food security and institutions in protracted crises: enhancing food systems resilience
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Food Security and Institutions in Protracted Crises: Enhancing Food Systems Resilience. Challenges for GECAFS Research Arising from Case Studies in DRC, Somalia and Sudan. Günter Hemrich, Food Systems Economist Agricultural and Development Economics Division (ESA) FAO, Rome, Italy. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Food Security and Institutions in Food Security and Institutions in Protracted Crises: Protracted Crises: Enhancing Food Enhancing Food
Systems ResilienceSystems Resilience
Challenges for GECAFS Research Arising from Challenges for GECAFS Research Arising from Case Studies in DRC, Somalia and SudanCase Studies in DRC, Somalia and Sudan
Günter Hemrich, Food Systems EconomistAgricultural and Development Economics Division (ESA)
FAO, Rome, Italy
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Food Security Challenges in Protracted Food Security Challenges in Protracted CrisesCrises
Overview of FAO Case Study SeriesOverview of FAO Case Study Series
Relevance for GECAFS ResearchRelevance for GECAFS Research
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Food Security Challenges in Protracted Food Security Challenges in Protracted CrisesCrises
Overview of FAO Case Study SeriesOverview of FAO Case Study Series
Relevance for GECAFS ResearchRelevance for GECAFS Research
Food Emergencies 1986-2005Food Emergencies 1986-2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004
To
tal
Nu
mb
er
of
Co
un
trie
s
Source: FAO
Causes of Food Emergencies in 2005Causes of Food Emergencies in 2005
AfricaAfrica AsiaAsia Latin Latin America America EuropeEurope
HumanHuman 1919 44 22 11
WeatherWeather 00 44 22 00
CombinedCombined 88 11 11 00
TotalTotal 2727 99 55 11
Location and Protraction of Food Emergencies
Societies in Protracted Crises: Societies in Protracted Crises: Irretrievable Loss in Resilience?Irretrievable Loss in Resilience?
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time
Eff
icie
ncy
of
Fo
od
Sys
tem
serv
ices
Resilience of Food Systems
Shock
Shock
Shock
Shock
Food System Resilience: Prerequisite Food System Resilience: Prerequisite for Food Securityfor Food Security
Food Security Dimensions:• Availability• Access• Stability • Utilization
Resources
Distribution
Production
Consumption
Processing
Food System
Markets
Policies
Societal Resilience
Ecology
Knowledge
Institutions
Resources
Re-building food system resilience: the Re-building food system resilience: the twin-track approach twin-track approach
Twin Track Twin Track ApproachApproach AvailabilityAvailability AccessAccess
And UtilizationAnd Utilization StabilityStability
Rural Rural Development/ Development/ productivity productivity enhancementenhancement
Improving rural Improving rural food production, food production, esp. by small-esp. by small-scale farmersscale farmers
Investing in rural Investing in rural infrastructureinfrastructure
Resource Resource rehabilitation rehabilitation and conservationand conservation
Enhancing Enhancing income and other income and other entitlements to entitlements to foodfood
Re-establishing Re-establishing rural institutionsrural institutions
Mechanisms to Mechanisms to ensure safe foodensure safe food
Diversifying Diversifying agriculture and agriculture and employmentemployment
Monitoring food Monitoring food security and security and vulnerabilityvulnerability
Dealing with the Dealing with the structural causes structural causes of food insecurityof food insecurity
Direct and Direct and Immediate Immediate Access to Access to FoodFood
Food AidFood Aid
Seed/input reliefSeed/input relief
Enabling Market Enabling Market RevivalRevival
Food/Cash Food/Cash transfers transfers
Social ProgramsSocial Programs
Nutrition Nutrition intervention progintervention prog
Re-establishing Re-establishing social Safety netssocial Safety nets
Peace building Peace building effortsefforts
Food Security Information Food Security Information for Actionfor Action
Information Tools
FS Analysis/Action Platform
FS Policy/Strategy Framework
FS Benchmarks
FS Prgrms
Tw
in T
rack C
on
ceptu
al F
ramew
ork
Tw
in T
rack O
peratio
nal
Fram
ewo
rk
Info
rmatio
n
Actio
n
Challenges of the Twin-trackChallenges of the Twin-track
Defining and understanding the Defining and understanding the operational implicationsoperational implications
Defining prioritisation mechanismsDefining prioritisation mechanisms
Capturing the institutional contextCapturing the institutional context
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Food Security Challenges in Protracted Food Security Challenges in Protracted CrisesCrises
Overview of FAO Case Study SeriesOverview of FAO Case Study Series
Relevance for GECAFS ResearchRelevance for GECAFS Research
Draft StudiesDraft Studies
DRCDRCHouseholds Land Use Strategies in a Protracted Crisis Context: Land Tenure, Households Land Use Strategies in a Protracted Crisis Context: Land Tenure, Conflict and Food Security in Eastern DRC (Koen Vlassenroot, University of Ghent)Conflict and Food Security in Eastern DRC (Koen Vlassenroot, University of Ghent)Food Security and Interventions in Beni-Lubero: Back to the Future? (Timothy Food Security and Interventions in Beni-Lubero: Back to the Future? (Timothy Raeymaekers, University of Ghent)Raeymaekers, University of Ghent)
SomaliaSomaliaTrade, Livelihoods and Food Security in a Protracted Political Emergency: The Case Trade, Livelihoods and Food Security in a Protracted Political Emergency: The Case of Jubba Region, Southern Somalia (Peter Little, University of Kentucky)of Jubba Region, Southern Somalia (Peter Little, University of Kentucky)Livestock, Markets and Food Security in Southern and Central Somalia (Andy Catley, Livestock, Markets and Food Security in Southern and Central Somalia (Andy Catley, Tufts University)Tufts University)
SudanSudanChanges and Potential Changes and Potential Resilience of Food SystemsResilience of Food Systems in the in the Nuba Mountains Nuba Mountains Conflict Conflict (Sara Pantuliano, ODI) (Sara Pantuliano, ODI) Policies, Practice and Participation in Complex Emergencies: The Case of Policies, Practice and Participation in Complex Emergencies: The Case of Livestock Livestock Interventions in South Sudan Interventions in South Sudan (Andy Catley, Tufts University) (Andy Catley, Tufts University)
Case Study Framework Case Study Framework
Emerging findingsEmerging findings
Failing institutions and conflicts over resources are the driving factors of the crisis and of food insecurity; Local stakeholder responses often have a long term perspective and have adapted to the crises. Are these adaptations sustainable?Repeated short term responses have saved lives but have impacted negatively on long-term food security;Long term responses may be possible also under emergency contexts, but have often been treating the symptoms rather the causes of the crises.
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Food Security Challenges in Protracted Food Security Challenges in Protracted CrisesCrises
Overview of FAO Case Study SeriesOverview of FAO Case Study Series
Relevance for GECAFS ResearchRelevance for GECAFS Research
GECAFS Conceptual FrameworkGECAFS Conceptual Framework
Source: GECAFS (2005): Science Plan, p. 10
Conditions &Scenarios
CurrentFood System
Adapted Food Systems
Vulnerability &Impacts
Feedbacks
Adaptation
DecisionSupport
ContextContext Food Food System System Adaptation Adaptation
Decision Decision SupportSupport
DRCDRC State State reconstruction reconstruction from abovefrom above
Gap between Gap between coping and coping and effective effective resilienceresilience
Data scarce Data scarce environment environment
SomaliaSomalia Stateless Stateless environment,environment,
Cross-border Cross-border issuesissues
Environmental Environmental Decline; Decline;
Role of Role of markets and markets and tradetrade
Premature Premature development-development-orientation?orientation?
SudanSudan Prominence of Prominence of land-tenure land-tenure issuesissues
Conflict impact Conflict impact on labour on labour availabilityavailability
Nuba: Nuba: Principles of Principles of engagementengagement
ConclusionsConclusions
Need to better understand the factors Need to better understand the factors contributing to the resilience of agricultural contributing to the resilience of agricultural and food systems in protracted crisis and food systems in protracted crisis situations;situations;
Establish policy and planning frameworks Establish policy and planning frameworks for effective responses;for effective responses;
Devising adapted decision support Devising adapted decision support mechanisms is critical for making research mechanisms is critical for making research actionableactionable
Thank youThank you
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