Susterra® 1,3 Propanediol For Brewery Heat Transfer Fluids

Susterra® 1,3 Propanediol offers system owners an innovative,

bio based glycol alternative for glycol loops

2

3

Glycol Viscosity Comparison

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

-20 -10 0 10 20 30

Temp, oC

Vis

co

sit

y, cp

s Propylene Glycol

1,3 Propanediol

Ethylene Glycol

Glycol Viscosity Comparison

Susterra® 1,3 Propanediol exhibits lower viscosity in low-temperature conditions like

those in brewery heat transfer loops, improving efficiency of the system.

4

Comparison of Pumping Pressure: Susterra® 1,3 PDO vs PG

At -10º C, a 40% PG /60% water solution requires

2.4 times the pumping energy as a 40% Susterra®/ 60% water solution.

40.5 wt % PG 40 wt % PDO Properties at -10º C

5

Freeze Points of Aqueous Glycol Solutions

-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Glycol Volume, %

De

gre

es

, F

EG Vol% PG Vol% PDO Vol%

-25.2-13.3100

-36.0-32.895

-53.3-6490

-87.2-12585

-90.0-13080

-76.1-10575

-63.3-8270

-53.9-65.165

-45.4-49.860

-36.6-33.955

-29.2-20.550

-24.2-11.545

-20.1-4.140

-15.93.435

-12.69.430

-9.714.625

-7.119.320

-4.923.215

-3.126.410

-1.529.35

0.0320

FP oCFP oFVol, %

1,3 Propanediol

-25.2-13.3100

-36.0-32.895

-53.3-6490

-87.2-12585

-90.0-13080

-76.1-10575

-63.3-8270

-53.9-65.165

-45.4-49.860

-36.6-33.955

-29.2-20.550

-24.2-11.545

-20.1-4.140

-15.93.435

-12.69.430

-9.714.625

-7.119.320

-4.923.215

-3.126.410

-1.529.35

0.0320

FP oCFP oFVol, %

1,3 Propanediol

Susterra® 1,3 Propanediol lowers freeze points in applications like brewery heat

transfer loops.

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6

Glycol Cracking Study Results

• Glycol cracking occurs as heat transfer fluid sees temperature fluctuations, producing corrosive organic compounds and darkened fluid.

• This often results in premature replacement of the HTX fluid

• DTL evaluated the relative stability of three glycols, using the same inhibitor package

PDO PG EG

After testing, the Susterra®-based fluid exhibited

significantly less darkening than the PG and EG fluids

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7

Fluid Comparison: Nitrite Levels

The sample containing inhibited Susterra® retained

significantly more nitrites than the inhibited PG and EG samples

8

8

Fluid Comparison: Glycolate Levels

The Susterra®-based fluid produced fewer

glycolates than the inhibited PG and EG fluids

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Susterra® Propanediol Achieves NSF International Nonfood

Compounds Registration

2010 Press Release:

DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products is excited to announce that Susterra® propanediol has NSF

International Nonfood Compounds Registration. Susterra® is now acceptable as an ingredient for

use in heat transfer fluids with incidental food contact (HTX-1) for use in and around food

processing areas.

Susterra® propanediol offers formulators and suppliers a renewably sourced glycol base that

meets the NSF International Registration Guidelines for Proprietary Substances and Nonfood

Compounds.

Formulators using NSF Registered Ingredients need only identify the Susterra® propanediol

name, the NSF Registration No. 141749, and concentration of Susterra® in the finished product

of their respective application form.

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Ingredient for use in Heat Transfer Fluids with Incidental Food Contact (HTX-1)

Susterra® is approved as an ingredient for use in HTX with

incidental food contact for use in and around food processing areas including

breweries.

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Appendix

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Glycol Comparisons Parameters EG PG Susterra®

Chemical Formula C2H6O2 C3H8O2 C3H8O2

CAS # 107-21-1 57-55-6 504-63-2

HMIS Rating: Health 2 0 0

Fire 1 1 1

Reactivity 0 0 0

Molecular Weight 62.07 76.1 76.1

Specific Gravity (20/20oC) 1.115 1.038 1.055

Weight/gal (US) lbs/20oC 9.28 8.64 8.78

Refractive Index (20oC) 1.432 1.433 1.439

Viscosity, cP (20oC) 21 56 52

Flash Point, oC(

oF) 118(244) 103(217) 129(264)

Boiling Point, oC(

oF) 198(387) 187(369) 214(417)

Freezing Point, oC(

oF) -13(8.6) -60(-76) -24(-11.2)

Vapor Density (air = 1) 2.1 2.62 2.5

Explosive Limits: Lower (%) 3.2 2.6 2.6

Upper (%) 15.3 12.5 16.6

Autoignition Temp, oC(

oF) 399(752) 415(779) 405(761)

Vapor Pressure, mmHg (20oC) 0.06 <0.1 0.08

Surface Tension, dyne/cm (20oC) 48.4 40.1 46.2

Specific Heat, cal/g/oC (20

oC) 0.56 0.59 0.53

Coeff of Expansion, per oC (10

o - 40

oC) 0.00062 0.00069 0.00061

Heat of Formation (kJ/mol) -480.8

Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol) 57.9

Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol) 7.1

Critical Temp (oC) 445

Critical Pressure (mPa) 6.55

12

12 Thermal Stability: Glycol Cracking Simulation

This study was conducted to evaluate relative stability of three glycols, using the same inhibitor package (2.2% of #2792)

Concentrated glycols:

• 712-132A: 1,2-Propanediol-based fluid (PG)

• 712-132B: 1,3-Propanediol-based fluid (PDO)

• 712-132C: Ethylene glycol-based fluid (EG)

Simulate semi-closed loop solar HTX fluid application; boil samples in a reflux condition for 16 hours and analyze the residual HTX fluid:

• Reflux temperature: 362°F to 392°F (183.3°C to 200°C)

– Boiling points at 1 ATM:

• PG = 371°F (188.3°C)

• PDO = 417°F (213.9°C)

• EG = 387°F (197.2°C)

Solar thermal HTX often exceed 200C at elevated pressure during low flow or stagnation

events, causing glycol cracking and production of corrosive organic compounds

When paired, the inhibitors and Susterra® exhibited

superior thermal stability vs. the PG and EG inhibited glycols

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The source is renewable

Enabling a Renewable Economy...

Oil Refining Chemistry

Crops Biomass Feedstock Metabolic Engineering

The source is not renewable

From:

To:

Resins

Molded Parts

Fibers

14

Susterra® Life Cycle Assessment* Comparison From “cradle-to-gate,” the production of Susterra® consumes 40% less energy

and reduces greenhouse gas emissions by more than 40% versus petroleum-

based 1,3-propanediol and propylene glycol.

2.18

5.0

3.75

63.9

111.0

103.6

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Susterra® Propanediol

(PO route)

Propylene

Glycol

Susterra® Propanediol

(PO route)

Propylene

Glycol

GH

G E

mis

sio

ns (

kg

CO

2 e

qu

iv /

kg

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

No

n R

en

ew

ab

le E

nerg

y (M

J/k

g)

GHG Emission Non Renewable Energy

Green House Gas Emissions

- 56% less than Propanediol,

- 42% less than Propylene Glycol

Non Renewable Energy Use

- 42% less than Propanediol,

- 38% less than Propylene Glycol

*Susterra® LCA data based on Loudon process design data;

peer reviewed by Five Winds International

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Japan Case Study: HTX for Beverage Processing

Susterra® -based fluid is being used in Japan as a heat transfer fluid with low

viscosity that is safe for use in food & beverage processing plants