fm/dab/dvb-t multiband multistatic passive radar system...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
M. Edrich
Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH
FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar
System – Design Considerations and Lessons Learnt
![Page 2: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
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Airbus Defence & Space carve-out of radar, optronics, EW and avionics business
Airbus DS Electronics & Border Security rebranding from March 1st, 2017 to HENSOLDT
06 July 2017
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2
New Company effective March 1st, 2017: HENSOLDT
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• Goal and Basic Design Considerations
• Analysis of Transmitter Network Structure for Germany and Network Model
• Passive Radar Design and System Overview
• Measurement Results
• Lessons Learnt and Conclusion
06 July 2017
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3
Passive Radar Design Study, System Overview and Lessons Learnt:
![Page 4: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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4
Basic Question and Activities
Can a conventional active air surveillance radar be replaced / augmented by a Passive Radar
system, consisting of one or several receiver sites ?
-> 360° az. coverage, ~ 60° el. coverage
-> range ~100km @ typical A/V RCS
-> handling, 3D-localization and separation of a great number of aerial targets
Analyse networks available as illuminators
Design, built and test a prototype system and perform tests to gain experience
![Page 5: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
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1. Ensure multistatic illumination of airspace & targets
2. Suppress strong ‘Direct Signals’ from Tx
3. Detect, fuse detections & separate targets, localize targets
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5
Multistatic Passive Radar Principles & Problems
Multiple Tx, Single Rx Multiple Rx, Single Tx
![Page 6: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
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6
Impressions of Separation Problem in Multi-Target Scenarios
bistatic plot data R-RR tracks & 3D-tracks:
T0
T1
![Page 7: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
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Slant Range (km)
Heig
ht
(km
)
DAB
0 20 40 60 80 1000
5
10
15
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
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7
Analysis of Transmitter Networks in Germany: FM, DAB, DVB-T
Broadcast Network
Frequency Band
Transmitter Bandwidth
Typical Transmitter Power (EIRP)
FM radio 88MHz - 108MHz
0 - 100kHz *) 10kW – 100kW
DAB radio
174MHz - 240MHz
1.5MHz 1kW – 10kW
DVB-T (television)
470MHz – 862MHz
7.6MHz 1kW – 100kW
Slant Range (km)
Heig
ht
(km
)
FM
0 20 40 60 80 1000
5
10
15
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
Slant Range (km)
Heig
ht
(km
)
DVB-T
0 20 40 60 80 1000
5
10
15
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
Receive Powers:
4π
λ
R4π
(El)GPP
2
2
ssr
DAB DVB-T FM
DVB-T Tx elevation diagram
![Page 8: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
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In SFNs an ambiguity w.r.t. the origin of each received reflexion
exists multiple hypothesis tracking increases complexity !
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8
Multiple & Single Frequency Networks
MFN
SFN
PR receiver Tx1 Tx2 Tx3
PR receiver Tx1 Tx2 Tx3
f1 f2 f3
![Page 9: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
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9
DAB SFN Ambiguity: Measurements in Ulm, Germany
250km
150km
![Page 10: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
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06 July 2017 10
Data Fusion and Tracking in SFNs / MFNs
FM DAB DVB-T
Plots
(Range, Doppler,
Azimuth)
Plots
(Range, Doppler,
Azimuth)
Plots
(Range, Doppler,
Azimuth, Elevation)
Range-RangeRate
Tracks
Range-RangeRate
Tracks
Range-RangeRate
Tracks
Range-RangeRate Tracking
R
R
R
R
R
Correlation Track to Transmitter
Trk 1
Tx 1
Trk 1
Tx 2
Trk 1
Tx 3
Trk 1
Tx ...
Trk 1
Tx k
Trk 1
Tx 1
Trk 1
Tx 2
Trk 1
Tx 3
Trk 1
Tx ...
Trk 1
Tx l
Trk m
Tx 1
Trk m
Tx 2
Trk m
Tx 3
Trk m
Tx ...
Trk m
Tx k
Trk n
Tx 1
Trk n
Tx 2
Trk n
Tx 3
Trk n
Tx ...
Trk n
Tx l
Trk 1
Tx 1
Trk p
Tx 1
Multi Range-RangeRate Track Fusion
Track Correlations
Target height assuumptions
Gaussian Mixture
Log-Likelihood Ratio
3D-Track 1 3D-Track 2 3D-Track q
Multi Hypothesis Tracking !
How many hypothesis’ ?
Separation of ellipsoids ?
![Page 11: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
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06 July 2017 11
Analysis of Tx Networks in Germany (Area: 357.000km2)
Longitude [°]
Latitu
de [
°]
FM
5.59482 7.59482 9.59482 11.5948 13.5948
55.137
53.137
51.137
49.137
transmitter sites with at least 1 frequency >= 30 dBW
transmitter sites with at least 1 frequency >= 40 dBW
Longitude [°]
Latitu
de [
°]
DAB
5.59482 7.59482 9.59482 11.5948 13.5948
55.137
53.137
51.137
49.137
Longitude [°]
Latitu
de [
°]
DVB-T
5.59482 7.59482 9.59482 11.5948 13.5948
55.137
53.137
51.137
49.137
DAB:
• 176 transmitters >30dBW
• arranged in 33 SFNs
DVB-T:
• 434 transmitter >40 dBW
• arranged in 198 SFNs
FM:
• 145 transmitters >40dBW
• Multiple Freq. (MFN)
![Page 12: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
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06 July 2017 12
Analysis of MFN / SFN Networks in Germany
FM: MFN, Tx-Grid approx. 50km
DAB: 33 SFNs of various size, typ. <10 Tx, max. 53 Tx per SFN
DVB-T: 198 SFNs of various size, <8 Tx per SFN
DAB DVB-T
![Page 13: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
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06 July 2017 13
Tx Network Model for Germany
PR cov. of 360°, 100km range:
- 16 FM Tx
- 2 .. 4 DAB SFNs
- 2 .. 9 DVB-T SFNs
![Page 14: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
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DVB-T Antenna
· 474-850 MHz
· Calibration Unit
FM/DAB Antenna
· 88-240 MHz
· Calibration Unit
DVB-T Analog Rx
· Amplifier
· Channel Filters
DAB Analog Rx
· Amplifier
· Bandpass Filter
208-234 MHz
FM Analog Rx
· Amplifier
· Bandpass Filter
88-108 MHz
DVB-T Digital Rx
· ADC
· DDC
DAB Digital Rx
· ADC
· DDC
FM Digital Rx
· ADC
· 8 x DDC
DAB Signal Proc.
· Adaptive BF
· Correlation
· Detection
· Azimuth Meas.
FM Signal Proc. 8ch.
· Adaptive BF
· Correlation
· Detection
· Azimuth Meas.
DVB-T Signal Proc.
· Adaptive BF
· Correlation
· Detection
· Azimuth/Elev.
Meas.Tracking System
· Range-Doppler
Tracking
· Multihypothesis
Tracking (DAB/
DVB-T)
· Data Fusion
· 3D-Tracking
Engineering Consoles
Signal Proc./Tracking
· Range-Doppler Display
· Bearing Results
· Tracking Results
Operator Console
ViSys
14
56
7
14 14
7
7
7
Plots
Plots
Plots
Tracks
ADS-B Rx
Reference
Clock Generator
GPS
Calibration Signals
Clocks
Mission Planning Tool
HD Recording
Multiband Antenna
Analog Receiver Digital Receiver Signal Processing Tracking
MMI / Visualisation
ADS-B
06 July 2017 14
Passive Radar System Design
![Page 15: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
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15
Passive Radar Multiband Demonstrator System
Multiband coverage simultaneously processible transmitters:
– 8x/16x independent FM transmitters
out of FM Band 88 – 108 MHz
– 1*x DAB Single Frequency Network (SFN)
out of DAB Band 174 – 240 MHz
– 1*x DVB-T Single Frequency Network
out of DVB-T Band 474 – 786 MHz (* 3 SFN parallel)
Processing:
– Realtime signal processing
(Bistatic Plotdata)
– Realtime 3D tracking system
(including multihypothesis tracking for SFN &
multi-sensor-tracking for sensor cluster operation )
![Page 16: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
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06 July 2017 16
Single-Site Measurement Campaigns
2014 16
Berlin Schoene-
feld Airport
Berlin Tegel Airport
Berlin Tegel Airport
Berlin Schoene-
feld Airport
1 FM transmitter:
- range up to 100km
- covarage gaps
- accuracy >1km
8 FM transmitters:
- range up to 100km
- no covarage gaps
- accuracy <500m
Berlin Area, Germany, FM only
Lake Constance Area, Germany
FM, DAB, DVB-T
Visualization of multistatic diversity:
Video: FM_DAB_DVB-T-Video
![Page 17: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
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17
Dual-Site Operation
PCL1 (Master)
Signal-Processing
FM & DAB & DVB-T
LAN
bistatic plot
data
PCL2 (Slave(s))
Multi-Sensor-Tracking
(data fusion of bistatic plot data
and dislocated sensors)
Signal-Processing
FM only 3G
bistatic
plot data
3D air picture using ASTERIX exter-
nally over 3G link online / real time
LAN
bistatic plot
data
Track data in ASTERIX for
distribution or display
CRC / Network
Track data in
ASTERIX
Passive radar sensor cluster provides:
• increasing coverage
• increasing accuracies
Sebastian Stroth - Spexer and Passiv Radar Engineering, HENSOLDT Slide 17 2017
![Page 18: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
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Airport MUC
70km
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18
Dual-Site Measurement Campaign
Sebastian Stroth - Spexer and Passiv Radar Engineering, HENSOLDT 3 September 2015 Slide 18 2017
![Page 19: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
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19
Passive Radar System Design
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20
Evaluation of Combined Multistatic Plot Updates
Color Code:
# number of plot updates to
3D-track per second
Min 3 updates / second
Max 30 updates / second
Provides by
- 2 x 8 FM Tx
- 1 DAB SFN
- 1 DVB-T SFN
Visualization of site-siversity:
Video_Site_and_Tx_Diversity
![Page 21: FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar System ...dits.center/downloads/spot53/EuRAD_2017_WF-01_PCL_02.pdfM. Edrich Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH FM/DAB/DVB-T](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040714/5e1a703592cc624c86217d59/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
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21
Lessons Learnt: Passive Radar Diversity Approach
Target detection by each one transmitter-receiver-constallation is limited by:
- terrain shadowing, esp. in low altitude targets
- multipath fading, both in the Tx-Target path and in the Target-Rx path
- angle-dependent target RCS fluctuation
- transmitter antenna elevation beamwidth, i.e. target illumination
- bistatic-range-dependent clutter characteristics
- PR blind zones (e.g. zero-doppler target trajectories)
Make use of diversity w.r.t. multiple Tx networks & frequency bands and multiple receiver sites
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22
Summary
Transmitter network analysis (Germany):
- model for FM/DAB/DVB-T Tx grids, Tx power and elevation cov.
Passive radar system demonstrator built and optimised in several steps:
- FM
- DAB / DVB-T
- cross-band data fusion and tracking
- second PR receiver station (FM only) for receiver site diversity
Measurement results:
- FM: range 100km+, acc. ~ 500m
- DAB/DVB-T: range 50km+, acc. ~ 50m
Reliable wide area coverage:
- Tx diversity: 8...16 FM Tx, 1..4 DAB/DVB-T SFNs
- Rx diversity: multiple receiver sites