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Right to Education Challenges in the Asia-Pacific Region Rene Raya ASPBAE World Human Rights Forum Marrakech, Morocco 27-30 November 2014

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Right to Education Challenges in the

Asia-Pacific Region

Rene RayaASPBAE

World Human Rights ForumMarrakech, Morocco

27-30 November 2014

The Asia-Pacific Region

JordanAfghanistan

Oman

Malaysia

Mongolia

Myanmar

Maldives

Sri Lanka

Lebanon

Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan

Philippines

Japan

Qatar

IsraelIraq

India

Indonesia

Georgia

CyprusChina

Bhutan

Bahrain

Bangladesh

United Arab Emirates

Kazakhstan

Nepal

Timor-Leste

Syrian Arab RepublicRepublic of Korea

Occupied Palestinian Territory

Macao SAR of ChinaLao People`s Democratic Republic

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Hong Kong SAR of China

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Brunei Darussalam

Pakistan

Armenia

Viet Nam

Cambodia

Yemen

Uzbekistan

Turkey TurkmenistanTajikistan

Thailand

Singapore

Saudi Arabia

Azerbaijan

Most populous region in the world

Fastest growing economic region

Yet, the Region faces serious challenges in Education

Asia-Pacific hosts the biggest number of adult illiterates 64% of global total Over half in South Asia

Key Education Challenges

17.8 million out of school children in the Region 31% of global total

Over 100 million youth, 15-24 years old have not completed primary education

Asia-Pacific 60% of Global Total)

Key Education Challenges

Global Total 200 million

Gender Disparity remains large

2/3 of Adult Illiterates are women

More girls out of school than boys

Asia Pacific

Asia-Pacific as the Least Spenders in Education …

UNESCO Global Monitoring Report (2012)

Public Expenditure on Education as Percent (%) of GNP

UNESCO Global Monitoring Report (2013)

Nepal

OECD

Most Countries in Asia-Pacific have constitutional and legal provisions on Free and Compulsory Education.

Most are signatories to ESCR, CRC, CEDAW, and EFA

Adherence to the Right to Education

YES in formalities , BUT hardly so in actual practice!

Growth in Private School Enrolments

Promoted & marketed aggressively Using branding, endorsement, social media False claims on affordability and world class status

In Recent year…Stronger Push towards Privatisation

Create added barrier for the poor to pursue schooling

Expansion of Private Tutoring; persisting User Fees in most Asian countries

The Emerging Corporate Chain Schools

The rise of Low Fee Private Schools Particularly in India and other South Asian countries

Growth in Private School Enrolments…

Pakistan 34.1%

India ~ 30%

Nepal 20%

Philippines 20%(Secondary)

Indonesia 41% Secondary)

In NepalClosure and merger of public schools resulted to children dropping out of school

In CambodiaPrivate Tutoring has become so widespread that affects learning of poor students who cannot afford

In India, other South Asian countriesGirls less likely to be enrolled in Private Schools, thus, further widening gender disparity gap

Rights Issues linked to Privatisation

In Private Schools around AsiaTeachers are paid extremely low salaries, without Benefits and No Security. Salaries go as low as:

1/8 of Government Teachers (India)1/3 for Pakistan1/2 for Philippines

Rights Issues linked to Privatisation

These are some cases of Infringement of the Right to Education that impact most especially

on Children, Women and on Teachers.

Implications of Privatisation on the Right to Education

• Children & youth denied access to quality education• Leads to segregation based on Ability, Socio-

Economic Status and Ethnicity Exacerbates inequality

• Widens gender disparity, putting girls at a disadvantage

• Weakens/undermines the public education system,

Thank You!