follow up of carbonitriding process by rf gdoes · carbonitriding is a metallurgical surface...
TRANSCRIPT
GDOES
32 72.6
germaniumGe
265.118 I209.426 I164.919 II < 1
33 74.9
arsenicAs
189.042 I193.696 I159.360 I < 3
34 78.9
seleniumSe
196.026 I203.985 I206.279 I < 3
35 79.9
bromineBr
154.064 I163.340 I153.174 I < 3
36 83.8
kryptonKr
50 118.7
tinSn
189.989 II235.484 I242.949 I < 3
51 118.7
antimonySb
217.581 I206.833 I231.147 I < 3
52 127.6
telluriumTe
214.281 I170.158 I225.902 I < 3
53 126.9
iodineI
178.218 I179.847 I142.548 I < 3
54 131.3
xenonXe
8 16.0
oxygenO
9 19.0
�uorineF
156.078 I156.104 I
10 20.1
neonNe
6 12.0
carbonC
193.091 I247.856 I199.362 I < 3
7 14.0
nitrogenN
14 28.0
siliconSi
251.611 I288.412 I212.412 I < 3
15 30.9
phosphorusP
177.495 I178.284 I213.608 I < 3
16 32.0
sulfurS
180.731 I182.625 I166.660 I < 3
17 35.4
chlorineCl
137.724 I136.345 I133.573 I < 3
18 39.9
argonAr
416.416 I356.434 II317.296 I
82 207.2
leadPb
220.353 II168.215 II182.205 II < 3
83 209.0
bismuthBi
223.061 I306.772 I222.825 I < 3
84 209.0
poloniumPo
84 (210)
astatineAt
86 (222)
radonRn
Patrick Chapon, HORIBA Scientific, 16 rue du Canal, 91160 Longjumeau, France
Introduction
Carbonitriding is a metallurgical surface modification technique that is used to increase the surface hardness of a metal, thereby reducing wear. During the process, atoms of carbon and nitrogen diffuse interstitially into the metal increasing the hardness and modulus near the surface.
Calibration
GD is a comparative technique. Calibration curves are established for all elements of interest by running reference samples. Plasma cleaning can be applied during calibrations and analysis to minimize surface contaminations
Below is shown the calibration of Carbon. The Sputtering Rate mode is used allowing mixing within a single program, materials of different matrices.
A similar calibration is done for N. The following graphs show the full calibration curve (we will further comment the high point value) and a zoom on the low concentrations indicating the sensitivity of the instrument in the UV/VUV range.
AbstractRF GDOES is suitable for fast and accurate measurements of carbonitrided samples allowing to follow C and N depth profiles.
Key wordsCarbonitriding, thick layers, C & N
Follow up of carbonitridingprocess by RF GDOES
Application Note
MetallurgyGD25
Comment on N calibrationStandard bulk CRMs, usually, have low contents in N (max is 1.49% for the most used JK49). However the samples to measure will contain layers with up to 10% or more in N. Though the calibrations in GD are quite linear, using some higher points in calibration is better for accuracy. This is possible as the HJY software allows to use coated samples as well as bulk ones within a single calibration curve. Here a FeN coating on steel is used and the principle is shown below.
The entire depth profile is recorded and the zone of interest (plateau region of the FeN) is selected for N calibration.
Principle of use of a coated sample in a calibration
Example of measurement
A first example is shown here.
Depth profile of a carbonitrided sample with zoom on N
The second example below features a nitrided sample with post oxidation on the surface.
Several other results can also be found in the references below. One should finally note the recent presentation of Luc Pichon at the 7th GD day (Reims June 2014) on “Nitrogen incorporation in metallic alloys by plasma immersion surface treatments at moderate temperature”. All the presentations of the GD days are available on request.
References : 1) “Microstructure and properties of the compound layer obtained by pulsed plasma nitriding in steel gears” by E.A. Ochoa, D. Wisnivesky, T. Minea, M. Ganciu, C. Olivero, P. Chapon, F. Alvarez. Surf. Coat. Technol. (2008), doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.11.025
2) M Lovonyak “GDOES for Knowledge Based Surface Design of Tool Steels”, presentation at the 5th GD day
3) G. Mancuso “Heat Treatment Process Control with GD-OES”, presentation at the 5th GD day.
4) “Study of the effects of E x B fields as mechanism to carbon-nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation on stainless steel samples” E.J.D.M. Pillaca M. Ueda R.M. Oliveira L. Pichon, Applied Surface Science, doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.04.003
[email protected] www.horiba.com/scientificUSA: +1 732 494 8660 France: +33 (0)1 69 74 72 00 Germany: +49 (0)89 4623 17-0UK: +44 (0)20 8204 8142 Italy: +39 2 5760 3050 Japan: +81 (0)3 6206 4721China: +86 (0)21 6289 6060 Brazil: +55 (0)11 2923 5400 Other: +33 (0)1 69 74 72 00 Th
is d
ocum
ent
is n
ot c
ontr
actu
ally
bin
din
g un
der
any
circ
umst
ance
s -
Prin
ted
in F
ranc
e -
©H
OR
IBA
Job
in Y
von
10/2
014