flow rate depends on: potential difference area (size of “pipe”) permeability (or...
DESCRIPTION
Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”). Water flows from high potential to low potential. High potential. Same high potential. Lower potential. A high flow rate generates lots of power. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Flow rate depends on:
• Potential difference
• Area (size of “pipe”)
• Permeability (or “roughness”)
![Page 2: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
High potential
Same high potential
Lower potential
Water flows from high potential to low potential
A high flow rate generates lots of power
![Page 3: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
In a water pipe:“Conductance” is proportional to AREA x PERMEABILITY
• Area (size of “pipe”)
• Permeability (if the water must flow around sand or gravel in the pipe)
The opposite of Conductance is “RESISTANCE”
![Page 4: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
In an electric wire or light bulb:“Conductance” is proportional to AREA x CONDUCTIVIY
• Area (size of “wire” or “filament”)
• Conductivity (the current must flow around atoms in the wire)
The opposite of Conductance is “RESISTANCE”
![Page 5: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Imagine water flowing in a “loop” or “circuit”
![Page 6: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Imagine water flowing in a “loop” or “circuit”
![Page 7: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Imagine water flowing in a “loop” or “circuit”
![Page 8: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Imagine water flowing in a “loop” or “circuit”
![Page 9: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Units:
• “Fluid potential” is measured in the same units as “pressure”
• The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal or “Pa”
• Pascals are tiny so we often usekilopascals or “kPa”
![Page 10: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Units:
• A useful unit for work and energyis the joule.
• One joule is about ¼ calorie.
• One joule is also the energy neededto move one liter of water through apotential difference of one kPa.
![Page 11: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Units:
• Power is “energy per unit time”
• Power is measured in watts
• 1 watt = 1 joule per second
![Page 12: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Units:
• 1 watt = 1 joule per second
• Lighting a 40 watt bulb for 10 seconds consumes 400 joulesof energy
• 1 kWhr = (1 kW)(3600 s) = 3.6 million joules
![Page 13: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Electrical Units:
• The stuff that flows is called CHARGE• The unit of charge is the COULOMB
• The flow of charge is called CURRENT• The unit of current is the AMP
![Page 14: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Electrical Units:
• The unit of potential is the VOLT• A potential difference is called VOLTAGE
![Page 15: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Electrical Units:
• The unit of energy is the JOULE• Energy is determined by • The amount of charge that moves• The change in potential of each charge
![Page 16: Flow rate depends on: Potential difference Area (size of “pipe”) Permeability (or “roughness”)](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062521/56816093550346895dcfba81/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Electrical Units:
• The unit of power is the WATT• Power is determined by • The rate of motion of charge (CURRENT)• The change in potential of each charge