foner give me liberty chapter 1. what does “discovery of america” mean? a new world from land...
TRANSCRIPT
African and Asian sculptures and artifacts have been found in the
Americas which pre-date Columbus. What does this
mean?
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THE FIRST AMERICANS
• global warming• early migration• agriculture• Anasazi• Aztecs• Incas• Mound Builders• Western Indians• Eastern Indians
Indian Society• Distinguishing factors
– cities, roads, irrigation systems, pyramids
• Common characteristics– lacked metal tools, gunpowder, machines, and literacy
• Political management-tribal• Religion-A single creator stands atop the spiritual hierarchy• Absence of shared identity• Land and property• Gender-women guarded tradition
– matrilineal– warfare left women without partners
• Conceptions of freedom• Desire for peaceful trade
Europe on the eve of Conquest
• Portugal
• Spain
• France
• Dutch
• English
• Russia
Development of caravel, compass, quadrant = _____?
THREE WORLDS COLLIDE:Exploration and Conquest of America
NOTE: Diverse WEST AFRICAN cultures share common features
Slavery in African PREDATES the Europeans
Exploring North America
SPAIN• Expulsion of the Jews,
Muslims• Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
– conquistadores– Florida
• St. Augustine– Southwest
• Onate• Santa Fe• Pueblo Revolt (Pope)
FRENCH
DUTCH
• Q: Who am I?• I am
responsible for giving Amerigo Vespucci credit for discovering the new world!
A: Martin Waldseemüller
The Spanish Empire in America• Spain explores region from Mexico to Florida• Vast majority of natives killed by European diseases• Small, well organized Spanish military forces overcame native empires
(conquistadores)• Columbian Exchange begins
• Justification for conquest-superiority of European culture • Religion becomes conflict between natives and explorers• Spanish establish imperial government-viceroys, lawyers• Spain’s New World economy is tied to mercantilism• Spanish establish encomienda system-forced Indian labor
Spain and Portugal Divide the Globe©
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Impact on the Indians• Columbian Exchange
– Disastrous decline in Indian population
• freedom• civilize the Indian• coexistence• conquest• Black Legend-uniquely cruel
– Las Casas
French Colonization
• Explorers– Cartier– LaSalle– Champlain– Marquette
• Trade– Metal items
(knives) for beaver pelts
• Indians-friendly• Christianity• Early French settlers
were mostly single men-Why?
Gold
Northwest passage
Dutch Colonization
• Henry Hudson-sought Northwest passage, New York harbor• New Netherland, New Amsterdam• Indians• International commerce, joint stock companies• Freedom of the press; broad religious toleration