food webs and pyramids
DESCRIPTION
Food Webs and Pyramids. Food Chains. Nutrients and energy flow through ecosystems in food chains and food webs. A food chain is the flow of energy from one organism to another. The arrows in a food chain represent the energy flow ! Here is an example……. Trophic Levels. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Food Webs and Pyramids
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Food ChainsNutrients and energy flow through ecosystems in food chains and food webs.
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A food chain is the flow of energy from one organism to another.
The arrows in a food chain represent the energy flow!
Here is an example……
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Trophic Levels
Contains all organisms in a feeding level that are the same number of steps away from the sun.
Moving up each trophic level, there is a 90% loss of heat.
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That means that only 10% of energy is passed along from one level to another.
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Because of the huge loss of energy, there is usually no more that 4 or 5 trophic levels.
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VOCABULARY1. Autotroph (producer) – Organisms that can make its own food.
2. Heterotroph (consumer) – Organisms that relies on other organisms for food
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3. Primary consumer – the first consumer that eats the producer
4. Herbivore – organisms that eat only PLANTS
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5.Secondary consumer – second level consumer that eats a first level consumer
6.Tertiary consumer – third level consumer
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7. Carnivore – organisms that eat only MEAT
8. Omnivore – Organisms that eat both PLANTS and ANIMALS
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9. Decomposer (saprophyte) – type of bacteria or fungus that breaks down dead organisms and wastes
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10.Detritivore (detritus feeder) – organisms that shred and consume already dead organisms and matter (other than bacteria and fungi).
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FOOD WEBSFOOD WEBS
Interconnecting food chains
Gives us a better picture of the ecosystem
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Keystone Species
A species that has a strong or wide-reaching impact on a community is called a keystone species.
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If the keystone species is removed, the community will collapse and alter a large portion of the food web.
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Ecological Pyrmaids
Graphic way to represent the relationship energy values in each tropic level.
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The bases of these pyramids represent the producers.
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Higher trophic levels are layered on top of one another. The source of energy for these pyramids is the sun.
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TYPES OF PYRAMIDS
Pyramid of EnergyPyramid of NumbersPyramid of Biomass
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PYRAMID OF ENERGY
Illustrates the energy content of biomass of each tropic level.
Energy expressed in kilocalories/square meters.
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Larger at the bottom and gets progressively smaller.
Shows that most of the energy dissipates at the lower levels
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The energy lost in each successive trophic level is heat that enters the environment.
Energy pyramids explain why there are few trophic levels.
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No biological process is 100% efficient. There will be unusable energy.
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PYRAMID OF BIOMASS
Illustrates the total biomass at each trophic level.
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Biomass is a quantitative estimate of the total mass or amount of living material.
Biomass units vary. It can be represented by total volume or live weight.
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Assumption – There is on the average a 90% reduction of biomass for each trophic level.
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Biomass is calculated by finding the average weight of an organism of each species at that trophic level and then multiplying by the estimated number of organisms in each population.
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Although carnivores do not eat a lot of producers, it takes a lot of producers to support them.
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PYRAMID OF NUMBERSThis pyramid is based on the number of organisms at each level.
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Not as useful as the other pyramids because it provides no information about energy levels or biomass.
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Inverted pyramid of numbers – higher trophic level organisms have more than lower trophic levels.
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INVERTED PYRAMID OF NUMBERS
Blue birds