for checking
TRANSCRIPT
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Dr Vivian Barrera / Dr Farhan June 20, 2013
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91 y.o. Chinese female Premorbidly
ADL assisted Ambulant with WF Independent in grooming and feeding BARTHEL 12/20 AMT 6/10
Social Widowed 1 adopted daughter :Main carer
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DM HBAIC : 6.1
13/5/13
HYPERTENSION
HYPERLIPIDEMIA
TB OF KIDNEYS 1980
Bleeding GIT 2009 -extensive diverticular
disease - Antral erosions
Fracture Right IT 4 S/P DHS 2006
Fracture left IT s/P PFNA in 2010
Fall 5/2013 with Left Olecranon fracture
S/P ORIF left Olecranon
Left Humerus Fracture▪ Conservative
management ▪ Discharged to AMKCH for rehab▪ BMD: T score -2.2 2010
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6/5 /2013 Spiked fever (+) cough Bibasal creps (+) SOB , SP02 89%-
95% CXR: no consolidation/ effusion CPR 1 TW 6.8 PLT:
203 crea 98 UFEME: suggestive of UTI Urine CS: Proteus Given IV Rocephine, Flagyl
10/5/2013 Repeat bloods HB 8.8 TW 5.9 crea 187, Na 140 K 3.7
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Oriented TPPNon toxic lookingNeck : suppleH : S1 S2C : bibasal crepsA : soft , no palpable bladderC: supple bilaterallyDRE: Brown stools, No bloodMotor 5/5 uLE
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Hb 9.3 MCV 98.2 H MCH 32.4 H MCHC 33 TW 5.9 Plt 258 Crea 179
H Urea: 6.7 TCalcium 2.09L Cor Ca 2.35 iPhosphate 1.36
Vit B12 209
Folate : 5.20 Transferrin 1.29
Ferritin 270.7 Iron serum 12.1 Iron sat 42%
Haptoglobin 157 Vit d 5ug/L CRP 8.0 Procalcitonin 0.27 PTH 19.68
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TSH 12.9 T4
0.719
Hbaic 6.1 Albumin 25
CK Normal
LFT: Normal APTT /PT Normal
UFEME 23/48/0 (-) protein (+) esterase Urine CS: NBG
Sputum CS: normal flora
AFB Smear: negative x3 takings
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Fracture Distal shaft of fifth Metatarsal bone L
Xray toes: diffuse bony osteopenia, healing fracture of
distal shaft of the fifth metatarsal bone noted
Seen By ORTHO Casting done
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23/5 Urine PCR 2.07 UFEME 20/270/0 (+) protein (+)
esterase ANA screen negative ENA screen negative DsDNA <25 ANCA Anti MPO negative Anti PR3 negative
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Patient doesn’t qualify for DDX of MM Crea -->Prob post TB Kidneys and
CRPD M band is just 3G/L Calcium is normal Anemia not completely worked up▪ for skeletal survey▪ B2 Macroglobulin
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There is no evidence of lytic lesions in skull or the bones to suggest presence of MM deposits
Unlikely MM, (?) likely MGUS Needs Further anemia WU Not for BMA
BETA 2 MACROGLOBULIN 14,392
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Patient Multiple Myeloma Tuberculosis kidney/chest
MGUS
Age 91 older adultMA >60
* mean age >70
Anemia * * Not seen
Deranged Creatinine
* * Not seen
Chronic renal parenchymal disease
* Not seen
Calcium normal * *
Low VIT DOsteopenia
*
Absent skeletal lytic lesions
* * *
Infection * *
AFB Negative
B2 microglobulin Poor prognosis
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Diagnosed only if Serum Monoclonal Protein( IgA, IGg,
IgM) < 3 g/dl) Clonal BM plasma cells < 10% Absent of lytic lesions. Anemia,
hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency ( end organ damage) that can be attributed to plasma cell proliferative disorder
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Past TB of kidney Discordant kidney size
Recurrent or resistant urinary tract infection, sterile pyuria with or without hematuria .
Renal (hydronephrosis/pyonephrosis) Renal failure (Chronic kidney disease due to
parenchymal infection and obstructive uropathy
Infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease. Urine AFB smear ( 55% sensitivity) Urine AFB culture ( 41% sensitivity)
Indian J Urol. 2008 Jul-Sep; 24(3): 401–405.
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Older age Anemia , leukopenia, low albumin Unexplained renal dysfunction Multiple fractures Elevated b2 macroglobulin M proteins
Raised IgA, ( 20% of MM) Protein electrophoresis
Raised K/L freeLight chains ( 20% of MM) Immunofixation : (+) monoclonal bands
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1% of all cancers10% of all hematologic cancerF>M (1.4.:1) IncurableDisease of older adults ( mean age:
66y.o)Small but unknown fraction of
cases are familialEvolve from MGUS
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Complex , poorly understood
Establishment of a limited clonal proliferation
Progression of MGUS to MM
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Genetic predispositionOlder age ImmunosupressionHormonalEnvironmental exposures
Radiation Herbicides, insecticides, benzene,
petroleum
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Anemia 73 %
Bone pain 58%
Inc creatinine 48%
Fatique 32%
Hypercalcemia 28%
Weight loss 24 %
Paresthesias 5%
Hepatomegaly 4 %
Slenomegaly 1%
Lympadenopathy 1 %
Fever 0.7%
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Presence of M –protein in serum No specific level of m-protein is used as
a cut off value 40% percent of patients with symptomatic
MM will have an M protein of < 3 g/dl Presence of 10% clonal bone marrow
plasma cells Related organ or tissue impairment
CRAB
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1. Hypercalcemia: serum calcium>2.75 mmol/L2. Renal dysfunction: serum creatinine>173 mmol/L3. Anemia: hemoglobin 2 g/dL below lower limit of normal4. Lytic bone lesions (CT and MRI may be used to identify suspicious findings on plain films)5. Symptomatic hyperviscosity6. Amyloidosis7. Recurrent bacterial infections (more than two episodes in 1 year)
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FBC, blood chemistryElectrophoresis immunofixationQuantitative ImmunoglobulinXrays, Ct scan, MRI, PET BMAB2 Microglobulin
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Deferred treatment if asymptomaticBisphosphonatesBlood transfusion or erythropoeitinChemotherapyAutologous stem cell transplantAllogenic SCT
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Stage I B2 M < 3.5g/dl, albumin >/ 3.5g/dl
Stage II B2M < 3.5mg/dl, alb <3.5g/dl or B2M 3.5—5.5 mg/L irrespective of
serum albuminStage III
B2M >/ 5.5 mg/dl
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Stage 1 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
HB > 10g/dl < 8.5mg/dl
calcium Normal > 12 mg/dl
Skeletal survey:
NormalSingle plasmacytoma or osteoporosis
3 or more lseions
Serum paraprotein level
< 5 g/dl If IgG <3 g/dl id IgA
7 g/dl 5 g/dl
9.31
Urinary light chains excretion
< 4 g/24h > 12 g/24
Survival rate 62 mos 45 mos 29 mos
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Myeloma screen : M Band 3/G/L IgG 5.88 N IgA: 9.31
Increased IgM 0.21 N K/L ratio: O.o6
decreased Kappa free light chain: 37.9 increased Lambda free light chain : 607 increased
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Urine electrophoresis Protein electrophoresis
Monoclonal band detected and bands in alpha 1, alpha 2, beta and gamma globulin regions seen
Immunofixation electrophoresis Monoclonal band detected with anti
lambda Total protein urine
1.94g/L