food, agriculture, rural life, fisheries in facts 2015

Food, agriculture, rural life, fisheries in facts2015

The publication provides factual information about Estonian food industry, agriculture, rural life and fisheries. Factual data mainly reflect the situation in 2014. Comparison with earlier years has been based on the period since 2008.

Databases of Statistics Estonia, Ministry of Rural Affairs, Agricultural Registers and Information Board (ARIB), Agricultural Board and other authorities have been used as data sources. Comparison of European Union member states is based on Eurostat statistics.

The publication was compiled in October 2015.

Compiled by Merike Koov Photos: T. Koha, M. Koov, K. Mäe, K. Nurm, K. Press, K. VolmerDesigned by Hele Hanson-PenuPrinted by AS PajoPublished by the Ministry of Rural Affairs of the Republic of Estonia

ISSN 2346–5638 (print)ISSN 2346–5646 (online)

Tallinn 2015

Dear reader!

In this reference book we have assembled statistical data on Estonian food production, agriculture and fisheries – the figures regarded as most important to characterise the areas of activity of the Ministry of Rural Affairs. These figures mostly characterize the situation that had developed in Estonian food production by the year 2015.

We have tried to present the data in a concrete, comprehensive, precise and well visualised manner. The tables and graphs provide an overview of the trends of the last few years. The analysis and interpretation of the presented factual material will be entrusted to the readers.

Some comparison of the member states of the European Union is also included: the size of utilized agricultural area per capita and production of main agricultural products (such as cereals, milk and meat) per capita is graphically illustrated.

We hope that the reference book will provide necessary information and reason for reflection on developments in Estonian food industry, international food trade, agriculture, rural life and fisheries.

Ministry of Rural Affairs

3

General data on Estonia

Location: Northern Europe. Estonia shares a common boundary with the Republic of Latvia and the Russian Federation, and a maritime boundary with the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden.

Area: 45 339 km². Estonia has 1521 Baltic Sea islands, of which Saaremaa (2671 km2), Hiiumaa (989 km2) and Muhu (198 km2) are the biggest. There are about 1150 lakes in Estonia, of which Peipsi (3555 km2 with the part belonging to Russia) and Võrtsjärv (271 km2) are the largest. Bogs make up about a quarter and forests roughly one half of Estonia’s mainland.

Size of population: 1 313 271 (as of January 1, 2015); 37% of Estonia’s population lives in rural areas.

Population density: 30 residents per km2 (based on Estonian main land area).

Climate: Estonia lies in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate. As Estonia is warmed by maritime air, it has a considerably milder climate than the areas of continental climate located at the same latitude. The average temperature in 2014 was +7.0 °C (normal +5.6 °C), in January –6.4 °C and in July +19.6 °C. Annual precipitation: 591 mm (2014; normal 646 mm).

Total usable agricultural area: 974 820 hectares (2014); covers 21.5% of the territory of the state.

Arable crops growing area: 625 500 hectares (2015; initial data).

Share of agriculture, forest management and fishing in employment: 3.9% (2014).

GDP of all areas of activity in current prices: 19 525.3 million euros (2014). GDP per capita in current prices: 15 186 euros (2014).

Share of agriculture, forest management and fishing in GDP: 3.4% (2014).

Sources: Statistics Estonia, Estonian Weather Service

Contents

General data on Estonia 5

Foreign trade .................................................................. 8

Food industry ............................................................... 15

Agriculture and rural life ................................................ 21

Rural enterprise and employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Agricultural economic indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Crop farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Livestock farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Organic farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Agricultural and rural supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Fisheries 42

Production of main agricultural products 46in the member states of the European Union

General data on Estonia

5

Structure of Estonian land use in 2014

Relative importance of agriculture, forest management and fisheries and the food sector in the creation of value added in 2008–2014 (%)

Source: Estonian Land Board, Land Cadastre Source: Ministry of Rural Affairs

Source: Statistics Estonia

51% Forest land

31% Agricultural land

17% Other land

Agriculture, forest management and fishing

Food production, production of beverages and tobacco products

MilkCerealsBeefPigmeatSheep and goat meatPotatoesEggsPoultrymeatVegetablesFruit and berries

2008

2008

2009

2009

2010

2010

2011

2011

2012

2012

2013 2014

20142013

0%

0%

20%

40%

1%

0.5%

1.5%

60%

2%

2.5%

80%

3%

3.5%

100%

4%

120%

4.5%

180%

200%

160%

140%

Self-sufficiency level in Estonia in 2008–2014 (%)

2.7 2.7

2.52

3.2

2.1

3.9

2

3.54

22.1

3.4

2.1

General data on EstoniaGeneral data on Estonia

76

Note: CN Chapter 1 – live animals; Chapter 2 – meat and edible meat offal; Chapter 3 – fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates; Chapter 4 – dairy produce; birds’ eggs; natural honey; edible products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included; Chapter 5 – products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included; Chapter 6 – live trees and other plants; bulbs, roots and the like; cut flowers and ornamental foliage; Chapter 7 – edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers; Chapter 8 – edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons; Chapter 9 – coffee, tea, maté and spices; Chapter 10 – cereals; Chapter 11 – products of the milling industry; malt; starches; inulin; wheat gluten; Chapter 12 – oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit; industrial or medicinal plants; straw and fodder; Chapter 13 – lac; gums, resins and other vegetable saps and extracts; Chapter 14 – vegetable plaiting materials; vegetable products not elsewhere specified or included; Chapter 15 – animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animal or vegetable waxes; Chapter 16 – preparations of meat, of fish or of crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates; Chapter 17 – sugars and sugar confectionery; Chapter 18 – cocoa and cocoa preparations; Chapter 19 – preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; pastrycooks’ products; Chapter 20 – preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants; Chapter 21 – miscellaneous edible preparations; Chapter 22 – beverages, spirits and vinegar; Chapter 23 – residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal fodder; Chapter 24 – tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes.


Foreign trade in agricultural and food products (Combined Nomenclature, Chapters 1–24) in 2008–2014 (million euros)

Structure of export of agricultural and food products (CN Chapters 1–24) in 2014

Import

Export

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

200

400

600

800

1000

1600

1400

1200

Foreign trade

17% Beverages and alcohol

17% Dairy produce

13% Fish

8% Miscellaneous edible preparations

7% Cereals

6% Preparations of cereals, flour

6% Preparations of meat and fish

4% Meat and edible meat offal

4% Animal or vegetable fats and oils

3% Live animals

2% Oil seeds and fruits

13% Other


1130

777

9391023

660

1264

833

1376

1008

1507 1478

11901248 1221

Major partner countries in agricultural and food products export (CN Chapters 1–24) in 2014

18% Finland

16% Latvia

16% Russia

14% Lithuania

6% Sweden

5% Germany

3% Netherlands

3% Denmark

2% Poland

2% Saudi Arabia

15% Other countries


Foreign tradeForeign trade

98

Structure of import of agricultural and food products (CN Chapters 1–24) in 2014

Major partner countries in agricultural and food products import (CN Chapters 1–24) in 2014

22% Beverages and alcohol

9% Fish

8% Miscellaneous edible preparations

6% Meat and edible meat offal

6% Edible fruit, berries

6% Prepared animal fodder

5% Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk

5% Dairy produce

4% Preparations of vegetables, fruit

4% Coffee, tea, maté and spices

4% Cocoa and cocoa preparations

3% Vegetables

18% Other

15% Latvia

13% Lithuania

11% Finland

8% Poland

8% Germany

8% Netherlands

7% Great Britain

5% Sweden

4% Denmark

4% France

17% Other countries



Food industry export (million euros) and its share in processing industry export (%) in 2008–2014


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140 0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

100

200

300

500

400

600

mill

ion

euro

s

Food industry export, million euros

Share in processing industry export, %

8.2

325.

9

286.

2

349.

6

381.

3

411

470

527

9.9

8.2

6.67.4

8.1

6.8


11

Milk and milk products export volume (thousand tons) and monetary value (million euros) in 2008–2014

Structure of milk and milk products export (% of total monetary value) in 2014


Source: Statistics Estonia Source: Statistics Estonia

55% Milk and cream

29% Cheese and curds

6% Buttermilk, curdled milk and cream, yoghurt, kephir

5% Whey and other products from milk components

5% Butter or other butterfats, dairy spreads

Fish and fish products export volume (thousand tons) and monetary value (million euros) in 2008–2014


0 100 200 300

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014Net weight, thousand tons

Value, million euros

271.4

282.2192.8

224.4

160.3157.2

138.5140.7

62.991.9

111127

158.2

197.6

Structure of milk and milk products export (% of total volume) in 2014

82% Milk and cream

8% Whey and other products from milk components

6% Cheese and curds

3% Buttermilk, curdled milk and cream, yoghurt, kephir

1% Butter or other butterfats, dairy spreads

0 50 100 200150 250

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Net weight, thousand tons

Value, million euros

112.2

182104.5

192.2

121.6190.5

119.2153.6

131.2136.3

120.598.1

123.699.8


1312

Structure of fish and fish products export (% of total volume) in 2014

Total production of food industry in current prices (million euros) and its share in processing industry (%) in 2008–2014


Structure of fish and fish products export (% of total monetary value) in 2014


Note: * initial data of 2014. Source: Statistics Estonia

Food industry

Food industry

64% Frozen fish, except fish fillet

20% Fish products and preserves, caviar and caviar substitutes

6% Fish fillet and other fish meat (incl. minced fish meat)

4% Crustaceans, live and processed

3% Dried, salted or brined fish, smoked fish

2% Fish, fresh or chilled, except fish fillets

1% Other fish products

37% Frozen fish, except fish fillet

20% Fish fillet and other fish meat (incl. minced fish meat)

14% Fish products and preserves, caviar and caviar substitutes

14% Dried, salted or brined fish, smoked fish

8% Crustaceans, live and processed

4% Preparations of crustaceans

3% Other fish products

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*0 0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

200

400

600

800

1000

1400

1600

1200mill

ion

euro

s

Total production, million euros

Share in processing industry, %

16.7

1257

1093

1115

1251

1302

1454

1488

20

15.8

13.8 13.9 14.715.9

Cost structure of food and beverage industry in 2008–2014 (million euros)


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600 Other productsPrepared animal fodderFruit and vegetablesBakery and pasta productsFish and fish productsBeveragesMeat and meat productsMilk products

311.

623

6.5

202.

2

257.

521

7.2

180

296.

421

1.6

158.

9

331.

422

3.4

167.

4

320.

5

342.

6

339.

2

227.

3

231.

5

263.

2180.

9

189.

3

202.

9

Foreign trade

1514

Production of milk products in 2008–2014 (thousand tons)

Note: * initial data of 2014; ** butter and other yellow fat dairy products (in 82% butter equivalent). Source: Statistics Estonia

Production of milk products in 2008–2014 (thousand tons)


Food industry

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*

Drinking milk 81.9 88.7 93.9 89.3 85.6 87.6 90.7

Cheese and curds 35.7 37.1 38.4 40.6 42.6 43.8 40.5

Fermented milk 35.5 37.5 42.3 41.9 39.1 38.8 37.3

Cream 26.9 27.9 32.6 27.5 26.9 31.7 26.7

Butter** 7 7.7 6 6.5 4 3.5 4.5

Whey powder 0 0 4.1 0 0 0 5.5

Total 187.0 198.9 217.3 205.8 198.2 205.4 205.2

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*0

250

200

150

100

50

Butter

Cream

Fermented milk

Cheese and curds

Drinking milk

Structure of meat production (% of slaughter weight) by meat categories in 2014

60% Pigmeat

24% Poultrymeat

15% Beef

1% Sheep, goat, rabbit and nutria meat


Food industry

Production of meat products in 2008–2014 (thousand tons)

Note: * initial data of 2014; ** data not available. Source: Statistics Estonia

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*

Total production of meat (slaughter weight) 74.6 76 75.4 80.6 78.4 79.8 80.7

Meat production 45 44.9 45.5 43.1 ** ** **

Sausage products 33.6 35.5 36.7 36.5 34.5 33.5 31.9

Thermally untreated natural prepared meat products

32.9 33 32.9 34.5 29.5 31.6 **

Thermally treated meat products 9.6 6.7 7.6 8.4 8.1 8.9 **

Smoked meat products, dried and salted meat products

9 9.6 9.9 10.3 9.6 9.9 **

Dumplings ** 5.6 3.5 5.9 3.8 3.5 **

Patê 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 **

Meat preserves ** 1 0.9 0.8 1 0.9 **

1716

Production of cereal products in 2008–2013 (thousand tons)


Note: * initial data of 2014; ** data not available. Source: Statistics Estonia

Production of cereal products in 2007–2013 (thousand tons)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*

Compound fodder 229.5 201.3 204.5 216.2 198.8 161.9 **

Flour 73.5 74.4 78.7 81.2 89.4 88.4 92

Bakery products 77.3 74.1 75.5 77 77.7 79.2 80.8

Flour confectionery 8.7 7.1 8.4 9.5 8.1 8.7 **

Products of milling industry 2.8 3.2 7.5 2.5 2.5 3 2.4

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

Compound fodder

Flour

Bakery products

Flour confectionery

Products of milling industry

Production of fish processing industry in 2008–2013 (thousand tons)


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Fish products (except preserves), incl. 60 73.3 62.1 56.8 72.4 67.2

fresh and chilled fish meat, fillet, minced fish meat

3.3 4.1 3.7 2.5 2.6 3.2

frozen fish 30.3 34.6 35.5 32.8 44 40.4

smoked fish 3.8 3.2 1.4 1.9 2.3 2.3

salted, spiced and dried fish, deep-frozen and breaded fish

20.8 25.1 19.8 16.5 17.3 14.4

culinary fish products in oil, marinated, dressed

1.5 1.7 1,5 1.3 4.7 4.3

Fish preserves 7.1 3.7 5.1 3.8 3.7 3.3

Production of fish processing industry in 2008–2013 (thousand tons)


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

Smoked fish Fresh and chilled fish meat, fillet, minced fish meatFish preservesCulinary fish products in oil, marinated, dressed Salted, spiced and dried fish, deep-frozen and breaded fishFrozen fish

Food industry Food industry

19

Organic products processing volumes in 2008–2014 (tons)

Source: Organic Farming Register

Processing volumes of main organic products in 2008–2014 (tons)


2008 2009 2010 2011 201420132012

800

900

1000

700

600

500

400

300

200100

0

Cereal and legume products

Meat, meat products

Fruit and vegetable, potato, berry and mushroom products

Oils

Fish products

Milk products

Food group 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Milk products 245.9 220.6 145 151.8 149.4 156.5 203.3

Meat, meat products 23.3 53.3 177 102.7 171.5 168.0 554.8

Cereal and legume products 279.5 660.8 370 617 702.4 678.6 919.4

Bakery and pasta products 62 70.4 96 114.3 112.1 144.2 155.8

Herbal teas, herbs, spices 3.5 4.4 3.2 5.4 3.1 3.7 4.0

Fruit and vegetable, potato, berry and mushroom products

58.6 135.9 162.1 269 225 313.9 486.8

Oils 2.3 6.9 8 72.7 341.7

Fish products 11.3 30.9 156.1 260.2

Beverages (thousand litres) 182.5 106.1 281.4

Other products (hemp flour, coffee, yeast, soy products, honey with added ingredients, prepared foods)

0.3 6.0 42.0 45.3 63.4

Number of enterprises included in statistical profile and the relative importance of rural enterprises (%) in 2008–2014

Agriculture and rural lifeRural enterprise and employment

Note: Rural enterprises are enterprises that are active in rural areas. Rural area comprises rural municipalities (excl. municipalities around the capital city Tallinn), cities without municipal status and small cities with a population of up to 4000 inhabitants.Sources: Statistics Estonia, Ministry of Rural Affairs

Agriculture and rural life

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

100 000

120 000 40%

35%30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

Enterprises in EstoniaRural enterprises

Share of rural enterprises, %

2727 29 28 28 28 28

77 9

4821

279

81 9

0921

931

100

216

28 6

50

103

833

29 3

11

108

884

30 2

20

112

760

113

765

31 6

21

32 1

35

Food industry

2120

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Labour force, thousand 205.4 200.8 201.8 208.6 200.6 200.3 202.6

employed, thousand 193.9 175.7 171.2 185.2 182.7 186.9 189.6

unemployed, thousand 11.5 25.1 30.6 23.4 17.9 13.4 13

Aged 15–74 (total), thousand 325.0 326.0 325.3 324.0 315.7 313.2 311.1

Labour force participation rate, % 63.2 61.6 62.0 64.4 63.5 64.0 65.1

Employment rate, % 59.7 53.9 52.6 57.2 57.9 59.7 60.9

Unemployment rate, % 5.6 12.5 15.2 11.2 8.9 6.7 6.4

Employment in rural settlements in 2008–2014

Notes: Rural settlements – small towns and villages.Employed is a person who during the reference period worked and was paid as a wage earner, entrepreneur or a free-lancer; worked without direct payment in a family enterprise or on his / her own farm; was temporarily absent from work. Employment rate is the share of the employed in the working-age (aged 15–74) population. Labour force participation rate (activity rate) – the share of labour force in the working-age population.Unemployment rate is the share of unemployed persons in labour force.Source: Statistics Estonia

Employment and unemployment in rural settlements in 2008–2014 (%)



20092008 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

160165170175

180185

190

195

200

thou

sand

155 0%

10%

20%

40%

30%

50%

60%

70%

Employed, thousand Employment rate, %

Unemployment rate, %

60

613 15

11 9 7 6

54 5357 58 60 61

185

183 18

7

190

171

176

194

Notes: Primary sector – agriculture, hunting, forest management, fisheries.Secondary sector – mining industry, processing industry, electric power, gas and water supply, construction.Tertiary sector – trade, service, etc.Source: Statistics Estonia

Structure of employment by sectors of the economy in rural settlements in 2008–2014 (thousand employed)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%70%

80%

90%

100%

Tertiary sector

Secondary sector

Primary sector

107

6621

103

5418

9953

19

105

5822

104

5821

107

111

58 59

21 20


2322

Share of agriculture in value added and employment in 2008–2014

Structure of the value of agricultural production in 2008–2014 (%)

Agricultural economic indicators



2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Value added in agriculture, forest management and fishing in current prices (million euros)

405 300 413 567 627 584 599

share in value added (%) 2.8 2.4 3.3 4 4.1 3.5 3.4

Employed in agriculture, forest management and fishing (thousand)

25.5 24 23.9 26.6 27.6 26.5 24.1

share in employment (%) 3.9 4 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.3 3.9

Employed in agriculture and hunting (thousand)

17.3 17.4 17.2 19.3 19.3 17.7 16.2

share in employment (%) 2.6 2.9 3 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.6

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140%

10%20%

30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100% Other agricultural productionPoultryFruit and vegetablesPotatoBovine animals Oil seedFodder cropsPigsCerealsMilk

3115

1310

7

2616

1410

8

2918

117

9

2917

129

9

25 30 31

26 18 22

11 11 11

10 9 9

10 8 8

Agricultural holdings and their agricultural land use by different size groups of agricultural land in 2010 and 2013 (%)

Structure of agricultural land in 2013 by size of agricultural holding (thousand hectares)



2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

< 10 ha 10 – < 100 ha 100 – < 500 ha 500 – < 1000 ha

Holdings, %

≥ 1000 ha

2013 2013 2013 2013 20130%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Agricultural land, %

38

7 8

1 1 1 1

37

54 53

5 5

22 22

31 32

18 17

24 25

5%

22%

32%

17%

24%

< 10 ha

10 – < 100 ha

100 – < 500 ha

500 – < 1000 ha

≥ 1000 ha

Agriculture and rural life Agriculture and rural life

2524

Crop farming

Agricultural land use in 2008–2014 (hectares)

Notes: Usable agricultural area includes the land used in agricultural production and maintained in good agricultural and environmental condition. The figure of total usable agricultural land for 2013 also includes Christmas tree plantations.Arable land includes the growing area of crops grown in fruit and vegetable gardens (kitchen gardens).Fruit and berry garden area includes the growing area of fruit trees and berries grown in fruit and vegetable gardens (kitchen gardens) and nurseries, the growing area of strawberry has been included in arable land.Since 2003, permanent grassland over five years old, established on cultivated area, has been included in natural grassland.Source: Statistics Estonia

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total usable agricultural area

914 729 906 458 931 776 948 826 945 992 955 916 965 907

Arable land 599 349 597 791 596 413 645 067 632 399 620 483 632 100

Fruit and berry gardens 8 285 7 941 8 108 7 057 6 995 6 808 6 266

Natural (permanent) grassland

215 704 196 549 195 381 187 262 162 812 191 529 218 605

Land not used in agricultural production, maintained in good agricultural and environmental condition

91 391 104 177 131 874 109 440 143 786 137 096 108 421

Structure of agricultural land use in 2008–2014 (thousand hectares)

Structure of arable crops growing area in 2015


Note: initial data. Source: Statistics Estonia

56% Cereals

26% Fodder crops

12% Industrial crops

5% Legumes

1% Potato

0.5% Open ground vegetables

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 201420130

200

400

600

800

1000

1200 Fruit and berry gardensLand not used in agricultural production, maintained in good agricultural and environmental conditionNatural (permanent) grasslandArable land


2726

Structure of cereals growing area in 2015

Note: initial data. Source: Statistics Estonia


Growing area of main cereals in 2008–2015 (thousand hectares)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015*2014

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

48% Wheat

38% Barley

7% Oats

4% Rye

1% Mixed cereals

2% Other

Wheat

Barley

Oats

Rye

Production of main crop products in 2012–2014

Crop

2012

2013

2014

grow

ing

area

harv

est

(thou

sand

to

ns)

yiel

d(k

g/ha

)

grow

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area

(thou

sand

he

ctar

es)

harv

est

(thou

sand

to

ns)

yiel

d(k

g/ha

)

grow

ing

area

(thou

sand

he

ctar

es)

harv

est

(thou

sand

to

ns)

yiel

d(k

g/ha

)

Tota

l cer

eals

, in

cl.

290.

599

1.2

3 41

231

1.0

975.

53

136

332.

912

21.6

3 66

9

rye

16.9

57.1

3 38

111

.521

.91

906

15.4

49.6

3 21

1

wint

er

whea

t63

.529

6.2

4 66

244

.913

7.8

3 07

381

347.

84

295

sprin

g wh

eat

60.8

188.

53

102

79.3

269.

03

392

73.4

267.

73

648

oats

31.7

78.4

2 47

134

.885

.32

453

27.3

652

384

barle

y10

9.0

341.

23

131

133.

044

0.9

3 31

412

5.8

458.

13

641

Legu

mes

11.0

12.9

1 17

913

.631

.42

315

19.1

39.5

2 07

0

Rape

87.2

157.

81

811

86.1

174.

02

021

8016

6.2

2 07

8

Pota

to7.

613

8.9

18 2

176.

612

7.7

19 2

456.

411

7.3

18 4

72

Open

gro

und

vege

tabl

es2.

953

.818

389

2.8

67.4

23 9

512.

955

.519

188

Fodd

er c

rops

168.

926

01.3

15 5

0116

8.9

2246

.213

483

166.

122

02.9

13 2

62

Tota

l ara

ble

crop

s56

8.8

590.

2

60

8.4



2928



Yield of main cereals in 2008–2014 (kg/ha)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

2000

1500

1000

500

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000 Winter wheat

Spring wheat

Spring barley

Winter barley

Rye

Oats

Production of crop products per capita in 2008–2014 (kg)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

100200300

400500600

1000

800

900

700 Cereals

Potato

Vegetables

Production of animal products in 2008–2014

Number of animals as of 31 December in 2008–2014 (thousand)

Livestock farming

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Meat (live weight), thousand tons 111.3 113.2 111.7 118.5 115.5 117.1 118.5

Meat (slaughter weight), thousand tons

74.6 76 75.4 80.6 78.4 79.8 80.7

Milk, thousand tons 694.2 671 676 693 721.2 772 805.2

Eggs, million pcs 146.5 173.3 181.9 183.8 179.5 189.9 199.4

Wool, tons 151.1 134 154.2 125.7 138 166.8 134.3

Honey, tons 501 575 681.5 693.8 957 978.7 1154.8



2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

50

100

150

200

250

350

300

400

Pigs

Bovine animals

Dairy cows

Sheep and goats


3130

Main milk production indicators in 2008–2014


Purchase of milk in 2008–2014

Note: cow’s milk purchased from Estonian agricultural producers. Source: Statistics Estonia

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

100200300

400500600700800900 9000

010002000

300040005000

600070008000

Milk production, thousand tons

Number of dairy cows, thousand

Average milk production per cow, kg

thou

sand

cows

, tho

usan

d to

ns

kg p

er co

w

6781

694

100 67

197

671

97

693

96

721

97

772

98

805

96

6838 7021 7168 7526 7990 8233

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Milk in natural weight, thousand tons, incl.

605.9 612.3 621.1 642.3 649.1 688.8 730

milk of elite grade, thousand tons

318.6 326.3 379.9 387.8 407.3 454.8 542.1

milk of high grade, thousand tons

265.3 275.2 227.2 245.6 228 221.6 181.9

milk of the first grade, thousand tons

19.6 8.8 12 6.8 11.9 10.9 4.9

Fat content, % 4 4.1 4.1 4 4 4 4

Protein content, % 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4

Average price per ton, euros 296.42 210.08 277.13 322.73 299.97 338.11 327.98

Quality indicators of purchased milk in 2008–2014

Note: cow’s milk purchased from Estonian agricultural producers. Source: Statistics Estonia

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 201420130

200

100

300

400

600

500

700

800

Milk of the first grade, thousand tonsMilk of high grade, thousand tonsMilk of elite grade, thousand tons

Division of dairy cow owners by size groups in 2008–2014

Source: ARIB Register of Farm Animals

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

90%

80%

100%

300 or more cows

100–299 cows

50–99 cows

10–49 cows

3–9 cows

1–2 cows

6716

11

6517

11

6317

12

6018

13

58 56 55

19 19 18

13 14 14


3332

Source: ARIB Register of Farm Animals

Division of the total number of dairy cows by size groups in 2008–2014

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

90%

80%

100%

1–2 cows

3–9 cows

10–49 cows

50–99 cows

100–299 cows

300 or more cows

24 24 21 22 21 20 21

49 50 54 55 58 61 61

Live weight of slaughter animals and poultry in 2008–2014 (thousand tons)

Note: animals and poultry sold for slaughter and slaughtered in holdings (incl. slaughtering service).Source: Statistics Estonia

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Sheep and goat meat

Bovine animals

Poultrymeat

Pigs

0

20

40

60

100

80

120

140

64.3

18.2

27

64.1

20.5

26.8

63.7

24.4

22.1

69.9

2324

.2

67.9

68.8

67.7

23.2

21.7

26.8

22.8 25

22.5

Meat production in 2008–2014 (slaughter weight, thousand tons)


Sheep and goat meat

Beef

Poultrymeat

Pigmeat

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

10

30

20

40

50

60

70

80

90


Egg production in agricultural holdings in 2008–2014

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

200

250

mill

ion

pcs

pcs

per h

en

295

280

300

270

260

250

240

230

150

100

50

0

Egg production, million pcs

Average egg production per hen, pcs

146.

5

173.

3

181.

9

183.

8

179.

5

189.

9

199.

4

290

281 283288

279

291288


3534

Production of animal products per capita in 2008–2014

Milk, kg

Eggs, pcs

Meat, kg

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

600

700

500

400

300

200

100


Area of organic land, incl. land in conversion (thousand hectares), and the number of organic producers (holdings) in 2008–2014


Organic farming

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

160

180

1600

1800

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Organic land, thousand hectares

Number of organic producers

thou

sand

ha

num

ber o

f pro

duce

rs

87.3

102.

8

121.

8

134.

1

144.

1

153.

4

158.

1

1245 12781356

1431 1478 1553 1542

Use of organic land, incl. land in conversion, in 2014


55% Permanent and natural grasslands

19% Grasslands (up to 5 years)

18% Cereals

3% Industrial crops

2% Legumes

1% Fruit and berry gardens

2% Other

Number of organic animals, incl. animals in conversion, in 2011–2014


2011 2012 2013 2014

Bovine animals, incl. 28 701 31 431 35 582 37 491

dairy cows 3 255 2 937 2 609 2 138

beef animals’ suckler cows 7 734 9 532 10 882 12 217

Sheep 46 496 48 314 47 566 50 545

Goats 940 1 108 1 245 1 431

Horses 1 987 2 068 2 136 2 121

Pigs 1 327 1 139 890 1 475

Poultry, incl. 12 864 30 648 28 582 42 107

laying hens 7 759 9 051 16 820 16 476

Rabbits 1 208 436 1 524 2 180

Bees (number of colonies) 632 864 1 510 1 737


3736

Agricultural and rural supports

Supports for agricultural producers, processors and for the development of rural life in 2008–2015 (million euros)

Notes: 2008–2014 paid as of December 31 of the corresponding year; * planned to the budget of 2015.Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (CAP) Pillar 1 includes direct support and market organisation measures.CAP Pillar 2 includes supports for development of Estonian agriculture and rural life according to the Rural Development Plan.State support includes substitute support, agricultural insurance support, training support, market development support etc. Tax concessions – the excise tax exemption is meant for agricultural producers using diesel fuel marked with fiscal marker in the machinery used in the agricultural production process. The amount of the excise tax exemption for agriculture is based on expert valuation and is calculated taking into account the utilized agricultural area and the difference between the normal excise tax rate and the reduced rate. The tax concessions of 2015 are initially planned the same as of 2014.Source: Ministry of Rural Affairs

State supports

Tax concessions

CAP Pillar 2

CAP Pillar 1

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

102.

53.

9

93.1

3.4

111.

93.

7

120.

53.

1

138.

23.

6

137.

2

112.

4

141.

7

4.4

4.2

4.1

104.

624

.9

112.

926

.3

125.

624

.5

152.

124

.8

166.

922

.4

130

23.5

145.

2

124.

9

24.9

24.9

Direct payments and complementary direct payments / transitional national aid in 2008–2015 (million euros)

Note: * planned to the budget of 2015.Source: Ministry of Rural Affairs

EU budget

Estonian budget

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2014 2015*20130

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

49.9

51

28.7

61

34.5

72

35.8

81

28.7

91

30.7

110

114

101

Execution of the Estonian Rural Development Plan 2007–2013 funds as of September 30, 2015

Notes: Axis 1 – improving the competitiveness of the agricultural and forestry sectors;Axis 2 – improving the environment and the countryside;Axis 3 – quality of life in rural areas and diversification of the rural economy;Axis 4 – LEADER;Axis 5 – technical assistance.Source: Ministry of Rural Affairs

Axis 1 Axis 2 Axis 3 Axis 4 Axis 50

50

100

150200250300

350400

0%

20%

40%

80%

60%

100%m

illion

eur

os

Commitment, million euros

Paid, million euros

Execution rate (%) by payments

380.

434

3.7

347.

434

2.1

139.

511

5.2

92.7

84.7

47.8

38

97.4 100 98.9 99.7 99.8


3938

PriorityPublic sector

Total public sector, euros

EAFRD co- financing rate, %

EAFRD total amount, euros

Priority 2: Enhancing the viability / competitiveness of farms and all types of agriculture in all regions, and promoting innovative farm technologies and sustainable forest management.

283 524 000 82.3 233 284 000

Priority 3: Promoting food chain organisation (including processing and marketing of agricultural products), animal welfare and risk management in agriculture

105 025 000 87.7 92 073 950

Priority 4: Restoring, preserving and enhancing ecosystems related to agriculture and forestry

365 563 000 78.5 287 001 500

Priority 5: Promoting resource efficiency and supporting the shift toward a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy in the agriculture, food and forestry sectors

23 780 000 86.2 20 489 000

Priority 6: Promoting social inclusion, poverty reduction and economic development in rural areas

176 000 000 92.3 162 410 000

Technical assistance 38 913 513 72.2 28 083 108

Total 992 805 513 82.9 823 341 558

Financial plan of the Estonian Rural Development Plan 2014–2020 by priorities

Note: EAFRD – European Agricultural Fund for Rural DevelopmentSource: Ministry of Rural Affairs

Source: Ministry of Rural Affairs

Execution of the Estonian Rural Development Plan 2014–2020 funds as of September 30, 2015

Priority 2 Priority 3 Priority 4 Priority 5 Priority 6 Technical assistance

05

101520253035

0%

2%

4%

8%

10%

6%

Commitment, million euros

Paid, million euros

Execution rate (%) by payments

27.7

4.5

0.3

4.7

29.3

28.6

28.7

7.7 3.69.7

4.3

7.8

4.4

9.1

0 0

MeasurePublic sector

Total public sector, euros

EAFRD co- financing rate, %

EAFRD total amount, euros

M01 – Knowledge transfer and information actions 12 000 000 89.0% 10 680 000

M02 – Advisory services, farm management and farm relief services 8 600 000 85.9% 7 385 000

M03 – Quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs 1 000 000 84.0% 840 000

M04 – Investments in physical assets 289 500 000 84.5% 244 755 000

M06 – Farm and business development 122 124 000 85.4% 104 249 000

M08 – Investments in forest area development and improvement of the viability of forests

10 000 000 86.5% 8 650 000

M09 – Setting-up of producer groups and organisations 6 000 000 89.0% 5 340 000

M10 – Agri-environment-climate 244 927 000 79.4% 194 378 500

M11 – Organic farming 77 700 000 76.4% 59 400 000

M12 – Natura 2000 and Water Framework Directive payments 32 666 000 75.0% 24 499 500

M14 – Animal welfare 40 675 000 92.0% 37 438 450

M16 – Co-operation 18 700 000 89.0% 16 643 000

M19 – Support for LEADER local development (CLLD – community-led local development)

90 000 000 90.0% 81 000 000

M20 – Technical assistance 38 913 513 72.2% 28 083 108

Total 992 805 513 82.9% 823 341 558

Financial plan of the Estonian Rural Development Plan 2014–2020 by measures

Note: EAFRD – European Agricultural Fund for Rural DevelopmentSource: Ministry of Rural Affairs


40

Commercial fishing in 2008–2014 (live weight, thousand tons)

Structure of commercial fishing (% of the total volume) in 2014

Fisheries

Sources: Ministry of Rural Affairs, Statistics Estonia


65% Deep-sea trawling

16% Ocean fishing

15% Baltic coastal fishing

4% Inland fishing

Fisheries

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

20

40

60

80

100

120

Inland fishing

Baltic coastal fishing

Deepsea trawling

Ocean fishing

14.6

10.9

12.8

14.6

12 12 10.9

70.9

2.7

69.5

2.8

68.3

2.8

532.

6

43.5

44.9

44.4

3 2.9

2.8

Baltic Sea commercial trawling by fish species (% of the total volume) in 2014

Commercial coastal fishing by fish species (% of the total volume) in 2014



64% Sprat

35% Baltic herring

1% Others

74% Baltic herring

15% Perch

2% Smelt

2% Flounder

2% Pike-perch

1% Roach

4% Others

Fisheries

4342

Commercial fishing on inland waters by fish species (% of the total volume) in 2014

Annual aquaculture sales volumes in 2008–2014 (tons)


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Rainbow trout 333.8 549.0 487.5 333.8 455.3 465.5 572.7

Carp 52.3 45.4 39.4 37.5 38.2 43.7 *

European eel 46.0 30.0 20.3 2.0 * * 127.0

Crayfish 0.7 2.0 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.2

Other fish species 50.8 26.1 49.6 17.9 86.8 223.4 168.1

Total fish 483.7 654.8 598.5 392.6 580.8 733.2 868.1

Caviar 6.7 7.4 4.5 0.1 4.1 5.0 3.1

Note: * included in the category “Other fish species”.Sources: Ministry of Rural Affairs, Statistics Estonia

30% Bream

28% Perch

23% Pike-perch

8% Roach

6% Northern pike

1% River lamprey

1% Burbot

1% Vendace

2% Others

Sales of aquaculture products in 2008–2014 (tons)

Implementation of the European Fisheries Fund 2007–2013 as of December 31, 2014 (million euros)

Note: in 2014 carp is included in the category “Other fish species”.Sources: Ministry of Rural Affairs, Statistics Estonia

Notes: Axis 1 – adjustment of Community fishing fleet;Axis 2 – aquaculture, inland fishing, processing and marketing;Axis 3 – measures of common interest;Axis 4 – sustainable development of fisheries areas;Axis 5 – technical assistance.Source: Ministry of Rural Affairs

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

200

100

300

400

500

700

600

800

900

Rainbow trout

Carp

Other fish species

Axis 1 Axis 2 Axis 3 Axis 4 Axis 50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Budget Commitment Paid

20.4

20.1

17.5

32.8

37.6

21.5

28.3

30.9

24.3

25.7

26.3

22.3

5.6

6.5

4.4

Fisheries Fisheries

45

Utilised agricultural area per capita in EU member states in 2014 (hectares)

0 0.2 0.60.4 0.8 1

Romania

Bulgaria

Hungary

Spain

Denmark

France

Finland

Poland

Greece

Portugal

Slovakia

Czech Republic

Austria

Sweden

Croatia

United Kingdom

Luxembourg

Slovenia

Germany

Cyprus

Belgium

Netherlands

Malta

Italy*

Estonia

Latvia

Ireland

Lithuania

Notes: population as of January 1, 2014; * data not available.Source: Eurostat; compiler’s calculations

Production of main agricultural products in the member states of the European Union

Production of cereals per capita in EU member states in 2014 (kilograms)

0 5000 1000 1500 2000

Romania

Latvia

France

Estonia

Slovakia

Poland

Czech Republic

Finland

Croatia

Austria

Germany

Sweden

Ireland

Spain

Greece

United Kingdom

Slovenia

Luxembourg

Italy

Belgium

Portugal

Netherlands

Cyprus

Malta

Bulgaria

Hungary

Denmark

Lithuania

Notes: production of cereals reflects harvested production (excluding losses incurred in harvesting). Cereals include: wheat, barley, maize, other cereals.Population as of January 1, 2014.Source: Eurostat; compiler’s calculations

Production of main agricultural products in EU Production of main agricultural products in EU

4746

Production of milk per capita in EU member states in 2014 (kilograms)

0 200 800400 600 12001000 1400

Estonia

Lithuania

Finland

Latvia

Germany

France

Austria

Belgium

Sweden

Poland

Slovenia

United Kingdom

Czech Republic

Cyprus

Portugal

Italy

Slovakia

Hungary

Spain

Malta

Bulgaria

Greece

Romania

Croatia*

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Denmark

Ireland

Notes: population as of January 1, 2014; * data not available.Data covers cow’s milk collected in farms by approved dairies.Source: Eurostat; compiler’s calculations

Production of meat per capita in EU member states in 2014 (kilograms)

0 35030025020015010050

Poland

Netherlands

Germany

Austria

Cyprus

Hungary

France

Portugal

Finland

Lithuania

United Kingdom

Estonia

Italy

Slovenia

Sweden

Czech Republic

Croatia

Greece

Luxembourg

Latvia

Romania

Malta

Bulgaria

Slovakia

Spain

Belgium

Ireland

Denmark

Notes: carcass weight of bovine animals, sheep and goats, pigs and poultry slaughtered in slaughterhouses and on the farm, whose meat is declared fit for human consumption.Population as of January 1, 2014.Source: Eurostat; compiler’s calculations

Production of main agricultural products in EU Production of main agricultural products in EU

4948

Estonian Agricultural Registers and Information BoardTähe 4, 51010 Tartu, Estonia+372 737 [email protected]

Veterinary and Food BoardVäike-Paala 3 11415 Tallinn, Estonia+372 605 [email protected]

Agricultural BoardTeaduse 2, Saku 75501 Harjumaa, Estonia+372 671 [email protected]

Estonian Agricultural Research CentreTeaduse 4/6, Saku 75501 Harjumaa, Estonia+372 672 [email protected]://pmk.agri.ee

Estonian Veterinary and Food LaboratoryKreutzwaldi 30 51006 Tartu, Estonia+372 738 [email protected]

Rural Economy Research CentreJäneda 73602 Lääne-Virumaa, Estonia+372 384 [email protected]

Estonian Crop Research InstituteJ. Aamisepa 1 48309 Jõgeva, Estonia+372 776 [email protected]

Estonian Museum of AgriculturePargi 4, Ülenurme vald 61714 Tartumaa, Estonia+372 738 [email protected]://epm.ee

Estonian Dairy MuseumH. Rebase 1, Imavere 72401 Järvamaa, Estonia+372 389 [email protected]://piimandusmuuseum.ee

Farm Museum of Carl Robert JakobsonKurgja küla, Vändra vald 87612 Pärnumaa, Estonia+372 445 [email protected]

Estonian Livestock Performance Recording Ltd.Kreutzwaldi 48A50094 Tartu, Estonia+372 738 [email protected]

Vireen Ltd.Ebavere küla, Väike-Maarja vald 46209 Lääne-Virumaa, Estonia+372 327 [email protected]

Rural Development FoundationOru 21, 71003 Viljandi, Estonia+372 648 [email protected]

Boards, centres, offices and museums within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Rural Affairs

50

Ministry of Rural Affairs Republic of EstoniaAddress: Lai tn 39 // Lai tn 41 15056 Tallinn, EstoniaPhone: +372 625 6101Email: [email protected]

food, agriculture, rural life, fisheries in facts 2015

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