fluka dose distribution simulations for tulip, turning
TRANSCRIPT
04.12.2014 1
Caterina CuccagnaTERA Foundation
3rd Fluka Advanced CourseINFN Frascati 4th December 2014
FLUKA dose distribution simulations for TULIP, TUrning LInac for Protontherapy
Following each particle from the linac into the patient
Caterina Cuccagna
04.12.2014 2
General Framework & Goals
Methodology
Simulation Implementation:
Strategy, challenges & solutions
Preliminary results & Conclusions
FLUKA dose distribution simulations for TULIP
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Cyclotron
TR24
by ACSI
450 m2
LEBT3 GHz CCL linac
HEBT
24 MeV
≤ 230 MeV
25x25 cm2
field
Rotation: ±110°wrt the horizontal plane
RF rotary
joints
4.6
mpatient access
General Framework :TULIP 1.0
TULIP:TUrning LInac for Proton therapy
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CERN KT FUND, coll. CLIC GROUPNew 50 MV/m accelerating structureCERN KT FUND, coll. TE-MSC-MNC
2.2 T Fe-Co Magnets
General Framework :TULIP 2.0
60 MeV
≤ 230 MeV
Caterina Cuccagna
Klystron RF pulse
RF power into the tanks
Proton pulses from source
5.0 μs
2.5 μs
5.0 - 8.0 ms200 -120 Hz
time
I
P
P
General Framework :
Fast active energy and intensity modulationRF pulses and beam pulses
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1. TULIP Dose distribution in a patient
Following the beam, particle by particle, from the linac through the beamtransport line into the patient
MC Simulation of a whole treatment in the patient (Commercial TPS vs MC )
DVH: Dose Volume Histogram with Fluka
LVH: LET Volume Histogram
Goals
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Results from a commercial TPS
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2. Optimization of the distance d between the isocenter and the position of the last scanning magnet in order toreduce the skin dose to the patient.
SM2
SM1
d
Goals
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Beam production system
Beam transport linesystem
Beamapplicationsystem
Methodology: Main systems modeling
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Methodology: Simulation software and data workflow
Linac simulations
LINAC+DESIGN Code
Beamproduction
Commercial TPSor other TPS
Beamapplication
Beam interaction withDose delivery system+ Patient
FLUKA &FLAIR
Phase-space file.dat.dst Phase-space file
.datBeam transport lines simulations
TRAVEL Code
Beamtransport line
DICOM files:
-RT Ion Plan-CT scans-RT Dose -RT structure
MATLAB Code• N# of protons• Layer Energies MATLAB
scripts
• Spot positions
• Spot size(FWHM x FWHM y)
•
Caterina Cuccagna
.t3d file (from TRACE3D): geometryand magnetic fields
LINAC: particles source
+• Multiparticle simulation• Losses and distributions• Error studies• Fine corrections• Used, for instance, to
make Linac 4, at CERN
Methodology: Simulation software for the beam production& transport line
Beam distribution
TRAVEL
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Beam line geometry
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Calculation of static plan
Dose distribution
Plan data:
Spot positions
Spot weights
Implementation
of different
strategies
techniques
-N protons for each
voxel
-Treatment time for
multi-painting
techniques
-
DICOMRT Plan
MATLABTPS
Data Elaboration
Methodology: Simulation software for beam application
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Calculation of static plan
Dose distribution
Plan data:
Spot positions
Spot weights
Implementation
of different
strategies
techniques
-N protons for each
voxel
-Treatment time for
multi-painting
techniques
-
DICOMRT Plan
MATLABTPS
Data Elaboration
Study done for 17 paediatric and 20 adults casesIn collaboration with Clinique Genolier -Geneva
Methodology: Simulation software for beam application
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Geometry and Material properties
PR
IMA
RY
BEA
M
VOID NOZZLE+PATIENT CT Dicom file
Pencil Beam
Beam importedfrom TRAVEL
Fluka simulation implementation: Roadmap
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Fluka simulation implementation
Generally, for Full Photon Linac MC Modeling
2 Approaches
Phase-space approach
Primary Proton Beam
MC techniques in Rad. therapy, J.Seco editor
Source model approach
Calculates particle distribution differential in Energy, position or angle
Follows each particle with all the phase-spaceparameters
+ information in individual particles+ correlation between angle, energy, position preserved- large amount of information to be stored
- lost of information on individual particles- Approximated+ faster
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Phase-space file
x [cm] x' [rad] y [cm] y' [rad] Phase [rad]Kinetic Energy [MeV] Charge State-2.8895E-01 -2.6686E-04 -8.3980E-01 7.3158E-04 ######## 1.0787E+02 1.0000E+00
9.0768E-02 4.7663E-05 2.0655E-01 -2.9475E-04 ######## 1.0858E+02 1.0000E+00
-5.7176E-01 -7.1991E-04 -5.3782E-01 3.2818E-04 ######## 1.0723E+02 1.0000E+00
-3.7836E-01 -6.0461E-04 -1.3325E-01 -5.2819E-05 ######## 1.0792E+02 1.0000E+00
-3.3940E-01 -2.1118E-04 4.5753E-01 -6.2200E-04 ######## 1.0758E+02 1.0000E+00
2.5411E-02 1.8691E-04 4.7638E-01 -5.2834E-04 ######## 1.0681E+02 1.0000E+00
4.6235E-01 5.8522E-04 -2.9499E-01 2.4326E-04 ######## 1.0676E+02 1.0000E+00
1.0422E-01 1.8754E-04 -4.2218E-01 6.2625E-04 ######## 1.0688E+02 1.0000E+00
7.9561E-01 1.0860E-03 -2.0218E-01 8.6763E-05 ######## 1.0793E+02 1.0000E+00
2.4045E-01 2.8932E-04 3.3449E-01 -3.1210E-04 ######## 1.0840E+02 1.0000E+00
-3.5849E-02 -3.4983E-04 -4.3415E-01 3.1401E-04 ######## 1.0665E+02 1.0000E+00
-9.4074E-02 2.1696E-04 4.3367E-01 -2.4636E-04 ######## 1.0763E+02 1.0000E+00
1.9581E-01 3.5860E-04 -3.5570E-01 2.3384E-04 ######## 1.0553E+02 1.0000E+00
1.6852E-01 2.9550E-04 4.9725E-01 -6.9791E-04 ######## 1.0608E+02 1.0000E+00
-7.7503E-01 -1.0899E-03 8.7324E-02 1.4880E-04 ######## 1.0824E+02 1.0000E+00
-8.3235E-01 -1.3835E-03 -5.4569E-01 6.5477E-04 ######## 1.0832E+02 1.0000E+00
-2.1043E-01 1.1934E-05 2.0853E-01 -2.7489E-04 ######## 1.0745E+02 1.0000E+00
2.6893E-01 2.0667E-04 6.5258E-01 -5.5851E-04 ######## 1.0834E+02 1.0000E+00
-2.5976E-01 -2.6490E-04 -2.5455E-01 2.4555E-04 ######## 1.0884E+02 1.0000E+00
-2.0556E-01 -3.0643E-04 -2.3079E-01 4.5040E-04 ######## 1.0654E+02 1.0000E+00
Fluka simulation implementation: Phase-space approach
Primary Proton Beam
Ex.• 2360 Spot positions of different size• on 24 Layers- 24 mean Energy values• A significant and variable number of particles
for each spot position
Quite huge file (~5GB)
(~32 M particle)
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Fluka simulation implementation: Phase-space approach
Primary Proton Beam
SOURCE routine modifications
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Fluka simulation implementation: Phase-space approach
Primary Proton Beam
SOURCE routine modifications
Sequentially Reading OR randomly choosing from the phase space file?
Sequentially Reading Random selection
+ Sure to follow exactly all the particlesN of particles = N of primaries?!- stop and continue no, why?
How many events ?+ Stop and continue ok
AN HYBRID SOLUTION?
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Fluka simulation implementation: Phase-space approach
Primary Proton Beam
SOURCE routine modifications
Introduction of the variable Weight in order to consider the spot weight(Number of protons per each spot)
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Fluka Geometry Modelling
Patient geometryfrom DICOM CT scans
design of the nozzle
Fluka simulation implementation: Geometry
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Patient Geometry
Patient geometryfrom DICOM CT scans
DICOM CT scan and RT structures in Fluka
Fluka simulation implementation: Geometry
Need to modify head.inp and material.inp ?How?
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Design of the nozzle geometry
Drawing of integral (left) and strip (right) chambers made by DE.TEC.TOR
Company (spin-off Turin univ. and INFN)
Box1
Box2
Fluka simulation implementation: Geometry
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Patient geometryfrom DICOM CT scans
Fluka simulation implementation: Geometry & Scoring in Flair
ROT-DEFI card: to rotate patient geometry imported from CT scan (tacvox2.vxl) and place the isocenter in (0,0,0) Fluka ref. system
ROTBIN card: to rotate the scoring grid for USRBIN imported from RT DOSE (rtdose.vxl)
Different Reference systems :(IEC 61217 gantry coordinate system, DICOM coordinate system, Default FLUKA coordinate system)
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Fluka Geometry Modelling
Reference systems :
Fluka simulation implementation: Geometry
ROT-DEFI card , ROTPRBIN card
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Fluka Geometry Modelling
Reference systems :
Fluka simulation implementation: Geometry
ROT-DEFI card , ROTBIN card
Caterina Cuccagna
Flair Transformation Dialog :Beam2CTN= -Beam2CT (not directly available in ROTPRBIN card)
Preliminary first simulation (108MeV -SM (0,0)-beam at the exit of the last drift
Check of the beam from TRAVEL code in Fluka
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Output from the USRDUMP .datfrom the plottingsection
Preliminary results: Simulation in void
Caterina Cuccagna
Preliminary first simulation (108MeV -SM (0,0)-beam at the exit of the last drift
Output Fluka (from Flair interface )
Input Travel
Check of the beam from TRAVEL code in Fluka and test of the SOURCE ROUTINE
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Preliminary results: Simulations in void
Caterina Cuccagna
Allow a Fast check of the results
Obtained Sampling from the phase-space input file -1 mean energy 1 spot position
Output Fluka (from Flair)Input Travel
Preliminary first simulation (108MeV -SM (0,0)-beam at the exit of the last drift
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Preliminary results: Simulations in void
Caterina Cuccagna
Output Fluka (from Flair)Input Travel
Preliminary first simulation (108MeV -SM (0,0)-beam at the exit of the last drift
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Preliminary results: Simulations in void
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Preliminary first simulation (108MeV -SM (0,0)-beam at the exit of the last drift (without nozzle) on a water sphere R=20cm
Preliminary results & Conclusions
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Preliminary results & Conclusions
Import of the DICOM RT Dose in FLUKA geometry editor
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Preliminary results & Conclusions
Third simulation including the nozzle, on the patient geometry
Comparison between and Fluka dose (left) and TPS dose (right)
Caterina Cuccagna
WORK IN PROGRESS
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Summary & Conclusions
TERA is at an early stage phase of the FULL MC TULIP project for the FLUKA Beam application part
Next steps:
Optimizazion of the simulation: Selecting the useful particle in the input file
Study of the discrepancies between CO TPS vs TULIP Fluka simulations
Probably need of a TPS WS to resimulate the treatment plans and compare FLUKA results
Ready to test the new under development Fluka&Flair functionality for medical application (DVH, etc..)!
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Acknowledgments
Thanksfor past, present and future collaboration!
CERN FLUKA TEAM
Caterina Cuccagna
TERA and Hadrontherapy• TERA = TErapia con Radiazioni Adroniche (1992)
• Application of physics and computing to medicine and biology
• CNAO = Centro Nazionale Adroterapia Oncologica 1996-2000: Proton Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS) 2000-2003: TERA design based on PIMMS 2003: CNAO FOUNDATION (TERA + 5 hospitals) 2010: CNAO inauguration and first beam extraction
• CYCLINAC = Cyclotron + Linac 1993: first Cyclinac proposal 1998-2003: construction and test of LIBO (Eacc=15 MV/m) 2001-2007: IDRA design industrialization process 2008-2010: A.D.A.M. SA design and production of LIGHT First Unit 2013: A.D.A.M. and CERN agreement
04.12.2014 37Caterina Cuccagna
Main TERA References1. A. Degiovanni, et al., Design of a fast-cycling high-gradient rotating linac for
protontherapy, Proceedings of IPAC2013, Shanghai, China
2. C. De Martinis, et al., NIMA 681 (2012) 10–15
3. U.Amaldi, et al.,NIMA 620 (2010) 563-577.
4. U.Amaldi, et al.,NIMA 521 (2004) 512.
5. U.Amaldi, M.Crescenti, R.Zennaro, Ion acceleration system for hadrontherapy, Patent US 7423278.
6. U.Amaldi et al.,Ion acceleration system for medical and/or other applications, Patent WO2008/081480A1.
7. U.Amaldi, S.Braccini, P.Puggioni, High frequency linacs for hadrontherapy, RAST, 2009 111–131.
8. S.Verdu´ -Andres et al.,High gradient test of a 3GHz single cell cavity, in: Proceedings of the LINAC10,Tsukuba,2010.
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Thanks for your attention !
Caterina Cuccagna
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Backup slides
Caterina Cuccagna
The linac and RF system Side Coupled Linac (RF cavities π/2 mode)
Accelerating TANKS (graded structures)
Accelerating UNITS with space for PMQs
RF power supplies (klystron+modulator)
acc. tanks
space for Permanent Magnetic Quadrupole
0
00
waveguide
accelerating cavities
coupling cavities
General Framework
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42
RF rotary joints
1st prototype under construction at CERN
General Framework
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Fast active energy variation• Energy variation in the range 70-230 MeV obtained by electronics means
• Energy spread within 2 mm distal fall-off
Active spot scanning + multi-painting ( ≥12 visit/voxel ) with a 4D feed-back systems to follow moving organs
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General Framework
3D spot scanning with linacsfast longitudinal scanning: 8 msTumor volume
(12.6 cm diameter)
slice(3-6 mm)
Voxel grid4-10 mm
transverse scanning: 5 ms
beam spots(4-10 mm)
depth in the body
New magnet PS allows current
variation in ≤ 8 ms
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General Framework
Beam dynamics studies I
• Beam dynamics simulations performed with the code LINAC
• Simulations to calculate beam transmission and beam acceptance
- Horizontal- Vertical- Longitudinal
enorm,5rms = 2.3 π mm mrad
enorm,5rms = 2.0 π mm mrad
24 MeV 230 MeV
17/01/2014 - A. Degiovanni -Gantry Workshop
45
Methodology: Simulation for the LINAC- LINAC code
230 MeV155 MeV120 MeV90 MeV75 MeV
Vacuum pipe
x profile
y profile
46
Methodology: Simulation for the beam transport line-TRACE+TRAVEL
04.12.2014 Caterina Cuccagna