Content Content • Aim of Map Reading, Aim of Map Reading, • Definition of a Map,Definition of a Map,• Care of Maps,Care of Maps,• Marginal Information, andMarginal Information, and• Conventional Sign.Conventional Sign.

The Aims of Map Reading are to The Aims of Map Reading are to Enable a Soldier to:Enable a Soldier to:

• NavigateNavigate and recognise features on and recognise features on the map and ground,the map and ground,

• Picture Picture the Ground even though it the Ground even though it hasn’t been seen, andhasn’t been seen, and

• UnderstandUnderstand and Pass Information and Pass Information quickly.quickly.

• Graphic Representationraphic Representation of Part or Whole of Part or Whole of of Earth’s SurfaceEarth’s Surface, ,

• On a On a PlainPlain Surface, Surface,• To To ScaleScale, , • Showing Showing NaturalNatural and/or and/or Artificial Artificial

Features, andFeatures, and• Co-ordinate Reference SystemCo-ordinate Reference System (Grid). (Grid).

• What Are The Aims of Map Reading?What Are The Aims of Map Reading?– Navigate,Navigate,– Picture, andPicture, and– Understand/Pass InformationUnderstand/Pass Information

• What is a Map?What is a Map?– Graphic Representation of Earth’s Surface,Graphic Representation of Earth’s Surface,– Usually on a plain surface,Usually on a plain surface,– To Scale,To Scale,– Natural/Artificial Features, andNatural/Artificial Features, and– Grid System.Grid System.

Map Deterioration:Map Deterioration:• Dirt and Grime,Dirt and Grime,• Liquids,Liquids,• Unnecessary Folding/Opening, Unnecessary Folding/Opening,

andand• Ink Pens/Markers, Sharp Ink Pens/Markers, Sharp

Objects.Objects.

Map Protection:Map Protection:• From ExposureFrom Exposure

– Clear Contact,Clear Contact,– Map Case,Map Case,– Plastic Bag,Plastic Bag,– Map Board.Map Board.

Map Protection:Map Protection:• From WearFrom Wear

– Correct Folding,Correct Folding,– Use Pencil Lightly - No Pens ,Use Pencil Lightly - No Pens ,– Avoid Sharp Objects,Avoid Sharp Objects,– The Map should be left folded.The Map should be left folded.

Fold In Half Top To BottomFold In Half Top To Bottom

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FULL LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE VALUES ARE SHOWEN AT THE CHEET CONERS, WITH MINUTES TICKS INSIDE THE NEATLINE, EVERY FIFTH TICK IS LABELLED

BLACK NUMBERED GRID LINES ARE 100 METER INTERVALS OF THE UNIVERSAL TRANSVERSE MERCATOR GRID, ZONE 55 WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 19984 ELLIPSOID

BLUE GRID TRICKS ACROSS THE NEATLINE ARE 1000 METRE INTERVALS OF THE UNIVERSAL TRANSERSE MERCATOR GRID, ZONE 55 (AUSTRALIAN MAP GRID) AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL SPHEROID.

THEIR VALUES ARE THE NERAREST BLAVK GRID VALUE

Then Fold In Quarters Left To RightThen Fold In Quarters Left To Right

What Causes Map Deterioration?What Causes Map Deterioration?• Dirt and Grime,Dirt and Grime,• Liquids,Liquids,• Unnecessary Folding/Opening, Unnecessary Folding/Opening,

andand• Ink Pens/Markers, Sharp Ink Pens/Markers, Sharp

Objects.Objects.

How Can You Protect Your Map?How Can You Protect Your Map?• Contact, Contact, • Map Case, Map Case, • Plastic Bag, Plastic Bag, • Map Board,Map Board,• Use Pencils - Not Pens,Use Pencils - Not Pens,• Avoid Sharp Objects, andAvoid Sharp Objects, and• Correct Folding.Correct Folding.

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What is it ???

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What is it ???

It Is the Information LocatedAround the Edges of the MapWhich is Necessary for theCorrect Use of the Map.

Such As..

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Such As..

The Title

Legend

Contour Interval

Scale

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TOP RIGHT

Map Series No.Sheet No.Edition No.

SERIES R851SHEET KAPOOKA SPECIALEDITION 2 - AAS

REFER TO THIS MAP AS:

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Map Title

KAPOOKA SPECIALNEW SOUTH WALES

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Map Scale

TOP LEFT

AUSTRALIAN 1 : 25 000TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY

Map Type

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Compilation Field VerificationDate,

PRODUCTION: Royal Australian Survey Corps under the direction of the Chief of the General Stafff.PRINTING: Royal Australian Survey Corps 1992.DISTRUBTION: To the Australian Defence Force by the Royal Australian Survey Corps.CONTROL: Horizonal: GPS Class B control, base lined from existing 1st and 2nd Order Stations. Vertical: GPS control heights from existing 1st and 2nd Order Levelling.AIR PHOTOGRAPHIY: Super Wide Angle flown 1991.COMPILATION: By digital photogrammetric methods in 1991.ACCURACY: Horizontal: 90% of well defined detail within + 25m of true position. Vertical: 90% of elevations within + 5m except in area of dense vegetation where thiss may not be achieved.

GRID ZONE DESIGNATION:

55H100 000 METRE

SQUARE IDENTIFICATION

EB

IGNORE the SMALLER figures ofany grid number; these are for

finding the full co-ordinates. UseONLY the LARGER figures of the

grid numbers; example:

522000

UNIVERSAL GRIG REFERENCEBEFORE GIVING A GRID REFERENCE, CIVILIAN USERS

DHOULD STATE THE NUMBER AND NAME OF THIS MAP:LOST SPECIAL

1 Read letters identifying 100 000 metre square in which the point lies:2 Locate first VERTICAL grid lines to LEFT of point and read LARGE figures labelling the line eather in the top or bottom margin, or on the line itself:3 Estimate tenths from grid line to point:4 Locate first HORIZONTAL grid line BELOW point and read LARGE figures labelling the line in eather the left or right margin, or on the line itself:5 Estimate tenths from grid line to point:SAMPLE REFERENCE:If reporting beyond 18 in any direction,prefix with Grid Zone Designation, eg: 55HEB246107

TO GIVE A STANDARD REFERENCE ONTHIS SHEET TO NEAREST 100 METRES

SAMPLE POINT: NSW6045 374

EB

24 B

10 7

EB246107

AUSPECC1O3LOST SPECIALEDITION 2 - AAS

TRUE NORTH, GRID NORTH AND MAGNETIC NORTHARE SHOWEN DIAGRAMMATICALLY FOR THE CENTRE

OF THIS MAP. MAGNETIC NORTH IS CORRECT FOR1992 AND MOVES EASTERLY BY 2 MILS (0.1) IN

ABOUT THREE YEARS.

BEARING CONVERSIONGRID BEARING TO MAGNETIC BEARING SUBTRACT:

MAGNETIC BEARING TO GRID BEARING ADD:

GN

TNMN

GRID-MAGNETICANGLE

210 MILS (11.8 )

GRIDCONVERGENCE3 MILS (0.2 )

1992 .... 210 MILS1993 .... 210 MILS1994 .... 211 MILS1995 .... 212 MILS1996 .... 212 MILS1997 .... 213 MILS1998 .... 214 MILS1999 .... 214 MILS2000 .... 215 MILS2001 .... 216 MILS

2002 .... 216 MILS2003 .... 217 MILS2004 .... 218 MILS2005 .... 218 MILS2006 .... 219 MILS2007 .... 220 MILS2008 .... 221 MILS2009 .... 221 MILS2010 .... 222 MILS2011 .... 223 MILS

BOTTOM LEFT

North Point DiagramUniversal Grid Ref and

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Contour Interval,

BOTTOM CENTRE

Water Course Guide andLegend,

Scale,Climatic Graphs.

PRODUCTION: Royal Australian Survey Corps under the direction of the Chief of the General Staf ffDISTRUBTION: To the Australian Defence Force by the Royal Australian Survey Corps.CONTROL: Horizonal: GPS Class B control, base lined from existing 1st and 2nd Order Stations. Vertical: GPS control heights from existing 1st and 2nd Order Levelling.AIR PHOTOGRAPHIY: Super Wide Angle flown 1991.COMPILATION: By digital photogrammetric methods in 1991.ACCURACY: Horizontal: 90% of well defined detail within + 25m of true position. Vertical: 90% of elevations within + 5m except in area of dense vegetation where thiss may not be achieved.

PRODUCTION: Royal Australian Survey Corps under the direction of the Chief of the General StafffDISTRUBTION: To the Australian Defence Force by the Royal Australian Survey Corps.CONTROL: Horizonal: GPS Class B control, base lined from existing 1st and 2nd Order Stations. Vertical: GPS control heights from existing 1st and 2nd Order Levelling.AIR PHOTOGRAPHIY: Super Wide Angle flown 1991.COMPILATION: By digital photogrammetric methods in 1991.ACCURACY: Horizontal: 90% of well defined detail within + 25m of true position. Vertical: 90% of elevations within + 5m except in area of dense vegetation where thiss may not be achieved.

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BOTTOM RIGHTBOTTOM RIGHT

Map Title

KAPOOKA SPECIAL

WAGGA WAGGA8327-I-N

LAKE ALBERT8327-I-N

BIG SPRINGS8327-I-N

THE ROCK8327-I-N

URANQUINTY8327-I-N

COLLINGULLIE8327-I-N

INDEX TO ADJOINING MAPS

KAPOOKA SPECIALNEW SOUTH WALES

STOCK NO. AUSPECO103

Index To Adjoining Maps

QUESTIONS?Name Four Pieces of Marginal Information?

• Title• Edition and Series Number• Nth Point Diagram• Legend• Scale• Watercourse Guide

Definition:Definition:• Coloured Symbols which are used to Coloured Symbols which are used to

represent both natural and Artificial represent both natural and Artificial Features on a Map.Features on a Map.

ColoursColours

OrangeOrange // BrownBrown

Landforms (Contours and Sand)Landforms (Contours and Sand)

ColoursColours

BlueBlue

Water (Rivers and Lakes)Water (Rivers and Lakes)

ColoursColours

GreenGreen

Vegetation (Orchards and Forests)Vegetation (Orchards and Forests)

ColoursColours

RedRed

Roads and Built-up AreasRoads and Built-up Areas

ColoursColours

BlackBlack

Artificial Features (Railways and Artificial Features (Railways and Buildings)Buildings)

ColoursColours

PurplePurple

Overprints (Tactical and Overprints (Tactical and Aeronautical Information)Aeronautical Information)

Reading Conventional SignReading Conventional SignUnsealed Road Unsealed Road

Another ExampleAnother ExampleRoad Bridge Road Bridge

QUESTIONS?What Are Conventional Signs?• Coloured Symbols that Represent

features on a Map.Give Three of the Colours and Examples.• Red - Built-up Areas & Roads• Blue - Watercourses• Green - Vegetation

QUESTIONS?What Are Conventional Signs?• Coloured Symbols that Represent

features on a Map.Give Three of the colours and Examples.• Black - Train Tracks & Buildings

• Orange/Brown - Sand & Contours

• Purple - Tactical and Aeronautical

What Is a Map?What Is a Map?• Graphic Representationraphic Representation of Part or Whole of Part or Whole

of of Earth’s SurfaceEarth’s Surface, , • On a On a PlainPlain Surface, Surface,• To To ScaleScale, , • Showing Showing NaturalNatural and/or and/or ArtificialArtificial

Features, andFeatures, and• Co-ordinate Reference SystemCo-ordinate Reference System (Grid). (Grid).

Three Ways Maps Deteriorate?Three Ways Maps Deteriorate?• Dirt and Grime,Dirt and Grime,• Liquids,Liquids,• Unnecessary Folding/Opening, Unnecessary Folding/Opening,

andand• Ink Pens/Markers, Sharp Ink Pens/Markers, Sharp

Objects.Objects.

How do you How do you Protect a Map?Protect a Map?– Clear Contact,Clear Contact,– Map Case,Map Case,– Plastic Bag,Plastic Bag,– Map Board.Map Board.

– Correct Folding,Correct Folding,

– Use Pencil Lightly Use Pencil Lightly (No Pens),(No Pens),

– Avoid Sharp Avoid Sharp Objects,Objects,

– The Map should be The Map should be left folded.left folded.

Give Three Examples of Marginal Give Three Examples of Marginal Information?Information?

• Title• Edition and Series Number• Nth Point Diagram• Legend• Scale• Watercourse Guide

What Are Conventional Signs?What Are Conventional Signs?• Coloured Symbols that Represent

features on a Map.

• Aim of Map Reading, Aim of Map Reading, • Definition of a Map,Definition of a Map,• Care of Maps,Care of Maps,• Marginal Information, andMarginal Information, and• Conventional Sign.Conventional Sign.

• On This Subject - On This Subject - Map 2 Next Wed Map 2 Next Wed

• On The Syllabus -On The Syllabus -

Dinner / BP21 Dinner / BP21