fo splicer
TRANSCRIPT
انؼه انظري انىو
األولأضاضاخ ف األناف انثصرح ذطثماخ األناف انثصرح نألناف انثصرح انكىاخ انذاخهح وانخارجح
أدواخ انطرخذيح ف انرىصم وانرركة انثاانرهحى وأىاػه صادك انهحاو أوػح انهحاو
لطغ وذؼرح نف تصريSM ,MM ذهحى نف تصري ىعSM ذهحى نف تصري ىعMM ذهحى وصالخ يصؼحPigtails
INDOORذركة صذوق نحاو حائط ____ انثانث ذركة صذوق نحاو حائطOUTDOOR
SMذركة نىحح ذىصم __ انراتغ ذركة نىحح ذىصمMM
فحص األػطال داخم صادك انهحاو أجهسج انفحص وانماش ف األناف انثصرح انخايص
يحرىاخ انذورج
انراجغ
Modulator Transmissi
on Medium Demodulator Destination
Communication System
أضاضاخ ف األناف انثصرح
االذصاالخ انؼاو ظاو
Electrical Signal
Input
Modulator Optical Light
Source Output Signal
(Electric signal)
Demodulator Optical
Detector
Transmission
path (Optical
Fiber)
أضاضاخ ف األناف انثصرحاألناف انضىئح ف االذصاالخ ظاو
انثصرحأضاضاخ ف األناف
انضىئحوػىب األناف يساخ انؼىب انساخ BWػرض طاق ػان
حراج انى يهارج ف انرؼايم
حجى صغر ووز خفف
ػازل ي انكهرتاء
Security أيا ػان
Crosstalkحاح ي انرذاخم
Losses ألم طثح فمذ
ظاو ير وضهم انصاح
اداء ثاتد ويطرمر
EIG:
•Expected RFSD Q2 2010 .
•System length of (≈ 12000Km)
.
•Designed capacity of about
3 Tbps .
•EIG lands in 14 points
among 12 countries .
.
Privat submarine system MENA:
• RFSD Q1 2009 .
• System length of (≈ 8000Km) .
• Designed capacity of 5.76Tbps .
• MENA lands in 6 points among 4
countries .
• Owner: Orascom .
.
SEA ME WE 5
SEA ME WE 5:
•Expected RFSD Q2 2016 .
•System length of (≈ 12000Km) .
•Designed capacity of about 24 Tbps
.
•SEA ME WE 5 lands in 13 points
among 17countries .
.
SAS-1
SAS-1:
• Operational since 2003 .
• Point-to-point, 333Km long
repeater-less cable system linking
Jeddah with Sudan .
• 1.28Tbps capacity .
انثصرحأضاضاخ ف األناف
ذطثماخ األناف انضىئح
Every
ware..!
انكىاخ انخارجح نألناف انثصرح
1 2- n n
m
c
09 0c
.. زاوح انمثىل Acceptance Angle
أاط األناف انثصرحFiber Modes Classification
Single mode SM : A single straight line through the fiber core
Multimode MM : With a number of reflections along the fiber
Cont..
SM Vs. MM
Parameter Single mode
SI Fiber
Multimode
SI Fiber
Multimode
GI Fiber
Stru
ctu
re
Core diameter 5 - 10 µm 50 - 400 µm 30 - 100 µm
Cladding diameter 125 µm
125 - 500 µm 100 - 150 µm
Buffer jacket diameter 250 - 1000 µm 250 - 1000 µm 250 - 1000 µm
Numerical aperture 0.08 – 0.15 0.16 – 0.5 0.2 – 0.3
Pe
rform
an
ce
Attenuation (at a wavelength of 0.85 µm)
2 – 5 dB/km 2.6 – 50 dB/km 2 – 10 dB/km
Bandwidth > 500 MHzkm 6 – 50 MHzkm 300 MHzkm – 3
GHzkm
انكاتم األحادح وانسدوجح
Simplex and Duplex CABLE
انكاتم انذاخهح وانخارجحINDOOR and OUTDOOR CABLE
CABLE SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications CABLE NAME CABLE PICs
LOOSE INDOOR SM Armed Cable
TIGHT OUTDOOR MM Fiber Cable
EATHERNET Bandwidth
Multimode OM
Categories (1.2.3 and 4)
Connector Structure
Connector Ferrule dB Power
Fiber Connectors
Connector Type Features Applications
SC (Subscriber
Connector)
Push-in connector
Square shaped
Ceramic ferrule
Typical loss 0.2 – 0.45 dB
Used in Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, LAN,
WAN, MAN, Fiber channels in
telecommunication networks
ST
(Straight Tip)
Twist-lock connector with
metal connector cap
Round shaped
Ceramic ferrule
Typical loss 0.2 – 0.5 dB
Distribution applications using either
multimode or single mode fibers
FC (Face Contact)
Screw-on rugged metal
connector
Round shaped
Used in Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, LAN,
WAN, MAN, Fiber channels in
telecommunication networks
LC
Push-in connector
Square shaped
Ceramic ferrule
Typical loss 0.1 – 0.5 dB
Used in CATV, LAN, MAN and WAN
applications
Connector Types
Connector Types Connector Type Features Applications
D4 (DIN connetor)
Screw-on heavy-duty metal
connector
Round shaped
Used for similar functions with FC
connector but requires a smaller
space than FC connector
SMA
(Sub Miniature A)
Screw-on connector
Round shaped
Stainless-steel ferrule
Used in military applications and
in the delivery of high-power laser
light
BICONIC
Screw-on connector
Round shaped
Ceramic cone shaped ferrule
Used in military applications
MINI-BNC
(Mini Bayonet
Nut Connector)
Twist-lock metal connector
Round shaped
Similar in appearance to
counterpart coaxial cable
Rarely found in new systems
Connector Types Connector Type Features Applications
FDDI (Fiber-
Distributed Data
Interface)
Push-in connector
Rectangular shaped
2 Fibers in a plastic ferrule
Used to link electronics and fiber
transmission systems
ESCON
(Enterprise
Systems
Connection)
Push-in connector
Rectangular shaped
2 Fibers in a plastic ferrule
Used to link electronics and fiber
transmission systems
SC Duplex
Push-in connector
Rectangular shaped
Two single SC connectors
joined with a plastic clip
Used in Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, LAN,
WAN, MAN, Fiber channels in
telecommunication networks
ي حث طرمح ذركثها انىصالخ Hot melt Connectors
Epoxy Connectors
Fuse Connectors (Using Fusion splicer to splice)
Crimp lock connectors
No Polish Crimp lock connectors
Color Code and Jacket Color
LOSESS انفمذ ف اإلشارج انضىئح
Losses in fiber optic transmission
Material absorption losses
Scattering losses
Curve and fiber bending losses
Mode coupling radiation losses
Connector and splices losses
dBkm/m
LOSESS انفمذ ف اإلشارج انضىئح dBkm/m
Tx fiber Rx fiber
LOSSES In dB
Typical Losses in Fiber Connection
Typical Losses Connection Type
.01 to .05 dB per Splice Fusion Splicer
.1 to .5 dB per Splice Mechanical Splicer
0.1 – 0.5 dB Connectors
0.5– 1.5 dB Adapters and Couplers
2 – 5 dB/km SM SI Attenuation @ 850 nm
2.6 – 50 dB/km MM SI Attenuation @ 850 nm
2 – 10 dB/km MM GI Attenuation @ 850 nm
.. أدواخ انمطغ وانرؼرح
Splicing •A way of connecting two
individual optical fibers
together.
•Basically, splicing is used for;-
-to repair a damaged cable.
-to establish long-haul
optical fiber links.
-to join two different cable
types. FITL Fusion Splicer
Mechanical Splicer
Fusion Splicing Mechanical Splicing
Permanent and highly reliable Reusable and reliable
0.01 - 0.05 dB loss per splice 0.1 - 0.3 dB loss per splice
Cost effective when number of fiber
installations are higher
Cost effective for installations involving
smaller fiber counts
Especially suitable where low losses are
required
Suitable for moderately demanding and
temporary joints (testing or repairing
purposes)
Splicing Techniques – Vs.
Fiber Cleaving
Figure: Control fracture procedure for fiber end preparation.
األجهسج انطرخذيح ف انرهحى
FITL Fusion Splicer Mechanical Splicer
Fiber Closure
Splice Try
Fiber Closure
Splice Try
Fiber Closure
Splice Try
األدواخ انطرخذيح ف انرهحى
Safety in Fiber Optic LAB
حائط نحاو صذوق ذركة
نىحح ذىصم ذركة
Epoxy Connectors Installing SC PC MM 50/125µm
Installing (Fast Connector) LC/MM No Polish Connector 50/125/900µm
What is a Loss Budget
calculated by adding the average losses of all the components used
in the cable plant to get the total estimated end-to-end loss.
That’s Include all Connections between Tx and Rx, Such like:-
Number of Connectors, Couplers.
Number of Splices.
Length of Fiber optic cable.
Tx Output Power – Rx Power = Loss Budget
Calculate a Loss Budget
Calculate a Loss Budget - Example
Calculated Losses Components Specification Components
7 dB @850nm
3 dB @1300nm
3.5 dB/Km @850nm
1.5 dB/Km @1300nm
2Km fiber
3.75 dB 0.75 dB 5 Connectors
.30 dB 0.30 dB 1 splice
11.05dB @850nm
7.05dB @1300nm
Total
Example1.1:
2 Km MM fiber Link with 5 Conn, 1 splice Using TIA-568 Specifications:
Calculate a Loss Budget - Example
Calculated Losses Components Specification Components
6 dB @850nm
2 dB @1300nm
3 dB/Km @850nm
1 dB/Km @1300nm
2Km fiber
1.50 dB 0.3 dB 5 Connectors
0.20 dB 0.20 dB 1 splice
7.70 dB @850nm
3.70 dB @1300nm
Total
Example1.2:
2 Km MM fiber Link with 5 Conn, 1 splice Using Typical Specifications:
FOA LossCalc
Fiber Cleaning Kit
FO Loop Back Modules
SC-LC
Losses .02 dB
FO Identifier
detecting optical signals transmitted through
a fiber without disrupting live traffic.
FO Multimode Mandrels
Measuring and Testing Equipment-2
FO Connector Inspection (Microscope).
VFL (Visual Fault Locator) .
FO Connector Inspection (Microscope)
× ×
√
Measuring and Testing Equipment-3
OSA (Optical Spectrum Analyzer)
measure and display the distribution of
power of an optical source over a
specified wavelength span.
DWDM,CWDM an WDM Multiplexing
systems
Measuring and Testing Equipment-4
OTDR ( Optical Time Domain Reflector)
Verify splice loss, measure length and find
faults of connections.
Measure an OPM and VFL testing.
Suitable for SM and MM fiber Mode.
INDOOR-OUTDOOR Cable.
OTDR
Measuring and Testing Equipment-2
OLS (Optical Light Source)
Generate optical power with wavelength λ
through fiber core.
SM/MM Fiber Mode.
ST/SC/FC Connectors Type.
OPM (Optical Power Meter)
Receive optical power with same λ in OLS.
SM/MM Fiber Mode.
ST/SC/FC Connectors Type.
OLSOPM