FOLLOWING

the Traces of

LOST CIVILIZATIONS

CivilizationCivilization

a society that is well organized and developeda society that is well organized and developed a society, its culture and its way of life during a a society, its culture and its way of life during a

particular period of time or in particular part of the worldparticular period of time or in particular part of the world all the people in the world, and the societies they live all the people in the world, and the societies they live

in, considered as a wholein, considered as a whole the process in which societies become developed and the process in which societies become developed and

organizedorganized ((humorous) humorous) aa place such as a city, where there is a lot place such as a city, where there is a lot

to do or where you have things to make you feel to do or where you have things to make you feel comfortablecomfortable

Your connotationsYour connotations……

PharaohPharaoh PyramidsPyramids TemplesTemples SphinxSphinx ScarabScarab Pagan godsPagan gods Artwork and potteryArtwork and pottery Cave paintingCave painting

Match the words and their definitions

A. ScarabB. AmphoraC. TempleD. PyramidE. PharaohF. Sphinx

1. a kind of tall ceramic container used for transportation and storage of goods, depicting very often the scenes of real or mythological life

2. one of a number of large statues with the body of a lion and the head of a man built in Ancient Egypt

3. in Ancient Egypt and other cultures this insect was regarded as a sacred beetle and was used in amulets, stamp seals and medals

4. a ruler / a governor in Ancient Egypt5. a building where dead kings and queens were placed6. a place to worship gods

Historians’ and Scientists’ Points of View on the World Civilizations

Osvald Shpengler (1880—1936), a German philosopher called them “The most developed cultures”

Pitirim Sorokin (1889—1969), a Russian-American philosopher and sociologist called them “metacultures”

Arnold Joseph Toynby (1889—1975), an English historian, wrote a 12-volume work on this matter, called them

“civilizations”, the number of which in his work varied from 13 to 21

LOST CIVILIZATIONSLOST CIVILIZATIONS

Celts. DruidsCelts. Druids Ancient Greece and Ancient RomeAncient Greece and Ancient Rome Olmecs. Aztecs. Maya. IncaOlmecs. Aztecs. Maya. Inca PhoeniciansPhoenicians SarmatsSarmats ScythiansScythians VikingsVikings Asian CivilizationsAsian Civilizations

The Easter Islands

The Nile, as the cradle of Ancient Egypt ‘s civilization

Choose the right statements about the Nile

1. was a constant source of life-giving water

2. was a place where the Egyptians could put up tents and have a rest

3. developed a successful economy based on agriculture

4. seasonal rains and floodwaters covered the floodplain with a rich black soil

5. offered a lot of places to the Egyptian families to make up fire and have meals at the banks of this great river

6. was one of the natural barriers provided good protection from other peoples and hostile attacks

7. was a transportation system to trade with other countries

8. Was the source of fish and fishing industry was established on its banks

9. Was a nice place where the Egyptians took mud, because the mud from the river’s banks was the raw material for a well-established pottery industry as well as for bricks used in construction

10.Was a nice place to lie in the sun

How much do you know about the Pyramids?

1.The Pyramids were built

a) in 34 BC b) between 2575—2465BC c) in 34 AD

2. The largest pyramid is the Great Pyramid of

a) Cleopatra b) King Khafre c) King Khufu

3. It took the Egyptians ___ years to build the Great Pyramid

a) 100 b) 20 c) 120

4. How many men worked to build the Great Pyramid?

a) 100, 000 b) 1, 000, 000 c) 1, 000

5. How many blocks of stone were used to build the Great Pyramid?

a) 2, 300, 000 b) 300, 000 c) 23, 000, 000

6. Each block of stone weighed about

a) 25 tons b) 10 tons c) 2.5 tons

7. The Pyramids were buildings where

a) dead kings and queens were placed

b) kings and queens lived

c) kings and queens got married

8. The Pyramids are among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World because they are

a) huge b) geometrically perfect c) made of stone

Tutankhamen, a pharaoh of Egypt, ruled the country around

1358 BC, his tomb was discovered almost intact by Howard Carter in 1922

Lost civilizations of America

Existed in pre-Columbian period

Like any other civilizations they located along coast lines

The most important were the civilizations of

•Olmecs

•Maya

•Aztecs

•Inca

Mayan Pyramids in Mexico. Teotihuacan, the ancient capital of

Maya

Ancient Gods of Mayas, worshipped by them a

lot

Maya decorated their temples in this way

Maya were great astronomers and knew a lot about stars and planets

The site of Machu Picchu was chosen for its unique location and geological features which made the city a real fortress

What threatens our civilization we belong to?

• air pollution

• water pollution

• deforestation

• global warming

• exhaustion of natural resources

• the Volga, the Aral, the Caspian Sea—the places of ecological disaster

• ecological balance of the world is disturbed