroidOS,itgivesyoumuchmorecontrolonthephoneandletsyoucustomizeyourphoneinmanydifferentwaysthatiPhone’s




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don’t(customwidgets,etc.).OnceyouconfigureyourAndroidinafewverysimplesteps,youcanhaveyourFacebookpostsandnotifications,tweets,emails,texts,theweather,yourmusic,etc.allonyourmainpage,withoutevenneedingtoopenanapplicationxxxvi.”

Apple’stightcontrolalsomeansacertainlevelofreliabilityindevicesupport.SinceApplehassomuchmoneytiedupinaverysmalllineofdevices,itsdecisiontostopsupportingdevicesoroldOSversionsare very linear and fairly predictable. Android devices and versions are much less predictable and manufacturershaverepeatedlyreleasedadeviceonlytokillitoffthefollowingyear,leavingpurchasersstrandedfortechsupport.AsnotedaboveinEducationalOpportunitiesintheAndroidOS,anotherelementthatcouldincreaseeducationalsaleswouldbeacommitmentonthepartofthemanufacturerthatthedeviceswouldbesupportedforaminimumnumberofyears,andthatspecificeducationalappswouldbeguaranteedtoremaincompatiblethroughthelifeofthedevice.

AppleiPadshavecreatedamassivedemandfortabletcomputingandhaveseenearlyadoptionbyschools,duemainlytotheintuitiveinterfaceandtherangeofnewapplications.Keyadvantagesincludethehighquality,easeofuse,alargerangeofapplications,areliableOS,andgoodbatterylifeandperformance.Itsmainlimitationsarethatitisproprietary,singlesourcehardwarewithalackofsupportforexistingcontent,connectivity,andnetworkresources.Limitedconfigurabilitymeansitisdifficulttosecureandcostlytomanageandprovisioncontentonmultipledevices.

AnothersignificantdifferencebetweenAppleandAndroidisinthedevelopmentanddeliveryofapps.AsofOctober2014,theAndroidappstoreclaimsover1millionappsavailable.Itis,however,impossibletotellhowmanyofthoserunonallofthedevices,someofthedevicesorevennoneofthedevices.TheApplestoreclaimsaboutthesamenumberofapps(1.2millionxxxvii)butduetotheirstringentcontrolonappdevelopmentandOSreleases,itishighlylikelythatmostorallofthoseappsworkonmostorallofthecurrently supported Apple devices.

C. Windows OS WhileWindowsOSisamajorplayerinthedesktopmarket,theyhavenotgottenafootholdinmobile

devices,andtheoriesaboundtoexplainthis.Eventhoughoneoftheearliesttablets(2002)wastheMicrosoftTabletPC,andare-engineeredtablet(SlatePC)withWindows7precededtheiPad,theWindowstablets and phones have not proved popular.

In2012,thelaunchofWindows8wasmeanttorepositiontheOStoworkintabletsbutthechangetotheinterfacewassojarringtomanyusers,thateventwoyearslaterthecry,“you’llpryWindows7frommycolddeadhands”isstillcommonxxxviii.Additionally,inspring2014,Microsoft’snewCEO,SatyaNadella,announcedWindowsOfficeforiPadandmadeitclearthatMicrosoft’snewstrategicdirectionwasawayfromitslong-standing“Windowsfirst”policyandmovingbacktoitsrootsasasoftwarecompanyxxxix.




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“ThekeyadvantagesofWindows-basedtabletsaretheircloserintegrationwithexistingnetworkinfrastructureandgreatersupportforexistingcontent.Therearemultiplehardwarevendorswithgoodexternaldevicesupport.Themainlimitationsarethattheyaremoreexpensivethanothersolutions,withamoresystemintensive

OS.Manyexistingapplicationsarenotsuitedtothetabletformatormaynotrunonspecifichardware.”xl

D. Kindle Fire Asdiscussedearlier,Amazon’sKindleFireistheonlyAndroidOSwithaforkintheOS.Becauseofthis,the

FireOSisconsidered“incompatible”withGoogle’sAndroidandinsteaditisactually(potentially)indirectcompetitionwithAndroiddevices.ThisdecisionwasinitiallyextremelysuccessfulforAmazon,grabbing54%oftheAndroidtabletmarketlessthanayearaftertheinitialFirereleasexli, but by 2014 sales had dropped toamere12%andGoogle’sAndroidOSwasbackincontrolofthetabletsectorxliii.

Amazonisslowlymakingmovesintoeducationthroughdevices,appsandcurricula,andtheKindleFireor theFireHDXistheAmazondevicemostlikelytobeusefulintheclassroom.Whileitdoesnotrunthe

wealthofAndroidapps(yet),thesize,cost,andspeedpositionitcloselytotheGalaxyTab,theNexus7and theGPadxliv.

Atpresent,Amazonis,essentially,asleepinggiantineducation.Theyhavecreatedanumberofsolutionsthat,ifadaptedorscaledforeducation,couldoutstripmanyoftheircompetitors.Shouldtheydecidetogo“all-in”withasetofmorerobustsolutionsandofferings,Amazonwillhaveanincrediblydisruptiveimpactontheed-techspace–potentiallyassignificantastheshiftsthatChromebooksandiPadshavewroughtoverthepastfiveyears.Inourresearch,wehavefoundnoreasontoconcludethatthecompanyhasaplanortimelineinplaceto“gobig.”Rather,shouldAmazondecidetodoso,itisverywellpositioned.

3.AComparisonofAndroidOSEducationalDevices INTRODUCTION AccordingtoastudyconductedbyHarrisInteractiveforeducationalpublisherPearsonwhere2,300

Americanstudentsingrades4through12werepolledabouttheiruseofdigitaldevicesforeducationalpurposes,21percentuse“full-size”tablets(suchastheGoogleNexus10),whileslightlymore(23percent)areusingsmalltablets,suchastheGoogleNexus7.xlv

Seventy-twopercentofstudentsusetabletsforresearch,followedbyhomework,at62percent.Forty-fivepercentindicatedtheyusetheirdevicestocheckassignments,afigurethatclimbs10percentagepoints




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atthehighschoollevel.Thevastmajorityofstudents(92percent)saidtheythink(agreestrongly/agreesomewhat)thattabletswillchangethewaystudentslearninthefuture.Asurprising90percentsaidtheythinktabletsmakelearningmorefun,and82percentsaidtheyhelpstudentsdobetterinclass.

Apple’sholdontheeducationsectorhasslackenedasithasbecomeclearerthatsleekdevicesmadeforconsumingcontentaren’talwaysthebestfitfortheclassroom,nottomentionaschool’sinfrastructure.Thishasleftthedooropenforanewwaveofdevicesspecificallydesignedwitheducationinmind.

Thereisarangeofdifferenttablet-baseddevicesavailable,eachwithassortedbenefitsandlimitations.Understandingeachdevice,itskeyfeatures,andhowitcanbeusedwithintheschoolenvironmentisessentialforschool-anddistrict-widetabletcomputerdeployments.

THE ANDROID DIFFERENCE BasedonGoogle’sopensourceOS,manytopmanufacturesincludingSamsung,Motorola,Lenovo,Toshiba,

AcerandAsushavereleasedhighqualitytabletcomputersrunningtheAndroidOS.Thekeyadvantagesarethattherearemultiplehardwaremanufacturersandvariedpricepoints.TheysupportAdobeFlashcontentandexternalUSBdevices.Thereisalsoagreaterlevelofsupportfornetworkresourceandconnectivity.TheflexibleOSallowscustomizationandeasiermanagementandcontrol.Itsmainlimitationsareitsproprietarycontentismorelimitedandmarketapplicationsarenotcurated.

Accordingtoa2011Forbessurvey,theagedemographicofAndroidOSusersis18-35yearsofage.

“IfyoungerfolksareadoptingtheAndroidecosystemnow–ormoreimportantly,choosingtheAndroidOSastheirfirstentryintothesmartphonespace–theyaremorelikelytostickwithitinthefuture.”xlvi

Androidtabletsboastavarietyofformfactors,areeasilysharedbetweenstudents,andcanbesetupforanentireclassroominminutesasopposedtodays.ThesetabletscomewiththebestofGoogleappslikeDocs,Drive,andChrome,andaccesstothewidevarietyofeducator-approvedappsinGooglePlayforEducation.SimplytapthedevicetodevicetosetupaclassroomoftabletsinjustminutesthroughNFCtouchdeploymenttechnology.




16A1: Device Configuration

Device ComparisonDEVICE COST COMPATIBILITY COLLABORATION MANAGEABILITY NETWORKING &

PERIPHERALSCLASSROOMUSABILITY

CHIP

GalaxyTab4 $349.99 IntegrateswithGooglePlayforEducation,providingaccesstoawideselectionofteacher-approved content withNFCtechnology.Multi-windowcapabilityallowstwomulti-windowsupported apps to be open at once.

ThedualbandWi-Fi802.11a/b/g/nensures that all students in a classroom are able togetontheInternetat once. Front and rear-facingcameras(3megapixelrear,1.3megapixelfront)encouragecreativelearningpossibilities.

Administrators experience easy managementwitha simple-to-use Android console. Deployment is equally simple,withNFCtouch deployment technologyenablingadministrators to set up a classroom of tabletswithcontentinjustminutesinsteadof hours.

Students can print workdirectlytowirelessprintersviatheSamsungMobilePrint app.

GooglePlayforEducationgivesteachersaccess to approved tools and content that help them meet the individual needsoftoday’sstudents.

1.2GHzQuad-Core






ASUSTransformerPad(TF103C)

$299 WorkswellwithGoogleapps,suchasGoogleDocs,nd Adobe® Flash® support. Thetabletscanbeused asa learner response system inconjunctionwithinteractivewhiteboards,aswellas applications,suchasSkitch,wherestudentscan use the tablets as a dryeraseboardto answerquestions.

Low-costhelpstoencourage1:1.Withmorestudentshavingdevices, there is more opportunity for collaboration betweendevices.Beingbothatablet and a laptop encouragesmobilityandflexibilityintheclassroom, and the device’scompatibilitywithtoolssuchasGoogleappsallowstudentstocollaborate most anywhereand at most anytime.

All devices on domain can be easilymanagedwithMicrosoft’sSystemCenterConfigurationManager

16GBEmbeddedMultiMediaCard,supports microSD FlashMemory,oneMicro-USBandoneUSB2.0.

Asignificantbenefitand feature of the Transformerforclassroomsisitsdockingoptionwith QWERTYkeyboard.Notonlydoesthedockingoptionenhance productivity, butit alsoextendsthe battery life by an additional6.5hours.Adobe® Flash® supportmakesthedeviceusefulfor most education websites.

Intel® Atom™ Z3745Dual-Core,1.86GHz






Nexus7 $229.99 Duetothelargenumberof Android apps available, schools believe students cancreateandworkwithall industry standard documents and formats.

GoogleAppsallows,amongstotherthings,students and teachers toworktogetherinthe same document. TabletswithGooglePlay for Education have made it easy for students to access theirGoogleAppsaccountsthroughasinglelog-in.Teachersfrequentlyshareimagesanddocuments for their classesthroughGoogleDrive.

Setupaclassroom’sworthoftabletsinjustafewminutes,simplybybumpingthemtogether.And enable truly personalizedlearning,evenifyourschool’snotreadytogo1:1,byaddinguptofivestudent accounts to a singleshareddevice.

Norear-facingcamera reduces the device’suseasaphotography/videocreation tool.

AsGooglePlayforEducationallowsappstobedeployedtostudents’accounts rather than to the devices, teachers can getanapptoaspecificstudent instantly. If a studentisstruggling,theteachercanquicklyfindand deploy it to them toaidlearning.Equally,ifastudentisexcellinginasubject,theteachercan help accelerate their progresswithmoreadvancedlearningapps.

1.5GHz quad-core SnapdragonS4 Pro processor






HPSlatebook14 $429.99 Android apps are supported byAndroid4.3JellyBeanOS.

Collaborate via Miracast:ConnectswirelesslytootherdisplaysusingMiracasttechnology.

HPFileManageraggregatescontentinto easy-to-search folders,whileHPConnected Drive and theBoxappallowyouto share and access filesbetweendevices.

With quad BeatsAudio™speakers,theHPSlateBookisdesignedforthebest-sounding,richest audio on a notebook.Keyboard,however,doesn’tdetachcausingdifficultywheninteractingwithscreen. It has 2 USB2.0ports,1USB3.0port,HDMIandheadsetjacks,a micro SD card reader.

Intuitively interactive 14inchdiagonal1080pHD 10-point capacitive touchscreenwithextended battery life of up to 9 hours delivers anengagingmultimediaexperience.

NVIDIA®Tegra® 4 mobile processor






LearnPad $239.99/

$329.99

LearnPad has 200 starter lessons alignedtobothK-8CommonCoreMathandELA,aswellasCalifornia Standards for Science and Social Studies.Thislibraryof resources is meant to serve as a starter collection for teachers to add to and create standards-based lessons for their classroom. LearnPad supportsawidevarietyoftoolswhichenable some really creativeteachingandlearning.

AnswerGardenisafeaturethatallowsusers to share their responses around a central theme. For eachAnswergardenactivity you create it willgenerateauniquewebpageaddresswhichteacherscancopy intotheir Lesson.This can beusedtogenerateideas to be usedwithinaspecific lessonto help facilitate collaboration and support student learning.

LearnPad’sClassConnect portal provides teachers withtheabilitytoeasily control and managetabletusage,either individually or asgroups.ClassViewprovides real-time collaboration and supervision of student tablet activity. Teacherscanmonitorindividualorgroupeddevices, present studentworktotheclass and provide direct assistance to thosewhoneeditmost.

Accessoriesinclude:LearnPad Stylus, BumperCase,headphones, silicone USBkeyboard,Bluetoothkeyboard,and/orclamshellkeyboard.

InClassallowsstudents to easily andquicklyaccesstheirpersonalizedresources on any device. Students canlogintonetworkresources and home drives and teachers can create unique,customizedlearningprofilesforindividual students. With ClassCloud, a student can easily submittheirworkformarking,allowingthe teacher to quicklyassesthestudents level of comprehension, and provide additional support as needed.

Octavo:1.5Ghzquad-coreARMprocessor

Quarto:1.6Ghzquad-coreARMprocessor






GoogleNexus10 $399.99 ThesetabletscomewiththebestofGoogleappslikeDocs, Drive, and Chrome, and access tothewidevarietyofeducator-approved appsinGooglePlayfor Education.

Multi-usersupportlets each user have theirownseparatespace–studentsjustturn on their tablets and tap their photo tosignintotheirownhomescreen, apps, email, photos and storage.Noneedtologinandouteachtime.

Teacherscansetupaclassroom’sworthoftabletsinjustafewminutes,simplybybumpingthemtogether.AndwithaccesstoGoogle’sAdmin console, schoolscanmanagedevices easily.

Google’sNexus10supportsnear-fieldcommunication (NFC)forcontact-freesharingandservices

2560-by-1600(300ppi)displayandultra-powerfulgraphicsprocessor.Over4-millionpixelsmeans that text is sharper, HD movies are more vivid and photosarehighlydetailed.

1.7GHzdual-coreCortex-A15






KindleFireHDX $199.99 ThereisnoaccesstoGooglePlay.While free apps are available, the list is still controlled by Amazon,acompanythat invented the KindleFiretosellmore content in this case, than apps. Theselectionofapps simply cannot compare to that of Apple’sAppStoreorevenAndroid’sGooglePlay.

Minimal.TheKindleFire is based on a customizedAndroidOSmakingitmorethanjustane-Reader.

TheKindleFirenotonlyopense-booksbut full-colored e-zines,video,apps,games,audiobooksand music content are all available throughAmazon’scontent stores. Web browsing,throughtheSilkbrowser,isalsopossible.

SchoolscannowcentrallymanageaKindlereadingprogramusingWhispercast, Amazon’sfreeself-service tool. With Whispercast, schools can reduce the administrative cost and complexity ofdistributingbooksto students on their KindlesoranydevicewiththefreeKindleapp,includingiPad,Android phones and tablets, PCs, and Macs.Schoolscanalso provide a safe browsingexperiencefor students on Kindle.

Keyboardsandruggedizedcases.

Thereisnomultitaskingsoswitchingapps,openingbooks,loadingmovieorevennavigatingtoanewsectionisproblematic.

Qualcomm Snapdragon805system-on-chipwhichconsistsofa2.5GHzquad-coreKrait450CPU and Adreno 420 GPU






AmplifyTablet $359.99 TheAmplifySystemcomeswithintuitiveinstructional software,including:

Real-time assessment toolstocheckforunderstanding

Classroom managementtoolsand controls

PlaylistBuilderforeasydigitallessonplanningandcontentdelivery

QuizBuilderforcreation, distribution andscoringofassessments

Assignmentsforposting,submissionandcommentingonstudentworkallinone place

Standard collaborative abilities of a tablet.

Amplify has developed a mobile devicemanagement(MDM)platformpurposely built for K–12education;itallowsdistrictITtomanagethousandsof tablets remotely and securely. Administrators can easily provision and configureeachdevicedowntoanindividualuser basis—all wirelessly,withnoneedforchargingorsync carts.

Included:

• Headphones• Protective case•Externalkeyboard

Optional:

•Projectorcable• SD Card•Tablet-charging

carts

TheAmplifyMarketprovides students andteacherswithasafe,highlycuratedK-12appstore.WepartneredwithCommon Sense Mediatoofferaccess to a host of appropriate,high-quality educational appswitheducatorreviewsandratings,lesson ideas, standards and skillalignment.Districts can also bulk-provisionappsthroughAmplifyMarket,installingapps onto student and teacher tablets at scale.

2.0 GHz dual-coreIntel Atom Processor Z2580





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GalaxyTab4EducationAndroidTablet SPECS10.1inchTFTcapacitivetouchscreendisplay 1.5GBRAM

1280 x 800 pixels resolutions 16GBinternalmemory,extendableupto64GB via microSD

Android4.4KitKatOSwithTouchwizontop Connectivity:Wi-Fi802.11a/b/g/n,NFC,and HDMIport

1.2GHzQualcommQuadcoreprocessor 6800 mAh battery

Educational Use SamsunglaunchedtheGalaxyTab4inSpring,2014,aimedattheeducationalmarket.Thisdeviceispriced

at$369.99andcomeswitha10.1-inchTFTcapacitivetouchscreendisplay,ruggedizedchassis,andabatterylifeof10hours(normaluse).ThetabletiscompatiblewithSamsungSchool—atotaleducationandclassroommanagementsolutionthatoffersmoreflexibilityinstoring,managing,andsharingeducationalcontentandstudentinformation—thatletsteacherstracktheactivitiesofthestudents,anditcanbeboughtfromGoogleAppsforEducationwebconsoleforanextra$30.Samsunghasaddedamulti-windowfeaturesothatstudentscanreadandtakenotesatthesametime.Thedevice’ssizemeansthattheGalaxyTab4—whenpairedwithakeyboard—couldbeusedfortesting.




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ASUSTransformerPad SPECS10.1x7x0.4inches StorageType:SSD

ScreenSize:10.1inches StorageCapacity(asTested):16GB

ProcessorSpeed:1.86GHz AdditionalStorage:MicroSD

Weight:1.22lb Ports:microUSB,Proprietary

ScreenResolution:1280x800pixels CameraResolution:2MPRear;0.3MPFront-Facing

IntelAtomZ3745 VideoCameraResolution:720p

Android 4.4 Wi-Fi(802.11x)Compatibility:2.4GHz/5GHz

ScreenType:IPSLCD BluetoothVersion:4.0

ScreenPixelsPerInch:1280x800ppi 5hour,20minutebatterylife.

RAM:1GB

Educational Use TheTF103CrunsAndroid4.4.2withIntel’sAtom/BayTrailquad-coreprocessorinside.Thisaffordablehybrid

2-in-1device—withwide-screenHDdisplayanddetachablekeyboard—hasusefulpreloadedapps,freestorageandmediaservices,andplentyofcustomizationoptions.Eventhoughitdoesn’tboastthe“sexiest”designinthespace,itsmanyfeatures(withover1000upgradesandenhancementsoverthestandardAndroidoperatingsystem)andslickuserinterfacemakeitanattractivelyaffordableoptionforstudents.Note:Asushasaddedafewpowersavingmodes,whichlimitnetworkconnectionsandbackgrounddatatovaryingdegrees.TeacherscanutilizeGooglePlayforEducationandeasilymanagetabletsusingtheGoogleAndroidManagementConsole,aweb-basedenvironmentthatletsteacherssetupandmanageusers,appsandpoliciesacrossclassrooms,schools,orawholedistrict.

“Takeninisolation,theAsusTransformerPadTF103Cisaniceentry-leveltablet.It’snotappreciablybetterthanmostofthecompetition,butitrepresentsagoodvalue,since$299(16GB)getsyouthe10.1-inchtabletandthesignaturetransformerkeyboarddock.ThatbonusputsitanotchabovesimilarlyequippedtabletsliketheSamsungGalaxyTab4,whichcosts$50more,andmakesitagoodchoiceformobileproductivityonatightbudget.”xlvii




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Nexus7 SPECS7.02"1920x1200HDdisplay(323ppi) GPU:Adreno320,400MHz

1080p HD IPS Dual-bandWi-Fi(2.4G/5G)802.11a/b/g/n

ScratchresistantCorning®glass NFC(AndroidBeam)

1.2MPfrontfacingcamera,fixedfocus Bluetooth4.0

5MPrearfacingcamera,autofocus Optional4GLTE

Batterylifeofupto9hoursactiveuse Choose16GBor32GBinternalstorage

Wirelesschargingbuilt-in(Qicompatible) 2GBRAM

Stereospeakers Ports:microUSB,SlimPort™enabled,3.5mmaudio

Surroundsound,poweredbyFraunhofer Microphone

CPU:QualcommSnapdragonS4Pro,1.5GHz Sensors:GPS,Gyroscope,Accelerometer,Compass,AmbientLight

Educational Use Google’sNexus7featuresaclean,simpledesign,aslim,lightweightprofile(just0.64lbs)and9hoursofHD

videoplaybackand10hoursofwebbrowsingore-reading:plentyforafullschoolday.With323pixelspackedintoeveryinch,studentscanreadtextthat’ssharperthantheprintedpage.SinceGooglemakesNexus7,itcarriestheadditionalbenefitofensureddeliveryofOSupdateswithindaysofissue,alongwithhigherappcompatibility.Duetoitssize,however,itcannotbeusedfortesting.

Nexus7wasthefirsttablettoshipwithAndroid4.3,withtheabilityforeducatorstosetupseparateaccountssothatdevicescanbesharedamongststudents,witheachstudenthavingaseparatecustomizablespace,includingpersonalhomescreen,wallpaper,apps,storage,andmore.Note:TheNexus7wentoutofstockontheGooglePlayStoreinmid-September,2014.Itcouldbeasignthatsomethingnewiscoming.

“Studentslikedtheabilitytoseean‘ataglance’viewoftheirapplicationsviawidgets.TheAndroidplatformallowsuserstoaddcalendarwidgetsforclass,extra-curricularandhomeworkschedulesaswellasquickaccesstoGmail,docsandnewsfeeds.”#

Whenconsideringtabletsintheclassroom,teachersshoulddefinitelybegintoconsidertheNexus7withAndroidOS.Withtablets,it’snotaboutthevastnessoftheappstore,butratherabouttheeaseofuseandintegrationintoastudent’sacademicschedule.Forelementarystudents,theNexus7mightbeachallenge tooperate.”xlviii




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HPSlatebook14 SPECSAndroid4.3JellyBean7 0.63in(H)x13.54in(W)x9.45in(D)

Nvidia®Tegra®4mobileprocessorwithquad-coreCPU(1.8Ghz)GPU

3.75lb

MemoryDualChannelsupport 14.0-inchdiagonalFHDBrightViewWLED-backlitDisplay(1920x1080)TouchscreenBrightness:270nits

On-board2GB1600MHzDDR3LSDRAM BeatsAudio™-Quadspeakers

16GBeMMC(WiFionly)8 (Front-facing)HPTrueVisionHDWebcamwithintegrateddigitalmicrophone

32GB8 Wireless1x1802.11b/g/nWLANandBluetooth® 9

64GBeMMC(WiFionly)8 Ports&connectors:(1)SuperSpeedUSB3.0,(2)USB2.0,(1)HDMIversion1.4b

Educational Use TheHPSlatebook14runsapureversionoftheAndroidoperatingsystem,pricedtosellat$399.Itfeatures

atraditionalnotebookbody,butits14-inchdisplayisatouchscreen,makingitoneofthelargestportabledevicesrunningpureAndroid.Despitethis,thedeviceisonly16mmthickandarelativelylight1.7kg(3.7pounds).TheexterioroftheSlatebook14featuresayellowtrimthataccentsitsthinframeandgivesitayouthfullook.WithathinprofileandquickaccesstotheWeb,GmailandAndroidapps,itisanidealeducationtoolinschools.TheSlateBook14comeswithGooglecertification,givingitaccesstotheGooglePlayStore,GoogleMaps,GooglePlayMusic,andthelot.RegardlessofhowschoolsembracethenotionofanAndroidpoweredlaptop,itprovidesyetanotherinexpensiveoptionforschoolstoreach1:1tech-to-student ratios.




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LearnPad LearnPad Octavo SPECSQuadcore1.5GhzCPU Wi-fi802.11a/b/g/n(2.4/5Ghz)

7.85″1024×768IPSdisplay MicroUSBslot

1GBRAM/16Gbstorage MicroSDslot

10 point multi-touch capacitive screen MicroHDMI

5Mprear&.3Mpfrontcameras +5vDCUSBpowerinput

LearnPad Quarto SPECS9.7″1024×768IPSDisplay Front2Mp;Rear5Mpcameras

Quadcore1.6GhzCPU Wi-fi802.11a/b/g/nDualband2.4/5Ghz

1GBRAM/16Gbstorage GPS

10pointMultitouchcapacitivescreen MicroUSB,SD&HDMI

Educational Use LearnPadshavebeendesignedspecificallyforschoolstoprovideahighquality,safeandsecuretabletcomputer

toallowstudentstoaccessexistingeLearningcontentaswellasotherschoolnetworkresources.LearnPadtakesfulladvantageofthenewgenerationof‘apps’andcontentbeingdevelopedformobiledevices.Centralmonitoringandcontrolwasafundamentalaspectofdesign.ThekeyadvantagesincludethatfactthatitwasdevelopedonGoogle’sAndroidOSensuresthemostcosteffectiveandflexibleplatform,aswellasbeingavailableonanumberofdifferenthardwarevendordevices,thusprovidingschoolswithachoice.Itfeaturesanintegratedsecurewebbrowser,withan‘on-device’white-listofapprovedwebsites.Teacherscancreateinterfaceprofilesforindividualstudents,yeargroupsorevensubjectareas.Oncecreated,profilescanbeappliedeitheratthedeviceitself,viaQRcodesshowntothebuiltincamera,ordeployedtoagroupofLearnPadsviathemanagementportal.

Usingitsadminfunctions,eachteachercanprogramLearnPadgroups–orindividualdevices–todoprettymuchanythingtheyneeddoneintheclassroombyuploadingorsharingmaterials.It’sbuiltontheGoogleAndroidoperatingsystem,whichmeansitsupportsFlash.Over90%ofeducationalcontentrequiresFlash. Ifateacherwantstofocustabletsononetopic(say,STEM),it’seasytosetupLearnPadswithaccesstoprograms,onlinetools,websitesthatrevolvearoundonetheme,thenreprogramthemwhentheclasschangestopics.LearnPadscarrynoaccess,subscription,renewal,download,installation,orreoccurringcostsbeyondinitialcost.TheyalsoexceedallrequirementsforthePARCCandSmartBalancedAssessments.Additionally,thecompanyhasfreeonlineProfessionalDevelopmentaswellfee-basedseminarsthroughsuppliersonalargemixoftopics.




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“Effectively,LearnPadisalayerwhichsitsontopoftheAndroidOS…althoughaniOSversionissoontobereleasedaswell.Assuchitallowslearnerstoaccessappsandwebsitesstipulatedbytheteacher,andonlythosestipulated.AlthoughworkingonanAndroidtablet,learnersarelockedintotheLearnPadenvironmentthatisdesignedandcontrolledbytheteacher.Fortheirpart,teacherscan‘Unlock’thetabletoutofLearnPadanduseitasanAndroidtabletwithinthevastAndroideco-system.

LearnPadisbuiltaroundProfiles.Thesearescreen-viewsintowhichlearnersarelocked,andcanbedesignedbyteacherstosuitthespecificsoftheirsubject,curriculumorkeystage.WithinProfilessitCategories,whichcontainActivities:

•Activities–appsandicon-basedweblinks

•Categories–aselectionofActivitiesbuiltaroundatheme

•Profiles–aselectionofCategories,againbuiltaroundatheme

TheLearnPadstorecontainsaround800Androidappsandweblinks,althoughitisincrediblyeasyforteacherstocreatetheirownweblinks.IfateacheruncoversanAndroidappwhichisn’tcontainedwithintheLearnPadStore,theycanaddittotheschoolLearnPadsystemquicklyandenablelearnerstouseit–thisextendsthe800availableappstoaround1million.”xlix

LearnPad Octavo LearnPadOctavoisa7.85″tabletdevicefeaturingaquadcoreprocessor,dualbandWi-Fianda5Mprear

camera.It’shighlyportable,yetitsvibrantIPSdisplayprovidesenoughscreenspacetoworkcomfortablywithwebsitesanddigitalcontent.ItistheidealsizeeBookreader,withits4:3aspectratioscreengivingexcellentviewingoftextineitherportraitorlandscapemodes.

LearnPad Quarto TheLearnPadQuartoisa9.7″tablet.It’sfastwiththelatestgenerationQuadcoreprocessorandnowfeatures

dualbandWi-Fi(2.4Ghzand5Ghz),upgraded5MprearcameraaswellasGPS.




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AndroidTV Inmid-October,2014,GoogleunveiledbothLollipopandtheNexusPlayer(AKAAndroidTV).NexusPlayer

(acollaborationwithAsus)isastreamingmediaplayerformovies,musicandvideosthatisalsoa“first-of-its-kind”Androidgamingdevice.NexusPlayerisGoogleCastReadysoteachersandstudentscancastmediafromalmostanyChromebook,tablet,andAndroiddevicetoaHDTVormonitor.lItisthefirstNexusdevicetofeaturean Intel processor, and is priced at $99.

Nexus9andNexusPlayerwereavailableforpre-orderonOctober17andinstoresstartingNovember3.

NexusPlayerispoweredbythe22nm,quadcore,64-bitenabledIntel®Atom™processor(Moorefield)and“deliversbothspeedyperformanceandasmoothandresponsiveexperience.Itoffersaconsole-likegamingexperienceandthelatestandbestvideocompressionunlocksuptoa1080pHDviewingexperiencewithfastandsmoothvideostreaming–drivenbyaQuadCluster3Dgraphicsenginewithsmaller,fastertransistors.”li

SomepossibleclassroomapplicationsfortheNexusPlayerinclude:

•Ameansofmovingaroundtheclassroomwhilemirroringthecontentfromateacher’stabletdevice,smartphone,orlaptop.Bystandingatthefrontoftheroomteachersoftenactasbarrierstostudentsseeingwhat’sontheboard.Movingaroundalsohelpstoholdstudentattention.

•Demonstratingneweducationalappsorusefulonlineresources

•Sharingstudentworkorallowingstudentstopresenttheirworkdirectly.Sharingofworkkeepsstudentsmotivated,eitherwiththeprospectofhavinganoutletforexpressionandgettingacknowledgment,ortodotheirbestbecausetheirworkwillbejudgedbypeers.

•Correctingdocumentstohighlightcommonissuesinstudentwork.Thisprovidesimmediatefeedback,allowinglearningtohappen“inthemoment”

•Sharingdigitaltextbooks

•SharingYouTubeandVimeovideos




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Wearables and Education InlightofApple’sannouncementonSeptember9th2014heraldingtheimminentarrival(early2015)ofthe

company’sfirstwearabledevice—AppleWatch—thedigitalwearablesmarkethasgainedconsiderablemomentum.

AccordingtoastudybytheInternational Data Corporation,approximately111.9millionwearabledeviceswillbe sold in the year 2018lii.InMarchof2014,GoogleannouncedAndroidWear—anoperatingsystemwhichturnsAndroidintoanultra-simpleOSforwatches—withasetofpartner-manufacturedsmartwatchesarebeingplannedforthemasses.Currently,GooglePlayoffersthreedistinctsmartwatchesutilizingAndroidWeartechnology:GearLive,Moto360andGWatch.

AndroidWearandAppleWatchdevicescouldfuelthenextwaveofinnovationintheclassroom.

Onekeytowearabletechnology’sproliferationintheclassroomisasubjectthathasinspiredalotofdebateineducation–thatofBringYourOwnDevice(BYOD)policies.Moreandmoreschoolsandcollegesallowstudentstobringtheirpersonaldevicesintotheclassroomtoaidinthelearningprocess.Ifwearabletechistomakeasimilarsplashineducation,BYODpolicieswouldneedtospreadevenfurther.Manyeducatorsandanalystssaythere’sjustnostoppingthetrend.

HerearesomewaysthateducationcouldbenefitfromAndroidWear.

“•GetRealtimenotificationsaboutclassesandexams:AndroidWearpoweredsmartwatchescanbeconnectedwithschoolmanagementappsthatwillnotifystudentsofclassesinadayandchangesinschedules in real time.

•Assistteachersinmarkingattendance:AppsfortheschoolmanagementsystemscanintegratewithAndroidWearandassistteacherstomarkstudentattendancebytrackingstudentpresenceinaclassroom.

•Plandailystudyroutinesduringclass:Withtheeasyaccessthatthesedevicesprovidestudentscanimmediatelynotedownandplanactivities&assignmentscreatedbyteachersinclasses.

•Keeptrackoffitnessduringexercise/games:Withinbuiltsensorsinthedevices,studentscankeeptrackoftheirworkoutinschoolgames/gymandschoolphysicalinstructorscanplanspecificregimensfortheirstudentsusingthisdata.

•Real-timeSearch:Studentsneednotrummagethroughtheirjeanspocketstograbtheirheftyphonesout.WithGoogleNowandvoiceintegration,asearchisjustan‘OKGoogle’awayonanAndroidWear.

•VoiceRecording:StudentscanrecordlecturesrightfromtheAndroidWearwithoutfumblingwithrecordingdevices and later transfer to their phones or PCs for future reference.


https://www.idc.com/



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The Downsides •AndroidWearhastobecoupledwithyourAndroidphone/tablet:UnderstandablyAndroidWearenabled

devicescan’tworkontheirownandithastobepairedwitheitheryourphoneortablet.Soifyou’veforgottenyourphoneathome,thatsmartwatchisprettymuchuseless.

•Constantnotificationscanbeannoying.HavinganAndroidWearwornaroundyourwristmeansyou’llbeconstantlynotifiedoftextmessages,emails,GoogleNowpreferenceandwhatnot.

Battery Drain AstheAndroidWearisconstantlyconnectedtoyourphoneandmostlikelyviaBluetooth,batterydraincouldbe

amajorissue.Eveninregularuse,smartphones’batteriesmightnotevenlastcoupleofhours.”liii

4. Android in the Classroom INTRODUCTION IncreasinglystudentshaveAndroidphonesasopposedtoiPhones.Androidphonesmakeupmorethan50%of

thesmartphonemarket,soitisverywidespread.ItisraretofindanappforiOSthatisnotavailableforAndroid(andviceversa).AndroidworkswellwithGoogle’smanyappsandresources—unsurprising,consideringAndroidismadebyGoogle—soifaclassroomisutilizingGoogleApps,Androidisanobviouslystrongoption.

“EveryappIwantorneedisavailableonAndroid.ForthemostpartthefunctionalityandfeaturesarethesamebetweenAndroidandiOSversions.SometimestheiOSversionhasmorefeatures,sometimestheAndroidversiondoes.Ingeneral,thereisn’tmuchdifference.”liv

GOOGLE APPS FOR EDUCATION GoogleAppsForEducationisacross-platformsuiteoftoolsforteacherstoteach,studentstolearnand

foradministratorstosupport.DesignedtoworkwithMacintosh,AppleandLinuxsystems,GoogleAppsforEducationallowsschoolstosearchforeducationappsbysubjectmatterandbygradelevel.Theappssubmittedtothestorearereviewedandrecommendedbyeducators,whohelptocategorizeandalignthemwiththeCommon Core State Standards.

InMayof2014,GoogleannouncedthatGoogleClassroom—awebplatformformanagingassignmentsandprojects—isavailabletoallGoogleAppsforEducationusersin42languages,optimizedforbothdesktopandmobile use.




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Educatorscanassignprojects,dispenseinformationthroughannouncementsorrealtimediscussions,andcollectassignmentsusingGoogletools.And—aswithGoogle’sAppsforEducationservices—GoogleassuresthatClassroomwon’tusestudentdataforadvertisingpurposes.

GOOGLE PLAY FOR EDUCATION InJune2014,GoogleannounceditsGooglePlayforEducation:afreeserviceavailabletoUSK-12schoolsusing

managedAndroidtablets.GooglePlayforEducationisanextensionofGooglePlay,onlydesignedforschoolswhereeducatorscandiscoverAndroidappsapprovedbyteachersforteachers,aswellaseducationalvideosandacollectionofclassicbooksfortheirclassroom.WithGooglePlayforEducation,teachersandadministratorscanbrowsecontentbycurriculum,grade,andstandardanddiscoverapps,videos,andothercontent—withmanyrecommendedbyteachersandcategorizedaccordingtofamiliarCoreCurriculumstandards.

Teacherscansearchforapprovedappsbygrade,subjectandstandard,includingCommonCoreStateStandards.SchoolscanalsosetuppurchaseorderaccountswithGoogle,sothatit’seasierforteacherstogoaheadandmakepurchasesfortheirclassesorjustforindividualstudentswhomayshowaninterestinaspecifictopic,forexample.Previously,thisoftenmeantthatteacherswouldpayoutoftheirownpocketsandthentrytogetreimbursed—whichdoesn’talwayshappen.WithGooglePlayforEducation,schoolscansimplygiveteacherstheabilitytomakepurchases(uptoasetlimit).


http://www.google.com/edu/tablets



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Instantdistributionletseducatorspushappsinstantlytostudentdevices.Theycansendtheappstoindividualsorgroupsofanysize,acrossclassrooms,schools,or evendistricts.”

WithGooglePlayforEducation,educatorsareabletomakehigh-volumepurchasesusingstandardinstitutionalpaymentmechanismsandthendistributeappstothestudentswhoneedthem—whetherit’saclassof20oradistrict of 20,000.

“Oneofthemostinterestingthingsrevealedwastheabilityforteachersoradministratorsoftheprogramtosendoutapplicationsfortheentirefleet.So,saythatateacherhasdecidedtheywantaspecificmathprogramfortheirclassofstudentsusingNexus7tablets.Usingthisservice,theadministratorwouldbeabletogettheprogrampushedtoeachtabletusingGoogle’sserviceseamlesslyandeffortlessly.”lv

“WhenthestudentsareequippedwithtabletswithGooglePlayforEducation,theclassfeelslikeamorecreative,dynamiclearningenvironment”

—JoelT.Handler,DirectorofTechnology,HillsboroughTownshipPublicSchools

“Withanewcurriculumaroundthecorner,tabletswithGooglePlayforEducationarekeyforhelpingstudentstoseethebiggerpicture,obtainmultipleperspectivesandexpressconsideredopinions.Asaresult,students’papersarenowmoredynamic.”

—CathyCowan,eighthgradeteacher,KIPPBridgeCharterSchoollvi

COMPATIBILITY WITH CHROME GooglehasmadetheGooglePlayforEducationpageandappdeliverysystemworkforChromeapps,Play

Storebooks,andothercontent.ItshouldbeafamiliarandrelativelyeasywayforteachersandadministratorsaccustomedtoChromebookstoenhancetheeducationalpossibilitiesintheclassroom.

AccordingtotheGoogleEnterpriseBlog,theGooglePlayforEducationsystemwillallowteacherstoremotelyinstallaChromeapponanentireclassroomofChromebooks,orjustonelaptop.They’llalsobeabletocreatecustomplaylistsofYouTubevideosandreadingmaterial.

“DuringtheGoogleI/O2014keynoteinJune,GoogleshowedoffnewfeaturesheadedforChromeOS,includingAndroidappsthatwillbeabletoruninChrome.Nowif




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developerscodeappsinacertainway,aschooladministratorcouldinstallthemoneveryChromebookandAndroidtabletinanentireschoolinafewseconds.”lvii

OntheChromeOSside,GooglePlayforEducationworksverymuchlikeitdidbefore.Appsarecuratedbyaselectgroupofteachers,forexample.Justlikeintheoldversion,theyalsogetaccesstoGoogle’sbookstoreforschoolswheretheycanthenrentorbuybooksfortheirstudentsstartingat$1perstudentfor60daysofaccess.

AccordingtoRickBorovoy,Google’sproductmanagerforGooglePlayforEducation:

“ByofferingsupportforbothtabletsandChromebooks,schoolsdon’thavetothinkdevicefirst.Theyalsodon’tneedtoinvolveITwhentheywanttoaddanapptotheirstudents’laptopsortablets,somethingthatcanbeamajorhassleandtakeawayanyspontaneityfromteachers,especiallyinschoolsystemswheretheITdepartmentsareoftenunderstaffed.”lviii

GOOGLE PLAY VS. THE APPLE STORE Android’sGooglePlaystorehasjustofficiallyreachedover1millionappsanditisnowfinallyoutgrowntheApple

App Store and its 900 000 applications.lix

TheaveragepriceperapplicationcomesinslightlylowerthanAppleat$3.06.Althoughthesenumbersseemrelativelyclose,it’sworthnotingthatmanyoftheappsthatcostmoneytodownloadintheAppleAppStorearefreeviaGooglePlay.

ANDROID APP DEVELOPMENT OnemajorcomplaintamongAndroidusersisapp-compatibilityissuesamongdifferingdevices.Itisnot

uncommonforausertohavesomefavoriteappsthataresimplynotcompatiblewithanewdevicetheymaypurchase.Thisisduetotherelativelynon-uniformstandardsthatmakeupall-thingsAndroid.

Android’s4.4KitKatreleaseofferedanoticeablymoreuniformexperienceacrossdeviceswithdifferenthardware/screensizecombinationsandahostofnewfeaturesdesignedtoimplementoutsideservices more smoothly.

Intermsofdevelopment,Androidappsaretypicallyavailableforpurchaseanddownloadwithinhoursofsubmission.AsubmissiontotheAppleAppStore,ontheotherhand,cantake4-6weeks(orlonger)forapprovalbeforebecomingavailabletoconsumers.lx




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“WhilemostAndroidtabletappsgetknockedforbeing“stretchedsmartphoneapps”,Googleispushinghardfordeveloperstooptimizetheireducationalsuitesfor7”and10”tabletform-factors.”

Also,toensurethatGooglePlayforEducationisn’tfloodedwithaslewofshoddyapps,eacheducationalappmustbesubmittedforapprovalnotonlyfromaGooglereviewer,butalsoaneducator.Googledoesn’tindicatewhatthecredentialsofthe“educator”willbe,butdoesnotethattheywill“performafirst-passqualificationofapps,assigningtheappropriatesubject,grade,andcommoncorestandardsmetadata.”lxi

POSSIBLE ISSUES WITH SCHOOL DEPLOYMENT SmartlyandswiftlydevelopedAndroidappsareawinforbothGoogleandschools.Butthedeploymentofthese

appsontoawiderangeofdevicesutilizingdifferentAndroidoperatingsystemscanresultinfrustrationforend-users.

“Forexample,GooglerecentlyshippedChromeforAndroid….Unfortunately,itrequiresAndroid4andaround1%oftheinstalledbaseiscurrentlyrunningthatrelease.WhenanewversionofAndroidcomesout,you’regoingtohavetowaitforyourresellertoporttheirchangesthenewversionofAndroid.ThisisthesameproblemthatAndroidphoneusershavewithMotorola,HTCandotherOEMs-exceptthateducationalresellersareoftenfarlesswell-fundedandcapablethanmajorhandsetmanufacturers.

OneoftheclaimedstrengthsoftheAndroidplatformistheabilitytodownloadsoftwarefromanywhereandinstallitonyourdevice.Ifyou’regoingtodownloadandinstallappsfromallovertheweb,youhadbetterbesurethatthebaseOSisbanguptodatewithsecuritypatches….Androidmakesnoguaranteesaboutthesecurityofyourdatawhileusingbackup.Tomymindthis,alone,isadeal-breakerforAndroidineducation.Inaworldinwhichthemobiledeviceyoudeployisgoingtobeaseriouscomputerthatpupilswillusetogenerateworkforexam-levelassessment,youhadbetterhaveawaytobackupandrestoretheirdata.”lxii




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SomeAndroidchampionsconsideritasmarterplatformchoiceforinstitutionstousebecause:

1. Flash support FlashrunsfineonAndroidphonesandtablets,nomatterwhatsomepunditswouldhavethepublicbelieve.

Whywouldn’tauniversitychooseadevicethatrunsamultimediawebstandard,givingstudentsaccesstothe full Internet as it currently exists?

2. Side-loading WiththeclickofabuttoninSettings,youcanloadappsfromunknown,non-marketsourceswithAndroid.

Thismeansinstitutionscanquicklydevelopanddeploycustomappstargetedattheirstudentswithouthavingtogothroughathird-partymarketorcumbersomeapprovalprocess.SetonHallisalreadydoingthisbycreatingitsownchemistryscienceappforitsThinkPaddeployment.

3. Device choice WithAndroid,institutionshavelotsofhardwarechoicesfromdifferentOEMsthatcomeinmanydifferent

specsandsizes.Thisisthekindofflexibilityaninstitutionshouldhaveattheirdisposalforasustainabletabletprogram.

4. Cost savings Androidtabletpricesarenowplummeting.WiththeintroductionoftheKindleFire,institutionswillsoon

beabletogetaslickAndroidtabletforthelowpricepointof$200.(Note:IfAmazonlocksdowntheFirebydisablingside-loadingandforcingeverythingthroughtheAmazonAppstore,thenitisreallynobetterthananiPad.LuckilywithAndroid,therearealwaysalternatives).Higher-endtabletoptionsliketheAcerIconicaTaborAsusTransformer(sanskeyboard)runaround$400.That’sstillcheaperthaniPadandwithmorefunctionality(astheyrunFlash).lxiii




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NotableAndroidDeployments CHICAGO PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Falconer Elementary School in Chicago Public Schools

Devices: HTC Evo tablets InthecaseoftheChicagostudy,thiswasthefirsttechnologyprogramthatactuallyallowedthestudentstotake

theirdeviceshomewiththem.Mostofthestudents(61percent)didnothavehigh-speedInternetaccessathomepriortotheMakingLearningMobileproject.Andmosthadmorelimitedaccesstotechnologyonaregularbasisthanotherstudentsnationwideonaverage.

Accordingtotheresearchers,“Acrosstheboard,accesstoatabletcomputersignificantlychangedthelearningenvironmentforthe5thgradestudents,bothinschoolandathome.”Amongthepositivechangescitedin thereport:

•Studentshadgreateraccesstolearningresourcesoutsideofschool,anthestudents’useofthedevicesforeducationalpurposes“exceededexpectations”;

•Teachersincreasedtheircommunicationswithstudentsand“creativelyusedthetabletsinavarietyofwaystoengagestudentsinlearning”;and

•Studentschangedtheirlearningbehaviorsasaresultofhavingthedevices.

Thestudyfoundthat,contrarytosomefearsorexpectations,studentsdidnotengagein“badbehaviors”asaresultofhavingaccesstomobiledevicesathome.Italsofound,however,thatteachersneedsupportandcleargoalsforinstructionaluseofmobiledevices.

FAIRFAX COUNTY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Eighth-graders at Stone Middle School in Fairfax County Public Schools

Devices: HTC Evo tablets OverinthemoreaffluentFairfaxCounty,wherethestudentstendedtohavegreater-than-averageaccesstoand

familiaritywithtechnology,thetabletprogramwasfoundtohaveapositiveimpactbothinandoutofschool.Accordingtothereport,thetablets:

•Allowedthestudentstoincreasethesophisticationoftheirmobilelearningactivities;

•Helpedthestudentsaccesslearningmaterialsathome“withouthavingtocompetewithpeersorfamilymembers”forInternetaccess;and

•Gaveteacherstheopportunitytoimprovetheirproductivityand“createnewlearningenvironmentsfor theirstudents.”




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PARADISE VALLEY UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT IN ARIZONA

Device: Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1

SPECSOperatingSystem:Android™4.1, Camera:Rear(5MP);Front(1.9MP)

JellyBean SpecialFeatures:Multiscreen;

Display:10.1-inchWXGA(1280x800) VideoPop-UpPlay;DragandDrop;

touchscreen HandwritingRecognition

Processor:1.4GHz,quad-core

Afterbeinggranteda$40.1millionbondandbudgetoverridetoupdateitsoutdatedcomputerfleet,thedistrictdecentralizeditsprocurementprocesstoallowschoolsautonomytochoosetheirowndevices.

SamsungpresentedPVSchoolswitharangeofdeviceoptions,fromChromebooksandChromeboxes,toAndroid-basedtabletsincludingtheSamsungGalaxyNote10.1withadvancedhandwritinganddrawingfunctionality.TheSamsungtechnologyhasprovedapopularchoicewithmanyofthedistrict’sschools,withapproximately4,000devicesrolledoutduringthe2012/13schoolyearandprojectionsforthistotripleinthefollowing18months.

Withthenewtechnologyalreadyintheclassroom,thedistricthasseenimprovedteachingmethodsfromfacultyandisestablishingamodernizedlearningenvironmentforitsstudents.Additionally,theSamsungtechnologyishelpingPVSchoolspreparefortheupcomingPartnershipforAssessmentofReadinessforCollegeandCareers(PARCC)onlinetesting,whichbeginsin2015.

http://www.samsung.com/us/system/b2b/resource/2013/07/18/Case_Study_PV_Schools_Chrome_Tablet_EDE_Final.pdf

BOWLING GREEN R-1 SCHOOL DISTRICT, MISSOURI BowlingGreenR-1SchoolDistrictlaunchedapilotofits1:1tabletproject,placing250Androidtabletsfrom

LenovoandVizioinselectedclassroomsacrossitselementary,middle,andhighschools.

Lenovoofferedtolettheschooldistricttryitsten-inchThinkPadtablets—pre-loadedwithQuickOfficeproductivitysoftware,compatiblewiththedistrict’sprinters,andavailableforlessthan$300—beforeapurchase,andtheywereofftotheraces.

BowlingGreen’stabletpilotprogramisrelativelylimitedandmainlyfocusedonthehighschool,asitstandstoday:FourofBowlingGreenhighschoolclassroomshaveatabletforeverychair,whilefour7thgradeteachersaresharingoneclassroomfulloftablets.Theelementaryschoolsareparticipatingaswell,withsomeclassroomsofferingfivetabletstoshare.






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http://www.citeworld.com/article/2115554/tabletsndroid-tablet-bowling-green-school-district/tablets/android-tablet-bowling-green-school-district.html

Kuno Tablets SanFelipeDelRioDistrictinTexasdeploying1,600KunotabletsinsteadofiPads,WiseCountyPublicSchools

(Virginia)rollingout600Kunos,andWilliamM.BassElementary(Virginia)andMortonDistrict(Illinois)arebothusingabout100Kunosintheirclasses.

TheKuno’sbiggestfansareintheMidwest,withMartinElementarySchoolinsuburbanChicagorollingout1,200Kunos,CardinalHighSchoolinIowa(530Kunos),and,ofcourse,Indiana,whereWawaseeHighSchoolandBeechGroveCitySchoolshaveeachrolledoutmorethan1,000Kunos,andCrothersvilleHShasdeployed600.

http://www.zdnet.com/this-is-the-biggest-competitor-to-the-ipad-in-the-hot-education-market-7000004446/

LINCOLN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DISTRICT 156, ILLINOIS LincolnElementarySchoolDistrict156isapublicschoollocatedinCalumetCity,IL.Itserves1,100students

fromgradespre-kindergartento8th.Art,music,physicaleducation,andtechnologyarecoreprograms.Withtheadoptionofnetbooksingrades4th to 8thandtherecentadoptionofASUSTransformerPadTF300TtabletsforgradesKto3rd,theschoolhasbeenabletoachieveschoolwide1:1student-computing.

SincetheschoolusedalotofGoogleapps,suchasGoogleDocs,LincolnElementarywasleaningtowardadoptinganAndroid-basedtablet.AsignificantbenefitandfeatureoftheTransformerwasitsdockingoptionwithQWERTYkeyboard.Notonlydoesthedockingoptionenhanceproductivity,butitalsoextendsthebatterylifebyanadditional6.5hours*.Thedock’s4-in-1SDcardreadercanbeusedtoboostthetablet’sinstalledmemoryandtheUSB2.0portconnectsperipherals.ButtheultimatedecidingfactorinchoosingtheTransformerturnedoutto be its Adobe® Flash® support.

http://commercial.asus.com/case_studies/Lincoln_Elementary_School_District_156_-_Education

CENTRAL UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA AtHarvestElementary,CentralUnifiedlaunchesits1:1tabletprogramtoputtabletsinthehandsofevery

studentintheschooldistrict.Itissaidtobethefirstinthestate,andpossiblythenation,todothis.

IttookCentralfiveyears,severalpartnershipsandmorethan$20milliontocompleteitstabletprogram,whichprovidesa4Gsignaltoeverytabletandatablettoeachofthedistrict’s15,500students,SuperintendentMichaelBergsaid.

TheAsusAndroidtabletscostthedistrict$2.5million,hesaid.Itcost$5millionforthefiberopticsandWi-Fiaccesstoeveryclassroom.Districtfundspaidforthetabletsandfederalfundspaidforthewiringandother




http://www.zdnet.com/this-is-the-biggest-competitor-to-the-ipad-in-the-hot-education-market-7000004446/




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digitalaccesscosts,hesaid.Thedistrictalsohasspentabout$15millionforprofessionaldevelopmentinpastfiveyears.

http://www.fresnobee.com/2014/08/13/4068903_for-these-fresno-students-school.html?rh=1

5.AndroidintheClassroomCaseStudies LINCOLN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DISTRICT LincolnElementarySchoolDistrict156isapublicschoollocatedinCalumetCity,IL.Itserves1,100studentsfrom

gradespre-kindergartento8th.Art,music,physicaleducation,andtechnologyarecoreprograms.Thedistrictisdedicatedtopreparingitsteachersandstudentsforaninformation-based,technologicalsocietywheretheywilladaptteamworkandproblem-basedlearningstrategiesaspedagogicaltoolsforthefuture.Withtheadoptionofnetbooksingrades4th to 8thandtherecentadoptionofASUSTransformerPadTF300TtabletsforgradesKto3rd, theschoolhasbeenabletoachieveschoolwide1:1student-computing.

(http://www.l156.org/)

“Withthegoalofpreparingstudentsforthe21stcenturyworkingenvironmentinmind,LincolnElementaryrecognizedtheimportanceofincorporatingtechnologyintotheclassrooms,specificallyadoptinga1:1student-computingprogram.Especially,sincethemajorityofstudentscomefromlow-incomehouseholds,accesstotechnologyintheclassroomisevenmoreimportanttoprovideequaleducationalopportunities.Previously,onlystudentsfromgrades4th to 8thweresuppliedwithanetbook.TheschooldecidedKto3rdgradestudentsalsoneededacomputingsolutionaswelltogetofftoanearlystartindevelopingnecessary21stcenturyskills.”

“WhentestingnetbooksversustabletsamongKto3rdgradestudents,itwasreadilyapparentstudentshadadesiretotouchandtabletswouldbebettersuitedfortheireducationalneeds.Themostdifficultpartcameinevaluatinganddeterminingwhichbrandandmodeltogowith.ThehardwareguidelinesdictatedbyPARCC(PartnershipforAssessmentofReadinessforCollegeandCareers)standardizedtestingimmediatelyeliminatedthe7”tablets.Sincetestingisadministeredfrom3rdgradeandup,LincolnElementarywantedadevicegreatforlearningbutalsocompliantwiththetestingguidelines.”

“Tabletswerealsoevaluatedoncriteriathatincludedmemorycards,memoryslots,USBports,batterylife,anddurability.Toshiba’sThrive™tabletwasfoundtobehighlydurablebutwasruledoutsinceitmeasured2.5timesthickerthantheASUSTransformerPadTF300T.ItultimatelycamedowntochoosingbetweentheASUSTransformerandtheiPad2.SincetheschoolusedalotofGoogleapps,suchasGoogleDocs,LincolnElementarywasleaningtowardadoptinganAndroid™-basedtablet.AsignificantbenefitandfeatureoftheTransformerwasitsdockingoptionwithQWERTYkeyboard.Notonlydoesthedockingoptionenhanceproductivity,butitalsoextendsthebatterylifebyanadditional6.5hours*.Thedock’s4-in-1SDcardreader


http://www.fresnobee.com/2014/08/13/4068903_for-these-fresno-students-school.html?rh=1

http://www.l156.org



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canbeusedtoboostthetablet’sinstalledmemoryandtheUSB2.0portconnectsperipherals.ButtheultimatedecidingfactorinchoosingtheTransformerturnedouttobeitsAdobe® Flash®support.Ofthetop10websitesmostusedbyLincolnElementaryteachers,8onlyworkedontheTransformer.Dockingoptionsarecurrentlyusedwiththetabletin3rdgradeclassroomsonly,butenoughdockshavebeenpurchasedforgradesKthrough2ndaswell.”

“Resultshavethusfarbeenpositive.Comparedtothepreviouspenandpaperformat,studentsaremoreengagedandlearningisbettertailoredtotheirindividualneeds.Thetabletsareusedasalearnerresponsesysteminconjunctionwithinteractivewhiteboards,andareusedwithapplications,suchasSkitch,wherestudentscanusethetabletsasadryeraseboardtoanswerquestions.AnotherapplicationusedwiththetabletisStudyIsland[that]incorporatesinteractivefeaturesandgamestohelpstudentsinK-12masterstatestandardswhilehavingfun.Theapplication’srealtimeperformancereportinghelpsteacherscreateindividualizedlearningplansforstudents.”

“UserscanenjoyincreasedmobilityandproductivitywiththeTransformerPadTF300T,thesuccessortotheTF101tablet.EquippedwithanNVIDIA®Tegra®3processorandthelatestAndroid™4.0IceCreamSandwichoperatingsystem,thetabletdeliversimprovedperformanceinasleekerandlighterformfactor.ProductivityisnotsacrificedforportabilitywiththeoptionaldockingstationwithQWERTYkeyboardthatextendsbatterylifeupto15hours*andthetablet’smultiplepreloadedproductivityapplications.”lxiv

HARVEST ELEMENTARY AtHarvestElementary,CentralUnifiedlaunchesits1:1tabletprogramtoputtabletsinthehandsofevery

studentintheschooldistrict.Itissaidtobethefirstinthestate,andpossiblythenation,todothis. ElectronictabletsinbrightorangecaseswereeverywherethefirstdayofschoolWednesdayatCentralUnifiedSchool District.

http://ha.centralunified.org/

“ThedistrictinnorthwestFresnoisoneofthefirstinthestatetoputtabletsinthehandsofeachstudent--fromkindergartnerstohighschoolseniors--touseinclassroomsandathome.

‘Idothinkyou’releadingthenation,’saidStateSuperintendentofSchoolsTomTorlakson,whowasatHarvestElementarySchooltohelpcommemorateCentral’stabletlaunch.

ThefocusnowmustbeonreplicatingCentral’ssuccessacrossthestateandnation,hesaid.The“NoChildLeftOffLine”goalistohavetabletsinthehandsofCalifornia’s7millionstudentsfiveyearsfromnow,hesaid.“ImadethattargetandIbelievewecandoit--wemustdoit.”

IttookCentralfiveyears,severalpartnershipsandmorethan$20milliontocompleteitstabletprogram,whichprovidesa4Gsignaltoeverytabletandatablettoeachofthedistrict’s15,500students,


http://ha.centralunified.org



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SuperintendentMichaelBergsaid.

TheAsusAndroidtabletscostthedistrict$2.5million,hesaid.Itcost$5millionforthefiberopticsandWi-Fiaccesstoeveryclassroom.Districtfundspaidforthetabletsandfederalfundspaidforthewiringandotherdigitalaccesscosts,hesaid.Thedistrictalsohasspentabout$15millionforprofessionaldevelopmentinpastfiveyears.

ThespeedatwhichschoolscanconnecttotheInternetistakingongreaterimportanceasschoolsinCaliforniaareshiftingtocomputertestingratherthanpen-and-papertests.

Butmoreimportant,theinvestmenttotakethedistrictfrompentopixelallowsallchildreninthedistricttohaveequalaccesstolearning,Bergsaid.Asurveyoffamiliestakenacoupleofyearsagoshowed35%hadnoInternetaccessinthehome,hesaid.Withthe4GwirelessplanfromAT&Tforthetablets,everyhomehasaccess, he said.

HarvestPrincipalRobertPerezsaidonlyhalfofthefamiliesathis632-studentschoolhadcomputersathome.Parentandchildcanusethecomputersforlearning,hesaid.‘Ithinkthat’sanimportantcomponent.’

Startingnextweek,HarvestwilloffertabletclassesafterschoolinEnglishandSpanishforstudentsandparents,Perezsaid.

Thisyear,studentswillusethecomputersinclassroomsformathandreading,Bergsaid.Themathprogram, STMath,wascreatedforthedistrictbyMINDResearchInstitute,anindependentnonprofit.

‘Itwilltaketimetoreplicatealltextbooks,’Bergsaid,butinthemeantime,teachersareencouragedtotakeinformationfromtextbooksandplugitintoatechnicalplatform.

Rep.JimCosta,D-Fresno,whoalsowasatCentral’stabletlaunch,saidthatprovidingchildrenaccesstoinformationinsideandoutsidetheclassroomisinvaluable:“Wewillnoteinyearstocomethisisamilestone.”lxv

CRESWELL MIDDLE SCHOOL CreswellMiddleSchoolreceivedaloanersetof25AndroidtabletsfromIntelEducationtoexplorehowthese

devicesworkintheclassroom.Theschoolgottoputthetabletsthroughtheirpacesforamonth,andthensharedwhattheythought.

http://www.creswell.k12.or.us/wp/crnt/

“Thoughasomewhatruraldistrict,Creswellhasmadetechnology-infusedcurriculumapriority.Infact,CreswellSchoolDistrictSuperintendentToddHamiltonisemphaticaboutgettinghisstaffup-to-speedonthelatestinnovationsineducationtechnology.


http://www.creswell.k12.or.us/wp/crnt



44

‘Inthistimeofbudgetreductionsandrestrictions,weneedprofessionaldevelopmentmorethanever,’Toddsays.‘SoI’mcommittedtoprovidingthatwhereverpossible.Isendourmoretechnologicallyadeptteacherstovarioused-techconferences.It’snicetogetourfolksoutthere.Whentheygetback,theyareexcitedtosharewhattheyhavelearned.’

OneofCreswellMiddleSchool’smoretech-savvyteachers,RobJerome,focusesmuchofhisenergiesonintegratingtechnologyinhisclassroom.Forinstance,aspartofJerome’sSocialStudiesclass,hehadhisstudentscreatemedievalcivilizationsusingMineCraft.

‘That’sagreatexampleofateachergettingoutofthewaytoletlearninghappenandnotgettinghunguponprocedure,’Toddexplains.‘Itcomesdowntoasking‘”howdoestechnologyprovideengagement?”Anotherexamplewaswherewehadonestudentwhosimplyhatedwriting.Oneday,though,histeachersawthestudentchattingonAOL:hepoppedupandwasIM-ingastorm.Sotheteacherputhiminfrontofacomputerandfoundthestudenthadalottosay!Technologycanbeatoolthatreallyworksforkids.’

CreswellMiddleSchoolreceivedaclasssetofAndroid10”devicesfromIntelEducation.Theschoolgottoputthetabletsthroughtheirpacesforamonthandthensharewhattheythought.EighthGradeMathteacherStanMercerusedthedevicesinhisartclass,askingthestudentstocreatetheirownversionofVincentVanGogh’sStarryNightusingtheAndroidtabletsandapaintingapp.

‘Thelevelofengagementwasincredible,’Stanrelays.‘Logistically,we’rejustnotabletohaveallthekidshaveoilpaint.Ican’timaginewhatthatwouldcostinmaterials.Withanapp,theycanerase.MyScriptcalculatorisoneofmyfavorites.Itallowsyoutoperformmathematicaloperationsnaturallyusingyourhandwriting.Ithinkthat’swhatcalculatorswillbelikeinthefuture.Withtheapp,it’saboutwhatyouthink:theconceptbehindtheequation.Ittookanobstacleoffthetable,andthekidsweremuchmoreengaged:pushed tohigherlevelsofthought.It’suptousteacherstoguidethat,sothatourstudentscanproducereal-worldresults.’

Hamiltonisanotherhugeadvocateofappsforlearning.

‘Ourschoolshaveaveryapp-centricwayofthinking,whichisyetanotherreasonthatthedevicesworkedsowellforus,’hesays.‘Mostappsarebuiltinsuchawaythatyoudon’tnoticethedifferencesofthedevicesyou’reusing.There’smoreofaseamlessexperiencewithapps.Itgoesbacktowhatdoyouwanttodo?Howcanwesupportthekids?’

AccordingtoMercer,thestudentspreferredusingthetabletsforresearchovertheirclassroom’snetbooksbecausetheyweremuchfaster.And,thoughkeyboardswereprovided,hisstudentsneverreallyusedthem.TeacherRobJeromewasimpressedwiththedevice’slongbatterylife.




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‘Itwouldlastfordays!’Robsayswithagrin.‘Asteachers,we’vebeenlookingforanall-purposetechnologysolution.Ournetbooksnowseemreallyslowincomparison.Weweresurprisedbyhowmuchmorewecouldaccomplishwiththetablets.Androidismuchhigheronourlistnow.We’veseenwheretherubberhitstheroadwiththem.Wedoalotofproject-basedlearningso,asatool,we’veseenhowthetabletcouldfitinwithoutcurriculum.Theyaregreatattakingvideoforinstance.Youcan’tevenbuyadigitalcameraforthatprice!’

Ben,aneighthgradestudentwhoisconsideredbymanyatCreswellMiddleSchoolastheschool’sunofficialDirectorofTechnology,alsosangthepraisesofthetablets.

‘KidslikeAndroidstuff.iPhonesareforoldpeople,’Benshares.‘IlovedhowwellthedevicesworkedwithGoogleDrive.IcoulduploadphotosmucheasierthanwithaniPad.I’veusedlotsofothertabletsandIthinkAndroidtabletsarethebest.WithApplestuff,there’snocontroloverwheretoputfiles.WithAndroid,thefilesarerightthere,andyoucandosomuchmore.’

Yet,asanyeducatorknows,sometimeskidscandotoomuchwiththeirdevices.Thetaskofmanagingdevicesonaclassroomlevelcanseemdauntingtomanyteachers,hinderingimplementationeffortsandbuy-in.ButtheteachersatCreswellMiddleSchoolareunfazedbythechallenge.

‘Classroommanagementofdevicesisveryteacherdependent,’Robexplains.‘Ittakestrustinbetweentheteacherandthestudent.WiththeAndroidtablets,thestudentsfeltlikewewereallonthesamepage.AndGoogleAppsforEducationmakesitalleasy-peasy.You’reupandgoingprettyquickly.Thetabletsaresoclosetophonesthatthelearningcurvewasn’tabigdeal.Thedeviceswerelighterthanwethought,andthescreenisspectacular.Forteachers,itwasharderbecauseyouneedtoknowhowtoteachwiththem.’

Stan chimes in.

‘Ifastudentismisusingthetechnology,Ihearaboutit:Thereisnohonoramongstthievesinmiddleschool!’headdswithalaugh.‘Ithinkthedevicesarenodifferentthanhandingthekidsapencilandpaper.Doyouworryaboutwhattheydraw?Itgoesbacktotrustandgoodmorals.Despiteour‘phonesoff’policy,Iletmystudentsusetheirphonessometimesascalculatorsbecauseresearchontheirnetbooksissoslow.Oneday,weweremaking3-Dmodelsofpyramidsandcubes.Isawakidtextingandcalledhimonit.Hewastextingmomabouthowcoolhisprojectwas!Thekidsareusuallyprettygoodabouttechnologyusebecausetheyknowthatthey’remakingmelookbadiftheyabuseit.Thetabletsfitmoreseamlesslywiththekids’phones,especiallysincemorekidsuseAndroidphonesthesedays.’

As Hamilton and his teachers reluctantly returned the classroom set of Android devices, Stan shared some partingthoughts.

‘Schoolscan’taffordtojumponanexpensivebandwagonthat’sgoingnowhere,’Stanexplains.‘Andtenyearsfromnow,thingswillbesodifferentthatstudentswillbeaskingtheirteachers‘youhadmathbooks!?’The




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kidsarehungryfortechnology.Andtheydeservethebest.DevicesliketheAndroidtabletshelpeventheplayingfieldtoo.Thekidsneedthesamechancestoaccessthesameresources.Andwhentheydo,theyamazemeeveryday!’lxvi




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Referencesi http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/10/googles-iron-grip-on-android-controlling-open-source-by-any-

means-necessary/

ii http://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-android-2013-8?op=1

iii http://google.about.com/od/socialtoolsfromgoogle/p/android_what_is.htm

iv http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/

v http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_4.0

vi http://www.androidcentral.com/how-use-android-43-s-restricted-profile-feature

vii http://pocketnow.com/2013/12/06/kitkat-versus-jelly-bean

viii http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/reviews/google-android/3529366/android-l-vs-ios-8-comparison-preview/

ix http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow/story/325082/the-10-coolest-features-in-android-l/10

x http://recombu.com/digital/news/what-is-android-tv-everything-you-need-to-know

xi http://www.thedrum.com/news/2014/08/20/predictions-googles-next-decade-10-years-after-its-ipo

xii http://www.fastcompany.com/3036136/fast-feed/apple-ios-8-adoption-reaches-46?partner=rss&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+fastcompany%2Fheadlines+%28Fast+Company%29&utm_content=FeedBurner

xiii http://bgr.com/2014/04/11/android-kitkat-vs-jelly-bean/

xiv http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/08/the-state-of-android-updates-whos-fast-whos-slow-and-why/#p3

xv http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/looking-at-the-android-operating-system0.html

xvi https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.docs&hl=en

xvii http://www.techtimes.com/articles/13252/20140818/windows-phone-rip-android-ios-account-for-96-4-percent-of-global-smartphone-sales.htm

xviii http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Android-tablet-market-share-hits-70-in-Q2-iPads-slip-to-25-Survey/articleshow/38966512.cms

xix http://www.debate.org/debates/iOS-is-better-than-Android-OS/1/

xx http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-benefits-importance-of-compatibility.html

xxi http://mashable.com/2011/09/29/amazon-kindle-fire-android-hijack/

xxii http://readwrite.com/2013/03/07/android-is-dead-long-live-google

xxiii http://www.theverge.com/2014/6/26/5845562/android-one-google-the-next-billion


http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/10/googles

http://www.businessinsider.com/history-of-android-2013-8?op=1

http://google.about.com/od/socialtoolsfromgoogle/p/android_what_is.htm

http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_4.0

http://www.androidcentral.com/how

http://pocketnow.com/2013/12/06/kitkat

http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/reviews/google-android/3529366/android

http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow/story/325082/the-10-coolest-features-in-android-l/10

http://recombu.com/digital/news/what-is-android-tv-everything-you-need-to-know

http://www.thedrum.com/news/2014/08/20/predictions

http://www.fastcompany.com/3036136/fast-feed/apple

http://bgr.com/2014/04/11/android

http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/08/the-state-of-android-updates-whos-fast-whos-slow-and-why/#p3

http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/looking-at-the-android-operating-system0.html

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.docs&hl=en

http://www.techtimes.com/articles/13252/20140818/windows-phone-rip-android-ios-account-for-96-4-percent-of-global-smartphone-sales.htm

http://www.techtimes.com/articles/13252/20140818/windows-phone-rip-android-ios-account-for-96-4-percent-of-global-smartphone-sales.htm

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Android-tablet-market-share-hits-70-in-Q2-iPads-slip-to-25-Survey/articleshow/38966512.cms

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Android-tablet-market-share-hits-70-in-Q2-iPads-slip-to-25-Survey/articleshow/38966512.cms

http://www.debate.org/debates/iOS-is-better-than-Android-OS/1/

http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-benefits-importance-of-compatibility.html

http://mashable.com/2011/09/29/amazon-kindle-fire-android-hijack/

http://readwrite.com/2013/03/07/android

http://www.theverge.com/2014/6/26/5845562/android-one-google-the-next-billion



48

xxiv http://www.engadget.com/2014/06/25/google-android-one/

xxv http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/buying-advice/google-android/3533490/android-one-vs-android-silver-vs-google-nexus/

xxvi http://www.techradar.com/us/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-silver-everything-you-need-to-know-1246714

xxvii http://google.about.com/od/socialtoolsfromgoogle/p/android_what_is.htm

xxviii http://www.omgchrome.com/chrome-os-android-merger-plans/

xxix http://www.computerworld.com/article/2491109/windows-pcs/chromebooks-may-grab-5-of-pc-market-about-the-same-as-apple-s-mac.html

xxx http://www.cnet.com/news/android-or-chrome-will-google-ever-decide-on-one-os/

xxxi http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/reviews/google-android/3529366/android-l-vs-ios-8-comparison-preview/

xxxii http://www.theverge.com/2011/12/13/2612736/ios-history-iphone-ipad

xxxiii http://techcrunch.com/2014/06/02/itunes-app-store-now-has-1-2-million-apps-has-seen-75-billion-downloads-to-date/

xxxiv http://www.pcworld.com/article/2597567/why-microsoft-needs-to-reveal-windows-9-sooner-than-later-the-end-of-windows-7.html

xxxv http://www.forbes.com/sites/quickerbettertech/2014/03/31/why-the-microsoft-surface-just-died-last-week/

xxxvi http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/04/amazons-kindle-fire-now-the-1-android-tablet/

xxxvii http://www.businessinsider.com/a-look-at-amazons-kindle-ecosystem-3-2014-2

xxxviii http://www.itworld.com/mobile-wireless/404688/android-tablet-deathmatch-amazon-kindle-fire-hdx-versus-samsung-galaxy-tab-3

xxxix http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/nexus-7-vs-lg-g-pad-8-3-vs-galaxy-note-8-kindle-fire-hdx-android-tablet-battle/

xl http://www.pearsoned.com/research/prek-12-research/

xli http://www.technology-in-education.co.uk/features/taking-the-right-tablet/

xlii http://hackeducation.com/2013/05/17/google-play-for-education-versus-the-open-web/

xliii http://www.forbes.com/sites/taesikyoon/2011/09/14/apple-versus-android-its-all-about-the-demo/

xliv http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2460022,00.asp

xlv http://www.edutopia.org/blog/options-increase-google-ed-market-andrew-marcinek

xlvi http://hothardware.com/News/Intel-launches-new-7-10inch-Education-Tablets-With-Optional-Sensors-Android-OS-/#!bIldBp


http://www.engadget.com/2014/06/25/google

http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/buying-advice/google-android/3533490/android

http://www.techradar.com/us/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-silver-everything-you-need-to-know-1246714

http://google.about.com/od/socialtoolsfromgoogle/p/android_what_is.htm

http://www.omgchrome.com/chrome

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2491109/windows-pcs/chromebooks-may-grab-5-of-pc-market-about-the-same-as-apple-s-mac.html

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2491109/windows-pcs/chromebooks-may-grab-5-of-pc-market-about-the-same-as-apple-s-mac.html

http://www.cnet.com/news/android-or-chrome-will-google-ever-decide-on-one-os/

http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/reviews/google-android/3529366/android

http://www.theverge.com/2011/12/13/2612736/ios-history-iphone-ipad

http://techcrunch.com/2014/06/02/itunes

http://www.pcworld.com/article/2597567/why-microsoft-needs-to-reveal-windows-9-sooner-than-later-the-end-of-windows-7.html

http://www.pcworld.com/article/2597567/why-microsoft-needs-to-reveal-windows-9-sooner-than-later-the-end-of-windows-7.html

http://www.forbes.com/sites/quickerbettertech/2014/03/31/why-the-microsoft-surface-just-died-last-week/

http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/04/amazons

http://www.businessinsider.com

http://www.itworld.com/mobile-wireless/404688/android

http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/nexus-7-vs-lg-g-pad-8-3-vs-galaxy-note-8-kindle-fire-hdx-android-tablet-battle/

http://www.pearsoned.com/research/prek

http://www.technology-in-education.co.uk/features/taking

http://hackeducation.com/2013/05/17/google-play-for-education-versus-the-open-web/

http://www.forbes.com/sites/taesikyoon/2011/09/14/apple-versus-android-its-all-about-the-demo/

http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2460022,00.asp

http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2460022,00.asp

http://www.edutopia.org/blog/options-increase-google-ed-market-andrew-marcinek

http://hothardware.com/News/Intel



49

xlvii http://www.newwaystolearn.com/#!The-only-way-to-use-Android-in-Education/ce0g/50D8EEAB-F32C-4C3A-9968-2FA5697D8F22

xlviii http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS24794914

xlix http://foradian.com/googles-android-wear-how-it-is-going-to-innovate/

l http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2014/10/android-be-together-not-same.html

li http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2014/10/15/intel-powers-nexus-player-fully-supports-lollipop

lii http://educationaltechnologyguy.blogspot.com/p/android-for-education.html

liii http://www.androidpit.com/google-play-for-education-android-for-the-school

liv https://www.google.com/edu/tablets/

lv http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/06/25/google-adapts-the-google-play-for-education-platform-for-use-on-chromebooks/

lvi http://techcrunch.com/2014/06/25/google-play-for-education-goes-beyond-tablets-now-available-for-chromebooks-too/

lvii http://www.phonearena.com/news/Androids-Google-Play-beats-App-Store-with-over-1-million-apps-now-officially-largest_id45680

lviii http://www.udemy.com/blog/ios-vs-android-vs-windows/

lix http://www.dailytech.com/Google+Play+for+Education+Launches+for+Android+Tablets+Targets+K12/article33744.htm

lx http://www.speirs.org/blog/2012/3/6/we-need-to-talk-about-android.html

lxi http://betanews.com/2011/10/13/higher-ed-should-get-over-its-love-affair-with-ipad/

lxii http://commercial.asus.com/case_studies/Lincoln_Elementary_School_District_156_-_Education

lxiii http://www.fresnobee.com/2014/08/13/4068903/for-these-fresno-students-school.html

lxiv http://www.k12blueprint.com/sites/default/files/android-in-education-case-study.pdf


http://www.newwaystolearn.com

http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS24794914

http://foradian.com/googles

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2014/10/android-be-together-not-same.html

http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2014/10/15/intel-powers-nexus-player-fully-supports-lollipop

http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2014/10/15/intel-powers-nexus-player-fully-supports-lollipop

http://educationaltechnologyguy.blogspot.com/p/android-for-education.html

http://www.androidpit.com/google

https://www.google.com/edu/tablets

http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/06/25/google

http://techcrunch.com/2014/06/25/google

http://www.phonearena.com/news/Androids

http://www.udemy.com/blog/ios-vs-android-vs-windows/

http://www.dailytech.com/Google+Play+for+Education+Launches+for+Android+Tablets+Targets+K12/article33744.htm

http://www.dailytech.com/Google+Play+for+Education+Launches+for+Android+Tablets+Targets+K12/article33744.htm

http://www.speirs.org/blog/2012/3/6/we-need-to-talk-about-android.html

http://betanews.com/2011/10/13/higher


http://www.fresnobee.com/2014/08/13/4068903/for-these-fresno-students-school.html

http://www.k12blueprint.com/sites/default/files/android-in-education-case-study.pdf

for internal training only - k-12 blueprint...android os is now increasingly incorporated into...

Documents