•

FOCUS6• Project data is stored in

relational database• Import project data from

other projects• Concurrent work on the

same project• Tracking of all design

changes• Parameterized design

support• Parameter variation for

sensitivity studies• Automated job handling• User-defined analysis

scenarios• Automatic turbine optimi-

zation features• Multi-processor and multi-

core processor support• Parallel and grid

computing• 3rd-party or in-house

developed software can be integrated in the standard FOCUS user interface

• Scripting features using Python

FOCUS6

FOCUS6 is an integrated software suite to design wind turbines and compo-nents, like rotor blades. For more than a decade, FOCUS is being used by the international wind turbine industry to design, validate and optimize wind tur-bines.

FOCUS6 provides a consistent user interface that integrates a number of wind turbine design tools and automatically manages the data and calculations. Us-ers can spend more time on doing their design and need not worry about data management.This results in a shorter turnaround time for the design process and less errors.

FOCUS6 organizes design data into design projects. Design projects are stored in a central database. Multiple designer-engineers can work on the same project at the same time. All changes to project / data are tracked.

Main Features

• Interactive 3D structural blade and support structure modeling• Parametric models and optimization• Structural and aeroelastic analyses of onshore and offshore wind turbines• Load set calculation according to international standards (IEC [2,3], GL

[2003,2010], DNV). Results are accepted for certification• Fatigue and strength analysis based on stress/strain time series• Report generation including fatigue equivalent load report, extremes report

and markov matrix. • Project-based data management using central database• Multi-user environment and tracking of all design changes• User-friendly interface that seamlessly integrates tools, including in-house

software from end-users• Graphical analysis of results• Multi-processor and multi-core processor support• Proven track record; used worldwide by main players in industry

FOCUS6

FOCUS6The Integrated Wind Turbine Design Suite

• Structural blade design• Interactive 3D blade

modeler• Blade model including

detailed lay-up• Isotropic, orthotropic and

core materials• User-defined fatigue for-

mulations• Geometric model using

cross-section shapes• Modeling of pre-bended

and aft-swept blades• Automated FE meshing • FEM export• Import load time series

from external programs• Parametric blade design• Stress/strain-based ex-

treme and fatigue analyses• Panel- and cross-section-

based buckling analysis• Coupled and uncoupled

eigenmodes and eigenfre-quencies

• 3D visualisation of results (strains, stresses, reserve factors, etc.)

• 2D plotting of structural data and analysis results

• Export data to ASCII files • Calculation of mass distri-

bution per material• Static reserve factors per

material• Deflection calculation• Rainflow counting and

markov matrix export for load time series and stresses or strains

• Equivalent fatigue load calculation

Structural Blade Design

FOCUS6 includes the unique 3D Structural Blade Modeler, that allows users to interactively model rotor blades in detail. While defining the blade step-by-step, the interactive 3D visualization gives direct feedback of the design changes.

A blade definition is made by putting profiles in 3D space, defining lines and materials and finally specifying between which lines and profiles the section of material needs to be placed. Material properties include layer thicknesses and SN-line formulation, with material-specific constants like UTS, UCS and extended material properties e.g. for Puck analysis. This makes it possible to model and use actual material properties in your calculations.The final blade model is the input for turbine simulation. Blade data can be viewed and exported both graphically and numerically. This includes export as a thick shell element mesh, with full layup data, for analysis with FOCUS FEM, Nastran, Abaqus and Ansys and export to CAD/CAE using STEP or IGES.

Structural Analyses

After automatically or manually creating loads, or importing loads from Flex 4/5 or Bladed, the following structural analyses calculations using an advanced beam model approach can be performed: • Strain- and stress-based ultimate strength evaluation• Fatigue analyses based on time series• Panel- and cross-section based buckling analyses• Modal analyses• Tip deflection calculations

3D Interactive Blade Modeller

Structural analyses

• Aeroelasticity I, Rotor Pre-Design

For the aeroelastic pre-design of rotor blades a dedicated module is available. With this module the aeroelastic performance of rotor blades can be deter-mined without the need for a full turbine model or a detailed blade design. This makes it easy to scale up / down an existing blade design and modify it to become the basis for a new blade design.

The Aeroelasticity I module can compute:• Quasi-steady rotor characteristics• Quasi-steady rotor loads (thrust, torque, blade root bending moment)• Eigenmodes and frequencies (including dimensionless aerodynamic damp-

ing, direction of the root bending moment, direction of the tip-vibration, amplitude and angle of tip torsional moment)

• ‘Once per rev’ varying shape and damping of the rotor blades (including span, flap-wise amplitude of the mode, lag-wise amplitude of the mode, torsional deformation of the mode, blade chord length, aerodynamic damp-ing of the local section)

The Aeroelasticity I module can use either BEM or Vortex Wake model theory as the basis for calculations. The models include torsional deformation and transverse shear flexibility and many aerodynamic and structural dynamic cou-pling terms for bending and torsion dynamics.

Noise Emission

The noise emission module (requires Aeroelasticity I module) calculates the sound power level of the wind turbine blades and sums it to the overall wind turbine sound power level. For every blade element, trailing edge and inflow noise sources are considered. The trailing edge noise source is calculated from the model of Brooks, Pope and Marcolini. Inflow noise is due to the turbu-lence in the oncoming flow, interacting with the blade. It is calculated from the model of Amiet and Lowson. The noise sources are (‘acoustically’) summed over the elements in order to obtain the total blade and turbine sound powerlevel.

The output comes in the form of Power Watt Levels (PWL). The Overall PWL (OAPWL) is specified per element to give an overview of the radial distribution of the noise sources. A breakdown is given of the noise source types.

Rotor Pre-Design

Rotor Pre-Design• BEM or vortex wake• Power curves and annual

energy production• Eigenmodes and eigenfre-

quencies• Graphical mode shape

viewer visualizes the mode shapes for easier analysis

• Divergence speed• ‘One per rev’ shape and

damping of the rotor blades

• Quick design optimiza-tion to avoid undesired frequencies of blade and rotor

Noise Emission• Calculates Sound Power

Level (PWL) and Over-all Wind Turbine Sound Power Level (Overall PWL)

• Trailing edge and inflow noise sources

• Trailing edge noise from model of Brooks, Pope and Marcolini

• Inflow noise from model of Amiet and Lowson

• Output in Power Watt Levels (PWL) and Overall PWL (OAPWL) per element including radial distribu-tion of noise sources

• Breakdown of noise source types

• Data averaged over 1/3 octave bands to illustrate spectral content of noise

• Weighted and non-weight-ed results available

• Turbine simulations• Load case generation (IEC

ed. 2 with GL-2010 supple-ments or IEC ed. 3)

• Extreme load analysis• Modal analysis of tower• Performance coefficients • Power curves and annual

energy production• Detailed aerodynamic

information at specified blade stations

• Peak value and level-crossing analysis

• Detailed simulations of performance and loading for all turbine states.

• Blade and tower deflec-tions and yaw motion

• Nacelle accelerations • Blade pitch, controller and

transducer signals• Forces and moments at

specified blade and tower stations

• Forces and moments at the hub and yaw bearing

• Shaft loads • Rotational speeds at rotor

and generator • Mechanical and electrical

losses • Rainflow counting and

markov matrix export• Equivalent fatigue load

calculation and (automat-ic) reporting

Blades• BEM theory • Oblique inflow included in

tip-loss factor expression • Full or partial span pitch• Blade pre-bending• Blade dynamics flap and

lead bending, torsion• Blade dynamics tension-

torsion coupling, bending-torsion coupling

• Geometrical non-linear blade deflections

• Iced blades

Aeroelasticity II, Wind Turbine Design

With the Aeroelasticity II, Wind Turbine Design module the calculation of com-bined aerodynamic and structural dynamic behaviour of a wind turbine in the time domain is available.

The rotor aerodynamics are solved on basis of the engineering BEM theory of which the sub-models for tip-loss, tangential induction, blade-tower interaction, oblique inflow effects and rotational effects are combined on a physical basis.

The build-in tower model gives a detailed and well-validated dynamic re-sponse of the tower including all mutual interactions with the turbine model up including the aerodynamics of the rotor. Alternatively, an external tower model can be linked using the Craig-Bampton method.

A built-in PD controller is provided that includes rotor speed filtering and peak-shaving strategy. In addition, dedicated controllers using the Bladed interface or the ECN Control Design Tool interface can be used (DLL).

Load cases for IEC or GL load set calculations can be generated automati-cally. For this purpose models are available to simulate faulted conditions and emergency situations. The results are accepted for certification by GL and DNV.

In order to reduce the total turnaround time of load set calculations, load cases can be calculated in parallel on (multiple) computers with multi-core proces-sors.

Extreme Extrapolation

The Extreme Extrapolation module performs the 50-year load extrapolation as required by IEC 61400-1 Ed. 3 and IEC 61400-3 Ed. 1. Two methods to de-termine extremes are available: Peak over thresholt (POT) and Block method. For fitting extremes different methods are available:• Generalized Pareto distribution function (Pareto), with these fitting meth-

ods: the Haan method, L-Moments and Chi-Square fit• Generalized Extreme Value distribution function (GEV), with these fitting

methods: L-moments and Chi-Square fit

2D graphs of time series

•

Rotor• Tilt and cone angles • 2 and 3 blades• Upwind / downwind • Mass imbalance

Wind• 3-dimensional, 3-compo-

nent turbulence models• Various turbulence spectra

and coherence models• Transients in wind speed,

direction, and shear as specified in the design standards

• Wind shear (bi-linear, exponential, or logarithmic model)

• Tower shadow, upwind and downwind

Waves• Linear and non-linear

waves

Control• Fixed or variable speed• Built-in PD controllers with

gain scheduling and peak shaving

• External controller API (DLL; Bladed and ECN CDT)

• Passive or controlled pitch motion

• Collective or individual pitch

• Parked, idling, start-up, shutdown and power pro-duction simulations

• Programmable supervisor control

FOCUS FEM for blade design

For certification of a blade it is necessary to perform static analysis on the blade using Puck failure criteria. For this purpose the FOCUS FEM module is available. FOCUS FEM provides a composite thick shell finite element that supports tapered layers. The FOCUS FEM module provides the following functionalities:

• Static structural analysis• Includes Puck criterion• Composite thick shell ele-

ments• Full layup (individual plies)• RBE3 elements for load

introduction

Offshore

The Offshore module provides an interactive 3D modeler to design support structures. The modeler supports monopiles, jacket and lattice tower-like structures. Marine growth and grouted members are supported.

In addition, the offshore load case preprocessor generates automatically com-bined wave and wind load sets, complient with current standards such as IEC 61400-3.

The Offshore module is used in combination with the Aeroelasticity II module.

The main features are:

• Interactive graphical modeler• Load set generator according to IEC

61400-3• Stochastic and deterministic wave

generator• Visualization of results and anima-

tion of simulations• Calculation of displacements and

member forces• Calculation of nominal stresses in

members• General FOCUS6 features for pa-

rametrization of models, automated optimization.

WMC FEM

Support structure result viewer

•

Generator & Electrical• Variable speed and vari-

able slip model • Generator characteristics

from table• Synchronous / asynchro-

nous operation

Drivetrain• Stiff or torsionally flex-

ible shafts and gearbox support

• Geared and direct drive • Gearbox damping

Tower & Nacelle• Tower dynamics, fore-aft,

side to side and torsion• Yaw dynamics• Foundation flexibility• Wind loading, including

aeroelastic feedback• Wave and current loading,

including hydrodynamic drag and inertia effects

• Craig-Bampton method interface to dynamics of FEM model of tower

• Guy wires• Aerodynamic drag for

tubular or lattice tower

FOCUS6 program options:

• Structural Blade Design • Aeroelasticity I, Rotor Pre-Design• Aeroelasticity II, Turbine Design• Offshore • FEM Export for Blade Design• Noise Emission (requires Aeroelasticity I) • Bladed 4 Interface for export of blade data and import of load sets• FEM Mesh Export for Blade Design (Abaqus, Ansys, MSC.Nastran)• Extreme Extrapolation• Queue Manager

For all program options, detailed workshops are available that guide the user step-by-step through the software.

FOCUS6 is developed by Knowledge Centre WMC with contributions of Energy Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)

Contact information:

Knowledge Centre WMC P.O. Box 43 1770 AA Wieringerwerf The Netherlands

+31-(0)227-50 49 49 +31-(0)227-50 49 48 www.wmc.eu info@wmc.eu

Phone: Fax: Internet: E-mail :

Recommended computer system:

Processor: Memory: Hard disk: Graphics card: Operating systemDatabase:

FOCUS6 is supported on the following 32-bit and 64-bit Microsoft Windows operating systems: Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012.For a multi-user environment it is recommended to install the database on a separate server (Windows or Linux).

Dual Core 2.2 GHz or better4+ GB500 GB - 7200 rpm128 MB with OpenGL 3D supportWindows 7 64-bitsPostgreSQL 8.3 (included)

Wind turbine Materials and ConstructionsWMCKnowledge

Centre