food consumption patterns and nutritional status of adults in peri-urban uganda: the case of nangabo...
TRANSCRIPT
Food consumption patterns and nutritional status of adults
in peri-urban Uganda: The case of Nangabo sub-county,
Wakiso district
Authors; Nathan Isabirye*, S. Kiwanuka, J. Mutyoba
Makerere University, College of Health Science
Presentation outline• Introduction and background• Study aims and objectives• Location of study site• Methodology• Data analysis• Study findings• Study limitations• Conclusion• Recommendations• Acknowledgement
Introduction and background• Globally, NCDs contributes 61% of all deaths; 80% in LICs• Unhealthy diet a major determinant of NCDs (WHO, 2002)
• Mainly due to dietary transitions and globalization• Recent survey in Uganda (UNDS,2011) indicated 19.2%
prevalence of obesity and overweight among HHs• Limited information available on dietary practices of the
population • Enriching available information, guide nutrition interventions
Study aims and objectivesGeneral objective• To establish adults’ nutritional status, dietary intake and patterns
among adults in Nangabo S/C, Wakiso district.
Specific objectivesThis study assessed;1. Nutritional status of adults in Nangabo S/C, Wakiso district2. Average Daily Macronutrient Food intake (ADMFI) 3. Consumption patterns among adults in Nangabo S/C, Wakiso
district
Location of study site
Wakiso district as Peri-urban,
borders Kampala city
Methodology Study design: Cross sectional study
Sample size: 316 respondents
Sampling technique: • Respondents from an existing cohort by Mak-SPH• 300 respondents were enrolled in the study
Tools used:• Food Frequency Questionnaire • Standardized tools for physical measurements
• Weighing Scale & Measuring tapes
Data analysis• Software utilized; EPI-data ver 3.1 and STATA version 10
• Food intake frequencies categorized to obtain patterns
• ADMFI =∑nutrients in specified serving × frequency of intake/30
• Nutrient intakes compared using RDAs (King et al, 1993)
• Logistic regression analysis utilized to assess associations
Study findingsTable 1: Nutritional status of respondents as measured by BMI
Nutritional status(Kg/M2)
Prevalence (%)
Overall N (%) ≤24.99 186 62.0 25.00-29.99 72 24.0 ≥30.00 42 14.0 Sex-
specific
Age-specific
Male Female 18≤39 40-79 N % N % n % n %
≤24.99 117 82.5 69 43.7 127 68.0 49 51.0 25.00-29.99 20 14.0 52 32.9 45 24.0 23 23.5 ≥30.00 5 3.5 37 23.4 15 8.0 25 25.5 Total 142 100 158 100.0 187§ 100 97§ 100
Table 2: Nutritional status in comparison with demographic factors
Demographic factor BMI≥30.00 (n)
BMI≤29.99 (n)
Un adjusted OR
95%CI Adjusted OR
95%CI
Sex Male 25 117 1.0 1.0 Female 89 69 6.0 3.5-10.2 4.6 1.8-11.3*** Age 18-39 60 127 1.0 1.0 40-79 48 49 2.1 1.3-3.4 2.2 1.1-4.6* HH size 1-3 26 69 1.0 1.0 4-7 58 93 1.6 0.9-2.8 1.0 0.5-2.3 <8 30 23 3.4 1.7-7.0 2.3 1.0-8.0 Respondents status HH head 34 100 1.0 1.0 Spouse of HH head 70 37 5.6 3.2-9.7 2.6 0.9-6.7 Other 9 48 0.55 0.2-1.2 0.4 0.1-1.2 Main work status Employed 16 28 1.0 1.0 Self employed 59 82 1.3 0.6-2.5 0.9 0.3-2.3 Not employed 34 54 1.1 0.5-2.3 0.6 0.2-1.5 Education level Primary 46 70 1.0 1.0 Secondary 45 68 1.0 0.5-1.7 0.8 0.3-1.8 Tertiary 18 37 0.7 0.4-1.5 0.3 0.0-1.6
Table 3: Respondents ADMFI over a one month period dietary recall
Parameter Sex specific Macronutrients intake
Male (n=142)
Female (n=158) Carbohydrates
(Kcal) Proteins
(g) Fat(g)
Carbohydrates (Kcal)
Proteins (g)
Fat(g)
Total sum of nutrient intake
17,471,630 507,989 348,797 15,836,124 415,632 354,807
ADMFI 4,101.32 119.24 81.87 3,340.95 87.69 74.8 RDA 2,944 57 57 2140 48 48 Extra intake 1157 45 24 1200 40 27 Proportion of Extra intake (extra intake/RDA)
0.3 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.6
Table 4: Food consumption patterns of respondents over a month period
Food category Consumption pattern Daily(1-6+ times
per day 1-5 times per week 1-3 times per
month seasonally
Grains, potatoes & related foods
Posho, Plantains Pillau, Irish potato, sweet potato, cassava
Fruits Beans alone/soup, tomatoes, cooked onions
Orange, apples, water melon
Mangoes, papaya, jackfruit
Legumes, vegetable & nuts
g.nut stew, beans mixed,
Meats, fish, & eggs Beef, Dried fish, eggs
Mutton, offal, chicken,
Dairy foods Tea without milk Powdered milk, yoghurt
Beverages Soda Beer, Wine, alcoholic beverages
Other foods Margarine, animal fat
Study limitation
Recall for 1 month difficult • Minimized by listing all foods
Results represent peri-urban, not generalizable
Conclusion Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 24.0% and
14.0% respectively• More prevalent in women (32.9%, 23.4%) and in older age
group
Females had a higher extra intake than males for all macro-nutrients (0.6vs0.3, 0.8vs0.7, 0.6vs0.4)
Staples and legumes were foods consumed daily. • Considerable consumption of fats and oils were observed. • Seasonally consumed foods were fruits and vegetables.
Recommendations Create awareness of the increasing rate of obesity
• Need to better understand obesity and related illness• Initiate interventions based on our local settings
Need for promotion of health habits and dietary practices
• Promote physical activity especially among females
Government should engage in food security support • Food preservation• Backyard gardening – targeting peri-urban settings
Acknowledgement
MaK-SPHNCD-Working group
Suzanne Kiwanuka
Joan Mutyoba
David Guwatudde
(FETP)Field Epidemiology Training program
Thank you!