Supporting Topic SentencesFOCUS ON EFFECT

Eliécer DíazTESOL Professor, Universidad de Cordoba

Cause and Effect• In previous classes, you learned how to

divide a topic into its various types, characteristics, elements, parts, etc. Now we will concentrate on a type of paragraph development which is frequently very similar to enumeration:

• cause and effect. In other words, when you use a cause-effect method of development, this will often mean that you are supporting your topic sentence by listing or enumerating.

Cause and Effect• What you should remember, however, is

that in a cause-effect development, there is always a causal relationship between the topic sentence and the supporting sentences, or even between major supporting sentences and minor ones. This means that your supporting sentences become a list of either effects (what a certain situation has lead to or has resulted in), or causes (reasons or explanations why something is the way it is, or why it happened the way it did):

CAUSE-EFFECT DEVELOPMENT:FOCUS ON EFFECT

NOW ASK YOURSELF

• 1. Have any enumerative listing signals been used?

• 2. Is the paragraph in ascending, descending, or , equal order? How can you tell?

• 3. What kinds of supportive material can you find (examples. details. etc.)?

• Directions: Fill in the chart below, which is based on the preceding model paragraph.

• Topic Sentence: Many people are worried about what television has done to the generation of American children who have grown up watching it.

Analyzing a Cause-Effect Paragraph(Focus on Effect)

Strategies versus skills…

• What’s the difference?

• How do you read a newspaper?

• How do you read a novel?

•

• It’s the second time I have to present a topic!!!

Dependence to independence…

• I am trying to move you from teacher dependence to learner independence because there is never enough time in the classroom.

• Independent learners are self-directed.

• ChronologyDescribe your first trip to the United States.Write a chronology of your first few years at school.Describe significant changes in your country's economy or culture within

the last few years.

• ProcessTell how to make your favorite dish.Explain how to obtain a driver's license in the state where you are now

living.Describe the stages in forming a friendship.Describe the steps involved in getting married in your country.

Conclusion... I mean assignments

Thnx 4 being 2day in da class