folio design · 2020. 11. 6. · pr oce s s . t h i s e i gh t s t e p d e s i gn pr oce s s i s...

Think Draw Design

Name:

DESIGNFOLIOThe Bottle Rocket Challenge

v 8/10/20

The Engineering Design Process

This folio was produced by Design Nuts, Newcastle Australia, copyright 2020 and was commissionedby the NSW Department of Education through its STEM Industry School Partnerships (SISP) program.

Copyright 2020 Design Nuts Pty. Ltd. and NSW Department of Education. Not for commercial use. page 2

The iSTEM Process has been developed by theCessnock Academy of STEM Excellence whichis part of the STEM Industry School Partnershipsprogram. It is a series of steps to guidestudents through the engineering designprocess. This eight step design process is foruse in secondary schools, which is an extensionto the primary school versions, developed for

Stages 1, 2 and 3, which are available at theiTeachSTEM website.Instructional videosand materials that support this folio are alsoavailable at the website. Visitwww.iteachstem.com.au for resources, orsee the embedded links (pages 3, 8).This design folio is free for use in schools.

Stable flight(flies straight)

Video 1explains the

key areas

Test yourknowledge!

1.

After investigating a problem, you often find there's more things tokeep in mind than you thought. Below we have defined some keyareas of rocket engineering for you. Now it's your turn, can you think what makes 'stable flight'? Pencilin your ideas in the bubbles. Next try 'Low mass' or 'Aerodynamics'.

Operationalrequirements

(during use)

Low mass(weight)

Aerodynamics(slips through

the air)

Rocket

A clear statement describing the problem or challenge to be solved.


https://vimeo.com/sisp/review/464983163/2a5f4caff1https://vimeo.com/sisp/review/464983163/2a5f4caff1https://vimeo.com/sisp/review/464983163/2a5f4caff1

13. Brainstorm ideas

2.

weeksa. Time

project tasks week numbers

1 543

1

2 6 7 8

Define & Identify1.

3. Brainstorm ideas

4. Design a rocket

5. Build a prototype

6. Evaluate/test

7. Iterate to improve

8. Communicate plans

9 10

project tasks1 5432 6 7 8

Define & Identify1.

4. Design a solution

5. Build a prototype

6. Evaluate/test

7. Iterate to improve

8. Communicate plans

9

A constraint is a limitation that must be satisfied by a design, e.g. project costs.

FinsRocket body Nose cone

List the materials that you haveaccess to. Consider the:

Some projects may also include alaunch pad or a recovery systeme.g. parachute

Try scheduling your own

project in the empty gantt

chart (right) . Your teacher will

specify a project completion

date. You may also be given a

date for 'deliverables'. It could

be that you report on your

progress at agreed'milestones'.

A Gantt chart is commonly used byindustry as a tool in projectplanning. In the project shown (left), 'Iterate' and 'Communicate' arescheduled for the same week. Discuss: Why might that be?

b. Materials

10


Any challenge orcompetition will haverules and guidelinesto follow. Checkthem out carefully.

d. Tools and Equipment

c. Criteria

Now is a good time to check thetools, workspaces, and machinery you

will have access to.

Did the NASA Space Shuttle usesolid fuel or liquid propellent or

both?

Criteria are theattributes of adesign that canbe actuallymeasured.List some'criterion' foryour project e.gheight, distanceor proximity to atarget.


Top safety tips

'Annotate yoursketches' means usearrows and labels tohelp explain ideas.

'A person with goodideas is simply a person

with lots of ideas!'

3.

Activity: Draw 4 bottle rockets and include each rocket part (below). Research may be needed.

example of a

thumbnail sketch

Activity: Practice being creative. Can you drawa 'thumbnail sketch' of five different fin shapesonto the rockets below?

Extension: Think of a reason for each finshape, keeping in mind the key areas from the'Define' section.

Stable flight - fins Thumbnails are small, quick sketches. Theyare 'thoughts on paper' with no time forneatness. Label the important parts. Explore enough options and potentialsolutions to create a good design. Build'mockups' if it helps. A mockup is a rough butfast model/prototype to try-out an idea.

Two-stage rocket. Engine gimbal Canards Retro-rockets

List or sketch lots of ideas to encourage creative thinking.

Discuss: What is the verticalspeed of a rocketat it's 'appogee' ?


_____________ _____________

mediumdifficulty

Activity: Design a fin outline onto the bottles below: The surface area must be 5000 mm sq. (approx.).The fin must fit the shape of the bottles.Fin must not touch the circles (i.e the launcher).TIP: fins work better the lower they are.

Activity: Can you find the surface area for each fin shape?

_____________ _____________

crazydifficult!


triangle quadrant rhombus trapezium

drawn toscale 1:1i.e. full size

Extension:Show how to calculate thevolume of a plastic bottle.

Video 2demonstrates

thisexperiment

Experiment. Rocket Science!!

Aim:To understand how the distance between the Centre ofMass (CM) and the Centre of Pressure (CP) affects thestability of a rocket during flight.

Method: Construct and test a model rocket. To make the rocket,attach a nosecone at one end of a cardboard roll and paperfins at the other (measurements shown). Tie a 1m length ofstring around the rocket body, and swing the rocket in a flatcircle above your head. Observe if the rocket tumbles or not.

Test 1:Mark the CM & CP positions on the rocket, test rocket forstability in flight and record results in 'Test 1' below.Test 2:Add a small amount of nose ballast. Mark the new CM, thenretest the flight stability. Add results under 'Test 2''Test 3:Now remove the nose ballast but slide the fins furthertoward the bottom. Find new CP and re-test.Test 4:Make fins that are double the size. Find CP then retest.

Conclusion:Write a conclusion in your own words (remember the aim ofthe experiment).

Follow the plans below to construct (athome) a simple rocket. Label your work.Check your name is clearly visible.

Demonstrate your understanding of Centre ofPressure (CP) and Centre of Mass (CM) bycompleting the following practical activity.

Stable flight - Centre of Pressure & Centre of Mass

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Safety tip: Check that nobodyis near when testing.

Test 2

Distance between

the CM and CP

_________ mm

stable/unstable

flight

Test 3Distance betweenthe CM and CP _________ mmstable/unstable

flight

Test 1Distance betweenthe CM and CP _________ mmstable/unstable

flight

Test 4

Distance betwe

en

the CM and CP

_________ mm

stable/unstabl

e

flight

Cut-out the two finsto the measurementsgiven and slot themtogether.


assemblestring

https://vimeo.com/sisp/review/466037372/5d49efa5a3https://vimeo.com/sisp/review/466037372/5d49efa5a3

We need your best engineeringto avoid injury from a rocketthat turns corners!

Activity: After viewing the first video resource, write an explanation for the

statement below.

Stable flight -

Spin stabilisation

'Spin stabilisation counteractsasymmetry in the thrust and

aerodynamics in achieving stableflight'.

Imagine a rocket being launched at an angle, asshown below. At lift-off, the rocket's air-speed islow and it needs some kind of guide. Somelaunchers use a tube inside the bottle as aguide. The launcher pictured below uses rods.

Activity: Brainstorm two ideas to guide arocket during a side-ways lift-off, other thanthe sticks example shown below.

Stable flight -

Launch pad guides


You're doing great! It's time topull it all together into a designdrawing.

These are not your finaldrawings, so it's OK if they are alittle rough in places. They aremainly for planning how to buildyour prototype. They show thedesign decisions made, given themany competing factors.

Competing factors is when twoelements that you would like tosee on your design competeagainst each other. For example,larger fins add stability to arocket but make it harder to keepthe overall weight low. In thiscase a trade off must be struck.Engineers and designers dealwith lots of competing factors. Itis what will make your design anoriginal!

Activity:Draw a front view and a top viewto a half-scale. The screw threadis drawn at half-scale. You mayprefer to attach your drawings,depending on the complexity ofyour design.

4.

TOP VIEW

SIDE VIEW

Design drawings show the shape, material and size of all physical components.


Annotate your

design using notes

with arrows. Explain

the highlights of

your design.

Identify thematerials in yourdesign.

Visit Splat3d onYouTube to seebottle rocketsdrawn using a

template.

Activity:Try sketchingan pictorial view of yourdesign. Isometric viewsare one type of 'pictorial'or 3D type drawing.

ISOMETRIC VIEW

Search YouTube - 'splat3d rocket'


Unlike a static model, a prototype is for testingwhether the design will work as expected. Usuallynew insights are gained once the engineers get toexperiment with a physical product in their hands.

Prototypes may be shown to potential customers togain support. For example, prototypes of new cardesigns are displayed at motor shows to measurepeople's response and sometimes to gain pre-production orders.

Paste a photo of your

design here if possible

Activity: Research and describe twoprocesses for 'rapid prototyping'.

Activity: Check the recycle number onyour bottle (see recycle arrows). Researchwhich plastic (polymer) it is made from.

A prototype is where you construct a working example of your design.

Activity: Describe the bottle's properties.

1

2

5.


6.

You will need to launch your rocketfrom a rocket launcher to evaluateits performance.

PMI is a quick method for evaluating ideas.Write down all the positive points of your design,then all the negative. Note anything interesting,e.g. questions that need to be answered toimprove on the design.

Prototypes are tested and evaluated against constraints and criteria.

Test results

Plus

Based on your criteria e.g distance/height/accuracy.

Minus

Interesting

Record the results of your testing here


Consider all the things that your design does well and write them down.

Consider where your design did not perform as well as expected.

Observations that are neither plus or minus, although worth noting.

Often with school projects, we don't get time tomake an improved version/iteration. If you areworking from home, you may have more time. Let'sat least design a second iteration !

Apply the lessons that you learnt during testing andevaluation. Suggest one possible improvement ineach of the four boxes below.

Tip: Try to be very specific and explain withsketches and notes: Work like an engineer!

Areas for improvement include; change of shape,size, materials, nosecone ballast, joining methods,durability (crash landings), aerodynamics,stability, build accuracy, aesthetics, weight saving,water-proofing, ease of maintenance/repair,branding (e.g. SpaceX brand).

7.

1

43

2

An iteration is the next or improved version of a design.


8.

Students learn to work collaboratively inpreparation for work in industry. Whenworking in a team, complex projects relyon people's ability to create drawings thataccurately communicate technicalinformation.

Activity:Produce an orthogonal drawing (a frontand top view) as well as a 'close up' viewof any parts that are too small to seeclearly on the other views.

Include dimensions (measurements) onyour plans. Dimension lines are very thinlines, so that they do not distract from theactual drawing.

If possible, draw your plans full size (scale 1:1).

You will need to join three sheets of A4paper together to draw the rocket at fullsize (see below). Rule a margin. Add yourname in a title block. Use a ruler andsharpened pencil and make these thedrawings neat and tidy.

Placing the top view above the front view isthe correct way of arranging your views ona drawing.

These sheets can be folded on the joins tofit inside an A4 display folder.

Records of the design are kept, usually as a digital (CAD) file. This informationallows other team members to update or modify the design in the future.

I started working asa technician, before

studying to be anAerospaceEngineer.

https://www.newcastle.edu.au/study/engineering


Plans

folio design · 2020. 11. 6. · pr oce s s . t h i s e i gh t s t e p d e s i gn pr oce s s i s...

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