folds, descriptive goals: 1) to understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify...
Post on 21-Dec-2015
225 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Folds, descriptive
Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape.
![Page 2: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
1. The basics: Synforms and
antiforms
2. Geometric elements of folds
3. Classification schemes
![Page 3: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Synforms and Antiforms
• Monocline
• Synform — Includes synclines and synformal anticlines
• Antiform — Includes anticlines and anticlinal synclines
![Page 4: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Geometric elements of folds-I
• Fold profile plane
• Fold hinge
• Hinge zone
• Fold limb
![Page 5: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Geometric elements of folds-II
• Inflection point
• Axial plane• Axial trace
![Page 6: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Simple and complex fold elements
![Page 7: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Wavelength and amplitude
![Page 8: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Classification: Orientation of
hinge/axial surface
![Page 9: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Classify Me
![Page 11: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Classify Me
![Page 12: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Classify Me
![Page 14: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Classification: Interlimb angle
• Gentle 180–170°
• Open 170–90°
• Tight 90–10°
• Isoclinal 10–0°
![Page 15: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Classify Me
![Page 16: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Classify Me
![Page 17: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Classify Me
![Page 18: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Classification based on shape
• Cylindrical folds
• Chevron or kink folds
• Cuspate folds
• Symmetrical vs. Asymmetrical folds
![Page 19: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Classify Me
![Page 20: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Classify Me
![Page 21: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Symmetrical ??
![Page 22: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fold Vergence
![Page 23: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Vergence ??
![Page 24: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Classification: Layer thickness
• Parallel or concentric folds
• Similar folds
![Page 25: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Classify Me
![Page 26: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Classify Me
![Page 27: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Classify Me
![Page 28: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Dip-isogon classification
• Class-1A
• Class-1B (parallel)
• Class-1C
• Class-2 (similar)
• Class-3
![Page 29: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Parasitic folds
![Page 30: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
What happens in non-similar folds?
![Page 31: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Disharmonic Folds
![Page 32: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Disharmonic Folds
![Page 33: Folds, descriptive Goals: 1) To understand the basic geometric elements of folds and 2) to classify folds based on their shape](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020102/56649d615503460f94a427d3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Map symbols used for folds
• Anticlines and synclines
• Overturned anticlines and synclines
• Plunging folds