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Macro-molecules Anatomy Vocabulary Secretions Form and

function

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Enzymes

Name the 3 major macromolecules

Bonus 10pts: name the fourth

Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates

Bonus: nucleic acids

Carbohydrates break down into

monosaccharides

Proteins break down into

Amino acids

Lipids break down into

Glycerol and fatty acids

The process by which

macromolecules are broken down is

called

hydrolysis

The passage (cavity) shared

between the mouth and nose

Pharynx

The flap of tissue that closes off the trachea to block

the passage of food

epiglottis

The name of the folds in the small

intestine (two levels)

Villi and microvilli

Rings of smooth muscle that

regulate flow of food, chyme and feces. Name two!

Sphincter (cardiac, pyloric, ilio-caecal,

and anus)

The largest organ in the body that is responsible for

changing glucose to glycogen and visa versa. Also

responsible for releasing bile salts. What do bile salts do?

Bonus (20pts)

Liver Bonus: emulsify

fats

The enzyme found in the mouth that is responsible

for starch digestion.

Bonus 10pts: What is another word for starch

Salivary amylase

Bonus: amylose

The enzyme found in the stomach first

responsible for protein digestion

Pepsin

Name 3 enzymes released from the

pancreas

Pancreatic amylase, trypsin and lipase (other answers will be

considered)

Responsible for breaking down the

disaccharide maltose

Maltase

Name three factors that effect enzyme

activity

pH, temperature, and substrate concentration

The rhythmic, wavelike movements

that facilitate the transport of

digesting food

Parastalsis

The name for the liquefied materials leaving the stomach

Bonus 10 pts: What sphincter does it pass

through?

Chyme

Bonus: pyloric

A substance that is responsible for

speeding up chemical reactions (an enzyme is

an example)

Catalyst

Another name for the tube that makes

up our digestive tract is

Alimentary canal

The term used to describe the physical property of repelling

water

hydrophobic

Name 3 secretions released in the

stomach

Pepsin(ogen), HCl (released as H+

and Cl- ions), and mucus

The name of the secretion from the

pancreas that neutralizes stomach acid as chyme enters

the small intestine

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

Name the three glands responsible for secreting saliva

Parotid, sublingual and

submandibular

The secretion from the liver

responsible for emulsifying lipids

Bile

What type of gland is the pancreas (in

relation to the digestive system)?

Exocrine

The reason that the small intestine has

so many folds

To increase surface area (better absorption)

A unique feature of the stomach that allows it to

aid in mechanical digestion

Multiple layers of crisscrossing muscle tissue

The name of the vestigial organ located on the caecum of the large

intestine

Bonus 20pts: what purpose does it serve in

other organisms

Appendix(Bonus: digesting

cellulose)

A function of the large intestine that accounts

for its size

Reabsorption of water

The teeth are designed to increase the surface area of our food. The term used to describe

this process is

mastication

Make your wager

The process depicted above is called

Dehydration Synthesis