July 2001 1

Foot and Mouth Disease

Dr. Jim DonahueUSDA, APHIS

July 2001 2

Wisconsin Biosecurity Workgroup

The information in this presentation was developed through a coordinated project of University of Wisconsin-Extension, Cooperative Extension; Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection, Division of Animal Health; University of Wisconsin-Madison – College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and School of Veterinary Medicine; and U.S. Department of Agriculture, APHIS, Veterinary Services.

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Foot and Mouth DiseaseFeatures of the Disease highly contagious affects cloven-hoofed animalsClinical signs high morbidity, low mortality in adults may see high mortality in young vesicles/erosions in mouth, nose, feet, etc.

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Foot and Mouth Disease

Federal Program Kill infected and exposed animals Burn or bury dead animals Quarantine farm and area No vaccinations Restricted animal movement Limited human movement

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FMD etiology Picornavirus 7 serotypes, 60+

subtypes Most contagious

agent known in human or veterinary medicine

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FMD etiology

Virus remains viable 14 days - dry fecal matter 39 days - urine 28 days - soil surface in fall 3 days - soil surface in summer 6 months - slurry in winter

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FMD transmission Pigs - amplifying hosts Cattle - indicator hosts Sheep - maintenance hosts Persistent carriers are

cattle, pigs, sheep

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FMD transmission Direct contact Wind-borne transmission - 10-250 km Aerosols from milk tanks Animal products

uncooked, salted, cured meatsunpasteurized milk, other dairy productsgreen salted hidessemen and embryos

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Clinical signs in cattle Incubation 2-10 days Fever Excessive salivation Vesicles Lameness Milk production drops Differentials: VS, BT, BVD, IBR, MD

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Clinical signs in swine

• Fever• Vesicles• Lameness, recumbent• Slough claws

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Clinical signs in sheep Fever Vesicles, maybe Lameness “Iceberg infection”

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Preventing FMD in the U.S. Restrictions on animals and animal

products Increased surveillance Updating emergency response Awareness activities

continuing educationweb site: www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/fmdtraveler’s hotline: 1-866-SAFGUARDindustry technical information at 1-

800-601-9327

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FAD investigations and testing

Promote biosecurity Accelerated emergency

response plan Establish liaisons

(state, federal, academic, extension, professional organizations)

Preventing FMD in Wisconsin

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Biosecurity recommendations

Visitors from FMD countries should avoid farms for at least one week.

Reduce exposure from contaminated items, such as clothes, shoes, equipmentRemove all organic materialUse disposable boots or disinfectants on footwear

Avoid contact with animal production areas

Generally applicable to herd health

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What if ….?

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Emergency response National Regional State Local

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Wisconsin Biosecurity Workgroup

University of Wisconsin-ExtensionUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison

CALS/Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin-River FallsDepartment of Agriculture, Trade and

Consumer ProtectionU.S. Department of Agriculture, APHIS, Veterinary Services.