“It takes four months to ship food aid and 40 percent of the cost is in the shipping. People cannot eat shipping costs. We

have had people die when there are surpluses

in the markets.”

~Andrew Natsios

Core Values

•  Right to Food •  Moral

Obligation

Commons

•  Biodiversity •  Water Supply

Coordination

•  Distribution •  Agricultural

Policy

Type of Institution

Coordination Commons Core Values

Non-state Action Red Cross FAIN CGIAR

Food First World Vision Oxfam

Internal Control Domestic Ag. Policy (WTO)

Domestic Ag. Policy (WTO)

USAID

Mutual recognition

NAFTA NAFTA

Consensual rules Food Aid Convention

Delegation WFP/ FAO

Withdrawal

•  States as Major Actors

•  Lack of Autonomy •  Explains Several

Organizations •  Limited (ex. WTO)

Realism

•  More Autonomy •  Better explains

WTO and other organizations

•  Limited Inst.

Real. •  Lack of Autonomy •  Conflicting

Mandates

Inst. •  Does not address

performance

Policy Agenda Setting

Adjudication Monetary Collection Enforcement Distribution

Following the State

FAC/WTO FAO WFP

Running My Own Game

Performance Implications: • Pathology • “Eye of the Beholder” • Mission Creep • Normalization of Deviance

Delegated Moral Expert

FAO Low High High

WFP High Moderate Moderate

WTO Moderate Low Low

FAO: Bloated Organization

•  Centralized Authority

•  Insufficient demarcation and cooperation

WFP: Strong Autonomy

•  Dynamic administrative structure

•  Appropriately delegated authorities

WTO: Legitimacy Crisis

•  Driven by member states

•  Lack of Consensus

Internal Performance Implications: • Inefficiencies • Conflicting Mandates and Interests • Overlapping Policies

“If the misery of the poor be caused not by the laws of

nature, but by our institutions, great is our sin.”

~Charles Darwin