folklore in activated sludge treatment plant operations eric j. wahlberg rocky mountain water...
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Folklore in Activated Sludge Treatment Plant OperationsFolklore in Activated Sludge Treatment Plant Operations
Eric J. WahlbergEric J. Wahlberg
Rocky Mountain Water Environment AssociationRocky Mountain Water Environment Association6565thth Annual Meeting Annual MeetingSeptember 17, 2002September 17, 2002
Rocky Mountain Water Environment AssociationRocky Mountain Water Environment Association6565thth Annual Meeting Annual MeetingSeptember 17, 2002September 17, 2002
Folklore Defined
“An unsupported notion, story, or saying that is widely circulated.”
Folklore Defined
Myth 1
Myth 2
Myth 3
Myth 4
Myth 5
Learning Objectives
What’s In It For You?
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MODIFIED FST No. 13
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UNMODIFIED FST No. 23
Folklore DefinedWhere Did I Get This Title?I Stole It.
Richard I. Dick (1976). “Folklore in the design of final settling tanks,” Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, 48, pp. 633-644.
Myth 1
Blankets are necessary for secondary clarifiers to work properly.
How Often Has It Been Said
Activated sludge secondary clarifiers perform two functions:
1. Clarification of the overflow
2. Thickening of the underflow
How Often Has It Been Said
Activated sludge secondary clarifiers perform two functions:
1. Clarification of the overflow
2. Thickening of the underflow
Yuk!
Thickening Role is Root Cause of Many Problems
Operators try to achieve unachievable RAS concentrations
Denitrification
Phosphorus release
Deterioration in sludge quality
Just Say No
Thickeningin secondary
clarifiers
RAS Concentration a Fixed Multiple of MLSS
XRAS = XML
Q + QRAS
QRAS
Secondary Clarifier as a Reactor?
Reaction My Answer The Reason Why
COD removal? No Needs O2 and mixing
Secondary Clarifier as a Reactor?
Reaction My Answer The Reason Why
COD removal No Needs O2 and mixing
Nitrification? No Needs O2 and mixing
Secondary Clarifier as a Reactor?
Reaction My Answer The Reason Why
COD removal No Needs O2 and mixing
Nitrification No Needs O2 and mixing
Denitrification? No Causes floating sludge
Secondary Clarifier as a Reactor?
Reaction My Answer The Reason Why
COD removal No Needs O2 and mixing
Nitrification No Needs O2 and mixing
Denitrification No Causes floating sludge
P uptake? No Needs O2
Secondary Clarifier as a Reactor?
Reaction My Answer The Reason Why
COD removal No Needs O2 and mixing
Nitrification No Needs O2 and mixing
Denitrification No Causes floating sludge
P uptake No Needs O2
P release? No Increases effluent P
Secondary Clarifier as a Reactor?
Reaction My Answer The Reason Why
COD removal No Needs O2 and mixing
Nitrification No Needs O2 and mixing
Denitrification No Causes floating sludge
P uptake No Needs O2
P release No Increases effluent P
Filtration? No Can’t control flow
Secondary Clarifier as a Reactor?
Reaction My Answer The Reason Why
COD removal No Needs O2 and mixing
Nitrification No Needs O2 and mixing
Denitrification No Causes floating sludge
P uptake No Needs O2
P release No Increases effluent P
Filtration No Can’t control flow
Compression/Thickening?
No Not predictableUncouples tie to reactor
Truth 1
Blankets are not necessary for secondary clarifiers to work properly, and better performance will result when no blankets are kept in secondary clarifiers.
Myth 2
The hydraulic detention time in the aeration basin is decreased by increasing the RAS flow rate.
Proper Response to an Over-loaded Clarifier: Increase RAS
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Solids Concentration (g/L)
So
lids
Flu
x (
lb/f
t2 d)
Increase RAS flow
The Basic Activated Sludge Process
Influent
RAS
WAS
Mixed liquorEffluent
Aeration basin
Secondary clarifier
Control Volume Shows Two Flows Into The Aeration Basin
Control Volume
This Is How The Myth Got Started
HRT = VAB/(Q + QRAS)
This Is How The Myth Got Started
HRT = VAB/(Q + QRAS)
But this is not correct. Why?
Control Volume Shows Two Flows Into The Aeration Basin
Control Volume
Shrinking the Clarifier the RAS Flow Is Completely Internal
Control Volume
The Basic Activated Sludge Process
Influent
RAS
WAS
Mixed liquorEffluent
Aeration basin
Secondary clarifier
Tanks Are Full; No Influent, Effluent, WAS
RAS
Mixed liquor
Aeration basin
Secondary clarifier
Truth 2
The hydraulic detention time in the aeration basin is not affected by the RAS flow rate.
As Glen Daigger stated Sunday: “Bugs only know SRT; they do not know HRT”.
Myth 3
The MLSS concentration can be controlled by the RAS flow rate.
“No” Blankets In Under And Critically Loaded Clarifiers
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Solids Concentration (g/L)
So
lids
Flu
x (
lb/f
t2 d)
Blankets Form In Over Loaded Clarifiers
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Solids Concentration (g/L)
So
lids
Flu
x (
lb/f
t2 d)
Decrease RAS flow
System Response: Blanket Comes Up, MLSS Goes Down
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Solids Concentration (g/L)
So
lids
Flu
x (
lb/f
t2 d)
Over Loaded To Under Loaded, MLSS Goes Up
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Solids Concentration (g/L)
Sol
ids
Flu
x (
lb/ft
2d)
Truth 3
The MLSS concentration can be controlled by the RAS flow rate, but you don’t want to because it’s limited and it requires blankets in the clarifiers (see Truth 1).
Myth 4
Process control means keeping the MLSS concentration or the F:M ratio or the SRT constant.
What Are We Trying to Accomplish?
In Essence Our Jobs Are Very Simple
Settles well
Compacts well
Flocculates well
As David Jenkins almost said on Sunday, we want a sludge that:
You Cannot Control What You Do Not Measure
Process control should be based on maintaining stable, optimal sludge quality.
Truth 4
Process control means maintaining stable, optimal sludge quality (that meets permit).
Myth 5
The MLSS concentration, the F:M ratio, and the SRT can be controlled simultaneously .
Engineers’ Design Data Keep This Myth Going
Parameter Process goal/target
MLSS 4,500 mg/L
MLVSS 3,375 mg/L
SRT 22 days
Equation For MLSS Concentration
XML = {XINF-ISS + [Yg( )]}1 + bSRTHRTSo – SSRT
Truth 5
Fix the SRT to achieve permit compliance and let the MLSS and F:M “drift” to wherever they want to.
Myth 1
Myth 2
Myth 3
Myth 4
Myth 5
Thank you!