fmnr beating famine

Grassroots Trust- Shaping a Viable Future

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Beating Famine- FMNRRolf ShentonGrassroots TrustZambia


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Traditional CBNRM- Adapted Genius Harvest of forest, fish and wildlife

was moderated by local customary rules

Mosaic burning Crops were mixed, no till, integrated

with trees Grazing was planned and communal

to reduce disease and give time for vegetation to recover

ABUNDANCE & DIVERSITY !


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Disruptive Invasion-Conquer nature Europeans introduced sport hunting, soon

banning customary hunting like the “Chila” Ploughs, mono-cultures, fertilisers and

chemicals Clear felling, stumping and plantation while

Chitemene was banned and FMNR overlooked. Early burning became policy

Access to vast lands restricted by Protected Areas and large-scale farms introduced fencing & private land.

Mass resettlement- decision-making structures broken up

CONFUSION AND RESENTMENT SET IN!


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Soil Economy in free fall Bad practices spread, environments

degraded, over 70% of livestock and 90% of large wildlife died, crop yields plummeting

Nationalization further undermined local & Traditional Authority responsibility over land and resources-

Africans lost control of soil economy- millions moved to cities straining services

Poverty cycle set in


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Fortress conservation Bunker resource management

structures Little or no meaningful involvement

of stakeholders Elite capture Political appeasement – corruption ‘Fya Boma’ attitudes- freedom

became the freedom to ignore common sense


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Perfect storm Fertilizer subsidies off and on, soil

damaged, yields finally collapsed to 1/4

Farmers clear for more crop land Wildlife and fish finish quickly Urban demand for cheap food and

energy rises People turned to charcoal for

livelihoods


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Summary of decline Sense of ownership and

responsibility transferred from local communities to state

Rights and benefits given to general public via state

New thinking undermined local established CBNRM systems

New technologies replaced tried and tested


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Part 2Solutions


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Pockets of Regeneration Landscape- consistent success FMNR areas Holistic Management areas- Namibian

Conservancies, livestock ranches, farms Wildlife Conservancies- Campfire, some

GMA, Game Ranches, a few Pas

Farm level- erratic success Conservation farming


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Factors for regeneration Secure rights and clarifying responsibilities Organized community-owned decision-

making processes Holistic management of resources CBNRM business structures for commons Focus on soil as robust base for growth Regenerative technologies for biodiversity Consistent and long-term mentorships


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CO2


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FMNR in Zambia Still commonly used around

homesteads- motivation is ascetic No academic or official recognition vs

tree planting Currently low use of FMNR in commons Increased use of FMNR with CBNRM

approach


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Making FMNR ‘cool’


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Holistic Context: Environmental regeneration, economic growth and social stability Soil, water and natural resources

regenerating Organized rural communities, once a drain

on public coffers now take responsibility for their lives, turn profits and pay taxes

Government able to concentrate on public services, security and infrastructure

THE FUTURE IS BRIGHT