florij)a -...

FLORIJ)A QUA.RTER LY

BULLETIN AG RICULTUR A L DEPART MENT

APRIL 1, 1913

tt'. A. McRAE OOM~U 8 SIO;x E R O F , \ OR ICUT...TU HE

TA LLAHA SSEE, FLA .

Part 1- ~:lc;;":lt:~/•;g Fee<lin9, CatUe 8 rtt<llng, and PU ·

Part 2-Grop Acrogu and Conditio ,,..

Part 3-Fenlllze,.,,, Feed S t11traand Food11 nd Dr11111.

COUNTY MAP OF STATE OF FLORIDA

PART I.

ARTICLES ON PIG-FEEDING, HOG CHOLERA,

CATTLE BREEDING ANO

PEANUT CULTURE.

PIG-FEEDING. ll\" -Hil l~ .\I. ,•WOT'.!'

.-l ui.,rnf 1,, ,/1111tn<1/i1r1 ""'' ,la~•~lu11 / 11i,·e, ,..,, .-19,i,·,rll"rfll £,r,1}erimcnl Slal/011.

Thi,;; lmlletin ,:ii;,,, Iii• · l''-'~u11~ of c.~J"!l"i nu•11I ,;; wilh «i{::h!y-~•eu JJig, .. \11 uf 111 ,•·••_. pi;;.~ wen· p1u'\:-l11·,~1 ll,•1·k• Fhhe1<, T hee;1:peri111,:u1 , W('ret--onduc 1;;:. l n- ,lirl<'tt'nl H'" ~•• n., o f the yeui·. 'i'he lN1f!th ur 1hc r. ,•,l i11 i; pniu,!s rn r i,•,lfrou,;;Ht,)11 -l day"

'I'll,; <x,H or prn,Ju,; i11 .; n 11<,1111,I .,f ]"""~ w:i, ili!len:111 \\ i1l, 11,c ,li lfcrcui 1·;,tiUuk, Th <: d u.:;q!l.• l put·k 1","8 pn•hw<..~ I :o t ;, ,..,s, ur ~ii,: :1n,t eigh 1-1c111h~ ,:,•n• • l "-' ' ' I"-"'" ''· 'l'I,. , feed, 11,.,..,1 iu 111·.,,lm: iu.; t~ i~ d .11,,,p i1<• •·I. \\t•I'(' ,h t:11,~I ''"l"ll :11,d ,-,n~t 1~• t:1 tu e,,c iu "'111111 1>. 11"!• h,r 11, ·ii,:lor. T hi~

,·xp,:rim~nt 11·us cv111luc1c, I ,l nri ui; -l mrn 1ry nud Fl'l,ru.i ty. J1 ndni; 1he 1hi1·r.1· ,l:iy1< the 1iigl! wtrc fed 11, c.1· iu:1,le ;t

,fol!.1· an,rn;.:c ;;,dn or 11 -G~ of a 1>0111111. c t· nn :i,·,,.-;ig,: ,!ai ly ;.: ni n fK!l ' LOIJII J><nm \1:- l in• w,::dgh1 of lj~:l 1>0111 "1~. 11 1·-,. 'l llired iH:! .7 ]JOH!ld ► .. r l\ •c ol lo m n1.:c, JI\O fi"""d~ .,r 1-'"i '" 1:--L'('> 'l' :i h!L'!< Xlll n11,l .'\J\". 1

The lUUl' I llll !! :lli~r:w lvl",I' liu:u,da l ,,;t m·n► \\"('11• ir, El

1~·1·in w11 l ll. In this ! ("tor n>ln,t l,e:,11_,, ln l h1• 1•~1. J:11•· :OHL,,_,. ,:tuu>. nml :-WL'l't ]'01:111.11!>' W(:r(! ll"-t.•tl . 1,,,1 I . Cull

~i~ rin;.: of fiH• pii,:11 f,·d 1eln.• t IJe:lns ' " ,1,., f"lfl. nm<i•· a :,:ai n ur ou ly :!.:; po11ud~ in ~ixt,,· ,1",w. J,.,! II. cvn~i~i i 11g- or th-., ['i;.::- r,,.J 1•qual 1•:•d ~ hy wei;.:li t .. r ,·~11·, •1· hcan~ i 11 l h<' pod m1tl .1a1r,; 111M-<· r am·. ;.:aiue,I ,,nl,, -1.:1 l "•ll tu '.►

iu ~i:i:1_1· ,l:iyi<. Lo t Ill , <.:nn~ist ing ,,( lh"e 1,ii;~ k•I ,,:,1,·,·t lieu111J u11 e (mrt and J II J)Uue><e caue tl\"O ]':ll"t~ l,_1· 11..-i ,:Ut. h:,,,t l .i µo uutl~ iu 11·e igh t iu sixly da.1·~- l .ut J \ ". C<0!l · Mi ~Ci11g or lll·c pig,. f(!OI -lu prm e~e C:1 111!. loH (jJ INIU1-I< lll weigh t iu ~i11r day~. Lot ,-, con~l~1iag of fi l'e 1,i.,:.: k-1 n !l,·e1 \M.!Ull ij in the JJO<.l lllHI $\l"l'Ct 1--11 :0 1,-.e~. ,~111:1 1 , .;,1·1;;

by weight , gniued o nl ,,· 1:!.3 JIOuntli< in ~in_1 ,l,1_,·, Ta lol t'>- II! :o nd ! \ .. t

' l"hi~ ~lww,. cle,...i_,. 1hnt none vr 1hese rnt i-,u~ \\e J,• ~ati~fll c1 ,w.1·. Yeln11 ~u11~ iu the po.J. " I.te n r,,J a lr,ue g,,,·e hetlc1· ~ nu,. Ihm, .111 ,1· of the u1he1· c,~mhina,i .. u ► It •~ e,· ideo t froni tile~e l'ftllllt~ ii.tat Japa11, •►(• ,·:111•· i ►

not a gootl fct1l for porii vroJuction wh-,n 1,-,J ,11 .. :1-, Nei the r wn~ i t ~:1ri~facto1·.,· when it 111,1,h; 111• :1 , 11111,-!, ,1• one-half nf the ratiou

l u l~X l"' l'imeut l , whe 11 ► h.--11<?<.1 ,: .. rn. 1-,1,-,1 l,c,uu , i11 ,:,t pod, and J upuoe,.e c:me wne fe1I. i<;llil<fnc10ry i:,1i 11~ were o01:1ined. •rite co~t roe,· J101rn ,l .. r ~n in wa~ eigh1 ,1 n,1 .,ix lenths CCII I~. 111 1hiij ll'ti t i t ,..,.,1,l rc,1 l 100 l!0Hll<I~ ,,( fe,.-.J !O m:11.:e 100 pOlllHl ~ <of µn i11. 'l'hl ~ lnr;?e \\'(-\,:ht .. r

feed 11·.1ij ,tnc to lh <' -1:i pane"C cnnc. ( S<-e Ta1,1,-s I :ind H J.

In Esperlmeot IIT, I.or I , fe,l !!helleJ C"l'n ouh·. 111 .i,lt a tlail y :,;11 \n per 100 polnH]ij lh-e we ight c,f U l''"mrl.•. Tht: Cll~1 )M' I' J'"Hll• l nr _!!'O ln W;H rlµ ht CP H1>. 1" ,.p l'\"l' I",~

100 JJOlmd" ()( J!n in Jll'O•ln,·.--,\ it re(!lllre, l J l G l'Ollll•l~ of fee!I . 1.,., I I. fe,I ~lie lk-.1 corn mul cn ll nln•t l,e.111<. "'lunl pn r! ~ b." 11·1:i;.:ht, m,uh• a n n,-e ,~(J!C tln il.1· ;!rlin 1~•r 1000 poun rl.s lin• weiµht or 011ly 3.'.l po1rn(l,._ \\' i tli thi~ .--r, rn. bin:11io11 .. r ft~ olR it c.-,,.r rt•n <'.1 '1111' to nw!;e n f'"Hn• I , .f ;!llill. aml ii l"C<Jn i r~·d ; r1; 1"'' "' I~ nf ft-1'<1 10 mnke i/10 JI01111,l~ of !!n in. I.Ill 111 . f.:,11 l'<J'llll l'rlrl~ h_t" we i:?h• of ~hell1Jtl Porn. ,:nil 1eh·N l~•:111~ ;oml ~hort~. n,:ule nn :i•-~raµe dnil _v .c:niu Jo<-r JflOfl pDun<l• !h·e wt•i~h r 11f .1_; pr .. m•k The '""~ ' p(' r 1)()111ut nr .c:n in willi thc•e f<:,:•, 1" l\":I~ n ine cents. W ith thi~ enmhi nnl i11n i t 1'('(JUiN' 100 rnun,1~ or ;?;1 i11- I.M n· .. -~• r,-,t t he

aarne a1; Lot 11, wit l.J l l.t t> a J Ji t iou of g reeu aor~bum. 'f h is ra t iou p roduced a J nil.,- g nin of -Ui pouml~ J!et· !Lun~:md pouud~ li\"e \\"eigh t. The cvs t Jll.! r pou ud of g11i u was eight cen1~. 11 1·t><JUired ll!S pounds of feed to mn\.:e 100 J1011ud~ o f gAiu. When ll'C n.:membt,r that ?i:!O IJOUutl11 of thi s h1 ,i:n.'<!n !lOrghuw, the total a mount will not seem !;l, eJ:eN!sh-e.

{..'O)lPOS IT ION OF T il t ,\ Xn! A I~ l:lOOY AND A:N IM A I, PHODUC'l'S.

fn ,·cstiga1u1"le' h1we fonn1I thnt 1lie lJOdin of a n imals, as v.·ell ns 11nim11I J'ro,h1elij, 111'1, muinl_,. mnde up of 111e fol· lowiug gro up of ~nh!•ln nCM<: \Ya1er, a~h, protciu. and fat. Thel<e ,m1ll!rnu,~ onur in the :rni1111ll IIOIIJ' in NOUJl.h

" ' trnt var.v ing 1>ro1.ort iouJ1, ,lCJll'mliug 1110011 the ll_!ie, con d i tio n. 1rcHmeut 11 ml other factor!!. Wnrer is nu el!SCU· t inl con~ti tueu l or the :inimnl bo,t_,·. 11111\ ,::owj)Olleij fMm 40 In Gt) IX'r ceut . of the lini " ·eight. ,\~h o<!Cll l'l! mostly 111 lhf' houe~, a n•l form,; from ~ to I pe r cent . of 11m lire ,r,•i;!ht. 'Jhe r111 oee11n'!< iu greatl _,. rnry iug proJJOl'· tivi:~. l ,ni rm·el.r cun~tit m C>< leAA thnn G JM:• r t"<!lll, or 11101,,

th :rn :10 !«.' I' C('UI. l' rotein inehtllt.'11 mO>! I or lho~c Mllh 1trnnre,a which ,•0111,,iu uitrng<.'11 iu thei r Nmpo,.ition. Jt i~ HIL i1111w, rt:llll ;?1'<111!•• nu,I i~ 1:ir;el_;· pl"Clltnl In le,m 11u\1 L The ll"hite of e;;g~ a l~" consist nrn i11ly of p1'Qtei 11 1111,l w:,ter . In i l11 pu re l< fllt<' proteiu co11t nin11 nbont 16 pe r ceut . of n itrogen. The 1le~h, i11ternnl .. r i,.~rn,; . brn ius nnrl ne1'l't"', c<'rn h1iu :1 l flrge proportion or it

COl l POSJT ION OF F E.EU~

l ' l;rnt s al~n con la iu l'l·:1fl•r. nsh. rnr amt prott'in. Ju n,h\itim, to these the p!nnt,. which coo,p•»e the food ,)( herbi1"Urom1 nnlmnl~ c<•ntniu a g ro u p or 1<11 NJ1nnccr; ea1!1,d cnrhoh:r,h·ntt'~ f~ t:11~heij , ~l•):n"". ete. \ whieh may be COO· q •N r,1 i11to fat o r energy.

\\' ,1TI,;H.-.\IJ fuoll ·bllllr,;, ... ) m :1tt., 1· hull ,Ii-_, 11«•.I In.I ~

~,!l:: 11 1, contaiu a ..,,,1, .. id,:n1lilc .1111,.um uf w,11,:1•. I n ;.r.,ni; au, l ,h-y feeds rlt r "n 1.., 1· 1·,111;; ,:o frl•Jn ;J t v i.; l"-'1· n ·ul. .,f

th \; ll llll\0ri.1l; ill g1~•,·11 f1>1"H); t· :,n,1 si ln;;e ii ;. ;1l>nll1 '" 1~-,... -tlll. ; whi le i n ~umf• 111! ,cr·~ a u ([ !l,•~!i~- l"u••!> rh-, "•• lt l

rench ei:, " ~ high ;i~ \)ll [ -C l' Ct!ll!. \\"aHt,1• I~ .,-. .,u 1i.:l tu :111i111al li f,., and iu fond il f ulfill,- !ht• .•a rn,· lm"· ll• :. ;1 -

1h,11 tlr1111I.. h,1· rht• auirna l. I n ,··:1k11 lati 11 g t h~ r •• ,.1 ,:d11.,

of n11y f,-f',liu;: "'"1 ..,1 ·hll 1h,• w:11er .,, ,n rniue,\ i•. ,, f ..,,,111·-c. 11, ,t1,>1;,•11i111u,·,,11 .. ;,J,,1·:i1i,,n

. \ sn.- Wheu H root] s1t11r is hun,.,d un t il 1hu ni-;;:i nk

ma Ht>r l~ all <lri1eu vii'. ti«· i-,·s id ur is !he 11.,I, Ir i~ c,,m-1~}1!1.'<] Jar.1e l_1· of Ji 111c, ma;:-ne.,ia, IIOl:i~h, sul1,h1n·k aid

plm11phorle ll<'i&I, au ,J :1 f('W u t he r uxiU e,., T ht n~h uf th~ foot1 ls the som-ceof the 111ine,-nl m:i11er found iu 1!Je uuiuml body, und 118 such J;, of im 1Klrtn11,·e. (,1·,l in,11·y

combinations of reeding srnfr,., bo\,e, er. 11•11.111,•· ,,,urnin :111 nhuu(]:rnt ~npp l_,· uf rniun ;il ma 11..,1· , ,.,. 1l0• 11, ,. ,,f rl>t ,111i11 1al: "' ' th i~ is 11,,t c,f 1,,u ,1 P1 1., 1,,,,. ,, J c, •1·11. "~f•c-1 ,t a, ii J,;1,., ,1 l.,·a l"i11;.:- "II , 1,. ,- 1, i,., 11: s

Mfer11li1y in ti>r m,111111-r.

l-'.11~ Thi ,; cl ;,s>< .. r s uh~lalH t'('~ i11 d 11, ),>,< 11 , .. fa1 in 11,('

OIC:11 ,,r l,unrr 'llhld1 " ': t•:11. Th ,• l'''"l"'tli.,u• ••I fa 1 ill f,, • .-,!i u:,: "mil'" 1a r.1· within wil l,, limit•. 1 ....... ,,.r"l. ,.,.,..,,11,: :l11<l 1hei1· h~· 1,r. .. 11,c1- C"1t lain 1w ,1·,· f;11 !h,oi, ,. _,,, ....

fnd,Ter-. 1-t,·:nn r .. 1, rni u I<·,~ fat 1h :<n Ii:,_,,. Tl,., ·''"'"11,, nwying fro 111 OTl!'lia ll r ,., I'll< · ,1 .. ,) a ha lf 1•·1· •'•· 111, H ll t

li1t h.' f,i f l~ foun ,I i11 t il l' ,11·,1· lllaf1,•r .. r r .. ,. ,. , ,1· 1111,,., .• C"rn a1ul nat~ ;•., 11111in fro:u r,rn r 1.-. rt,·~ . 1, l,i\ ,, ,.,., , .. n

O'(.'t'd 111e:1l ~"f'l nf ai11~ from t•i:,,:h f tn !Wt' I'" ]'(cl" •"f'\1 1 . .,f fat.

u.,lll<OH\"l>lt.lTI~~. '!'his .-In .... im·lml"" ~hlt<·h. •11;:!:0r. ~11,U

nnd othe r min,w ~1 1l1S1n n,•, -<c. mu] nl~n tl1<· til~• r nr \\•H•,l.~

1~11·1 of pl:wtg. Tiu• lir~I nr,· ,1u i1t• fr, '<'I.• d i:!,•-rr~ I: rh e

],i~t ,~ much !e,.~ ~. 1h,,n:;:h fu lfi!lin;:: th,,""'"'' f1111,·1i .. n .1,

fnr n~ it is rli:;:o:str;l TI,, , rn rh.,l,~·• h ·rnr• ~ .. 11 , 1i111r ,. tbt-

1nr1,:r><t 1s1rt nr 111o~t l"(•.i:1• t,\l, \r ron,l~. Ti, ~, 11 " 1 ,t,, r~d

in 1he lto,.l.1· a" guch, i.111 nre couvened i11cu r,11. v,· u,,,.-,1

1,, l""'"hwc h(•"t ,1 , .. 1 cu1:rg_1. :-;)nee th e ,: .. u ·L,u l!.nl1·a1c"'

Hl"I f,,i,. ~C 1·1·c IICHl'I\ 1h(, ~am,• JHll 'J ~'~ io the auiau,"\I

bud_,-, ,1,,._,. '"".'"· for c,rn1·cuic11cl', 1Jc,1.rou11C.J ,.,i,:erher

l•'. x1n i,. ,.,,1 t~. t, m,,•,·H. tinn, ~1u,w11 thHt far ,"~:, foo<l, i" :o!Julll IWv :11ul vm:•f••u rlh l illll'>' " " •• ITr,· ril ,•, Wtii,:-ht fnr l\"t•i ;:hr , a>< :,r, , lh<.' ('111"1~,h.nh·nl('>'. '\'Jon i jg, 1111,· 1••11ml ,,f fm will 1u·,~lun• :, 1,. ,111 "" ruuc h h l'nt , ,,. l' lt'l 'J.l.' ;o;. 1wr,

nnd o ,w~1na rw1· 1""111<1" or ,·m·l .. ~1.,·,.ha,h,,.

l'm,n:,x.-~Thc 1,1·ut('in .. r f(., ,,1,., li kt• 1h" 1 or tl,r .i1ti111al [J,,.]yis d ,n,w·lt.,1·i1,e,l h,1· .-.,, ,1, ,i,.in,: 11 ir1·, ,;:e1 1. )1 is, 1l1,·1·e •

f,,t~•. i11 ,· l 11, led i u wh,1 1 i~ lt:l"IIH" 1 ··u il!·u;,:,•uu:is 111 a i1••1• Th1' r ,11,.·1i...,u of 1,n1 l1•i11 iu the (oo, I i, t\1·~ 1 ,,f :il l In huil.J

111• ' "'" ri~suc m,d ,._,,,.,ii. 1he ,,.,.,·king umch iu,·n .. r 1he 1,.,,1y, ~11• 1 ,., ~up1 ,1.,· 111n1cria l for lht! l'l~•d11c111,u ur u,ill.:.

'"'"I. 11,n,-cJ,,, "'"l ,~•1•air .. r .,,.:;:~ ns. So 01hn r .... ,1 ,-,,n •tiln('lll ,·,11, f111 1ill 1hi~· r,,,,..,;,.,,,

~iu, •t, II«- auirn nl 1"'''·•· ,ind nil aui111:1I )'l "n,luc-ts an, ,•., 11q .,,,.,! nf 1111• "''" "' ;:•·•"'I' ,,r ,nh~tnu e,"' n ~ f<Hul , 11111'" ,,,,,, 1ai u. 11,, l1m,• :I lo:<>'i s ,,1, \\"h i,·li 10 IH•;:l11 Ill\' l"t•~ din.~· ,,t'

n 1, i111:i1,. 1:atir>11al r,~•d in;: ., f au im: ,I,, ;,, 10 •11ppl_1 1he,c

d ill',•1·1·11 1 1•1(•1 11,·111>' in , u11;,. ;, ,111 ,p1n,,ci1_1 :,u I ill l hP f'r" llt'I'

lll"••1••rl i"11>' r,-r 11 .. , 11<·•••1" ,,r lhP m1i111n r ,, l~H I)• Thi., iltf t1 ]1; 11 i, kllnll 11 ,,.~ a l,:01,rn,-etJ 1,11 iu11. \\·,, ,.1,..,11<1 110!,

.,,. , """"I . ,•xr~·•·• ''" ,rnirnul ,., ;:1~,w nn, I •l""'l,'l' :o<' i,

.. 11;:l , 1 UHi•'"-' 11"" ~111 •1 -1., ii wi1l, 11 .. ,, ]'f<>[WI' llllH\11111" .... r 11,,. ,n,r,•:o•n1 ,,,,1.,.1:11,,·,,, i i • 1,.,,1_,· n,,.,,1,. !'h en ' i• 11" "Ile hn;: r.,,,<[, , •x rr1,1i11i,: 11111 k , thn l ~lljJ]•lil'>' ul l nf the neeess u 1·.1· 111J1 1·i.-11i, i11 rl1t• ,·.,1 ·n•, ·t 1·,n i o . lt ; ,. 11.-c,,s,.a1·y. 1h1,,-.;r .. ,·r·, I" !l>'I' a u,i~ l 111·1- .,( IW n Hl' mn1•r f ,,,,.Js I" ;:c•r 11,_,

l,,'1<1 11'1<1111~.

111 "'·lc~·rin ;:. nllll l'"lllhinin~ f"('l!s iii~ nn! <>nl_.- n.-C<.,:;s11ry

1,, 1;1k,, info ror,~t,J(' r nti"" !ln:.-ir <'"'" l"'~l rfnr,. 1,111 :, l~o t]u, I,· , li,:;.=!il , ilit y n,ul J•:1h,1nhilir.,·. It i~ t\"n l"~P thnn use.

1"1'• 10 :;:in • au :1nimnl n fnru l 1hat ~mrnol 1>1' tlii,:P <!Pd, nnd llllf' th:11 i~ 1101 p,il:,!;,hl,• will not J.,, P;11rt1 i11 ~11nic i,•1l(

(JH:ontit_\".

JO

l!O\\" TO C. \I.C[L\TJ:: R.-\TlO:',i-

F1·u11 1 th,· tal,lc wh ich .,f ,ii,"e•I il, • 1111tric111~ i u 1he n11·irn1s ,n~ ,·:in w,,1·k " 1)1 "

l,al,,11cc, 1 rn1i • ► U. 1'01· C'X:111,pfo. ~ll['(H•~(• w .. ,11·e fo..-,1i 1.~

ilim cum I:!. ~w«t po(a1oc~ 1:!, ootton.~e.-d meal 1. 7.~,. an ,l cowpcns,; J1<.>1 11td~ ]'Cl' dny, to t1nd 1hc amount of 1,1ntei:1 iu l:! pounrisofcnrn, we(ti\"ide 1he ntnount in l''" 1""""1-(the percenhge) lJy 100. and mnl tipl_r l,_1· l:!. au,\ We will thus get the follo1•dng rcrnlt~:

If we then arrange these result~ i11 anothet t:1h le we lrn1·c

11

Oue l•IIIIH I of f:lt iii e<1unl to ~.2;; JIOUllllH or carbohytlrM~N: lherefore, we <:au re,Jnee the rat to curbohy<11·11tee Ii.I" n1111ti11lyi11g o;r;: r,01.mcla or fats by 2.::~ anil the r l'l!u lt 111. 1.73 .. \dding l\Jia to 1he carboh_vdra1e9, we get 15.t>a \I0\111,J~ total carbohydrattt. nfriding 1he total carbo· b_vdrnte11, 15."3, by the total protein, 2.55, gh·ee 6.09. The nutriri.-e ra tio then IH one 11.1rt protl'in to (i.11!1 IH\rt~ carboh~·drat('ll, and is. written 1 :G.O!l.

,\n t one of 1he r.-,11owing ration~ ~houl,J he fnund Ml• f1<facto,._.· for fa 11 c11in:t ho;..,.. The <JIIC!'lion of co11 will, f>f cVm'>'t·. eute•· i111r, rhe ~••leelion of :i r.1tioo. It ,..ill be fnu11,I Oeect!!!.llr,.-. ioerh~p,t. tn e!!-timate rlw M~t of the difrerenl~ fee,ts mul 11ee which wi ll be the mnH I economical

'" 11~,·

I l>N>te h1 Cftrhbyd. Fa~

li!;n I~ ~~-.:. .. : . : .! ro,•r· Po::i~s Po::~ITiff-Dt,·arr i::-~ ]"3J)e • • •• ] 21 f O.S0 !.(>! 0.05

Totar - - ... ~I o· -7 U.65 I 1.1 3 i"iut r lrl,·P. rntln. 1 ,~.fl

,_•.: :·I

IL•.• i , <7 ~-"

J• ,..-~ l""<J,h,..1 irn , i11 Fl,,1·i,l.i ;,. 1,., 1 1·,· ,·,·h·l1,;.: 11«· ;lt !te ll , i,.n it dese r·,·e~. ,\I 11,., 1a·,·,"1" 1i11t,· rl"'l"L" ur,, 1-~1·)1ap•

n h:,1r u,illi,,11 hc:uJ or llf,b'>' iu lh t• ,-: 1,.te Thi• 1111111!,e1·.

bOWl'\t'I'. dot_'l' DOT !!UJ•J'I,,· llw ,lo,mmhl fu r llo.•l·I.:. F in_,. p,c r ttnr . .. ,. 11, ,-,r.._., .,f t l1<· po.-1, r-.. 11 ~11mc,1 in F l,wi,t:, i~ 1,ru ,lnr•·•l iu ~t"l l'l' f;1 ,·t lll' 1· n ,wth. F l,wl,la f:11·u,,..1· ~ ,·11 t1 ce1· • rniul ,,- p1•u,]11,·c l"•l" k ui.,1 •,:: Cllf' aJ>ly 1111111 11,e •'O~I uf l •l"O· ,ludiou ••l~c.,i.e rc 1,hi;;. tl,e rr,•i:,rhr.

T" 111;11,:,• •In: l:11·;;:e~t 1,r.-.tit fr,.111 1,ng~ the_,. ~boul,I he 1,u

<111 11, ,;, u1, 11•ki, t nt the y111 ,11 ;.:,·~t l"*~i l,li, "f::'' · .\ l, 111.r of th{' L-' l .. r i,l ;o lw:;:~ a 1·,· frotn ou,• _,,..,1,· t"" ,r ,· ,11· and a half

11ld 1,..f,,1c 1lu'." n1·i, l'l'al •l.1 ro t· n>:o>·k,·1. Th,· l" l,,d,Ja\ um,·• k,•1 ,J..,nmut~ a It o:;: 1lrnt will w,•i ;:-h 1;::; tu u ;u 1~•1111tl ~

;~,:::::;',~~ '~~ .;,~:I, ! ~~~:~ ::,: 1 :a~.' I~~-1 •~;;~;1:•;,'d i ·;e,~·-~;,,'.' ·,I~::~ to n .,·e:11· r1 1111 n h '1 lf, the r i~k nf 1v~~ n11d the r o~I , ,I' rc~l 1 .. 0,: .. n,(' ''"' ;.:N_•'11 to ,l"if'li] ,, ., .,. ;<~><11l'l!II l'l'Otif . l•';, nner>< l11 lh t• (~•tu flf'"lt, "h, ·1 ·,• 1ho., ,1,·111'111,I i>< for h,,;:~ wo.,i,:h in i:

ftuon :!011 1 .. ;:.·,o 1~•1111.i~. ha, ,· ; l, c,i,• h,'l,:'s r(':1,ly r .. r " '"r l.:el flt 1t i11,•111 onlh><ln"11e_,-Mrur;,;:,· .

Th t'I"<' i~ 0 10,, """"' "" ' i1t11' 1'..C•>< in11 i\ lllOII!,!" mn11 _, fan11 er>< thaH 1hc, ho::- i~ a 1<oi·t ,, r "'''"-""J.!<'I'. rlrnt ,my ,-.,r..,e \\"ill ,1., r .. r i1 M .,;11. nud ,my rllrh_,- 1~·11 will ,,., r .. ,. 1t In lfre

in. l l i~ 11-m• th ,11 h",!:-~ ,],. nft••n :1r1 ;\,< se;••·.-11 ;: e1"' . .iod ul,n th,il lhf'_,. ,·am lil·e iu 1ll!l.t_,· p li< ~l"' . l»H t ht•~ eomli 1i"ll' ,, ,.,. _!f'm•1·a ll_,, h,·,rngh l nh<1111 wh,,11 1h, · an i11rnls hm·e

nu ..i,,.;,.,, in 11,;, mntr,·r. II,,;:~ :111• uo t 1 :1t1m 1ll ,1· ii lH ,.1· a 11i111ar~. lmt 1h(•_,· Hn ! r;1rnhl.-. nf ,•'\"istin;: nn,l.-..· nn,a n

iln ry r<>mlition,.

l 'I•::-: Fl':lC[)I.X, : l'',° l 'l:n r TT.\B l. i: .

1f "e :,rf' to g,•1 the lnt;.:'ei<! 1"'><.•i hlf' 1..:!11r111< from r:ii~ing h o;?" it "· ill ht• r"uml no>r <•s;<.'lt_\" I<> rn:tl e 1he lu~>< 1~• .•· for th r lr l;('{'p. !Im,· r nu thi1< h<' tl"""~ 011,-. .. r d i,, l>f' ,t n·n _r~ will i.,, j., iu~ i~ t 111 1<>11 il u•10, hurn•s t ir1;: 111,: l'!'Of,t;;

J,!l'OWII fo r fO!t'd. 'l'li r <"<1~1 of h:11·,·(,;;l in;? fl, ., n1rit>11 ~ crops a,1,1~ •'"ll~i,lf'rHht,\· !O , .. .. ,~ .. 1 or l'l~W! nl'f i(lll. Thill, in :t

men~n l't'. C!!: l)lnin1< the hlj,! h l'O!<T o f prod uc tion ,-·h.-.n \\·e

lry to r:ii litl llog,_ h) kt<t,1,iug 1heU1 iu ~,ual\ i,eu-. \11,.,1" tlw)- m~ ke1it iu ,;:rnnll 1-cns we do noi ool_,- Ila,., t•• !J:i r -1·est aud curry the fe ... ,l h• them. but in m:iu.,· ,,;i,~. 11e

are oblii;:ctl to cm·1-_,· itll the wal er wli idt 1he.1 .J,· i ~~ 'l'he,-.;forc we i;houhl ui:ike Ille hog~ hn,·,·'-"'! t n• 111.1 , ... r lheCnl ll8 1l8iRp1':tCticub le.

I n till' ~lll Pll !ICU it i~ impr,,.•·ilol(' 1 .. l.ft-j• ,1,., ,,u·w:d~ antler ~mii1:1r_v wu,Htion~. H 1lwy ;ire ll<>l 1.~1,1 111"1._.r healthy ronrlit iou~ wc :11-._. i nl"i ti n~ 1\i~e.1,ce 10 vi.;, ·l, t her,!. whidi me;rn~ n big lo;,,. ins1cu<l of a pr .. t11. h "·ill alw he rou nd that ilof~ \\"ilJ u.--.1 111:1te as r:1 1,i,l l! r""'b while teJ,t shut 11p in &mall pens o~ \\"he11 gi,·en the , . .,n u!n ij1J111l!firld

f'ROOS INO .-\ II IH:ED.

'f lwrc are 1m111.1· !Jt·l'i!d~ or hu;i,-. ~umo: breed • nre 1,.., ro: r mlup1e<l 10 certai11 e lirnalie C01HJitiu11• tb:in ,,rb~l' •. F o r l•·1odd:i t!Jcrc m-c ~e1"C1-al l>ree,ls 1hm will bo: f .. n1 ,.J

F :no1cr~ \\"i~iling lO prud ll l~' p ... 1·k ~houltl rttf-e C, -,-~. 1!11i ,..,s, l 'olm1tl <.:Lim•~, Dnroc ,Jenic.,·~ . .1n,l Es,c~. Tl,,- •,: Wi ijl,i ug lo [ll'O•lt1Co; louf'Oll 8h,, u! ,1 rni~•• Il;lt11J,.•hi1•~~ .,c, I Tnn,w.,r• h~. .-\ hog that iij r :ii~,-,1 r,n· ['11\"k aloru• ,,r r.,1• b,w.,11 nlonl' is ,unre 1,r ,.fltablc 1 .. us chnn .. nt' ,Lar r.ii,;e,l r .. r 1,,,rh p,,rk :rn,I lo:il..-•11. lu ;~no:n1t. n .. 1·l, l.1 ,., L di tious n1•._. u,ure fanll"i1hl,: f,.r l"'!'k 1,,-,.,],,,·,i"" th,n, · .. 1 ban'll .

l a ~dc-c1i11g a \J t•eed r,, r l' l,,1 i,l a 1·,,uJ,1i""~ it

fount.I f1d1•isa l,l,-. not In ..cl....-t a \\hlw "H•·. ,1, ch~- .. ,'., , nol d" n~ "·ell iu u ur clim:ue ,,. rh (' !.lack ur 1,-,l l,re,•.J, \\'lti te ll< >J..'S S llll ·~f•;1l d ~:l~tly .111 ,l 11<','onl{' ,c111·f_1" ,1 u,] ma nµ__,.. \Y h1:n iu ~ud, n crm'1 iti •J!I ll.1H ~;, 1111 .. 1 l, e , x peeled t,> grow nnd 1l1•.,ilo11 a~ th r;r \\""ul,l ir lt,·al!hy. lf gl\"en 11n 11bundnncc .. r ~hn,te mul "·,un· ,ir nll 1in1e;; r!J.-re i~ le«I' 1tou li le h 'OllJ 1hi8i;on rcc.

U"wnc,·, the ~eleeti<Ju uf 1be bi-eed is a 1icrM11t1 I 1m,t• tcr. .\ persou shuuld ehonsc the one he faoe ie~ mns t and whid, will J>ruduec tl.w r0<ull~ he dcsireS· It m;iy l>e that the ll uroeJerseywillmcet withyom· ,w1 ••·01·;1.l

1,vhile

)'0\ll" 11eiglt lJ.o1· /lC l"OSS the 1·u:1tl wilt Sil? th nt 11 ,e LIH ~

ehfrc is t he OHl_l" l,i·ec,l fo 1· hin ,. Thi,; i~ 110C<Hl ',</ be h:1s hat.I hcHer 8 llCCf'!!.ll with tbe llerkshil"e, a::id i ., pr .. 1. ,h ly l)()!tCr !ClH/•Cl';lnlCl\t nlly ml.11 1,col to that br(_>{\(I. Thf' l'C• fr,re sclecl Ou:) breed yon like best. b:1r1· ing the wh i1~

CH.\ l• IX• ; IT'.

"l'h(l t.1i~C1[1J!<:!ll r a uce or nni u, pro1·e,I bloo<l I:)_~ the ~nu tinuous u~e of p ure-bred s ires is ~hown in th(l cu~\ J\11,,1·; wa_,. i11 Ille followin~ lnbl<'

Sires Pet.ot

Pu,.,breed

'"" '"" '"" mo ,oo

""'

Dains Pct.of

Pnret, reed

" so

'" , 1.5 93.15 1·6.87

:2~[;L so

" 87', 93,7~ ,6 87 9~H

H_,·r,,H hc1ica1l!y the otf~prjng frn1 n t l1 e .0 i~1h ,'.Cnm·nti ,,n will li111·e ,-crniued on the a,·cr:1:.::e l.:';.\ 1><:: r c,:u t of 11 11i111-1•nwcd blood from the f>ril!'.inn \ tlam 01 · tlw '1 nm <>f Hf> \Jrt~ding. (Thi ,s ;, pplics only l<• 1he aw1";1;.-c of la r;.-e uumbcrs, nntl ,locij nt ,t applr to ;udil·idi:nl~.}

The breeder must l •r• 1·,· ,:oinded tha t 1o J·rt•d11ce tl:e liigh s •·nde no olher ~ire il t: 11 1 a pur·e-hre,l ""'-' of the bree<I se lecte,l cau be used. No progress will I~ nccrnupl ishc,1 b.1· ns ing n grnde, ~eruh, 01· eros,.:111-cd ~ire. ~or ea1u 1wogrt'!<l, toward crentnal purity of l,loo ,1 be made h.,· 11.sing pure-bred sires of olilferc1ll \Jrer>ds fnl' ea c-1, ~ rn~~ 01· nc tn sional cross. Oru,liog-up n1e;1n~ 11~iu;:- n f'Ul'C IH"ed ~ire fo1• the firs t cross nnd ro uti nuou.•ly no~~iui: lh~ fe11n 1lr

oll's]1ri11g wilh J•lll'~·lll"<!<J sir,:>< vi th ,: lll'c,·,I lh" t •t•I,·, , ... i,

u ulil all iu1p11r,.• 1,1,,n,J lt:i• l><"-'H l"·m:1irnll.1 hr(·,I .. ,u .

I t is n ul IK..,.,,.,n ,·y r.,,. 1h e fn 1·111 ,•i- "!," is 1,i-, ., 1, w :, ,~

1••d; r .. ,. i i,,, 111;1r~ ••I lo kt'\•J• a hn-.,,l lu,: t, .. i-,1 ., f ,·~ ;: , ,. .,.,., l "''""· .\ h•· t·<I .. r hi;:h :,rad('.~ " i l l ""•" •· r 11,, · ! •11·;• . ,.

11 ,:,ad ,,· "" wdl ,111,! ilw.1 ~" " 1,. , 1•11 i-d1;1-, ,, J :1l a

,:l,ca1••1· 1·J\h·. Th,·"'"' 111qo1,t'l,mt 11,iu;: •• rlt,11 rl,.- i.,. ,.,

er 11.-.," pm-e·lm.-,t ,.,i,-e. 1r ht:! 11111,1 .,1 :i r1 " i rh ,. 1,..1,! . ·

iur,:rinr ""'~, 1i., n 111 11-e•h r·,:d ,i n , 11 ,dll ,. nl,1

"qlll'><li"u ,.f nw• 01

h<·nl "' ;:,,o,I gra,11·~· yc:I H!Hll til lu• ui ll I,."·,

T l,., id ,•:,] form r,,i- 1· a i, in:, IWJ!• i, ""'' 11, :1; " ii; al H 11lo n1 11!i111<·e .. r ,h:i,lr, wi,1, l'H<l\l\.:lt 1,-, .. 1, l'"""i ll'~ ""' ' 111nl iu ad,li 1iu11 ,1 lihernl umr,111 11 ,.f ;: r:1Y. 1111.: !1 ,n,,•

""t ]I(' ]" '""ihl ,, 1,1 li11,l n11 ,,r 1h, ,,,. ,., ,,,,1; , ;,..n, 1w 1111 ·" ! .'

i u om• fi i·l ol , lonl lh•'.V cm, he s ll [• p li<'ol ;ir" ,·011,1 ,:1 rn1i r,.i. 1<111nll "11 t la.,. ~h:1,I,• ,·n n h,• rm•ni ►h ,• I i11 :1 ~i. .. n 1i11, ,·

plarnt i ng ""Ill" 11nid;!_,··;:l•) \\illg n ... , .. , ..• 1 ..... 1,1,,.i·y I ' uc,-e,,. s;11•.,·. ~"""' Hlll lll;lls 111"." 1 ... :::,1· .. wu r .. :· tl11· Ill, , ,·,. , !

m,ti l rh., 1~·rnu,11,·111 1,l"ntiHj!• 1,,,, • .,,.,., l. ,r:::. , · , .n .. 11 a i

~111,1,1.,· 11"' ►hmfr , If 11,,,,.,.. i~ 1; .. 1 :dn n , t,. ;1 - •11l;, ·: .. , ;IIJ1 0 1111I .,r w :1 1,,1· " ' lnrn ,1 , it ~:Ill 1 .. , , 11 1•1•l i,•,l l,1

, luwr, :, wt•II :11111 cl't'l· l in;: u witult11i11 .. r i11,rn lli 111.: a .:;1•• •

Hue t'Uj!iU(•. T ht' ► 11 1 •1•1,, .. r fn.,_!, "n1,•r i • ;1 ~ ill lj ••rl /l lll

to lhe Wt' lfnn• .,f 1li r• li n::: ;1 ~ i~ 1h !· ,:,·;1 i 11 µ:iwi,. 11 ; , 1<·~11 l.11v1111 thnt if ]'I_:::~ ;m· 11 o1 t J!h·,,u 1111 al11111,l:tn, ·•· d ""' ti' lht>.•· will 11"1 r,111 1'11 n• r"pilll~· ;,~ 1lu•y ~1., ,111, l

1-un ,e k i 1n l of 1,:rr•e11 fr,:, ,l f..,,. 1 Ii ,• he,;:, ,., :::.r:1~ ,- " ' '· .. r fl" ~oilin;:. will ;:n n lnnj:' w:iy Ml,;lr· I ,-,,j ., ,, ;r,:::, · I,. nf p...-.J11c1 lu11. The gl'f'('n re,-,1 ~u1,plic, l " iH n .. 1 ,w fr,.J .n •plncc ThEl ;: rnin: hut it will l"<'[ •ln~<' :I 1'111'! ., f h. <H •-1 :it

the s nrne li"'c incr<'n><' Ill'.> :::ni11 1hnt Jr I• 1o1 •.--ilol,· , .. get from n gil·cn nmonnt or gr:,in. For ill•lanC(' if .·,n e

11111, (h'<:'tl 1•>m uls "' ,•or11 r,.,1 alntJt' will pr"•h••·~ ,+::hi c,r

ten pounds of pork, 1his ~amc amount of corn wheo fed with SOUle grc.:11 feed wil produce from I:! to 15 J)<)1 111ds uf J>Ol'k. This Is uot ent irel_1· due to 1.Le food ,•a loe of 1he g 1·e<:: u feed, lmt pnrll~' to 1he fa ct that the green fe <:>d 1"t';.:11 late~ and 1011,::s 11p the ,l ii:,'<'slire aud cfrc ul:1tor; !<J'S· rem an<l keeps rhe :mimal~ in health.I' condition.

T hel'c is lwnlly nny grn:s,,; or grain th.it hogs w ill not cal wheu g 1·clc'n, aud the1·e are 111:rny w~,l~ on wl.tich they wil l fted. The folowing i~ a lis t of useful for age crops for hol).s in l~l01·i,la. The crops in th is l ist will give pi1srn1·e il11·011gh !lie "'n t.it·e JC/Ir.

Fo,· a pcnnnncnt pa~mre it is tlonbtfnl if we c:1n get any lhi 1,;.: l'f'1ter 1h:1n ller111111l;, :1 11l1 J oh11sou :::-rn~. T hc,,c <l o uot fn rni~h l'"~tnrnr,:e for the entire ,\"em·, lout CIHl he ,k1• ·Hd('•l " !~ •n f t•om early ~priug until !ate fall.

c,um OF T UE mmo

T he brood sow aud hoar ai·c 1h,) fo undation or rhe hog i11,h1sti-_,,. It is importan t. tlLe r-eforc, tha t the most ca~ fol n ttcn1ion be gh'cn to rhe~c, They nm~t n>eefrc such foo<l and ca re a~ will ensure good hcnl! Lty brood ~ow~ :ind ~trong, hen lthy li tters of pigs-

l' ro li fi,::ac.,·, tlwngh more or Jes,; 11n inh('r it e<l chnrm: tcri st ic, is, lO a large extent , cont rolled by the fe<!<l an,\ c:ire of the sow. Good brr.eding sow~ :ire ofren reduced in rnhHl as breeders by improper feedi ng. If the ~ows :11-e fed Ja r;,:ely 011 a carbonaceous ,·ation they a ,·e !ikcl.,

2-Bul

t .. l>\...,;vmc lou ra1 \\'l n:11 11,,, ► O\\~ :m• k"I'' \"' • 1.11

n,..., 1101 1-.,,;:ul;,r Lirt: ... h,r~. \\'hn1 the.,- ,1 .. rnrr••" 1 ,.. ·

T ho: ,ww,i ,,Ju.iuhl not 1'1! ~h1r1·etl llf au,, tin,,,, 'J I,.•)

~l.toul,I hc l<'<l 011 ,i \\..-T H ,alanw •I rai in1, wit],

1,1·otciu lo 1'l'•>< l11n· ill> .1l,11i,1 ln111 llow o( 1n ilJ.:,

pih"' :,J·(' w,::,.u,•,1 111,· ,.,,11· 11c>111i1·n; uea r ly 11,,, ,c,111,· r.,, i,,u. II iN:, comm,,n 1,r,wlir..- \\ilh u,an,1· f:! 1"11wt·• ,,, I""' ,1,lu~""' "''" ,rn a ,-1;1nation r,11i"n a~ ,.,,,.n :,,. 11, , J.'_, \\"e:om·,l. 11 1,. :1~ h.1 ,\ 1 .. r.-,.,,1 1111,1 ,1 ou ,•,.,.u ,,uly, , .. n , nl .. 11,- nrn,1· ,1., f.,1• rn11,,., ; ,. ;: ;111 nui1ual. l,111 111, .. n 1 .. .i ,,.i,._, 1,, j ll'l'µ'.1Hl l11 ~••II>< ii ,l ,1t·~ ll o>t .•lll •Jl l.,· l'll'" ' :,.:IL J•l'H lo· ill , .,

1,1·np<·1 ·I., dl'l't.' l"I ' 11,e ;:rn" i111,: (etu~. Th l' rt~Hil i, t he

~OWN will fo1·1v\\ "'" '"" li lll'I'~ vr "'""~ 1•i ;: • . ll "" ' ,,; . •. tu nrniut11i11 :, p ,·,. lilir ~1r:oi11 .. r h M,., J ,.,,_,. ~ 1,,. mu, , ~i•~

:ll!t'11liu11 In lww llu•,· m~• f,,,t.

1:x 1·1-:r: 1.1 r1,::--"1· 1

\ U ,, r llu• I'':.:-- n- ,·d ill d,,, r .. 11 .. ,, in ~ ' ' 'l"' l'ii o .. t,• •

l:,•1·l,.-l,i1...,-.,,, T iu.,.,. 1•i,::,. "''" ' ""' ,111 r>·;:i,;1-1, .. J. l,111 •I".' \\.,.,.,., :oil .- l i;:11,1, , I" n•;:i~ 11:11iuu ,

J11cul,·11la1i u;:1h,,.-,(,sluf1,1·, 1d11,- iu;,;o l " " ' " l"l i ••• '• i11 1 lu, -, x1"·ri 111 ,•1,1~ r ln ,r r .. 11 ,,11. 111<· r, .,.,1~ ",.,,, , :il n,·, 1 "' 1hf• p1·i<:c.~ lu •1 ·, , ,·.,111. ~l j;,; ~l, ,.1·1,. >' l, ;11 ; ,, .l, · .. t

l••an~ i n !ht• >'!1,:\11; .•\\ •• •! i•<>l:11••" · S I •••• : .l:01•:ot,•·•~

, ·:1111•. Sll.:!O. ;111,I ~"1s;:h mn. >'n:!n J•••r ]111111!1 .. ,I

TJu> fit·~! 1,,,-1 """ ,-, ,11,h1< 1, ,, t ,1i11i lh,- 1; ,. , .t,.1,;. , T l,., 1,,,1 \\/l>< l,, •:,.: 11u ,l a111 11 H1·.1 :! !•. 1:1111 ;111, I , ,, ,.,;,,,,,.,] 1,,t·

,; 1 ,ln,, s. dn~ i11µ- .lln1·,·l1 '.!". J! IJu Ti o, • " I 11,1 ,

1,(' l'i ll "'" ' w~s , , , TC~ I , h ,, ,,.1, .. , ,,t ··••I'll '' '"" 1°, 11•1 ,, n,•,·~t

IM·:111.~ ir, th (' !••d l<•!I<' ,~,n 1. a u,l ,I "!"'"''~•• , .1 1,,· ,,,-.,

J•:lrts hy wci;:hl l , f, ,r 1••rl 1•1·,,. l11r1i, ,n . l• 11rir.~ 11, , •il u,.-

11,r 1,i;.::;,. 1,·,. r,, 1111, l, •1· ,.1,,,•nnllnn. 111 ... , \\•·1 · .. r,•I . J, ,.·1 ,-.J

('u1·n an•! 1(' ]n•( l"'""~ ii, llu• ]" " I. "' llf .i l 1•;n h 11, ·i ~l, 1.

l11 ;o,lditi .. 11. 1l11•.' \\ 0• 1·, • ;.:: i,,,i, 111·" i " •llll• l• •• I

'"" "" fol' ,-,1d, pHund of co,·11 red. .'\t tbc begim,ing of lh,• lt•st t li c tinl ,on:,t·;oged 11 8.{i !lOLllo,]s J0(,1· head,

,011,l ,n:i;:ln:,1 ~,ii:: pmm<ls. At the end "l' II•~ f, •<: tii u;: ,,._,r 1he.1· ll'ei:;:;he,l iiG JJ{'lllHI~ , nmking fl g-ai u of

l"'~ ]'"""""· \\"ilh ,111 ar,•t-.:1,;·1, flail .,· ~aiu 1~ 1' hea<l of 11.71

l"''1ud~.

,.[ .,~,• n f !lot · k s l 1111' hnyc1• ohjccte,l tl,nt llu• JH;!~ W<'n• Im, rnr '" fumi.,i, 1111> 1.,,~, q11a li1 ,,· ., f put·I;.

E.\l ' J•:;:1 .111:.\T I I

T l,. , ,... ,•,,11,! ll"Si "·.is ,· n1"lu,-1,·,l wilh

Th i., 1,,.-1 '""!!'"' 1,,.,.,. ,111,,.,. 1::. 1:1HJ. flllli ln> te<l elos i11 µ_ F ,•l,i·11,11·y 11. lfl l \ . T hi'" IWCH( .,·-f\n, pig~ 1,-,1 ,,-,.,., , di1·i.J,·d i11 1n /iv .. ,•qual 101~. " r Jhe pil!• ,,a ch,

,ir.,· :111 ,I q wtl il y he iu:.: ,.,,,.,.j,1,•rf'•l. Th,· fo,e,1~ 11,,,,1 Wf'l'I'

20

veh·et ~ans iu the po,J , J:1pune;;e cnuc, nuJ o\\'('et 1,01-1.

toek. Thc~e were fed j11"1 as 1hc,r cnmc f t·11m tli<" rleh!. tixccpt 1hc J:,pa11c'~C c:i uc . ,d.tid.1 """ ~ tut i lJ\n ,1,,,1'( J1ien·~ wi th :1 l,nkhet.

l.01 J ,,-.,,. f<l<l ,ch<.'! l,c;111~ iu t he 1• •t! vnlt, r,,,t II w:i, r~...i <.~1 ual l':11·1~ Ii.•· wei;!hl o f nln•t 111.•a n~ iu 1h1, 1~•-l

nud -l 111~ma;e c;mc. 1.ut J I I "'"" fed ,·clnit bo.,n u- iu the JIO<l, ,,nc J>a rt , nno! ,J:ti,,aneJ.tJ e;111e. two p,'11'1,. hy weigh!. J.n\ 1,· ,n1s fr0t: ,1.,c,. equ:1\ 1,,1rt , h, wcii;-ht.

'rhe ll,n ... l'l'"l '~ ll~l'<l iu This l're,liu~ C~JJ<lrilllcllt ;)!·,·

,::r<,w11, ,w u111 lot• ;; r u" n, in all p.1TI" (l( Flul'idn . Jr i• e1i, lc11l ft,,111 Ole 1·r••Ult•· ul 1his fo,,,liug H·• l th:11 , it1 1br· ]!1'" f•"rl iu11s i n wllid1 llu• frt•tl~ Wl'I~ fed. t he,,· \\·er,, U" : all ,,;11i~r,11' tm·r lu lhrn uda l ro,tnrn~. 11 ,rn c,·\'l\ it is 1h.in roN 11ntinn 1hu1 •·OHH.."' frmu .•u~h wor~ th:11 i• .. r n1 h;,•

to !hi' live ~lod; in!eri•~1~ .. r H,c ~tnw

W elgho &r>d Gain&. po,md,.

Wolgltt al beitnnlng. J)(oc

"·"" ..... ····· ··1"" ,.,. ,,, .. w~wt (~~ d;~:i ~·~_b_- .~1

•. ~~5 I ~~U ~~7. 3 1'otal 11a\o or losg !n UO

!i!~:~: .. ~i(f ii\~·f;·1f~~::1 2~ oi l ~t ::.~A: r,er l.000 !IOlllldS lh"<' "·"la:hl

,---=-==-------vei:ico::r:"b.z.,c.c,,,~,.=,. ,,, - +cl J;,~\.!. :_1.;'&P [L::~sl ~I Lo•. I\

~~~~nte;~t;:'!.~ : . "I I ~;;{) ' " ! ·, .. " ·,~ :;

21

If we ~hould judge the re~u]tij of this feeding test by the gaiu iu puuo<Js 11rod 11..:e<J by tile d itfe1c"ul feeds, we would l;e like ly to eou<lemu lhe whole test , and say it wils n fa iln1·e, mut 1liat the feeds were uo good for pork pro• dueriou. l:111 tlw iufornrn1io11 olotilioed fr<Hn thi!> wot·k is or consitle1·ilble ,·nloe to the f:ir 1ne1·~ o( the fitate wb.o ,i1 ·e feediug ho;:.~. 'ro know that Japane~e cane when fe,l :i lu11e io ~,uall pigs i.~ not a nwintennnc,i ratiou, is \\·cu·1h moi-eto the farmersofthei-rnte than the cost of IIL<• wl,o!e c:s1oe1· in1ent .

. \ ;:lance" :1! 'l'nble 111 will ~how the wei;:hts Ill the l~g inuiui,\ of 1he te~t. 11,e \\"eight~ at the do~c, null 1hu )!flin or lo~~ i11 pouncl~ d u rin;: the sixty ,ln,,·8 tlte pigs wne in the tes•. H.,· e~:uniu ing Table I 11 it wil l be s~n 1hnt nil 1.,1~ uf \\"Ct\' nf ueal"ly l'(pial "·eighl. 'J'h,.,,. ,n•1·c a ls,, of equnl aze. hr-iug 11loo11t tlwee month~ 01'1 '"'"'" the exp,-riment. heµ:,rn .• \t 1he end of 1he 111,-111 . ~ix1_1· ,lnys later. Lot IV hns lost (;!

wei)!hf'. 'l'hi~ fac1 wns q11i1e e,•i,Icnt, nnrl it con1'1 ("fl~ily lw sel·n that flu• pi;:s wne dnllv growiug snrnlh•1· nml "·enker.

Ji i~ llOt !lCCl'l,8:IT.'" to make Hl\Wh em111ne11t 011 1h is 1,1hlr. Ir i~ eritlcut when the 1aition i~ eornp,1~,,,1 entitel_v of -1:ipanl•~,• <.ea11e, or when as much ns t"·o-t hir•l~ of rhe rmiou is ,T,q,11nese cane. C!'peeia l l_r when fee,linl! ynnng

tha1 it will no! llllli cilain the " r igi11al IJn•J.,· WPigh1• ,·en~on for thlij is evident. Althon:!h hozs eat n con•

si<lcrahl<' nmount of graAA nnd green fre<I• of rn r iou~ kind~. yet the nrrnng,!1nent n1lfl ~izP ,,r thtir ,w.

g<1 n~ is nor snch that th,•.r cm, lrnnille an<! br_ce 'J11tlntHie~ of forag·c. such n~ .T,qi:inese cm,e. Tn the.r nte hnt li1fle ..f the enne. nthm· thm1 the 1'he:r would chew n mouthful of cnne 1m 1il :ill o r fh~ j11ice h nil heen extraefed. 1'he.,· wonld then ~1,ir 001t tl,e refuse. anil tnke n fre~h mo11thfnl. and~" ,m . The frnnhle wi1h the .T,1p:1n,:,~,:, c:111e i~ lhat i1 req11ir~ too nrneh wnrk frllm the ho~fi for wlrnt t ht>_,. ~et out of ii". Th11 t is, the.v

11111~1 \I ,, rk •>\ ••1·t ir11, 1, , ;:••I , ,, ,, ,1:g l< j' ... .,1 1,, ' "l'i 'l_1 r·,, ·"

,., ,1 ~·1i11.,,. I n fri•,ling 1<.'h,·1 111•;111, in !I ,,· , .... 1, •!,,• ;,i:.:•

,Li, / 11 ,,1 "''' ""·' ., j' il"' l""l,. T lw., 1 .... ,,,.,, .. i11 :i . ,,, 1· ,- . 'l" i " • ,- ,1••1·1 ;u ., l,,•lt;,,,., nt ll 1li~ 1., . .,JL . Tl, .... ,,1,· a1,! ' ":.!' ' in r,,, oliu;: ,1,.. 1~~"'· in ,1 ,.. 1••1 ;. ••"· i1, :,: 1!,, x/,..ll iug. 11hid1 111:1 .,· a\ l! Hlllll ' " a u_,w) 11·• 1,, fr"U I l" {,. ::· ,.,,,11~ ,,.,, . l,11 11d r~,! 1• •1•11 •1 ~

1·:.\' l'El:I \ I E~T II T

11, 1hi, h ·~•. l\\•·111 ,, j•i;.:• \\• T•· 1,.,. I 1'11•• ~"1i:11 ·,<1 ,,.I it1l o f., ,,. . I ' " ,.f th·., ! •i~ • ,·a,· \1 J. .. r i . :.,.11,.,1 ,.,,. ,, ,.,,1, _ t. .. , I I" "' 1 .. ,1 . 1,._.11,, ,1 , .. ,.1, ,, ,[1 ,· I l••:tl>•. ,•,111: 11 p.1 1·1, 1,;· .,,,,;.~ •,1 _ l., ,1 ! 11 " • ., 1.,,11,-I ,-.. 1·11. ,· •• II 1,,1, ,,, 'wnu,, ,. ,. ,1 ,:, ,.- 1·1•. ,,.

1,., ,, ,.,.: !11. l .1>! I~- W:>~ j,.,] •~1u .1I 1,,11·1, .,( ,1, " •,

a,,. I ,·111 1 "'h PI l,o •uu,. ·111< 1 :d i n f 1lu• :.:1,·•·n ,,.1~ ' 1• i;t• 11nul,! •'"'· 'fl,,, ,· ri l l ,,.t , ,•1 1.,.,, , ,, 11, ·

f;,~ 1-11 1,-, • .,, 1h ,• , , •. ,! ,·,,h, 1 l ~•;,u-- T J, ,. ,- "' 1,,

,. r 1, ,.,.:,,. 11 1,, ., 11 ,~ , :,-1 , r,o., li. " '"""''" '' ,i,, -,.-, -1,- l • 1,.,,,,,, ~- dw, ,.,,..,,. 1,-,,1., ,1,.. !l,-1 ,T w,- r, · 1,, ,, ,,

li 11! l,•1·. a1,, I w,,,,. ,, r:,-,·11 .11·,I• .,-~,,.,,,..; ,1,,,,..,. rh 1·,-, ,.,,j ~l, 1IJ, iro,·h ,,, ,,.,j , .\ll ,],,,, , .. ,,111 _._..,.,~.,, ,.,.,.,. , ... .,,1.i,.,., ,I .• ,·ull• . ·ri.,. ,.,.,.,, _ , !~"'"~- "'"I ,hnt·h•. n ,. ,., • .,,.,1;-i,,I 1.,f,,1-,. f,~·•!i11::- T: , ·'• I i lr:,:'. f.,, ,! W:I~ 11, •i J.!i,<·,] ,> HI i i, 1)11, 111 ul' lli11g :111,I • :;~ .. ,)

,,,-,.,.in;.:.:i•••t,.,.,,.,

' f l, ,- t•.~1~•ri 11 u•nl l~ •:.:,11 , \J nrd , :!1. 1''1 I. 11, I , ' r t.. 1!• 11. ],. ,,;u_::- .,,. ,]:)_,, f' ,,,,, l i11~ ~h·••H ... ,~I,··

•~~~1111 ou \ I:,,- :·,. 1! •1 1.

W eighU and G•in1. Pounda.

]..,-, f, L,i1 11 1 1.,,,I\"

'l"h .- 11·e i;:lll ~ .,f ,1 .,. ,litf.-""'" 1.,1s ,. f pi::, ,1·.-i-,• ,w:11·1.,

1111• ~,1111t• ~I th.: 1M•;,i 11n in;,. Tl,<> al"l' t· :i;, , · ,l ao il., :: ai,, I"·•· 11 ,•,,d ""~ ,1ho n r 1h,· -..,m,• r .. ,. :i l l 1h,· 1 ....... r pi(.!• . .--~(·<>1,r r,,r ,1,,. 1•i;: • i n 1 ... 1 11 . \\h1,·h W•"h' 1, ,,1 , ... t,. :011, l ,·nl! \ ,•h <'t lo{':1 11 ~. "'l"' ' I 1•;1rl~ h., \\"1•i:: li 1. Th,• rhr:11"''' jMlt"I. \\";o• 1,,.,,,1., , . .,,!. I"•"·.,,,., .. "i!h l.,,r 1 \". f ,,,] ,,prnl )•c,•· •~ of , . .,,.,. ,n ,.J rull r ,•h ·,· 1 \,. ."" ' · a w ! ,di 11..- ;.:r1,> 11 ~•w;: ILn, 11

1-:.xr,•1·i111,•nl I\""''-' , . .,,,.l,wt,, I .,- i1h q11i1,• .'"" ";: 1,ig~.

"1'11<· l' i;,~ \\"er<' ''"'""""I :in,I 11 11•11 1•lar,,i l in 1he ,•.x11t•ri ru,•n •:il r,,., t Int. I n 11,j, 1o·~1 w,.,.,. ~,-, .. u,.,,.,. h,·,ul ,,f

1•i;:~. Thf'ir !n!a l wd;:h! "~~ ~,! IO pc,11 11,t~ .. o>l" :1,1.I J1t ll1t!\l~ p,:•1·1,ea <l

Tlor l•i;:~ iu lhis ({'8! Wll ~ IHkt·n frmn ro111· li l li!I"~ T he ;I ~(• .. r lhf' l'ii:~ ,·,11·1,·d f1·h 11 1 tw,, 1o 11, r,,• l ll•)Ulh ~. '["I,,:,

feeds gfrc11 wen, ~helled <::urn, uu,l shot·t~ 1.equa l p,nts by weigb.t) . 111 adtlitiou, tb.e pi:,,'S ,vcre g il"Cn ,il,out forty 1iouuds of milk \l(>r day. and al l the grcen sol'ghuw they wo11hl e;H ( 11 ro ) f; i•uuiub pn ,lay,. The j,ig~ 11rnde ~alisfactory Tile J-C !" hea,I w,;s uearly o11e1 ,ou1uJ .

l'hc ol,jen of the exp,,i•i111>' ll t was TO i::er tln; cos t u! l•I" dnt.'.illg a JIUHlld of ,,01·k Willi youui pig,-,. ,\dd iTi "llill in· f,.,.,ua tiou wa~ al~u 1nrn1ell iu ,·egartl t,1 the leng1h .-,( 1i111c i"rurn wcauing unt.i l t Le pigs ,ir e· ready toi· uw1·~e1

J 11 11e I . 1\.1 11. ;It wh id, 11111~ 1Le J90 punn,1~. Ou .Jn).,· 1. 1'.'1 I.

e:i:pcrin1eut , tn1·1c,l. 111., ,,.,,. :., ,~.-u pigs 1u;1,]en gai11 i11 we ighc of -l\J I 1,;,unrls '1 11 r- i11 g 111(• T he amonu l ur feed required to m,1 ke l\lll pum1, !., "t

rludng tll ,:i t hirty d,1ys "'n~ : "" '' ll . 1-1-~ -~,: shr, i- 1, mi lk, :nn.:J ; :11111 !;l"CCn ~, ,1·,: l,, uu . . ,:: fl . "'" a 1, ,1 a l ,,1 pound~.

F e<d Con• ~med Ourln11 T h irty Oays.

We ight• a nd C•I"•·

Welg:ht&1b<!sln n!ogoflu1.Juoel,J911 (liheadJ .. Wel,:ht at ctooc or fe<!dlng test, Scple mb er !2, !Bil. Total 110.lu lo IH dny~ ... .. ... . ..... . Avera11<1 !'ill-ID im< h~'1d ln I H d:,;·g . Averllg<! d10l1y p.in ll<! r head . •.•....• , ...• .•.• ... ,\~era,;;, d~lly gain [>er l,IIOt pounds llv<1 wcEKbt. . ►"M:dtomakelOO 1•<><11ul1ofga!n .. Co~I 1>er l)011Dd of i:n!u. Ill.II+ C<>•t 1~,r hUlldrctl pouud~ ,.r !'iain, II! .~\).

Po1111d1 5!"1.il

2,+51.~ 1,871 .G

110.09 0~7

~7% il6.00

E.q ,ttiment ,- """~ ,: .. 11.iucto:,l 11·ith 1c11 hea (I or Berk• ~h it·e plg-s• The:;(: pi ~~ were c"nsi, l<•t ,,J,! . .- .. 1Jer 1h11 n were tho~e 11><eil iu tl ,c pi-e,:;:d i 11 ~ te~t. 'l'bi' Hl"(• rag,: wei;!ht nt the lw~iuuiui; of th,• li' ~t w:i~ i,:) 1,011uli>. 'rlie foc.-liu~ le!'t lot'j.!:ln N • .J11l.v 18, 1~111, an.J cln,-c,l .\ugmst '.!~. l!ll l, e,weriuJ! n 11eriod or i:1 ,tny:<. nnriui; 1he ,e~r th (' 1,-n pig.~ ~a iuc,J :J:.:9.:l po n11ol ~ in ,wii:ild. The.,· m:1,le nn lll"t'l'·

a.'-i'e t!ni l_,. ~:oin 1~r ho•ad or 11.'i!J pnnn,I. 'l'IJe an:rn,~e 1l:1 i ly gai11 iu !hi .~ 1c,;t wn-" 11 01 ~" ;.:nrnl a ~ iu ,r,e 1,rec<!tliug 1<•:,,t, lun it/,. quite ~:11 i~foelor.• The ~ .. ~t J'CI' p,:, 1111tl or gfl in. l1 h1'1•\"CI'. w:,~ :,l,uut the ,;:\Jlll! n~ iL The pr('CO, liug {'X1•eri"•~1,, .

~~:::~:~ :~ ~!.:'n~no~ 1~i~:~:~~:~i:~~: ;~ ~ 119~~4

~ ...• :J~fi: 1nlal ,:-.lu Ito I~ dayo... 3J9.2!

;~;.::.~:; ;,~/.~ ;:: ,~:.~1...... .. .. . . . . . ak~!) A,· ,-ra.~o d"lly ""in !>" r l .000 [IOUl\d8, 11,·c weigh t. . . . . j ,97 ~'eed 1n tuRk e 11)0 p0und11 <>I gain .... l.H3.7i; c,,,.t J"'r 1,0110<1 nt,;a ln. SO. II Co•1 n~r hundr«J 1><>und • of gain . Sil ~O

,·.-:· 1:1n,11:xT I I

1-:~ 1••1·t1 i.~" 1 I I "" ' ,·,,11, 111 ,• 1,·,! ,l,:o·in. ,1,.

""" · 'rlw ,,._, 1,.-~,u, .b111111r., 11 ;, l''i.:. ·,·. l ,. 1l,i11.1 ,1 ,,_, , . .,i,..:11~ J-',.;,,•11.11.1 1·._ 1:,1~• T," I '

pi;•~ ,,,,1·, , ,,,., .. 1 j,, ; l,i,. ,, ,I 'i'h,• ;o 1·..i·,1:.,,

1> i:~• i II I I, i, 1,-,1 "n• 11.-:1d_1 11 , , :i• i" I(,,. I·" " II' '· ( Ill JM•lm,1- Th,• r,,.,,_ 11,,.,1 11·,·,~· . ... .. " _.,,.] •

1•d:1!••·• r, •, I lu ,·,111· , I !~• •·•· 1,, " ,.·,.,1,, T iu • ••·•1:I•~ .. 1 •hi, ,,.,, ""''" sa ,1i,fo, ·, .. ,.,

,.,., , l•·l' 1'"11 11 •1 , f ~"j l, j , ~"11~i,l,·1·,·•l. [[, ,, .... ,,. , t),.

a n ·1·a1~,· :,.,i,, ,,.,,. ,.,., :1• .,,.,..1, :1 • h, ... ,,,,. r.-.. -.iiu"' ,, .• ,~_ 1:11, 11 ... 1 .. -, ,.,.. , 1•••· 1""" ,I , ,1.,.,., .. 11!1n11iu••.•ll ,1':1,· t "1·1,

HOG CHOLERA.

l :Y .\ I'. :-:1•ESt'EI:.

t,,,;,,,,,,,r ;,, l·.' . ../,·,1•i""· I .,;,-,.,.~it!I .,f f'/1,ri,/,1. 1:,,;,,, .,. ,11,

l",,1i1,1 r.~ ,r,,. ""•;,h••I .. t..•>:wl, • d,n l liu:., 1·ui•,·r• in 1"1u1 i•i11 1., ,, , 1,, ,·,,111,·11,I wi1h . i• 1ln• ,l i,,·:1> • ku,m n ;i - 1, .. :,:

,-h, ,l , •1:• . . \ ,·,.r, .... na1h,· ,.,.1j111;111• 1,l:1-,,", 111 1• ,I i,-,.,. , I, , ••

r 1· .. ,11 11,.,., ..i, .. 1n:1 1!11•, ,n_:.:1, .. 111 l' l,wi,l:o f.,t· 1• 1111 al " ' t"='' 11,i l ti ,,u ,1,, 'l "1·~ . F111· ilo n11,.,n .. 1hi• ,li»·•"•· i.,

'"''' )"'"';1,1,- i. , " r, ,:wd ,., ..

r,..- 1h,· i 11fr1i,wlo .. ,:• 1ln, 1 ,.,.t in ,1., , ,.: 1:ow. \I ""·' r,., -10,·1 ·• ,\'I,,

"""Id .,,1,, .,-,1 j-,, !n11 ,• 1,n1·d,a,-, ·,I itnp1·,.,· ••1 ~,, ..-I; tn l, u il,-(

Il l• 11,,.i,- lwnb. 11:1\·,, h• ·•il . ll t•I at, ;] iu "'"" ' ,·11,,~ ,.1,.,"-'"

Hl•I , .. ,,,. ... '~•·:1 11 .. , ,of IIH' , lml),'.•·•· .. r . .... fl'•" ' h";!

,..1,.,1,,, a, i-iu ,~ · 11,., ,:i. ,,1 1,•~ , ,a rt .,f n .. ,·i, l,i ;~ "i1l11.n 1

,1 ,,.,]1 .,!,•1 i1,..,I ,-1,,,• k h11,·, lh , · a ,n:1;.::,• r,,...,.,. ,. i.~ l"''H·r•

I~,.,. Tn k, ·,·1• hi~ lu•1·,\ f1· , ,,, frn 1" ,.,,..1, ,m inf,. ,1; .. .,, ,I i~, .,., ,.

:1 ~ h n;: d 1., h·

.\II ti"· anirn:11,- 111a_,. tH, I ~I:·• \\· -iu1i!i,ir ,._,in1,1om,, ";,..,,

an',~·tL~I .,-; 111 1,c,;.:: ,·holL•rn. h111 ;:,.11r>r:oll _,· ~l•Nlkin ~ the fo].

' '"'' iu;.:: ,.,.,. t ., ·, ,i,·:ol ,._1·11 q1rnm~.

TIii' lw;.:: i~ ~lu::;:i,-h: hn~ li!tle ap1•Ni tP : u ,1, -,i r ,• to

,t,·ink m11rh "'"Irr: ~"'"'' rli:11·,-h....,:1: ir,l';1111f'il ,,_,·e~. wi lh a

M id:,, · ,li~<·hnr;.::e .. r1r11 :;:lui n;.::- ,Li e r.u.•-li d ~ tn;:◄ ·11 ,e r;

11~11:1 11_\" n lnlO·kii,;:· ,·,,11;.::·h: :, 11· .. nk nn••errniu 11•:, ll,;; a 11 <l

1·, ,,! h lv1..J,c.~, which at'h·rwards un·n l'""['lc . .,,er 1\ie bo, ly. Csu :111,,- the l,., i,:l! \i ,e nnl~· from 0 !(\ II ) ,1:1_.-, nf1H 1hc 1\1•~1 ~ib'll of tli,;ca ,<t>. Frw reeo,·er. a nd the 1·(:C n\"e\","

iu such cn~"s i~ ~1 .. w. while frNtneml,,· 1he hnir ._,,,m~~ v ir m1•I u lt.,-. ,'>' ,q111tm· vn 1h1: Jl(.,!y.

11 i~ thc n1,i11i"II :ll lHJlt J/ t i""" "h,, hm-~ l, .,J .,-j1 h lh i>' diH•nsc, t h an nr, \i nan rn,,.Ji

, 111,·~ :He nf llt r le ,.,. lll) \',O h l(' iu n11-ill)/ i r , 01,d rh,n t l,E ,,uh· l r,..ut mcnt (h,tt ha~ h, •f•u rlfenn:t l l~ ti, ~ ,. ,. r u n, 1!'._.<1·· mc11t 1w,·scri l-ed I,_,. 1),., 1:n rcnu or Aolm:1 1 lndn,ir,,·Wnshin;:-tvu. 11. C. T o ,1..,_nit.., in ,lct:iil lhl' meT!!,., l .,f Obl ;Lining th1: ,.. ,ru m uu1I lhc l'l"P<';l lll ll) U>' 1!1111 11111 , t , .~

ol1t,cr,·c,l in ii~ 11,:111nf:ort11 r,•. """"le\ rl'<111i re !•H• n,11 ch ~p:ice. I! i~, how,·1·c1·. ~11r.i, · iL-nt to ~,,11 r rh:11 t hc 111,u1 11

fu1•1111·e of thi!' ~""""' '""·"t 1..-, u11d~1· th (' l"nllTr"I ,. r a c,1mpetc11 t \ "e1>'1·inal"inn. l1 11rn~ i he 1,r,,.lt1r1•,l 111, ,lf l ~nn i1ar_.- Cf•H•li1 i,,,.,. a , ,d ,1, ,, ,, ju,lki,•11-l.1· ,\ l,11•/hm c-• l

HOG CHOLERA SERUM. 1-'r"w Fluritlu llculflt Nata.

I tJffid a/ 1/111/di" 8l11/t: /Jmr1·i/ v,' lfrulth. l

l n accor,\auce with Clmpfc1• CHl7, l .nwfl. of F lowido, l!llJ, 1he St;ite Hn;ird of llc11l!h lafl. t .\ngmt ('ommcnce(l the nilmi ni;;trnUou of ho:; ch<:>lera set·um. semlin!(" its Veleriunrians to fl.Heh ]"•inti' n., 1'('ri 11e:, f,. cnme from ; bu t the n uw\.Jcr nf call~ for 11,;,. /$Cl '\'ke incre:1,.ei] so r;opidl ,v rhM it w:1~ fonn<l irnprHdicnlJle lo :d tempt t<.> ddnil me11 Mteut imcs n loui:- ,li~la,ncc io 1wdr,1·1n 1his work. a nd in nrnny ensc~ tile Yctc1·ii,nri:rn.• wPt'c sv lm~y thm coru• 11l i:11we wi1h rc,p1est., ,,-,is " n,l thil ownpr,, di>i• ~f\t i~tled bec,111,;c of the In"" of fr,11n d1olcr;1

\I the t:11 :! ,111u11,ol 111< .. '(' tin~ rh• · r:tn1c D<>ard of Henl!lt the ,·0111 1•li:1u~e wilh 11 , ;~ stn 111re :111,l 11,ct hods f{) b~ f<> l lowe,1 ,_.,. ,.,-. th1,r,111:,:_hl ,1· :;n11rt in to. ,,u, \ th,. ,1·01·k

ha~ lo<.,..u 1•lacc•I 11puu " " ,·111irely uew bn~i,. The RnnHl no11· fornishcs 11,. . , ·e,·un, frc(' 1 .. hug d1nle1·.o a.~•:nt s of t il e Hoat·1L The~•J :iµenl~, one ,.,- mo r,_, lo the o,ouu1,·, admiui~tc1· t~r ~enm, nt :i eo~ t to the owner, an,\ mnkc 1-eJl<!l'I~ of to t h i~ of!icc. '!'he Bom·d nl>-0 re1nin~ it~ pre~cnt ~t:iff nf field \ ·cteriuurians who attcnrl to i nriniric~ from th o~c coun t ic~ in which there is uo choler a ;1~·•.mt :rnd who :,r,, alln1y~ ~e,~king to fi ud m en in s uch crnrntie~ to ,·ecommend for thi s nppoi11t•

The duties of tlwee agents consist in the !rdminiMration of n,c ~cr1rn1 lo li'lfJ8 for tl;c prerenho11 of hog cholera.

111 1m1l"iu ,J ~11,/1 ''l'/"'iu/.,,r i,/,, II,< n,,.,. .,/ /liWJl/1/ (IJI,/ n•/i<1/,/,· 1'(;,/W/'/~

Iv 11, i,. ojfit"c 111,<.m j'.,,-1 .. ~ Iv 111.,/ t/,.,t 11,r ,n.,· /; iri/1 !Ir ,/ ,,.,,c ;,, ~-frid ,; ('l.•, .,·./(111••- ,r, r/, l/11 1'J1/r-,, /,. 1,i i8•11•,/ /J!/ //11 .,•t,,1,• l/ r,,l/11 •11/i,·,,· .,,,.1 1/. ,

/I tt/w.,/,1 /.,, ,J;,.1.,,,.1/,1 ,.,,.1,,.,. 1,,,,./ r/,,1/ rlu ,,. /,,

/.,,,. "f •.. ,.,,,., /., ,,-, II '"'!/' ,1,,.-~ ,,,,/ /"'' ,., 111 //,. ,1.·., ,,.

,,,,., /•, .• ;,-~- ,.,i,·., ,/,,., 11•,I ,-un ir. \I/,.,, it ,1,,.,. ,h ,., ''" ·'

111,. ,,1 11,1 .. , ;., ;,,1 ,•,·,,/ /,, ,,.,.,,,. ·"·''" ,,i'/ ,·, · /., '"'!/ ..J,,,l,•1 ·,1 ,,,,,/ /., •ffil"(' lhffl 1,,, ,·r

,i, 1• ••'/''· u ..

r,,,,, . i i ,,,, 111.,,1;p,,, '"" ,,,.,,..,. nf rl,r ,/;#•,i -<, ,, .• , •. ,, _ _,"

1/i,, "fl,r ,,./,id , lh'"" /"II/-<,.,.,:- ,,,.,·,.,r,11,·11 //,1 ;,,,,,.,,, • . 1/ 111 /,. ,.,,,,.,,,;,,/r,· ,t i11 r /., 11/,~,u,··•• r,j j/.,, ,/;,.,,,, , •. ,., •

,,,,,,,; ,, ;d,1· it'",,,. ,i,·l ,, . .,,, 11, .. ;, •. ,~· 'd ,,.,,,.;, .. , ,;,- 1/,·• ,,,,,,.1,,r,,.,1,.,f,·,.,r,111

-,.,.,. /l, ,11nl , ,,,.. ,;,.1,,. ,,. 11,,.,~ ,,,,e,,u, . 11•,r .. 1 r/ .. ,, .,, , . • ·,,·,,,,, , ,. .,,· ~ i1<<'n ... 11·,11 , .,,. /1,r 1 .. ,1 ,t i~ ,.,.,,,1ir1·il 1/1'11 the ,li•1,••~i1: ,.11

~,,,,111,,. ,.,,,,,,.·/nl "I"'" be,·,,re ,w,.f/,.-, .,.,,.. ' '!ICllt ;. , .r/l•U·tc,/ ,,, ,,,,,,,;./, 1,;,. ,,,,-,.

lrm,,,./, rmi,· ,.,,,..,,.,,. /'••· //11 ,r,,rl·. ,,,.,1 ,,·l,cn• /•<''•!''' M//"1'1!/4-< r-111/ 11'•1 /1{ /,,,./ ,.,.,,,.,.,,(:,rt/.11 ,,1 ,,,,,.,.,..;.,, ·/.•

u.,,,,·,li,.u;,.,,. ;,, ,,,.,,,.,.,.;.,,/ ,1,c,, r

n.,. f,,l l,,w i1t µ: _,,..,!(< ,,r ,·lia r;.:, -,. f,11· ao,l111i 11 i,!nin:: 1,,. ,., ,.1,.,1,,n, ~•·ruu, 11·lu•u 1lw 11, ,1'1.: i, ,J,, ,. ,. ,11 a r,,;1.;,,n,11, ],-. •! ·•

l :>lll"I' fl'<tll : It<• ,-.,, i,lo •m·,• .,f llu · ;i ::,· 11 i, ,'1!:1-"•••1,~1 1.,- •! ~

l:w11·,l. an,I ""·' r,u lin1I , lt·1~11·t 111·,· 1h,·n•fr.,11, i• '" l•• • "'• ~i,ter,·d "" ;.,, , • .,.. ; ,;.,,, 11 1~•11 !h1· """<'1· ,·,f ti ., , Ii"::· .,n,I \\ill h1.• .• l!Oi ,· i,•u t 1,- .1 •••1\ /., ,. wi 1h,lt·aw in:: 11,,, :< ~••1,1 ·- ]·

i•"i ll l lllf'ILI.

10 hog•. $U-0 ; 15 hog,.$ ) 70; 20 ho1<8. ,~.no. z:, hO;•. ~ ~ , -. :){I hugs. ,2 :,o; 3~ ho~•. U .75; 40 hoi,;. S~ ~O: Fi ho,;s !~-~,

f11 c"s,:s Wh<Jl'() 1h,, ,li~la11t,l' is g1·,•il l , ~)"-": i,11 nn, tn;;c·

we111, n,i In 111a,,· be· rnnd,· IH"tw,·cn 111-, own,·1 · aml

T li ◄• lo.\'/"•<ln111 it.: s.l"l'illJ!<' tn1

l l i., .,u,:;i:e.,11••1 i11 ,i ll eas,•s wh, ,,-, . rlw.o)'' -""t i~ ]'l'l']""·i11g

(., ''""'l ' l .1· with a u n 1n 1n ·, ,-,~p•~s l for 1111, ,,.l111iub11·, >1 io11

n f s , •1·1 11 11 . 1ha1 I~· urn ,h · he1nr,.,l, a11d '" Thal

lhc \\·nd; 11,a_1

n\\"lll' r sl11,u l, I

1in 11 s In 1hc· :11·r i\'" l ,.f ti"· :og,·111 :011<1 ~lu,nl,l fnr 11 isl1 ;1t.

1, •n, o 111·., rnen 10 o·H! o·h " " d hold lhe )11 ,::,.s. :r s 11, ,. , , pna11"r

"' " ·' ' ko>,•p l,i., l, ;111 ,l s a11d d,·ao au,l fr,•e of din

rh is 11 ◄ • """ un1 ,[,, ii' loc d ,c hog~

T/ ., . ' "'"" " ' i, ro h,· inj,. -1, •d n ,·eo1·oli11g to olle fnll n wito.:;

,,-1,,.,.,, rl 0 ◄• s l , i11 is l,1nsean<l wl,e1-ei!w1·ei, lenst ;<(>['lllll ~1in111 ,1 1,,. po111 ·(•, ] into II t ll [' \\·h i, ·h hn,

1.,..,,, J•n ·l'in11,1_1· , 1nil i7Rd 1r i1h 1 .. ,iliH;!" ,rn1,-r. T his ~"I'

3:.:

.ihonhl be eo,·et,;,11 lo kt'C\' uut di rt ,md 1\ie~ BHute ,,acb ptmel m"t! wit h the HL-t:•! h, the ~nine ~hould he Li ipped imo n ~olullon of formal i11, ouc to rum· 1m1·t.~ of wnkr .. •o ol• to,l i,-iufcct tile wonml m,.,leh,,· 1he nee<1Je;111,! 1h>t• I•!'€· ,•,1111 :i h ~Cl'f<~l.,., " lien the da_,· •~ " ·CJr ~ Is ,1 .,11(' , The . _,l'ill~I.' 11"'! 1n•cdll"< ~hvuhl lH· 1h01·<,u;!h l,,· wa,he.l fr.:-t• (, f n!l 1)1 .. .,,[ and 11J c11 bo ile,l r,w n ,uiu111e ,,r · wo. The ~-• r!I,~ ... 11,,,,.

crer . ~1u ,n ld uot he ,11,l<len l,, i1111Mr• t•l in 1,,-1 ,,1• l,,,lliuf wa ter .. \fu:r l id~ IJ.,i li n;!, 11 ~110111,1 I)(' tal.:t'n :11 011·1. ,r, .. ,·nbhcr 1,t11nger ,111<1 need le,,; ,11 ie, I :rn,I ~•·ea,e,,1 with e1,rhol it,tJ1 l v11~e li111!. 8 ,,· <·urefol nl1entlon 10 tlu>,e dt-tail~ a ~.-·rinf!t- wil l ln~t inolenui tel .1·

\\'he11 fin n1rn!·r ~u,J,- ,,, . •ll~j•<'C ' I! 1ha1 ,1 11 ,1· of h i• !J .. :;:5 h nve hug d 1oletn. hf' ~l,. ,uJd cornmun icntc n! .. net ni1b thL• :--tnte lln.1 r,l of Hralth :1 1 -lacl.:l'Ondllf'. ,,r with •he hoi; d,nlcrn ngcn t in h i~ co11 11 ty. fo1·11i,hi1J g inf,,rm111ion n~ t" 1lw 11u111hl't' uf h•~.;", ><tn111~ -~r the <lisl':•~e. ]n('atinn of ;rn lmnls. c1c., :111 p1~rih,•,I b_,. t he :11,plic:ui nu f"rm i,,,, .. ,J h1· th!' Hn:u·d .

\\l.Je,-e lher(l i:o ll h<Jg ch,,t(' rll ;1:;:(•1lt in ! h <' l'«lllH _I· :l~

l":III J;<! III C111~ e:rn lJ<, 111nolc at "iil'C ri>r th<' wtol'k. In nt li •·!

cn ,l'!' tilt 1:oa1·,\ will ,lewil "uc c f it• ,·,-.1erina1ri:1n• 1 .. th<' J..Oin t :iml th<' work e:q,e,litf•cl n~ ,uud1 n~ J"'>•i h]~

lu applying ror scrum ot· i1 s a ,\m lni 11t r :1tinn. ,w iu n.• pt)rliug 01111,renl.:11 nf d 1oler:1. if 1lte rl'le;:-rn1,h b u•.-•l. 11,e me@~nge ~llllul,l not he sent cullec1 Thi~ C~)'•·n•e i~ to he borne b,1· the ownrr<• r :1gt!nt.

AGENTS.

Xnrnes and Pogt Office addresses of Agents ol Stale Ho:.tr.J of Health and who are nu1borized to supp l_r and administer JJoi:; Cholera Serum.

C.rnnty. Alachua. Alachua Alachua .-\l:1chrnt

Name. l'OJ<tnfllec. . . .......... . .. G. A. Byles, Win,l'-Or.

,T, 0. Frede1·iek, ,\ lac lma.

A[aclnm . ... . ............. J. B. Smith, Ne,vlx!1·r~· -ll11kcr R C. Crews, ~lnrcknuy. Baker . \V. E. Schoch, ~lneeknn,v. Uradford .. . L. J. Wynn, llam 1>1 on. Bradford ...... .. Theo Ti~on, ,.;t,i~l;c. C:, lhoun . ,1. L. Griffin, Bloun1~1nwu. r:'oh1111hi11 . . . . . Or. B. D. ,Jor(lu11, T.nke City. Citrus Dr. Puterlmugh, Hernn11 •lo, nc~oto .\.. K. Albritton, Limestone. l)c,.;oto .Jae. S. Gort. Punta Corrin. DeSoto Dr. C. A. 11avin, Fort n,.eiln. Oei;:oto 11. B · Hainey, \Yn 11rhnht. 0lr11!nhin \Vatter H. Jobnst(!u , Pine Barren. Esellmbia. ,J. L. Gotlwin, R. F. D. No. t , ,\trnore, .\111. G:ul~dcn D. D. Eilward~. G~111a, On,lS<lcn. . .... .. . . . .. .. . J . 0. Bnll, Qnine.,·. G:uli<dcu . W. D· Richardi<. E:"l'.pr~ G~ensboro. ,Ju niper. Gnd~<len ~r. E. McCorqnoda!e. !Tnv:rn,1. Guibdeu ... .... . . . ..... . . J. L. ShepurU, Gtt•en~h"ro. Holmes H. D. & ,T. K. Hroek, Boui fa.,·. ITolmr_si . . . . ... . Dr. n . G. Milton, Wr•stville. Bn111i!ton Or. ,T. B. Corbe ll •. Jn~ J'<.'r. J11ckso11 nr .. T. 0 . Phillip~. U nrim,on. Jack.•on Jnckson Jack~on

"'· W. Wt>s ter. Tn,nlfld. A· J. Tlnrn~on. Rnends.

,\ ~J. Ring<"ltllr.f, Cnrn,! Bi•l~~-

,, Coun ty.

Jet!et'!!O U .. n1. \\ ", u . \\'u lke r, l~X l)I'("'~ .\ udlla. Lr. 111 .. i;\ .

Jefrel11ou . .. . ... . .. . . .. . .. . . :-:.\·.1.:oxe11 ... r L.: .:..•..i . J 1Jlfc11',()11 . . ... . . ... . . t ;. C. ) k•."oll , J lun1in, lk . ,J e ffCl'SOll . . . , • Dr. W. ]', , .\l e i.co d , . \ 11 c'i ll:1 ,

L.1Jf,iy et 1c . . . . .. . . . :>ti - .J. F owler. r ,n.~. 1,afayen,·. . . .. . .. . J. U. ,J oll ni!(on, :-1e iuh :1:d,~c.e . L., r11ye11~ . . . ,I. .\I. C:oru tu. ) la_,·o. J..oke . . . .. ... . ,I. /II. \\ 'a l!Dn. f-'ld,,· I.al;;.,, l .e() . . . .. W. H. To" !1!5' . P o r l ) f,H•N , l,eon T . .\ I. Al !. inson, Toll n!Ja, ....,~. I.Cl'_Y \\', I::. IJrown . J: ,llf igtl, .M a ,li~ ,,. . ... . . . . . ..... . . A. H. S:c1·er , Ebb 01· Sfrrn ,m,1. llnrio11 . . .. . . .. . . .... . j,1, H. Oail ~l.: ill. ~l ch 1, -.h. Marion .. 0 . R. Ty<\!ngi1 , Dist .\ gt. for 1--: ,nergeuc,r. , 1~ a1 a . Muriuu . .. .. . .. . .... ...... Dr. W. JI . Conn t.•. i•~ula lfar ion ......... . . .... .. . .. . W- 1.. !,fart in.,.: ;,nrr . l l:trion . . . )lmfa11

Oran~' •' l'inell .1 ~ . Polk P olk . Put11atu . St . • 1olin11 . . ST. John~ . SL ,John~

&u11:, """". f:.n11rn H<>><o1 . S 11\l':"lll l)('('

. . . . . . . . . . H. 1-'. Bo~er~. (;,,11:; •: r

Dr .~- ll . llllrch. nli 1,·l,t,,n nr. B. n . \ \'i c•nrng,1. 0 ,-1.u-l ..

.. Dr . W. T. 'fnuner. ~ t. l'dr: ,',, 11.,;: . .. ,I. O· r :1·ndde.,·. J: :1 1·r .. w .

. . . .. . R. L. Yo11t11:,' . . \l u i!- ·i·rr. , .... . , J . l'. );e 11·1J.cd.:. i ' ,ll: IThl

. ..... . Dr. J) olnn. Hn-• :n~-. . ... H . r:. l'nd~. :'-1 .. \ np ,.,;! nr.

. . 1)1·. F- f:. TI"h i ine.'<'. 1-: :, . . . .... ,J.W. t'rq 11:1hnr1.)! ' ", .. n.

• . .• . .• J. n. ,\! mer. ·; :w .:: :;B :\T. .\ . Be.st. J;,, ,,:,·

Suwan11H• . . . . . . . .. .. ... . .. . C. l'. (l,!om, Flrn1·f, •·,1. Smnnine..: . . .\ . ~- n o~m,. \Yr1:1~•r:i S1111·nnnr(• .. ... . ... .. Dr, .J. TT. Rc.1·nold~. ()" Hl' iro Tny lo1· . . . .. .•.. . . .. .• B:u·nc,r O'Qn ion . i',·11"_1 Wnltoo . . . . . . .. .\lei ~leBne, FJoro lH. \ h, W~lton . ... . . . . Prof. H . . J . Boi,:cn;. Th:!r1111iak W1n1k111ln . . . . .. ..... C. K Al len ,

NATIVE AN D GRADE CATTLE-BREEDING .

. U tllt prcseu t time there a t"() abotn eight buud1·ed t housand bead ot cattle in Flo ri(ln. Pe rhaps :i;; J!l'l' .<('nt of these a re the nntil'e F lor itl n C>lf lle, which u<J doul>t a re mO!! tly descemled from t he old Sp:rnish stocl.:, with littJ., or no iwpro1·emcut. It i,; slate<l, llowe,·er, that many cat t le wer<J shi pped in to F lorida from .North Co1·a• l lua, Soulh Ca roliua, Alabama and Georgia. Th is in t1 ux of catt le from Stn te>1 r 11 r thcr north Tool.: pl:ice f rum 18!0 to 1s;;o, a nd perhnp;; before tbcu. At th,it 1irne the cm • tle musth a1·cb~n ~imilu r to our 1rntfrec;1tt le,ns four to ~i.~-year-oM sleerij weigbe,l from 350 to ~,(UJ pouruJ~.

Wlrnt are µrobah ly the ii rst effor t~ t,,ward irnµru,·e· ment of the uativc cnttlc tool; pince ahour 18-1;; . . :\boot th i~ time ).tr . . \!(:Kinnon of Walto1:1 Couut_r importe,l ,Hrcct from Scofllmrl a la rge Shorthoro bul l. '!'his \ml! ,lirl good sen-ice fo r a numbC'r of ~·ea rs. The impr,,.·enic·nt owir t he nat ire enH!e "' fl8 noticeable. 'l'hc ~ize of the grnde ca ttle was lnl"gel", the ~teer~ ,vei;.,.h• ing from -H"iO to 750 po1md1,;. But wus dnne rmnml imJ1ro1·emcnt after this lime, ('_,;: cept to 11~e lrnlls resulting from Hie use of the pure·bred b11Jl. The improvemeut brough t abou t b_r the 11se of th i~ one bull mm.l e :m impre,;_'<ion on U,c ca ll.le io 1hat p:11·t of the Slale which was (lvident fo r :1 nmnher o1' ~-ea,-~ .ifrf>r 1he old hull was dead- R :ul the good work started hy )I r. McKinuou been cont inued, Florirl a wou l-l toda_,. ha,·e as

good e grade of !Jttf cattle u~ ,rny ocher S- rnce i11 1he Un iou.

At tile 1weije11t 1imc, F lod<la i~ mm·e or 11 Jh e-~1 ,., !; S tale 1lu1 ! nrnn~· ~11p1io~e. 'rite follo"·in;; ilgur,'• tnl.:~,1 from Ille Twelfth Bieuuial HCJM>rt {lf 1be Comml~.-ion,·r or ,\;;ricn!1uN! ~ ow how th!! n 11tle illliU~tr,I" uf tbe S-iuh: COIH)!:lli>'I ,dth other iuduijtrie~;

Cnllle (e:rel,.f\l"e ot ct,.,-. kt'l lf C·)t wllk l D»iry ~V\\'5 :m<t Dnlrs !lroJll(U ... .. l 'oultry nml 1•011Hry IH'O<llU' t" · · l•'lcld l'1'0lYI .•• ,,. , •... .. .. .. •• \·eg,Hll hle nn,1 Gard..,, , product• . ~•ru!t J>NNIUCI• .

(:'\'<>•'llh,eJs1,lre11fortbetrnl t tl'l..,.,,)

lmE F J\Ul~ED~ OF C.\'l'TU:

F rorn e:q.e r i111cnt11I 11·ork nn,1 .-,h~cr..-niio11~. thrre ~rem~ to 1,c lmt lit!lil 10 cl1oo.<e 001 11·c'\:n 1he ~rnndnnl hcef L,1-e,._'O~ ( indudin~ i:;hnrthoru. Ueref.-,ril, .\l,er,Jren-.\11;u~ and Gallo1n1y l. 'T'hechoiel:! would be 1·e r.•· !n r)!el.,· n nm, 1er of J>t>l'IKlnal fancy. n·e wmtld, howen'r. ,li~c•mra;e :h 11111d1 n~ 1\1:lAAlblc the 116e of cl niry breed~, ~nch 118 ,T('t.,c;n nnrl Q11,:rnsey11. iu n l.oeef herd. We nnd 1h.1t n c..rr:i in 1111Jnbcr nf 1,tod :men in. the !',;Joie nrc u~in;:: grn,le .Jer~e:rs nnd gra,le Gnernl!I!~' hull11 in their IN-er J1rr•ls. Th" n-,· of ,mch bnll8 in 11 be.! f l.tetd will not mnke the de•irerl im pro1·eme n t. The .Jer;,ey ,111<1 (;uernsey n~ hrced~ lnck \ ,.,th the ~i7.e nnd conform:ition ,J.,~irnhlc in the heer ,rnim .1 1

Good ><i1.e in 1he llt.-t!T nuiuml i~ de,.il"l!d for the fl,llow ing 1-caHOn. One nnlma! wcigl,i ng 1,~'00 pound~ on foot will uot 1~1 uire itH much feed fo r g:J'owth n1ul mn lnten :rn~ :•8 will two :mimall! wc\ghin; 000 1ionml.• each. 'fhercfore, more 1)01mds of loe<!f will he 1•rrorl11et"d from rhe ijl1111e nmmmt nf fee,! 'l\"lleu fod to a large onimal. rnakiu~ !he la r;::cr 1u'<'e'1 ~ of cat t le more ,•conn1ni c;; l fo r becfpr,..,,lnct iuu

31

COMPARATIVE EX1:'E LUMEN1.' WlTO GU.Al.JI-: S'fBERS.

At the Ex.,erimeu t Station fa!'m, during the 11 prh1g o( 1008, fifteen native cows ll'ere selected. •rheee fi f teen eow11 were !;eparated i11to three Iota o f d1·e t-01•01. T he 10111 1\"ere al'fflDb'e<I to lie 118 near !~• equal iu &ir.e nnd ,111 11!

ity of the animals RI! poasible. The oowi; in J.oc I were bred to allereford bull ; thOllein Lot II WHe lm.•,J \O D Shortborn bull; nnd the cow~ in Lot 111 werti br(!d to a until·e l<'loridu bull• From these fJftern cow, twelve culn,s wc1·e prod need. (Oue cow failed i:o IJ1·eed; u ~~om.I cow was foumJ lO be in calf wheu i lu; ~pcrimeut i&tnncil antl 1\'R.ll tlise11rdcd ; while a thi rd cow mei wi1h an ncddent nnd aborted.} E:ich Jot of N,ws uml bul l wnM kept io 11 11epar11te Jlen 11n1i\ e1·cry ,:ow wn, known

tobo incalf. The fol lowing tah!e gl1·CI! 1bednte ot hrcediugeacb cow,

ll1ul tlw d11tc wlieu cacli cAlr w~~ tlropped.

Date .,.h<•n ct1lvc, were dropped.

Cow• Bred t o Nativ~ 15ul l. ~.-~~~ ~"N:"lm:--

Al!on/!<l Jnmrnri· 1$. lOOII April ts . mo, April ZS, 1909.

The ~,,,,-,, \\'Cl'C ;JJI kei•• VII !he :<.ml!' runge Ull!il tL,; call·..,, \1·c 1-c wcaued. r 11,l!•1· these co11ditions nll ,·,iln-~ Ji: ,J lhc 1tr11ue d,u n<:.-c 80 f;W 11.~ rauge condition~ ""rt c,_.µ. ce rue,I, .\fter the call·c,i W< 'N! weanetl, vl);.e rn11i u11• l\"U'v <cou li11ue1I on o nly two cah·e;, from e,1cb lo t of c,,v.-s Aft-,1· weauiug tin1e 1he call·"~ we1" a ll ke1 ,1 "Uthe ~,1111e 1m~trn'f' iu >'llllllllCr, while d11 r ing the " 'illter 8C;\_s.,11 1L t : · w(•1-.i gin·a 1h e 1·.m.(!e o f a ,·eh·e t·l>t-M• nn•I .J,q,ane,.,-eaue fie hl. f5.o tht1 I c,u;h ca lr w"~ :;freu a1< 11earlt b.1ua\ a cl1;11u-,• n1t i,•~~ J)Oll~lble.

Ti,neof 1, e!ghln:,; ;~ ",

ft•··•lii~:ittt~t itU\t.< 1~111.~rn; illi1!Ji: l!l-!i.!ll .lli

~r ll!! . ···· ll~l;li m im!lll t~m1ll m ~; .. t m~.. ·~.w~rn ~~~ r:ni; m ~~ni~ ~1:

•A,•crn1~ of tlv;, ,•ah-eg tA~ra;e of fnur calv~,. t Avcml"! ol th re<' cal~,:-,.

Tub!e XIII show~ that ut l:,irth the grude B,:,1-efords Ul'IJrugerl 47.9 pounds; the gra t!e Shorthorns, tiG pounds; and Ille mllil"e~, 48.G pmmd~. At weuning time, Octohr '.?S, rn09, whe11 the c:iln:s were alJ.out 1ce1·cn all(] a ha ir mouths old, the grade Herefords a1·eraged 331.6 pounds ; Hoe g1·,ufo SLortL01·n~, 3 l'.?.5 pounds; aud the ua ti~·es , :;o-:; pnnud.<:. 'Chns there I~ on!~• a slight di r.'erenee in weigh t at Lirih nm! wenning ti me. '!'h is di!fei-i.'nc-e In weight i11 uot more than one n·o111(1 exJ)€etto flml in wcigl1ing up three different selections of ~·oung ca ttle, taken from the irnme rnngc.

'file weigh1s when the m1imal.s were oue ~-ear old were quite uu ifo i-m- 'fheg-r:1de Hereford$ m·erage.l -105 Jlfluncl~; and the gr11de Sho1·th,wns and na ti1•e~ nnirnged exne1ly the same, Hi.5 pound~. For the first ~-cur tl,e ITereford~ u,ade uu al'erage tla ily gain of O.!l i pounds; the :':ho~t. looru~, ;1u an• rage d11 il ,v ga in of 1.07 ponnds; and ihc n=1-tin~ nn :ll'ernge dail~· gn in of 1.09 pounds. Thus tl.iei-e is only a slight t.lill"erence in the iwerage daily gain of the th,·ee !ot.~

'l'hc weights nt one . .-ear of age were not grcut for go••d ye;i d in!,' s (ec1'!!. Hut whcu we compare these weigh t11 with thutoftheaveruge natil·ccnttle,wellnd that ut oue _,·e:1r t hl'Se aui!llals were nhout twice a~ hcu,:r nsthc aver• age i,nth·c ~teen; of the same 11gc. 111 1 slauglitcr tecot, cowluded ro11r .1·eat"!!ago, ien nutfrethree.yea r-old steers a,·erugedo1.11.v5l 6poundRJlerhe11d.

If the cah·es in the fo1-egoing experiment hall been hu-ned ou t on the open range to hustle fo r t hemselves, thc~· would <louht leAA on ;\l11rch t, 1910, have bccn from '.??i to ti0 ).K'r eeot. lighter than when wenued on October '.?8. J,!10!). The heavy lo~b in weight would he tlue 10 the rn ct thut ,luring tile winter seasou the pastures ar-e ,·c1·y poo,., and if fo rnge or some kind Is not supfllietl (whicli i~ not done by the rnajori t.f or stoek•raisera), the animal~ are n!rnost stars·ed. Under these adverse condi•

tiouij our na1 ive cattle nerel' grow and derelop a~ 1h"~ ~huuld, ot· a,; tltey would if ~n pplied liherall~· 'l\'it!J for.i ,::~ tlul'ing tile senson wheu the pas tlll'Cll o:lo not afford sufficient grn:dug.

AIULoui;h thia el" p1;:ri111,.,n t allows thnt the nRth·e canle made aa good g:, ins from \;[rth until rn·o anti n hair ,·ear;; or age llll ilio:l the grade tlerefor<l and grade Sbvttla-ru. It does not indieme tbn t thcnntil·eent1 lcn1"t'WON' 1,1,,ll1• nlJle tlim1 grade<. 'l'he1·e lb no doubt, ho1Hrer. tli~t by th~ p1·oper selt:etiou, and the supplyin~ of au nLuu,!auc·e of good forage during t!,e wiu te1· season, we enu itH'1·1:,,;;e

di e ~ir.e of our n:Hh·e s1oek a~ rnueh ar, :!0 d r ~IJ 1..;,r cent.

Ou DeCl.'mber :!, 1911 , l!,c >!iX animal, ,.·ere put in a ijt1mll .n1rd aud fed for uiuety ,l:1.,·~ u u n n11ion "' ~11..11 ·l corn, <.:u tlonseed meal 1111tl Jn11.1nese eaue, Table .\ ! ,· gin!s the daily ration fed. Hl$o the to tal feed cvn~ Hll l"I b.,· the si:r 1111im11h1 d11r'ing the niuety dn.,·~ \\Idle vn re~,! At the lteginning of tile foediug 1est the.I'" "·ert: 1>1aa i·1e,I un n light ratio1>, nnd t he feed w:t8 i;rndrn111y incren,;e,;. until at the en d of the firth weel. the~· "·ere eat ing 11,e full ration. 'l'aLle XV gh·cs the weigho1 ut the bee!in niu:; or the feeding tegt, 1he ,-·eights ut th! rt_l'"•dn_-.- in tcr1·11 ls, the total gain and the 1n-ernge daHr ~niu Jlt>r bend.

O•lly Ration.

S [lOUllM

• 6 pou:id~ . !I~ 1001111~,

po11n~• pound• poun~,

Weight and Galna,

=~-~.j~: ~;~~"~~ Ja11.J,t:112.EmlofJOd~ys1\0 123 717 i69 772 IS~ Jnu.Jll,1()1~. Eu,1MG0olnp7~~ 7u7 7()1; 1~; ~!•; .Sl;'l Mar.1,1912. Endo!90da)'s7i3 U4 S31 S8C 85G 893 To~al i;a1n In ~O days ..... 113 112 JU 176 'lH li4 A,·crni,.e dally so.in.. UG 1.2~ J.82 1.96 J.63 l.93

Tnl>le XVI i;hows the li.e weight nt the time of ~!aught• e rin;:, the dr=eJ weigh!. anti the J)Cr<.'entagc of drcs.~ed wci i;h t.

T he Jin, weigh ts were tnken jn.st n fe"· minnt<'s l>cfore ~1nug:hte1 ·i n1;1. The dres.i,ied weights were t11ken iwrnc• ,!i;itei.,· arte l' ~lau;:htel'ing. (Tile dr'e~~ed weight is the weigh, of em'eHSS with the heat\ and feet taken off am,l lil·e1·nndheart t akcn.ont,hntkidueys not 1·cmo1·ed ).

SMALf, SJZ~; L.-\RG f: L'I: DU E TO ISSUT!Clt::-T

FEE DIXG.

It is the oµinion of ,5om~ thill t lie ~wnll .,li~ of .. ur native e.i tt l<cJ is ,Jue Lo om climat ic condition~. 011iu lon, 1,o" ·en,r, is not well fo unded. F ot· large L>te,,,\ ;; ofc:ttllc lin:, in the tropi<:1!, ns in rn,li:i

Auothcl' opinion is H,at 1he ~mnll ~ize i~ n ch n!',iCtH of our uathc cal lie. lfreediu;; uo doubt hns irs imll;enc~ buc we fiotl th a t ev<cJn when thorongh-lm:><l t.uima l~ ;ne 1•ertre<l under the ~nme e-0udi tiou ~ n~ om· nach·, utrr :e

too, :n·e >JmalJ. We urn, t !liert'fol' e took f, ,1· , .. me reason fh,rn 1lint of cl imm c o r Ind; ,.,f c,u-~ iu

b1w1lin;? for the ~mall sir.c or r.1 11· nul i ,·e ~t .. ck. Tu -h ret> ,i•

i ng. and hrecdh;! n1 n _,-onn;: age, both of which :nc ~u,.e to oc,·111· 9 n 1!,c 111ie1a rn n;:'.C·. ma_,. ha ,·c ~omc :n1lnence in rerhwing: ~i,.c. Hnt the ,.,(] 11ce<J ~ize will Le f.,und to be dnc la1·gr. l~· !o f"hC' lflck ,.f na tri1io11~ forng-c ,]nrio:.t th<! winter mon th ~

In a ~l ,rnghter 1e~t of t•n•ut_,· li (:a<l nf orniH• c,i nll·. rhe a1·('r,1~~ ,lrc~~e,l ·,rn.s fn nu,l to be :::,s ,),; Thc~c ar,irnlllS we1-e ,-,J,l :1ll'1 0 \'<.'1' \\ He ahout matnn'. ns fa r n~ size i~ coucerne,l. Th,.,c- ~Mtle w1J1·e sln ug:h1ere,l ,lur ing 11ie lat tc-r par t r,f ,': c,p tem• her. nn,l their li:.ht wei:<ht w ;,~ not ,lue to la ck ,-,f rl~• l, . as the nn im:d~ wer-e in ~oo(l t>onnli t io11 . T he 1, c1, ,, f ~i~e wu~ ihw to the animal~ not hadn ~ 1,rf>a with s u fficient n11tr itio11s fee,l to kc('p t hem in a growing contlit iu 11 frnni 1he ti?n t' 7hl'_,- Wf•I'P \\"f•:lnfrl Hie~· were l'Cnd,,• for rhe mnrl:er.

As a l ready mentioned. a t 1ht• Expi>r im.-• Ht ;;:tatinn f,n·m. during the ~priug of 190S, n number of nnti,·e cows were bred t.o n nuti,·e hull . Tl1e cn \n•~ from fhe~e cows were ,Jropped doriug 1he ~priu.~ of 1:JO!l. .\t wP~ni nz t l 111e (October 28. Hl09) th <:~e cah·c~ n,·era7ed 30.'\ p,,nnd< per head. At o ne yeflr M a)?e they n.-eraged ~17 .. ) 1,r,1m,Js

43

Thill ls alrnOl:!t M hen1•y a11 many of on r n 1nge cutt le are at three yeDMI or uge. On October 1, 11)11, \\"lieu these calves were ahout two anti a ha lf yc,n·~ ,.r 11µ:c, (hey itl'er aged 722.[) pomut per head. They were given no betterc11reaud feed 1hnu tllea1·erngefnrmereould read• Hy supply. T he "ummer pMtnre n·n~ "irnih1r 10 !he onlinary pine.wood pasture. During tho wl uten; t hey 11·ere gh"en the run of n velnt-bean and Jop:tucse~oe ftcld. This supply or "'inter forage k~]'I the :rnilm1ls in a growing e<i nditlon, i10 that they tlid not be<come stunted.

Thi~ ijhows rh:tt the &rnnll ~i:te of onr unii,·e ca!lle i~ not due to hcredit,r, but lar;,_,ely to the lnet of feed We do not rue:,n that !he auimal11 mm,t be kl'pl fa1 coo11gh for u.mrket nt 11ll time,,, !mt we ,lo mean that the? sho11ld be kC!•I In a health.•· ;;rowio;; condition. Whenun,mim:il heco1ne11~eruacia1et.1 rl ,nt itcnn har,lly get uv ,d,cn it lies ,tov.·n, it is cc..tniuly u,it lo a ht>alth,v cond ition. Neither )ij it tun confllt!on to !!.row nn,t ,k~ ~·Plur•. hut rather nll ,1evclopmcnt will Ile ~hipped. 'Wh,:n the •lc,·clopmeut of n young ,wiu,al il:! once htopped .. r ched:etl, the nnlnml will ne\'cr mate the growth that it would olherl''i!!C li:tn! ,\one.

It il:! no"· the time or JCflr l<'h1.>n v.•e should giH:> sorue l\Jou::ht to growing ~u11pHc~ of fcctl f(,r ou r e:Htl<' during Ille comiug 11·i11\er. Au tl!mndunce M gno,1 furng:e CiU1 1,e hn1I by J>ll1111ing such crops t1s wr~burn , Cerm:in roil lc1, ,rnd. la ter in the senHnn, COWIJ'!II~ au d ijWed po• tntOC1!.

YOUN"G BEEF ~tOST l'ROFITADLf. .

.\lmosl every ~tocknum !ms 10 con~itler :it what nge he ~hou!d Fell his ca ttle Mo ,t~ !o obtain thr l11rgc~t !Jroflt from t he iaw.•l!lmo,wt. 1'hi~ is n qnctition !hilt should 1~relt·e rl1ie atlentinu , The re~11 l!~ of The e:11wriment

given in tb h1 lmllctiu woul,J ~ho" thut, in 1hi~ ca~e, t he grcatCll.t prolil would I.le obtaine(l by ..elli ng the ca:, .,,, a t weaning t ime.

'!.'he cah·h wen• born from January (; to June :.:, l'JU\/. Three or them wet'tl born iu J!I.Ulllll'Y, two hi Fd,ruar;, one in l'tlar.::b, !he in April and one lu June. Th i~ ,·,1 rin lion in age con.•1-etl nl,out the eu1ir~ bre(!diug ~e:1.-vu ru;

prac1iced by Flo,· i,Jn 11tuclrn1en. H:id the cah't:ti all c,;we in J auual'y or .Fehru"rY, ouc rnigLl form thc e lTOllevU i opi niou thnt only the cnll•eij tlrnt cumc in Ja11unt·y 0r Fchruary cuuld 1le pm on the wal'ket :1t a ,1· ou11 g- ri2e. '!'he rncr or the uwtter is t hnt the culn •s o.lrv1w"J in .\pri l mn,Je ndrly a~ gootl gnins, :1111I wen• 11e,1 rl.,· a;; 111.>UQ" ot "enning ri me, nij were the Janu,u.,· ca l1·t•.

'l'\,c loirlh •wdi;Lt~ <1f thes., calls•~ nH'i t, l ll'"lll ,I Lj to GI pnun(ll!, with an n,·ern:.:,c of ::;O.S ,~,un,Ji,; 1,er J,.,,, d , Tlie IJ irth•welght doei; not ~ee111 lo h,we much to ,J1, "illi tl,e growth or tht iu,Ji.-idnn l up to 11·cu11 ing ti111e ..:ou.:: ,,f those thnt weighed the least at hlr·th were ,1101,11;: 1he hc.wic~t :tt \\'CU iiing 1i11w. The fl /::UI'(•~ Htlll 10 ~b(,W 11,a : the 1.lirt h•weigh1~ o r 1he c11h·ee <!rO]'pt;l in Jnnmu·.r ar,• 1.-.,~ thou t ho11e o.lro1>r-ed in April. llo"·e.-c r. ltcf/\1'(' w.can nmke nn.•· defini1e sf:l\emeut rcgnr,liug thi~. it "· .. uJ,J ltc ueeesl!-n1-y to gn1her like o.lata on n lnr~e rHUnbt,r of nnimn l~.

From birth until weoning time lhe cow,;; nu,l cn h·es were all gh·en the llllme cn rc ; t lmt Is, they wen all kept on the M me rrrnge, ~o that nll enlves had the ~nme chnnce 1w for as t·nn l,!e condition, 11·erc conl'erne,I, The calves were 11 11 wr.nne<\ on Oc1ober ~8. 1909. .\t thi~ time the oldest calf iu 1he lot ,,,11~ not the henden. n nt, as 11·ouloJ be u:peeted. the rou111,wll.t cal f in :he lot l\'!l~ the 11m11 llest. The heal'ie~t cnlr flt ll'e:inin~ t ime wn boru en ,1nnuftry 31. Its birth-weight was 5! ponnd~. mul at wea ning tirne it weii::hed :l!lS po1111d~. Th<' ,,·.,ung• e,,t calf wns th'e months old wh(!n ,n•u ned. ti~ blr1h• weight ,ru 52 ponn,111, 1t11<l :i t ,.,.<'~ ulng time it ll'ei)Jl1ed

20.:i pounds. The n\·eruge weight or the twdre he::td Ht 1\'eHniug tiwe 'l','UII 338 ponncl11.

'l'he avernge age 11t wenniug l ime was nbout seven and one,hulf mouths. The nmrkct 1·alue of lh!ll!e calves :it weuui11g time wu 11 $,1.7Ci per hunU!'W. At thi~ time rhe hem·i~t call weighed 398 ponnds, whlc/1, ut S:J.15 i,e r hund red, g in!>! ii a 1·nlue of $HA>2. At wenniug time til e 1,111allest calf welghOO :!OJ pound~, :rn,1 111 !f3.75 per hundred, wa11 worth $lUH. ~ince Hier a1·er11 ~e<l 3.18 1>v 1111tl 11 per hc:id, 11 price of $3.7.:; i,e1· huu 1lrcd i,:iv•·~ them au nn,ragc vnh1e of ~12.GU per head. F1..-.m $10 !n ,:14 1,cr hen,! rnay well be conei,lerecl :1 good pri ce for eahCll ftt wea ning time. 1'hc•·e luwe heeu Jl('Hru l rhou~aml hl'Ud of two a nd th ree-,reAM>M steers ~old ln f'lorlda in lhe 1)(1st few yeu r11 nt from SIO to JH l!'Cr heud. Thei<e 11~me aninmls, h11d they been :; i1·en ren!!<"0n:1h le anention, eonld huve been MJhl nt weaning tirn\l for 1he satne l)ri~, am! the net profit per head wnuhl hnve ~ll a grent denl more.

'!'he profit~ dcrfrc,I hy ~elling ea)l•l's at ll'eaning time are much greater lhan h~· l:eeping tlum1 nntil two or three ~·eani or age. 'The <'Rl f up to th is li me ears bm lit tle gra!ll!, as it de1>eTuls la rgely npou 1he mill: of it$ moiher tor nonrlshmen 1. The c:<'}l!,t of keeping ihe cow Is rbe !l-Rrue whether the cul t u,, sold '1t 11·ennlng: time or kept until th n:eyeitl'I< of lll?C- When sold a l 11•ettning time, the C<!llt of kee11ing The en lf through the win ier i11 etiruinnte,J. The winter xe:111011 is t!te c ritienl period for the ea]f. Tt !s nllfn the season or the ,1·e11r when the CO/It of keeping the nnima! i~ !arge~t. .·\ nother poiut that must he <'Ot1~ idered It thnt "'hen the ero11 of enh·es I~ ~Id at weanin11: time o. mnch lnrJ!;er n11mher of hre(:tl• lo~ cows can be kept nu the 11.1111e range Th im ir is po~~ihle 10 do when the heef herrl i~ not l!Old until 1..-0 o r thrt>e .•·cnr~ or ni::c. Th i@ is nn i rnpt,rlant eon~l<lerntion ~inee the 01·enatocklng of the rrrnge Is n ~eri011s mi!ltnk(' in 1hc prodndion of 111",, ~toek .

46

S DDf.\RY.

1. };uti,·e cows ,ve,·e bted to He,..,fr,1·,l, ,.:i.,inlwrn. nud na til·c bu!l~.

At birth and nt l\'enniug the ,neight <.,( the th~ e I,,n of calves did uni ,lilfcr much.

3. lndre~weightthe111·onnti1·l'!l,atJ\,.,,nu,1:ih;1lf ye11l'l! old, mnde nn e11na tly good ~howinl? 11•J; !, t le grades.

4. The un1ke cattle cnn be much incret1se,l in wd:ih i h_v good winter fCf'<ling.

5. lt would bani 1;,1irl l.>etcer to h1n·e ""hi the!'<.:' elll•e~ :n ,veanin,<:. 1hnn to ha1·e kept nn,l fed them.

THE PEANUT. l'l'i; CULTUHE AND USES.

H\' W. It. Hl~A'l''f !l~,

Assistunt Jlort ic11/turU t, 1Jureau />/u ni l11d,n<lry, U. S. LJepa.-tment of

IS 'l' IWO UOTfO.\.

Very lit tle ls kuowll 1-egarding the ,:arls h istory of th e peanut in the Uni4."<l Sta lef' exttp1 that it wm; lmmght into the country during the period ofsla>"e importnrian nud became esrnblished u loug thll ,lurnes l{i\·e1· in \"irgiuia . ! tis no t until nfter the Civil War that ,n, find :in,r re<>ord or peanuts becoming a eommer~ial crop, and tben ouly ou a »ma ll scale. l 'rior to this 1i111e pe:1u ul11 were grown iu gnrdcns for home use, nud the 1mt~ when pru-che;l were considered a grear treat by ihe chihln·n Soon rhe value of peanut\! ns a rnnney unp w:is 1·ecognhed and fa rruers \Jeg.iu growiug- nu acl'e o,- tws ► lor the m:11· ket, aud upou 1his l•ell"in1!i11g Jrn,i bcc11 buil t n11 imlu,ll'y th:it rt!prcsents ten O" , .. , :re 1ui ll ions of dollal:'>l ann11a!l.1\ 011ri11g lhc c:nly d:, ,n! or the pcnnnt. indn~n;· or bvo nu·ieties were recog11)~,ed, those lrnl"iug th,· JJods !Jeing known as "Virginian~" nntl rile smnl le,• p<ul. ded aorts us "A fricans ." 80011 the forme r,, ob~e1·1·ed I ba t among 11.te large-po(} rnricty there were ccrtniu fllanrs thn t were of a more compnct or bunch hnb\t 1111111 !he )!('[l• crnl crop, which spreml or ran upon the grouuol ; also

,s

thlll rh,,w bunch pl:ints protlm:etl lnrger po,J~ thnr, tile ru uner t_qie. Accorrlingly the two ijOfl.11 l\'Cre ~e1•ar:ne,l. and the IHIU\t;t! or ,;Y irg;iuin B un('h '' nntl •·\'irgiu!;; f:nnm'1'0' gh·en them.

Thi: h:1\Jit~ or the 1aa:11rnt render it e~peeinll," 11<.:ar,ceJ tu c11 l1frn tion nu 1he 8(1 11o.J.v .~oils 1hl'on;,hout th~ i,. .. 111 !1<,r n Stn1ei,,, aJ/ll th e wide r:mge~ of 11 ~e~ to wh!rh it mny lie l'"t makeii 1t n ,·nlunb le 11d olitiou '" our farm rrnp'! . Our ia g pn~tyelln! the;,re/\terpnrr ofthecMnmereinl 11{!t1n111 ,·!'"I' hn~ IJ«!n proliuced in Yirgi nin. ;\f,rth f\1roli n11. ,.;,.·;, ii Carollnt1, C.eor,.!i:i. and TenneF~e<.'. W it h !he hull ,,-~,-,·ii injuri ng the c,,tlon ero11 of the !-onthw~ll•rn ;;1,;1,-. ,:.e pemmt 1•romi~M lo heeouw :,n iru pnrt:111 1 mnne_.- CM!• .,n <l. ;t part .-, r tl,e rcgu!nr farm rntnlinu of 1h i~ ~e<-ti,.u . iu man)' enFICII the peanut Jm,i 11rn1·en run_,. n~ prnfitnl.1,· ,:~ an,,· r,1hc r farm crop. '!'he prodnc1iQn of Jot<:lll l!l, '1a•

not kept 1iice wit h the iucrea~e,1 de111:111,l. a n,\ 11J e1•, . i~ JiHh• ,111n~•ll", for the p ,·e~cnt nt l~•,i,t . ., f o,·er·~tnc!.in~ r] ;e

; :~~(~:- !l;;r:,~I::~ ~~:n;:~Je~::7 :;l~ll'~;t::e:,~:lC~¼ <~!;~:.~~~ 1be oil mi11~ enn Jumdle !he ~nrpln.•. nrnki n:; 11,,,r,.fr .. m one of the finest e0<Jkiug ti ils that enn l'f' 1•rn<h1cc,l . T!:e en);,, re,mltin~ from the m;"11111fnel11rt> o r nil i~ ,·n h•ab:,. , .. r ,tock feeding :rntl fertili~1·. There i~ nhn1y~ the "I'!"'" tunily locon1·ert 1,cnnnt11-intnpnrl; th:'lt ,dll lirin1tfa oe;: fJr1cee. Th<: f11mou~ ~mithfi••ld ham" nn<l hneon. 11:hich !IClt llt fr,,. ., :~, to -to cents a p<'tmd. ure mnde fro,n lo ,-~~ tl:it :ire 1~• ~1 1y r,.,l .,., pe:m n1 ~ . .-\!I kin•\~ of Ji ,·" ,r,,,,. 11,iJI e.it nnd th rire nu pennut~ an,I peanut hn.1·.

T11c 111•11nlH beloni;-s tn 11,c 1<nme fnm iJ_.- ,;f p la111S n• ,!o t he ch>1·c1'!' . nHnlfa , bean~. :, nd j'('iiS. hnl hn~ rhe h:1hlt or dc1·clop ln i; its ~ee•I~ m1 ◄ lcri,! !"Ot1m l of c :; top, nfi do 1u(ll0t o f the le;.nml'~. nur iug th,:, cnrl_,. ,l:irs when pcnnuta were flt'!', f cnl th-nttd it n· n~ th.-.i1~ht n<•rHaary to conir the blossorm, wiih ~oll hi nr,ler tn ,eenl'e n·cll•flllcd pod1<• It i,; onl.'· ntee"!nr_,·. l11>11·e,·er. th:1· Th••re 1<hn 11 hl he ii hc1l of IO<l!'I! ~oil ~nrronn,lin::- tht pl11nr• :•'l'.l

1ht-y wi ll then c;11-e for 1hemsel .. e1; . The bl011.-.om~ of rhc 1,ennul :11,1JC!a 1· :i llonl gi·oun(I, shooling ont from whc~ the Jen! joiusthest<'m, nodnt t1irferti li7, a{i,-,ntnk!!l!pluoo 1hl' 11 0,n·r withtirs a11,J 1ho 11Hle stem or pe g clo 1J :;-atei. unt.1 1,u~li0, down iu to lh ll Nt rUi, where th e Jl"d develop~. Thi~ habit of the JJC!an llt hn~ nu important be:H'IU~ upou the productiou of tlil! c rop in that 11ean111~ ijhouM be 11hrnled onl_v upou 10Qlle, ~11111\~- 80ils, and I.he HOH 11111111 be we\leulHvatalnud lonllCi n o r!lcrlhat t!Lepe.;s urny entcr the Foil nnd fo1"111 poo l~.

1n common wilh ,,thcr li'gnmes the ])('au111 has H,e 1,owcr. through the a;:-eucy of hHctel"iu upon i ts 1·oots, to draw llui nilroi:-co from the air at,ul nol on ly 11 ~e ii for it.- Q\\·11 growt h Uni !n ~1 u1·c le for the use of ocher plants :u, wel l. .\n illust1,ition ot th l~ m!ly be had by pulling up n pennnt J>lau l amt uut ing 11.te immen!'C u nr.1\,c r of nilro· f.!"11 ·J;•Hhning nodn!ef! u1,on i t!!- roots.

TllE i;:.011, .\NI) l'l'i::. PHF,P,\R.\ TI ON

Pcmrnt~ 1hrin• loe~f on a i·.itllcr loOl!C, AAnrl.f lonm 11oil , ~ll<'h ns i~ fon"'I in nl111n1lnncf! throu:.:hout the l'!nuthcrn ~ f nlf!!<. The ~oil ijhoul<I 1 .. , 11·ell d mineil, or 1\·hnt I~ or. 1.l inaril~· cermed n '·1n1rm" ~oil. P eanul.11 i:::tn be g ro11· n 011 lhe hea1· ier al1 11dnl 11nil~. hnl nre ensi,ir to cult iq1.te i1nd mnmre better on the li:.:br, AA nd_,. !0:111, 11uil~. It "·ill pay to prepare the !nnd fn r J")('Anuh in a m""t Oiorongh n1nnner, a nd much or lh<' ,1illkn11y h, l: r r pini: 1he c,·, ,11 cltian will be avoi<le,t h_r hnr1-nwi u;! o r ,li~kin,: ni,. lnnd t"·o or three timeii l>eforP plan!i nJt. 'l'h <' !-lpuni~h 1·nriet::, mny be grown on mnch hcn .. icr !an,! than the , ·i rizin ia Bunch or Runner.

l'cnnuh ~hould not he i:ro11,•n exclnsh-ely ou any farm, 1.,11 iu rotntinn wi th oilier crops. T'eau ut~ nre 11dnpted

50

to growing· iu a srst1Jm wirh coni, cowpeas. on1,. ~• aDJ Irish poratoes, the crovpiug arrangem,:, " t bd u;: mmle to euufot·m to local requirements. The crop vf 1,c.1uu1~ should inrnriuLl_r follow some crop t li,n bas IJt" 11 ~<: pt eu lth·atcJ und ,.;:i~••mlhly eh,u11, ns rhi~ d ec1 ·,-:1 ,e.• t he l,1\Jor 1·c,1u in,d to kl>ep lliewC<lds nnder con trol.

\\"hen fitt i11g lmul ·for [ll'llnuts ir ~h,.111, l b, :.\ ho111 lhe f;.'I U1e .Jcp !/1 ;, ,; for corn, brn ,1<lc,1s t iui,: 1mderaUlc to loe,hliug . If the land k,., the p1·m·i.,11~ ~tiasuu it should Uc plowed in all"w lhe 111,ileria l~ i hnt a rc turned u11.Je\' 1.0

decay bcfnr\J 1,l:iutin ~ time. Some ;;rowe1·., J•l'l'fol' ,, , the lnuJ anti lhen tl1·;1g tlow11 allllost le,·el l,efore plau 1 ing, hnt 011 the who!!) it is \Je tter To kee p rh e , 111· fa .:·c lUllOOlh n nd llw11 \\"O l" k the ~oil I0\\"(11"(1 !h r

l'1Hing

Crnun,crci al fp r til ir.el'~. if \olietluho11t1het i1111.'thela11;l !Jcfo1·;, planting . .-\ c ,~,p of Gfl t'fl•111ireabon t S:ipo11nUsofnltrogen,15 phoric :icid. 32 1~,nnds of po tn~h . artd pound, nf It would l>e ,liflicult to ~ecure n fe rtili7.er that w.,,:] ,\ - ' >!· p l_,. (h t,~(' rh.- u1<•ut,; iu 1he :ohove 1•i-o1,nr ti ,,us : in fa et . '!

wn11 I,! nut he p1·,.thahle to retnn, all of these f'l l"nenr~ e.•pe.: inty 1he nitroµ:e n , iu th1J soi\ b~· menus of comrner,0 ia l fertil irRl'1' .. \ fortilfae r containing ahont :! ri<?r r N11 nitra.• geu, 8 J><.!t" e<!UI J•ho~Jllwri\J add. aud 8 per cent pnta~h is re1Jommende,lforpe,iu11 rn,andthisrna.•1>rofi!abl_, h,•n1,Jllie,I ut t he rate o f :!Ofl 10 ·!00 ponJJdS tu the ncr, •. Tll i~

wi ll 11<M tht nl'i'essnry ph<»iphoric adct nntl pv ta;; ll 10 i;rnw a \Jt'OJI, bnt onlt a smnll par t of ' thc nltrogc•n: ril e reniaiuing ailro1:,'"!)u caa bes1Jcured more cbeapl_,. th r .. ugll the ng1Jnc_;- of cowjl!)as, crimson clo\'er, and the J)('ltnll'~ fhp111~<! lves if lhe~· Hr"e JJrOJN:rl_v handled.

Sto\Jle manure is not a desira\Jle fert i li,.i·r for !Jeau uls u nless applied about n year in advance. 'fhc ohjcct ir,11s Ill mau 111·e ;ire thnt it cnrries wilh il too rn,my w~-..:-l seed~ nud also produces n r nnk growth of pe:in nt ,·inc at the l'Xp.,n~e of the peanuts.

Lime is essent ia l to the proper ri pe11i 11 g of the J*a· uuts,an,J whe t·e not alreaUy a lmudnntly prc8cut should be npJ>lie<.I to the,soil. :llarl isoflen used ns a imh~titme fo r lime, \J()i 11 g hau](!,l and s1•i-eaU upon the l;ui,J tlnri11g rhe winter mouths. Urt.l iunry lime 111n .'" he u~ed ;,t 1hf' 1·;o!f: of :.Jl~ I to ~110 pon n,ls to the aeNl on land bcin;: plal! te .J 10 1ic,rn11ts. In many cm;C!! t hi, ~oils ,,f the Southern .-:1at~'>' a l'e vretty well ,s upplied wi t h lime. ""here thel'e i., nn) doubt a l.,out rhe mat ter l ime ~houlJ be ~pplie ,! lo :1 po r tion of th,: tle\ti at lenst nnd its iull nenct: nr,on 111,• yit,ld :11111 ,-ipenin~ of the peanu t.~ oLsern,d. The limt: ~111,ulll

00 applied to the surfnee :irter plov.-ing an,\ n·hi lc tittiug the lan,l fo,· plimting.

WooU :,sh~>ll a,.e an exeellt'n1. fP.rtillze1· ror pea 11 ,111<. as tl, e.,· contu iu both potn~h nnd lime. Cnfor t1111n tely, t ~e 11 11 1,pl.r of wood ashe,; is 1111i te 1i111i1e,I aml only ~ma ll rinan tilies rna_y be ,;ecnred. n 'hcre oh1airn1h],,, nnleachc, I woo,1 ,1 she~ ma,v 00 aµi,licd to pennnt ln11 ,I nt n rn1 e no t e:<c,·ed-ini;: t ,:!00 JK,nnd~ to the llCl'C.

t-en.wal merho,!;; are followe,1 iu di~ lrihuii ng 1h•i ferti • li,c,·11 for pcHnut~. ,m(] whil,· some g rower~ employ n nnchut~e dii,t r ilmto l' and ~ow 1he !"ed ili1,<:1· where th l' roll i~ to he, 01hn;; scatter i t hro n, ka11 r :m d harrow ii into the ~oil - The 1'()ots of pemrnts do not spread like tho~c of corn. :11 ul it nlH J' bt.'lllOl"C€CH11ornical toUJ)l)]_I" the ft:1" · 1i l iu:rs ro the row r uthcr tha n broadcast.

l'LA!\"TTNG PE..\::-.UTS.

C,irl'ful seled ion of ~'-''-'" is ji,s r a~ important wi th pea•

52

llU\1! ;i~ with fill.'' oilier farm or gni·,lrn crvJ,. Ou1· \tt!,· vu l'ictil.'R bf,n: 01·i:;:iu;1te<1 hy .,elec tivu, ,nid it ,,an,I• 1<• n!.:ll!On th:i1 th••.•· nu,.-· i..., >'till fur!her i1111,r,,n,J by ,1,._. -•a1111: 1iroce<~. T~e bl.',.r of the er"]' "houhl ;il wn,r.• \,.. 8nrt•,1 fo r ~l'tl[I, and wlit•re,·n II r,1r1lculnrl,r t1ue pl;1n1 i{.fou11d it11houl,J bef!llnYl ><t!para1el)' nm.I the pc-m111l11n1· ed in n row to 1hem~eln_•,;, en· In n 1<,uall 1,atch l\'hnc 11.iC',.,. cau be c!o~cl~· obNurc,t. If i;CHrnl extr,, tlllc 1iln111~ l\'Crcselttlcd n11d tht 1.oenuul~ from c,1ch s;n·cJ !<ell,.1niH'l,1·. thi~ t;eetl mig:111 be 1•hm1e,I in n speci!ll $eed pl:it. n 1•,m· l,e, ing (]e,·oted to t il e 1•rflth1ct or l.'a cli plant: in r~is wn.r com 1111rill<'.IOf urn~· he mu, !e from 1hue to time nnd 1he l>e.•t 11m·e<l for further ~l i?<:l iou. The idrnl pln11t ~honM 11ot nn ly prod uee n Jn,.go: 11mn loe1· of pcnl,;, hut llw pod~ should he well l\l!cd, uuifor111 in ~ir.e, ~111001h, 11nd of l,r!f!hl cnlor. 'rile rJC11s lhcm1<Ch·c11-i,hn11ld be plump, bright, uniform i11 sha pe, 11 11d well fil lc•l. lf n grower (]oes uot lrnl'c n ,1,rood etralo of ~,>cd, he sltouhl p11reh11.•I.' from ~omt01u:• who h~~ gil-e.u t he mnttcr 11tte111ion: then iu fntnre ,re:i n 1riw• cspedul cn re 10 1he 11u1ttt>r of ~arin:i. ::ood S('r,l

The !11.'E'd uf lhe larµ:1· rn1·i,•1lr,: ,of 1.;-,11:m s ;11•,. l•l';h'lkn l l.,

;ill .• helled b,,· h :rnd r .. ,. 1,lnuting. / ,. thl' c.i ~e of 1lie >- 1•;•11 ish the J>t.>,16 prud ic,111.,· /ill 1h<· J•fl1l~. uink ini: it dinkult 10 H•mo,·r tl0<• shrll 1,y ),;in,]. Tht· umd1in~ u~,,,! in 11,., fnchwie:< for "h('llin,:: pe, .,1 111~ hr<:nk th •• 1w•:1.• n,,,, . ._. "" 1,-.,;. am! e,·eu whe n tl,c I"'"~ n1 ... nol Urol. c11 the i:c r111i uu1i»n is ortffi injured by rhl.' rough 11..nge in !'helling. For 1hi~ l'en~on It has hel'n fnnnd ~nrer 10 plMJt the Spanish pen~ i 11 t he she ll n 1111 .. st ~..:c h ,sh'i-1,,._ The ~hC'llcol r><'n~ wlll sprout a HIile mo1~ l]llickly l b:in tho~ ill the ~h l'l!s . but a kl\· da . .s· \i nie will not 111nke nu)' 11rn1cri11\ difference. lf ,hi~ il't1ble, the J)(J<l~ may ]>f- ~onke<l i11 wntcr fo r n fi,ti: b onr~ bcfoni 11laoting, in <>rde1• ro hn•ten germination.

The mochines now upon the mai·ket fo1· J•laoting peannil; arc cons t rncted bOlllCwlrn t upon the pla1u of the onehorse cotton planter. '!'hcsc muchiu,:,s ore well 111.!npted to pla utiug the shel\00 peu~, l,o th of the la l'ge :ind ,niall rnric t ies, a ud, if t he peas are cleuu aud fn>e from ~temli, arc r111 itc sati sfuctory for 111anting the i'-p:on ish nui.• in the ~hdl~.

Ju u~ini the one-horse muchint'!; the bin tl i& fir,;t la id o!f in row~ outJ way t,_v 1rn.:aus of ri ut:.,rker aimiliu,· to ll lfll used ia l,iying ,,tf C(Jl'H l'UW~. The pla nter is then 1"u 11 i111his rna1·ka11ditdror:--,C<J1·e1'>!,androolsatonc opern1ion. The d itre1·ent disrnnces of planting m·e rei:;u lated h_r dw11~·iug II gear wheel on lhe 111ad1ine.

Fm· ll11n•l c!t·u1•1 •ing, furrows or mark8 nre made witll n ~weep-~1od or s iag!e ~hon,l j uijt n little in nd rn11C<' of the <lrOp]'er~ 10 1•1·e,·ent ,11._ving nnt. The s.:-e(l p,:111111t~ iwe hauled to the iicld in l>ngs, nnd close-\\'oren l.wsket~ of ;1 1,ont ha lf-bu~hel sir.c hm·e been fo;md clesir;ible to dl'op f rom . T he d1·opJl<.'I"!! ~imply take u 8U Ulll handful and wor k t hem hctwccn the Crnrnb au() fi rst fi nge r u t the surne time stoopi111; sligh tly io ot,for to drop the polls at regulur ,li~tnnccs. Bchiurl th e d roppers the ~eed is conired by lll<'an~ of a <:11 l tirn1or J1 n1·i ng the center teeth 1~111on;d ;rn ,l n notched bonrd place,! acro~s the rear portion , rhe nolch <:nrni1Jg <li l'eCfly o,·e r· the row. The hol'l!e that drnw~ the enyerlng cuHin, tor 01· harrow ~hould he hitched witl1 n ~lde draft so tlmt i t '!\'ill nol walk tl irectly upor the \'OW.

'l'hf' phrnting <li ~!anccs u·ill depend upon the vnriet.v hciu ;:- grow 11: n l1«• 11 po11 !he s trcng:111 of 1he Jnnd. l<'or

the ,·irgi11iu Huuch rnriH.•· the u~unl ,l isrnn~ 11 r.- ;;(I l u

36 i11 che!! hctwce11 t he row >1 nud JU 10 1:! lnthc~ in th e n,w;

for nriiinin Ru nners 1he rowM :,re plncctl :rn !v ~ (J Inch<.-•

a1wrl nnd the pl.ull >J 12 to Hi inches uparl i11 the r,, 11·s.

J.'01" Spauhl, und othc1• >1i111ilinr n1ri,•1ic>1 the row~ lll'\·

µl uced from 32 to ::JS iuche~ ap11n 11 1,d the 1,Ja111~ 8 to l:!

incll l!!' fl l>.'l rl iu the n,11·~-

The ,lcJ•lh 10 co,·er 11,e M-f'1nmewh:1t

upou 1he co1111.:1ctn,:~s of the ,:co illf the ~oil is M :1 !i;,ht

"'rnd,,· unture t1n d in g ,~,d cHndition rhc ~,,ed ~h ot1 \J l ,e

covered ahout 1111 iucll ,Iee1,. $1lo11ld the ~o il :ti pl .1nti11~

t imC' be •111 ite dr~· it will he des irnlJle 1n oo,·n 1h.- ,ced 111 t, •n~t q or :l i11 cllc~ to 11,~111·c ;:ermin:ttion.

Aftm· plautin;: . "t'ed pennnt~ n1,:: ••ften niol e."11••1 lo.,· molei!I, c row1;, and piJ.,'l'OD-"; hl:tekllil·J~ nre :tl$o ncc11,,<cd

of Je11 t royi ug llie yo•rn~ J•la uts ju."t a~ they cuwe tl,rou:;h \lie ground. For the protccllon of the ~eed in the• s .. il frorn 1110Jeii it is J)l' J"111i~s il,Je to coat the ~lil' ll~ n1.1· lii;!ul,,· with pi111: tar 1hinnc1! with kero,;eut. It would hnnll •· lie µermil<l!i ble 10 "oa t tllc ,;litlle,J -.1 wl1h t:ir. uhhm,~h 11 few 1:oe:is 111 ighl hf• l11r1-e-t1 :ind mixc,1 ,.;,1, !h(• regula r seed. For p1·otl'C lio11 aga i11H crows 1;!retch liuo' ~ ,,f ll"hite strlug across t he llcld; nl~o ~,.,,irer II f!'w tarn>!l , ~•,1 s on•r ihe surface I)( lhei:-i-,mnd. l'i;:Pn11~ m·,· l"'rh,q ,i,, 1hlm011! cliAicnl! 10 Plther fri11 h 1<- 11 ,,r n•J•·I. uu,l ,i,,. u~e of a ;.1J,)ti;un i~ the mo~r ~r- ,•1ili 11 rem p,Jy . 1f llu, ,-.-1,,l ,m, a ll !ll:Cu re l.1· eo,·e,"t'll in pl:o111 i11p: tfo.,,'l' will uot be,.-. _zr(-at rl,m~l• r rif ,· row~ "r t, lh r-1· t, lr1l• ~,,tt in;:- a ;.rnn " l"'ll th<"m

\.:l,;LTIVA'l' ION

1'!,e tot>l11 ad;111ted fut •he cnllfr,illon of pennuts nre !'r nc1icnll_,· 1he 11111ue11st ho,;e~11iredforcorn. Sho1·tl_v ;1fler plan1 h1 g the 114.!n tm! field urny 1,e goue 01·er once or 1w1ee wl1h a weefif'I• ,.f 1he King or Hnl lock type, 01· with ,1 iig h1 harrow: 1v Joo,;en 1he 11urface and degtroy ,. . .._..,, 11< th:,f :oro: ~lar1in)l". ln n11h1g Th ~ tool, 1·ery little

a t te nt ion need btl 11.1 irl 10 Ille row~; ln fat1, 11HWJ' growe,·s 111·erer 10 !!:'-' ,tirectly ucroAA tbe NJl'i'8. La1er, :1fter th.e pl nu•~ ,1pp,mr nnd 11,e row~ c1111 be fo!lowed, oue or two tectl1 r :111 be 1·e11101·ed from the w~der. and this type of cuhi,·ntiu11 ~•.H11i u1u ..... 1 until tl1c pl ll nt~ nre l11 1·ge enou~li fo r workin~ with r c11 ul:11· corn c ulli\•a ton. .-\ two-ho1·><e s11rit1)!'•too(h rilling e111th·nt01· Ii, our of the be~t imple m1·ntR rn r h11ndling the peau ut crvp, uud afler 1he phwt~ uttai n con!llide1·ahle q!1,0 !hr, ,i: prini; tee th cr.n be cha nged fnr the r<!!llllnr 1<ho,·cl teeth. ,\ 011e-bo1'l!e cultiva tor hm·• ing fin: teeth is :il&o nu (!J[Cf'l le nt implement, ns lhe ~i,.e of the ,i: lwvcl!! c;1 11 be lncn!ll><e,I "" the crop l,ccnmes lar~er, or hiller" cnn he 111t11ched fol" worki ng the 1101 1 townrd the l'O W~ ,1r pl;111f"-,

' rbroughon t the 111'tn\'ing vr :i c1·011 of rien uuts it ,sln,11 ld he the nim lo kt'l!I' the enti ffl 1mrr,, ~"t• or 1he "'"i l li uc und lor•..e. anJ A be,I nf loo><c11nil nenr 1hr plnn111in ,d,ich the 1~~11< ma.1· fonu. I I i>< ><cn rcd.1· necl"';<;•r.,· to ,ul,l 1h:H the crop ,;h onld IX' ke11t frt."'t: fro1u ,1·(-e,.h . . \t The fh-H cnlf irn 1ion it l,i: con~itlcre,I ,1 j!:O.)(! pr11,..lice tn throw 1lu::, ,..,;il \\"(Ill to"·;,nl the 11luntij, for111h1J? a 1..,,1_ nt the ><;lme time lea1·lng n small f •HL'O'II' in the center of the all l'.1· 1o!)l'Ol'idedrainngclncai<evfllra,·.•• r r, ir, ij_ ltio:unt 11e<>l'N'nr_v to cn .. c r the hlnl;l<Om~ nr to 1hmw ~ui! o,·P.r 1hc

, ill('.~. ~•>lll{l ~l"U\l"L•I~ 1,,tlu"· 1h, pn1c· 1ic,· ,,r l'vllin,;- 11,., p,•:111ut>1 io 111 :1kc 1ho.: 1.>e;:~ ;,; u inlo th e i;i·onn,1 ;11;,i J .. rn, 1•vd~. The be~t B1d!J o,l i~ ,., \ 11'<)\"i\l e an al ,1!1i•l:111 :,, , f lv<•><ecnrthuc:11· 1ltc1•la11t.-:audlht'.' " i!lhu,c11,,,:i;"·<:lt_, in 1,L;,111,- se11;ui; J,v,l~. c_",u·c ,luml-1 I..; lfli,.••U. h• •\\tc,·c:·. fi ::H the J'l'~> that m-.. ali ·,•,uly rololc,I 1,._. 11"\ ,!J,1:·1l,1Hc•l t,, th(·lln .ol c 11 l1irnri .. n. li:11ulli/oei11i,: n,n_,·:, ..

l'-"l •H·i,i l i_,· dHti11g H r;1i11_,· ~,.,,,.,i,. ""~" tl o,• ;:r;, -. rn11hlly .

i'e.iuub :u~ t,",.,,~,,:,,: I"· liflin)!" he ,·i 1tL•-" !r<,ui d,c E:C-•>1111,l with th,· JO(><!.'< uHa<.'11(',! nml tht-n ~rncki11:! , - ,., ri;~,:,m: >1111;1I] 1,,:,ic.-: ro cu,-,,. l'n>]'e r lrnn·('slln~ :m,\ ,:11ri:, ~ i~ lhf' !11""' im['olt:tut J•:u! .,f the h:rn,]lln;:- ,,f th~ !k;n• C!'OJl . .\fauy 1-"''"'0"~ "I"' •IJ"C J!l'OTI"ill;! j>l'.11111!• fn r ;I<,:

fl 1·s1 tiwe hare nn i, lcn 1ln;t the 1:ro11 ma., 1.,. ln!n,11~-l :11 N >ll l fl ,:,; >< iCI" :In t! che.ipc1· w:,y 1l1au hy ~t ,ick i1 1:::. but rnr11_,. yea1N< o r 1u·a.-!ire h,is shn1·;11 1ln11 ,1 :id;ii,g ;o 1•,.,1u,I 1•·,e• is the sim 1•le!'I ;111 ,J lir,

and pc:i~ in rite smnll slr.d:s 1hr.•· lfl"l'.! 1oe1·mi•H·•l ,., ,11·.elowly n:HI nt tla ~ ~llUll' 11.nr ;11.,.. in~ .. ~mnll •1 11 nmh.• tin· lh<'~- will nO! 10('(:r,rne 1>11•,<1_, ·.

'l'he p,•,.1,er t i11 1e (.,,. limn•s1iu;.: 1h,- )" ·a11111 .::•,.,, i• ,li,·me,l by a l'ipeni n;:.· :11°1,,..nn11ir,· nf th<' ,·inl'~. This l'••n• ~l><IH ,,r it sli;:.ht .nllc,wl11;!" nf lhe folii1;:r• nn1? a ,lt•..,,r ,i , ::or 1h<l l"iues. .\ few .:,1.,·>< l111cr ~01 nc .-.r rhl' lown le:n·,._ will be~in to fall, ePl..-.ei:illy ir the weather i~ .Jr.,-. T .. :j, uortbern linoih; of ,1,,. ,~•aunt ter.-itor_,. the hn1•,,.,ri11::~honld lie dune just heforc frost. ~llln.•· lo<';:lnnen= in,i,1 upon ,Ji;:ging their pe:,nut eroJJ loo .-m·ly 11011 IO{'f,.rt> 1!-: pens lrn1·e full umtured· !ti.• trne tli,n th"re nrny !..-, a pod no"· flnd t h<' n "hich h11,.,.t~ a tnl ocemi~ fotth n sprou t l!llt I.he number of (l u•~" :we fe ll' n~ e<,mpni·c,1 with thr,se oi lnf e.t formation whirh n re rn1,iill.,· fllliu:,r. \\"he,·e J!'"" : pc11nut hay i~ l'~tl('('!.11!.,· ,lesi ral,1e th!' i'r,,p ~h ,,nM 1,.

1..t .. n·estetl in time to securc the best quali1y of l"ine and leaf.

'l"he usual custo,n in tile o lder peanut sediotls has ))C()tl

lo ,;irnpJ_,. run a plow 1mder ti.cc roots and lift tl.teui ft-0111 the i:nnrn,l. :-<ometimes :1 ~1iee ial ly de~igned plow is \181:'d li,1ri11;;- :i ~h:11·e "1 wilh H broad wing; t o e~terid he m;:a(h 1he J•IHu1~; h11t ,i. .. ILll'JJing 01" )l,o ld hoard is 1·t:n1orecl to J'l"C\"Cll \ the fut·r,,11· lwiug the idcu lK,iui: to ~implr loo~e1t the p ia111s. 'l"IJ is ur plowing out tilt, nop hlls l:.eeu

1nens11re for the gener:1 1 tlerleTi\Ju tho.,J'l<:nont belt . "f61Mi11t,iin

mu8t 00 left in Ilic ~oil. By the

of fer!ili r_v bas l!een 11,e re~ulr. i~ to employ a tool which will c nl on· r~•t·lion of I.he root anil leave it in t lw ~oil. In >C\"{'t·al ~eetjo11s the farme1·s h:ffe h:111 ~pceinl tools 111rnle f,,i- , . .,,..,j.,~· uu,lcr lil,: 1••:11H1( due;,. aml

~011w nf 11ie~c ;11·p w<>rthy of UJDre genernl nse.

ha,·el,c,•11

fnun.Jqnit,• bu tnsa 1·11],. 1hf"'•' i r111,1<•111<.>ui~ h,,,.r ;i , ,1 al\,.,,. a l«:ar_,· _:;:. ,-.--,,vth of pt,:lm1t vin""' In p:1~8 thi•on_::h .\t 1•1·ese111 n•1·_r much lnrgcr mad,ines ar(• 1,eiug pcl"feete<l a)l( I t•~pe r i:dly :1 ◄ !:ipte, l to (ht, work in the pca1rn t tlcld~. 'l'hc 10,nchine or eievatcr llOtalo dig;::crs r-c. 1uirc nbout t'onr mu){'~ to pull them. h1t l mar be so reguluh;J 1hnt 11,._. point "f the ,hg_:;:.er wil l eut off the roMs j11~1 lwJ, ,w th<' Jll,nnnts nre fot'me,1, en 1· r.1· tile vine~ wi th 1lw 1~·a, altndted 1q , mttl ove.- tlw clevnior deviet>.

and t!eli1·er th<:111 .. u 1he ground !,e~ind rhe ni,1chine wi1h practica lly all or lhe soi! shakeu from t~em. ,\n outfit ot this ki 11 d ll'ill ,lig frum S to 1:.! ncr-.:s daily a wl [·e•iu in 11bout :Wlia11d.s iostaek!IWl"i ne,shehiudi!. Jr, iun,l1hat iH weedy 1herr· i;;,1twars ,l itlicul1r iu ha1•,·e, 1iug 1lle u oJ,. reg:ii-d less of the kind of implcmeut used for digging.

As alren(] _,· Hlt•11tio11e,L the 1,ro1 t<, r met hod of curi11g 1,eauu r~ is to , 1.iek them, ,·ioes and ni l. nronu ,t .-take'- set in the fie ld whel"e the Cl""]' i~ :,:t·own. l'.cfore sc a rd1q; to h ars·e~t the crn1• 111·ovi1le tile ~mall 1,ole.• M he· "-'-Cd :,~ atukei- :u-.,uud whid, lo ~ta<:k 1he P<'iluuts . Tl:ese ~rnh·~ ~hou hl t,e i feer in lcu::l h by :iho11t ;~ <Jt -I iuehe~ in '1 iu111 elcr, nml 11rn_1' be eiiher ~plil o ut of i,irge or simJ,ly ;;m nll -"ni,lin;:s wlth the bark upou them J~ to 35 of the"e 1•ol<"s will he Pt>q nired for each aci-e . accon l ing to tile -"la ud ;ou,I ;.:,·owih of l"iue; tlrn 1·n le. hOll'en,r. is ubou t :?'.! stftc!.;s to the acre . lfa1·e t he pole~ hauled and pile,! wh('!"t' tl wy can he con,·cniently di, t rihnred t hrough !hi' pe:111111 fi eld wh<'n the ru$h of han·e<1 i,::::

A~ a ru le 11 , 1:3, <1r 1;; r ,,ws of pcauuts a re 1,l:o c,·d in n sin1,: le 1·ow of s tach. T he ,lii,:gin)! mncl,inc i.- sT;Jrt(-d iu the ccn1'cr, on 1he row where the stach are (0 , ancl. aud is wol'kcdontwlll'd until theurcl'!'.•nr_,·nnmherof r1>wsa1e li fted .. \f1er !lie noachiue hn~ 1,:aiued sntlicie11t bra,]wa.,· t he pole,, :ore rli~11·ilm1rrl n1 ,Ji,ta11e,., , 1·a1·yin ~ fr, ,111 J:' to 20 pn('('~ n11d sd in t ]l(' :r1•1,11u,1 by n1e;o 11 .s of ;\ l"•i11,,.,,J bar, o peg nn (l n m1111l. .w l,_1· n pos t-hole ,li~;!t•r. :111 .J tmu1,e'1 iu pl:, ee. T !:P stn];.- shonl(l h,: sd int" 1he snd llUfficien t ly ,1,,rp 1n]•l·"1·i'H1ll1<• .,J:1ck th r A1 1L r,· IL :11 ,.l . l]u,_,. shnnl,) nnt i>f' s<"I ,.., JllCl'<' Ht 1h,•i r lwi,.;: 1•;,~ih lif1;•1l with 11,,, ,tack :1! 1111•., ,I,

rni11 u pou tht: fo li.1ge, but, :i~ide from 1hiJ1, cllt>J 11111~· be st:ith'<I wi lh in "" I.tour ur 1wo nrter digg in~. Before .~tm·lini:- tu hu il ,J the s tack oall n w 111•le or 1;hoi- t pi.-ces or Jarh n1 1·igh t u11glei, an,,.-.~ Hoe ~rnke ahou t S ii,rh('t. rro1u ihc i:-rnund. lhl'n ~in,1>1.1· build the ~tuck upou th-.;e, keep

inJ! 1110 I'""" 01· roots close around 1he pole and giving t he n11 1r1· pur l or !ho ~tack u downn·aril s lo pe io carry off lhc water dul"i ug rai n~. A@ thll ijtnck is nearing COJO· pl1•ti oo it ~honl,l he kept h igher in the eC'n l,•r :., 111I drawn in 1ua 11Ul u1. lfcu u1·enit:11t , theto11of thci,l11ck 11rn.,·be llu i~hed with :1 bn11,lle .. r dry gr,i!'.~, or,, fe"' 1~innut vines ut:1,,· ~i mpl_,. 10!' rolled toielhC'r a nd JH'Clll!l'I\ down o,·er !lie ln]•uftll c lmlt-. Wt:\urJ! l"1.."ell h;1_1· s houh1 11c,erbepl:.iccd 011 101, nf 1hc11t:,ck. When cornple1,._.,,J,the i,1 :,ck Nmnld 1,,._. ,,1i .. u11;ft>t:I i111,.-,i;.d, r ;uu\:tiliud,1C'I' iu dinmete1·.

, 1 11 ◄.:e 111,, 1ie,un1t ,· iut·~ nN' i n rlie " tn,·k~ rhe," wil l be ◄.:011q,n,·,1 1i ,·e l v s:i fc- for~. or I, \\'L'Ck~, 01· 11n1il 1hc_v nrc dry c- 11un;.:h 1n pk k from rl.w 1·i11e~. ,\ ~ :\ ride the curing i~·ri,~I will re,iui re m h-.~~t ~ w~·b, nnd if t l1c- IICll1! nrc not 111olt'><!C'd b,1· hi1·,l1-, tiel◄l tuiCT', 1~11~.or1bif",•e,; the,,· nm.,· 1-e 111 :1i 11 In 1l1t• .~tHcb for :\ ,,r -I monthJt wilhom inju r~·Thc ,·ro1, ,,.ill not hc ,-..,..i_,. 10 pick from the ,·i nes unt il the Jtlcm ~ tm1·c l>l"Cm11e hti llle nn(I the l>CnM hnn• nt rnined n 111111_,. !1'll", >r.

Fm·111~l' l,1· 1~n1111t~ wet"t' al l pid; t', l rrom lht: ,-i nes b_,. h nntl . !Il e wl>rk L,eing •loue lnrµ_f"ly h.r llf"j!"f◄ > women nnd ch illh"t'la. Rrccntly 1he rc hn l'e hl'<'ll 1ltin!I0111•1 l SHer:.il nrncbiues for duing this work. Tht"l'C' pen nui-picking mnC'l1!nc,, 111"e ...r ,.,-o typc;.. one bm·iug fl c_,·Under like the ord inar_,, grniu l hrrdier, nn,l i n the other u picking 11\l'!'h of d t:'lj!"Ollllll.1" \\'O\"C II l\"ire jg emJJlOyl'().

~mall qm1utity of n ·r,,· fill• ' .lirt :odh,·t•i[J;.: l" 1• ,~ l, ,,l ' • c,f tlw ]'o>flUIIT ll"liich nrn~f h,• t lH·:H i11 •'

"l!•:111i11g fnclo r.,·. Ti 1<.' nhjcc1i, ·n r .. 1h ,:, ""•·k ,.f 11<:a11ut lhr:wl.,:r,; iu 111~• pa, r i, ;Jwr th, ,_, 1,,.,.1,,. 1,., of the ,;hell .'<, in mnny en"''·~ hninkin::: lh,• l, ,_,i-:"•1 - "' :111,l ren,lcdng llif'm 1111~a ln hle. Thi, h ,·akin~ ,.,f ti, ,c. ,h,:,11~ i!< n mm~ ~rri"11~ d nn1 ,i~-r 1h,n1 1,1i~ltr ,1; ,1~·,11 •t

fir~\ a.s 1he ,l

The pickin!.' r,f pcu11n t~ i~ 1•ni,l fn 1 at~•• 11111d, ]" '' I, ,;; nf 11hont -I h11~hcl~ : ~~ cents n Ion;:- rh:· 1·11li 11:! \ "·k,· In ~um,:, ~cl'tinn~ the nwners nf 11 ,e 1m11·li i11, ·- ,]...,

1,1 ·,,,: '· n

lon l i";:,- 11,:1d1i 1w flH•l ]•JS•~~ the pt'illllll h,1,,· iw" Jn);,:,e,·enei ;.::hih l,n::,,-,l,utn"nf'<>fthc ha,,· . lln ll• l 1•i•·k in:! l, p,oi,1 fo ,· at tlw rnh: nf fr nm 10 to r,o ~e11r.s :1 h nndred

poumlR

\~ the prn uut~ c-,:,rne from the picker rlw,,· are ;,, ~,wk~ and eith,:,,, hnnle<l ,li rect to the cnr• <1 r

f,w l"ter tl<:'li1·,•r_1·- T lw ~tnnolnrJ peanur hn~ i~ nl ,c,u i ~ hnsh(']s. !Ill or !I'.! pnund~ r, f Yirgi11in!!- and 111) to 1'.!11

ot f:pnni,h .. \s the haJ!~ l1l'<' fi lTecl ther are !Cwe,J ~,nd ti<'<l Ht the corner~ fo fncilitMc hnn<llin/! , 1f t.he pN1n111,

:1n• unt lo hr ~n!<\ lmm(•<lint<'\,,·, rhe,1· nre often taken frnm

1lu: \mg~ a1ul ~Lv1ul in bi11~ 111· in ~latte,! cribs where they 11·ill gel a ii·. The s t<:w,1ge roonJ should be proof ngaiast rurs nrul mice.

'l'he pe nnu ts vines, i f 1,roperly em~d for afrer the reu .. ,rnt of the pens , 11iake a n e :,;:ce l\ent hny. Tbe best 1ilun is I<> b a,·e :, lmliug pre,;~ wo1·ki11g wh ile the thra811ir1g or pitking i>! heing done nnd 1we.~~ tbe 1·iues into modera te-8i~.t, Uale,;:.

The pennnt •picking mnch ines break the ba.'I" considern• \JJ.,-, but 1,y e:1re ful harnl li ng in ba ling til t! lenl'CS .ind ~1CUI~ enn be w<Jrked i11to the hn les toget her in t he proper projMJ rticDs. The fee!ling mine of JJCan11t hny renders it wort h while to tnke"pecial )"'ecanriouK in enringnnd handling it. Oue important \Mli ut in eurin:l' pennnt hny is to got the 1· i 11 e~ in 1o the ~nrn ll ~1:ickN soo11 aft er d iggi11g !hem: 11180 to a,·oi{] hav ini,: the h>1.v beeome wet b," 1·aiu~.

At 11rt'!!ent nbout f,ve ,-n,·ie1ie,, of pennu t~ a 1·e J!rown i,1 t he United States, these being know11 n~ Vi.,:: in in Rur11,1) r\ Virginia Bunch, Arri<:nn (01· .Kor1h Cnroli un\, Spanish, aud Valencia, commonl.r known ns Tenne~~ee Retl. The Virgini11 Rnuner nml Bnnch IH'o<luce JIC:I" t hnr n•·e pn1c• t ically alike, these he ing the .Jnmho or pnrehing pcamits of our markets. The .Hricnn, or Nonh Cn rol im,. :os it hns come to be ca lled in ttds counfry, hnH n R]'re~din:t vine and prod11et'~ n 1nedinni.she pea, which la use<l for ~hell• iagpurposes an,J for t.he~mnller grmlft' of pa rehing atoek. The Spnni~h ,·ariety is the amnl l \)ennui , with 0111,,• two peal!, ln H pod, which i~ n~ed ~o cxl ens in•l .,· fo,. the nrnnu• fo cture of "alterl peam,ls, 1.ennut butter. ek . The ;;;pani.~lo lrns n11 uprigh1 or hunch habit of irowth . "·ith the 1iea nul s clnsleo"C<l nhout the lonse c-f the plant. 'l'he Vnle11cln , or 'l'ennef!S<:e Rerl 1·n, ·iety , hns rnthll r lnrj!'c 1111d ~omelimCll rery long J,ods. with ""·'· where rrorn lwn 10

62

>CH:u ~ma ll ,·ed 1,eaij nowdeJ tugc1lic1· iu the l"-',J , Tile Yalem:ia is iu dc111and for use in the mauufac1u1·.., ,;, f ,al t· eJ peaou(s aud peanut l,utter .. \ form of the \ "nlcnda lrnvwn a~ Ueorgia Hed 01· Hed t,;paui~h is c:i:u;11si1·e]y gn;w11 forllogaud ca!r le feerliogh , pa l"!sur the .-.: omhe1·n :-;t:ites• J:l o\\·e,·cr, 1bi~ rnriety is uor des i1·alole f.,1- 1l,e 111a1rkc1. For t he fll'Cl-ent, The !rue S]"llJi>h. vi· l'l1 ite 8Jmui~I, "s it i~ a,,111ct i111 es called. i~ ih,, 1,1·,,1,"1' 1·,11 il.'t.r lo grow 1h n.>u;.:hnn t thc l-011(IL1w,;1c,·11 >" 1.ot t· •. "' i• cnsy of t·ultil'a! io11 :llHl contni11~ " hi;,h \',,,.,:,-nrn gc oil

Tlic pen,,ut~ "~ 1\1e_,. come from tile 1, icki1;;.: mad li11e c,n thl!fM111mcge11erall .1· l,ag;.:e,! , ,md ei1h,·rlwuli·ol,1 i1·ec1 lo t h<! Clll'>< or s tored f,w n short l illlc i ll k1n1s .,,- -ilt·•l~ 11util t l1 c.ven11 l>(' .<hip]a',l. 11 shonld l,ethcnin1 nfH·er_,. gl'Ow<.'r to h"rc hib c,.,.,, go iut<> tlic bug.• in jn, t ,., d,•a n a C"ll(\itio" ;,~ l'"-'·" ihl,-, frl'f! fr, ,11 , ~1,,11e,,.. ~lick~. •lin. and piece-;; of ~lem~. \\"here (l,c arc n" r clcm1ed the lrn,w,·s .1rt• 1n •lock the mul this ahrn.,·~ rC'l;n!!~ iu ro both 1•ar1k, ff t he pe:,~ a1·e not demi a~ t lwy rornc from the 1hrn•lu-1• t li e,1· ~honld lw run throngh n f;rnnin;::- rui l l to I_,],.,,- nut the d ir 1, nnd a f1e1·wm·'1~ pkke.J 0,·p1· l>y hand if ne~e~s,u·~· -

l',';J1111ts :ire cmnpanltirel.r li;::-hr lo ha11dlc ,aod C<Jllsid<.'r:ohle di~!llnces . a11,\ it i~ nut "''""~

s..1n lrnn_. a r,1c1"r.,· iu c1·c1·y ., cc1inn "'h ere pe,1 11 u1, a rc i! l'<.) Wn. ,Is a ru le thc hn_,·,•r~ h·orn (he faCH•rie.< ,:., rne to the 1·nrio11s ><h ippiu~ p()ilJ!s tn inspect. p11 i-ch .1.<e , nn~ luad the peu11u 1s h1t11 1he ca rs as the.,· a1·e hanle1J iu lJ., 1h~ far mcrs .. -\11other metllo!l is where the factory is rr-1,1·, .. Rcnterl in n towu b.,· n merehnnt ·A·h o b u_,-8 the p,:annn from the ra1"111e1":'! aml Mor,:s them 11t1ti l "' lrnterl for ~11i1, ment !o thefactor.1·

63

'1'1.te uurt iu bundling pc;uin ts i,s thr pound rather than the bu.~hel or bog. The la rge \ ' irgiuiu peauu t,s weigh 11 boul :!:! pound8 tu rlie mensurnd bn;; hcl. while the Rpnr, i ~h weight 111:H.,n t ;,W po nnd~ lo the i.,,. ,.1,., 1_ Two nnd one•

half cen1s n po111ul for fa rmen;' ~tock wr.ttld mean all<rnt 'j~ et·1ds :1 busbel fn!' :0- p:rnish, whi!c ;\½ cculs a ponntl, ,,r 70 cent~ a hnshel, wo11ld I.Mc the niling pri\'i'- for \'fr. g in ia.~. lJ.v using ihe JHmn<l :1s t he 1111i t ill bn ,1· i ng :111<1

8Pllin;! J"'ianut s 1lie i ,·onhleso,ue IJUC~ tiou o( ll'cigh t pH h 11 ~he l wi ll be a,·ohled . Peanuts grmn1 in one section 1· ,a.v weig l.t 11101-e to the trnsbel thau lb.n~e g rown i n aii dher or e1·en :1n a<ljoini11g ter rlTOry.

In the fact or_,. the 1icau11 l@ are fanned aud poli~hed to rt,lllO\"elhedirt, au(]a1·ei,c1iarated iuto a n11 mlie1•ofrlifrerent g,·nilcs. n11 rin ~ t he JlrOC<' ~~ th,:_,. 11re ntl cm•<:f11 !l_, JJi cke,l o,·e r h.r lum,I nn, l cli'aue,I nn1il 1·h e liu ished pl'O• d ue ts would 1;carc<.'1.1· l~) re<:o;;ni,.ed a,;; comiug from the ro ng h Et()Ck that wns ship11cd in h_1· th e f, 11·u1er .. -\ 11 of the she!le1l or broken peas 11111st lw "rpairn!cd f rom 1he whole ones a [l(l worked into ~helled stock of ,·nr ious grades

lo the fado 1·i e>1 where th e f.1 11ani., h arc h:m d!ed ihe 1irocess is uot so co,uplicatcd , _ret <•1·eu here there is 1lte ~ame ~ardnl hnn,l p icki ng to rcmm·r> infC'r ior peas :ond rernse no! lnken on t by th<' cleau i11 i::- mnchi11er_v. The peasat'<.!pa,asc,Jow•1·n fan,thcn r,_,.c,.l, e\lcrlnn<l thchulls

blown out. Nell:t the peas are ru11 !hrough II machine whichMpa ra tcs 1he 8plitor broken pens from t he whole ones. The different gradrs arc then ru n on wha t nre termed picking belts besides which a large numher of women arc sea ted ~nrl pick out <' >"er:,· inferior pe.a or 1i.a rticle of!ore ign 111 lltte r. The rd uS<Jfro111 .a pen out fa ctnr;

uf1cn eonlaiu~ p1·aetical ly en,i·~· wa~ te 01· c·,1.- 1 " It tha t war ~ fouud uu the farm . After the d eauiu;; proec~~ is eoruph:Ted 1he p,smu1~ :ne loiif!g"<'li in ele: l! t. new l,m•!ap ba~s aud warked with a stenci l showin;; the t, ,-,1nJ . ::::rade. ,md n1rnwor 1h ,·clc:rne1'.

l'e,u 1111 ~ ll""" tl ud 11~c ~ in :1 ~renl 111,rn.1· w:iy~ a,i,lc fro m L,ei ,,g ruas1ed :ind sold iu lh1ekage.• . The,·e i~ :1 gi·eat :111<1 crn-iucre:,~i11g dcrn, 11 1<1 fn,, J>c, mui~ 1" he u~e<l in the 1n·ep:1ratiun o f ~nl1ed 1:eau u!~, pc.tn\11 Lu11e,· . µc ,rnut ea111lil's, ]l('Hlll!I 11,,111-. , , ,HI q •gct,1r i,in !Jl ('<l l ;;uh-rirllll'~(.'win;! tu the hi;i:h 11ufrilini JH''.l ]l('rtie5 uf pra11111 , 1Lu;_-.l11'1.· ra pi tl ly :isiaum ing an impon,rnt p l~ee :is :1 ~rnn<la n l hurnau foo<l, ranking i 11 this <'el<!H:'Ct wit h 01her legnme~ ,.-hich the_r resem\Jle iucompoai t iou. 'l'Ltecou,. ,un1>1 ic,n of 11-e nunT bu tler nloue 111 nonul~ t o lm nd1·etls c,f cnrl rnl~~ Df 111~ j,1·,,:!11 ,· t ai 11 nn;lll .1

I n !'ranee :ind Gcrm nlL.,· 1t1 illiu11s of huslie l~ of I"'"""'' :11.., ,1u1rnaii_y cru~l,cd fur u il, Ji u- oil \Je in.:; usr.<.1 fo1· eookiug-. for i;:1lml maki ng . and in the !llaee of lrnttcr. 1Yh il~ thoi cuke n,;u!ling from t he 111a11 11 facture of 1he oil i~ use,l as Hock food. Tu t his couutr_'I" we ha \"e man:, oil mill , t lt :i1 ai·,1 e ith r r i1ll(' 01· rnnning "" shon t imr ,,u ace .. nnt or H, ,-. .<hort:ige or co1 1<>n ~rcil, n11,l iii~ onl ,1· n 1na ttH ,, f u little t ime 1111 1il onr prod11ct io11 of peanuts will ,·1whl,~ H~ 1o l,uild u p :, i: n•al i11dus1r,r iu the ,n~n11facrn re ,.f JI-C illlllf oil · !11 J!ellCrill The nil fnnn the peHU Ul )i;B the 1<:11 11c c11li11nr.1· a ud ta t. le "~"" a~ nl h ·e oi l. cottou,eed oil, nu\lNOll1,:0Th('l"l"ei,(etahl(•Oi ls.a nd , like <:<•l " who le~ou,e :,11,l rnl 1mhle fon<l

pou11d11, or II bu,d,cl, of :s11..1ui1-I, 1ieunuti. will ,.-ielJ l gal• Ion of oil i111tl nlloul :.!II poumhs of cul.c .. -\ ga\l (,u (,f thi• oil ill wOrlh i 5 L~llhl ,d,o lc~:lle and lhC cr,ke i~ Wtirlh l} cents n puond, or :!5 l~ut,;, uu1ldni; a totu l of $-1 from a bu~lic l, from .,-1,ich the worl.:iug COIi! mus1 1'e lal.:e:i. -,\Jl

~mning that 111, a,·erui;e of ~O liu~helij of "1m11i11h 1iea-11u t11 cun 1Xl grown lo nn acre, we huni n YCry IJrUlll i~ing proposlriou in the rna11uluctnre or pcnuut oil , c~pec ia lly when the pcnnut hoy will a!w1.>11t plly the co,;l of gro11•ing tliccN.Jp.

All ofthe inferior orrefu!le~n ut8cnu OOu.<,•d to ad1·aut11geonllief:mu fo rfce,Jiugloho,,"l'11 ntl nl1<0to1he geneN1 I fttrtu ani mnl1&. There i11 not n p,:mud o f the P.nli re peanut crop, includ ing root~. ~tem~, lcon'f<. :1od pen~. but that hn~ ~orne rnlue, nn,\ no t on ounce ~houhl 1Je w:1l!led. The to1111 1\'hen n~ed n8 lrny ha,·e u feeding 1·nlne eq ual to t he licllt clo1·er, alfolfn , ~nil cOWIH!a lmy!!; io fnct , pen• nut hay i1> one or the bc'>i<t ,ln iry reeds ror milk 11rodnc• tion. All:, ref-ul t or the h:indlini or 1ic:11rn1~ iu the clea 11• ing tnetnries there are !]•urntit iel< or llne!y 1.lrnkPtt nnd Mhrii·cled pens thot nre ~old for hog f,-ed, and ~ometimes ground into me:il nnd ~old for (lle(I\ □ '! to c.-.,-A•ij. The cake reenlt ing from the mnnnfact ure or 1-c1mu1 oil i~ equal to the ~t cottouf!4:tcl meal fnr fre(Ji11;r l'u rpo~e~.

1'he , ntn l a,·ernirn C<l~I or )'.!l'<l"'ill!!' nn acre of peanms Jn the S.,ull ,crn Rtn te~ i~ nbm,t fl :2 wh,·rf! no cn,umcrdal fertili>.al"I! :ire Hl<etl. ;\oh\ to thi~ (he Cnl, l RIO na sere. On n Llock of lnnd e<>□ l<il<tinµ of r,1 ocre~ in nortJ,. ern l.oui~ln nn ..iurlnµ- lhe~e:•=n nf 1!110 1!,e itemi1.e<I c,w.t per acre or pro<lnction "·a.11 a,, follow~: l'lowing and flt•

t iug llle lnt1tl, ."('l'<I . aml 1,l;1nti11;:.. s.·,.::.·,:, 11l1i1 :11i ,u. -~~ • •• :

hu 1·n~ling uu, I ,<1ad:i11;:.. indu,lin;.:: 111., ,·uum;:. .,uol l,a,,I ing of IIIJh•~, ~:l.87: rh,,1~hi11::;- am! huulin:;:- Tu ea1·. " I ' ": Ul.1g>< ,,, ,.1 rwim.', s 1.u.i: 1,,1,,1 ,,,.,.t. ><17 .. ~;_ Th i• l;111• I !•I'"• ,hH·cd au rwc ra;:.:e _,;.,i,1 nr lill lu1..cl1 1• I.• 1 .. au a ,· 1,- ,111, ] 1 1u11 ,.f hny. Tii,:- 1~•a11m~ ~ol,I r .. r ,q ,1 i.11,h,•I ,.r ::u JJO\ll,.t, ;111,I 1hc hay for .-<J:! ;s tuJI. m.1~i11;,- ;• 1 .. 1,ol h•t111·0

of jj!<~ un a,·1-e. n.,,l,w1 ir1;: t~,-,- ,.~1 .. r ;,,-,. ..... ;,,;:.. "l, i..J, ch1d0 I 1hc fotl'man ·~ 1im,•. ,1, , , I!"'""''"'" n ·•·,,i, ,, J " 11 .. r , 1.111·11 <>f r,h,:mt-'(iJ :1.11 ;,n,·. nr,;:~ _111,: fr.,.,, rlu•:., ,,..,, .•

llrmhrl(-:, :;:-M':l[ umu,,· "'"11" J"""'•llh will 1,, 111•-.wi, iu thl' r111 111·c !!um in tl ,'" ?· .. ,,,,] fur farn,cr·.~ ,sl <>d:. Th<'!·•· i~ ;.:n·,u j,11 ,, ,., .. , ;i, i, .. ~ 1.1 , ;,, ..,

lhrun;.::h••nt 1he ,;,.,111111:t·u S 1;11..,~. a11,I !~'llllUl • :11·,• 11 hie wljnutl ln ~-oru for !I,,. ]'l-.,,:,1t•1i .. ;, .. : l·!,c'

h:1111.• :tUd l,nto11.

PART JJ.

CROP ACREAGES AND CONDITIONS.

DIVISIO;t Of TH[ STATE BY COUNTlfS. Fvllowi11;;- n~ !he ,livil!iou,, of ll.Je Stulc, und the t'() Oll·

tieai .. ourni11c,J ine:,d1;

1'"oHht>ru Ui,·i,;h,u.

Frnuk !in, UudMlc•t, lluwi llou, JcU,•1-.;sm, J,;1f:1ye11e, Lt·nu. l.ilwrty, ~l,uJ ,,..., n, ~""'",u~, 'farl, ,1·. W~ ~ul!a-11.

WcstH11 l1i,·i,;io11.

(';1lhn1111, 1-:,,,-:11111,iu, ll ol111t"', Jud;~••ll. 8;111ta l:o,m, \r:1ltnn. Wt1,;hiu;:ton-7.

Northcasti;,rn Divi11fon .

,\ludrnu, U,1ki;,1·, l kutlfo1·,J, Cl:1~·, c,,luml.Jiu. J•n~,11, l\11,;><uu, l'urnmn, ~I. Jolin$-!l.

Cent rnl Dili.iion.

Ci1rus, Ul·ru .. ndo, La~1,, J.e•·.•·, 31,,l'inn. Ura11ge. 1'11~1·0,

Su1u1c1·, \'olm,ln-0.

Southern Divi1ion.

Hn>•·nrll, Jin,le. fl('~n lo, fl ill,ihorou~h, ,~. " uri:Hec.

~Inn roe, o~•'Cola, l ' nlm l!cnch. l' iuell:11, l'olk. ~t. Lm:ie-12.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

NOIITll~ l:S J) J\1,111,0S.-T h(' diurnl k wmlitiou~ .. r 1bi8 dJ,.u-kt m.,, 1101 r. ... ~cn 1i;1tl,1· djffcrent rr,.,,, 1\·hnt llw,, "·ere !.1s1 y ,,,11· m 1hi,; tim,•. ' f hcu 1hc whnlt• ,·v1111!1·,1· w,1,;

ilclugcd ,rith ,,es1•,c,.fr,. i-ni11 which l'1.'111rd,., I ,11,<1 c nl .!,,.,-\

all of 1ht• Ctu<J l t' iu tbi" "ectiun o( !he :-1:111•. 1"!• l" 1i1f' prt..."-;('11 1 1111>1·,• ha" \Je,:u li nl .. f,in,1,11,lc 1\ . .,., ,1 ,('1· r .. 1- l,1,•nl. iug l11 u, l "" 1,lamti11;!· <'l"tJ I''· :nu\ (he con,.r, 111cnt:e i~ !bat 1b1·0 11 1:·l1111 11 lht• ◄ li~t1•ir1 phmlitl~ i, 11111..!1 t ... hi ll\l 1111• H<U;tl

1iu1e .. \ f!l•, •:ol 11 ,a uy l'ur111 ,·r~ thr, ,1 1~1,uu (iw cu1 i1·,· _,,,., . tiu11 ha,.., n~ yet u,,t h alf co1n 1,1e,~ ,! the I •~•aking .,f :hei1· [,inti" for cunt u r ,:01,,. u . Tlle1-,, ;,. all'OOJH: t hiu)! 11111ice a\JI,· in ro>;,::,1rd ,., !hi! pl,ui1i11:, of ,..-,11u11, ,111,I d.rnt i, 1h,1t llw :u.:r,•;o;:,· i , uwl l,' r th:1n l:i ., r ,r,•;11•, " ~l-"'"·i,111,, with the ><e;o i~l;, 11, l ,·,,tlun. Th1• I"\\' IH' il'l· <lf ~•·:o island <'nt1uu l,t~•nght ,l"\\"11 h.1· 1h,· iw1>0r1 i11;: ,,r E;l'..l'J1l ia1, ,·,,11,,u ha~ hHd 1h1: , ,ffl•,,1, ;11•1>:ll"(' lltl)' ... r 1·, ... 1t,d11;: t 'w :o..:n:fl;ll' '" U('

1•hrnh'll 1., M'a i~lnu,1 ,·011,,11. l\'h,•11,.,r 1l1t• ~h11r1,1;:t• in a,:n·;o~•.· ,dll """ ! iuu,, ,,, . 11ill I~• ,,.,,,] ,, "l'· i~ ' I"''~ l ivn:. l, ll' lw,·1u1,e ,,r Iii,: \\'f'fl!I"''' ,·u1uli 1iou.,. Tl1t•,·c i, ;,l "(I

,1 J+ l':1n·111i., ~" ,.,, ... ,., \~· lni: 1nmlc· tu :::1~J" :111 iu,•r,.,.,,.,.._r .tcn.·:1 ;:, · '" ,., ,,·11. ;11>,,,, Nlt!<. 111,· l,iu,,, l~>iq: ;I IUU,;h l:ll")!<'r

ncreai:,• n nd ia l,, .. 1tt'l' ,·undi1i ,,n 1luo11 f,11· w1·.,1·,il ·'""""· ,l\l'il ll(' 1,, 1h,· n·e1 11i11 IH .tu,) ~,.,·in;:

l!reaki n:;: nu,J pl11111iug i>, fa!" behiu,J pnd i l i~ quite i,o~i• IJte th:11 tl.te 1,t,i u1iuoofco11uu will nut he co111pll'h:d until well inlu ~l:1.1·, c1<p~1: inlly if diuicHic euuditiou~ cuuti11ue

111< thc.1· hare 111.'tll tu 1Li.~ tln te . . -\.sin tile fo1'1Uer dl,·lsiou, th0< slmulm·,l cn,ps ~nch ,,., r-.. rn, l"-' l ;HU<.'~- ,· l~ .. will IN! Jllautctl ou a mo,·c ,:.t1c11si\t• Stal<: 1han 1hs•,>' ".<'l'c l,.;t y<'ar . The ,•1101 ru .. ,~ or !l.t~'>;•' t"l""I'" rui· the J~IH ,,·,·:1r anJ the wmpleh,- ,!cplction .,f iii<.- 1<tuck r,n h:mJ r...p1i1e- a i;1·r:11e1· l!Ct"C:l;!(' 1 .. l,e pl:mr c, l l<1 ti.c~c C!"OI'~- Ir i.- n HUH·

tel' nruct.:e">-il_rtu! Lcfll1·11u.:1-,,.:wd,q•l"H·t·n1 l.r1hey t(',lliZt'

it ,rnd a1~ 1,rotlting b,v tli c la~t .n~m··~ es:pedcnce.

Xo1:T1rr..,sT1:r.x ll1n~inx.-Tbe <'ii nrntil' ,', ,n,liri"n~ in thi~ ,liijll"kl :11 ~ no 1-:! l!CI' than iu the 11,-,, 1•11•,·irn1~ nfl('<, lll'ing iu n li111,, ,liff"lt'nl ,._,,·1i"u , ,r tlic• :-: i,11e. u"I" n1 ~ p la111ed ,...,mewhar l':ltlier. ,m,I ~ .. ;1 1..._.;11;.: .,.,11,i,!..i·,11.!,· difftl'('u t iu tht.:c",.k1n ><(•<;tiuu of thi' i-tr m,•, i1 i.- """rk:1 1,1,, enrli('l' nml 11:nh:r 111nre :Hl\'!""j,(' cirtum.,t:1:a1.'!'. :1• far n~ rninfall IA couc••rm,,1. Than iu 1he n,w1hern a u,l "'"•Tt:·i·i , 1l<:ttim11< of tlw l',ln(l', l!ut l'>",' I\ in lhi~ ~ .. ,,r i"n 11,.- rair.• h:we hc~n ('~ce..,,in: :on,1 erop1, nr<' no! in the C<"J <Hl irl OJ> n,~r nNlr n-" for \\':1 rd n~ 11:('_r wnn l,I I~ nu,lc-r mni·e f,w.-.rah!c circ111n~tanc,:,~. rl<>wt•1·C'r . f ull ('l"O]' n,·._.1-.1.zl'• hn,·e J,.,.,u f)l:m h•, t in :1 lmruot nll nr lhe lield crop~ ;,ml e~pt-!!nll_,. ~" with 11ie ,·e~clnlo!e :ind fruH Cl'fl~: the 1·e~(•tnlole Cf'<"\ !•~ ir this di~tt·ict loein~ iu r·c111 i11·~nl,ly ;:on(\ eon,!itina. an•l nl~n the fruit trft'II. ID thlk di,·i~ iou 1here iij nnt:ihly n falling ol'!' in the ncl'('n::-e plnnted t/\ "<'11 i~l:1ml cotton. The re~• ~ons gil·cn for thi ~ nre i;tn t ,,,1 in the d il'i~inn !Ir~ ! di~cnAAe<l mu! npplie,i to thi~ llettlon !Jllite ns well a~ fl> the llrst.

CF::<Tna.t. n n· 1~10:< .-Ther(l i~ prn ◄' l il'nll,,· no •lil!<'...,.nc,· Ju climntic t'Ontlitinn~ in thi~ ,Ji~tri t t ntul the (•H e juq l'('ferred to. 'l'he Mme oorulition~ pr:1,·ticnll ,•· ,.h,:-h, throu1,:hont the f.:tnle, n, n mnlter of fo ('t. The ,·e::ernhle ◄:rOJl" hn,·e not done lj ll ite so wl'll ln th ii; d i~ tri c1. n·ith

73

eo111ee:<:ccptions,nsin tbeoncp1-eilously 1·eporteU. I t is

st1nedthatth,:,rainsba1·chadabndetrcctc,n,1ni1eah1rge

quautity of chis cl:,,.s of Cl'flJ'M, but it ha>< lrn,J n ve,·_y l,l!ne

llcial ell'ect on the i;rowth of cit rns f1•uit trec,s . It is

statcll, however, th.J.t in S<J1ue localities the g,·apcfruit

t rees are not blooming a~ full U>J they ~houltl. II hat the

reoso11 is, usyl't , we han! been nuable IO lem·n. 'rhe prob

o.l,le solut iou of tloe •1ue,ition i~ the on:rbca1'ing of the

t1·ccs<luring lastycai·.

SouT11En:s D1v1s10~.-As fa1· a~ dimuti,, condition~ ..i·e eouce1•ue,l, 11,j~ ,li\"ision is 1u•:,ctic,d i ,1• In the ~allit' con(li lion au(! ha~ been subject 1o lhc ~ume un,cn;;.ouabh; intlucuces ti.tat the l'{'~ t or tlie :,;1:11" In,~ had I<\ toukutl wilh. Ju ~nme ~e<:lions the ,·cg·c1able crq, lrn~ l><:<.·u ,:nILsi(h•ml,ly injun:;l l•.r 1he cxcc><.• irc 1·ninfu ll. \rliile in o1hcrs. "" the hig;h lan<ls 1:!'j>Od.illy, ilLcy Sl'<! lll 10 IHl'"e \x>e n cc,11si,lcrnl,\,r lwncfitcd. 'fhc cl'nps i11 la\\· lam]~ l11»·c ~uffcrcil enru;i;lcrnbly. The fru it 0-t-<:..,.,, seem 10 hn,-~ been hcncfitcrl grea11y lly the ra ioij an,1 h,wc p11t "" a µ1 ·,•nt deal M tw,nd anti lw,·c g-1':l\\"ll p,•1·ceptibl_r. 1ll r id~ ,li~trid nlso compfoi nt i~ ni:1<l(! fro1.1 hllHC h;{',llitic~ "f the lack or l,]Ol)m on the !!rnpcfrnil 11'('('~, l111t "" ,,,,., hn~, n~ rct, ~ng;gc~te<l u prnl,nlole enn~e or, if ,,nc i~ knnw11. it h:,~ uot~n rcporle<l. Thei-cisnoticeabl.•·iu 1hisdib• triet " niry h1rge illf:N!nse in the prMJ)('Ctin:, erop o( n n111uhc1· of mmxi tr<1picnl frnit~, espeei,olly mnng:O(>s. gnn vas nnd n,·ocarlo j)('Hn<. It iss!mml I,_,. n 1111u1hc1·nf11111 erwr<:~ponden ts that the taq::e~t crop of th<:M! fruits <'n~•· knmrn in the Stntc will be hanc.•>!led. Oue eon, l it i<ln " ·ot'11oyofnoteiu tlieprotlnttir,nofcrop,; thrnng:hnnt nil pa,·t~ or the 8tnte iij the incl"('a:<:ed pt<1rlnctiM1 of suga r C/lnC'. :\ppnrcntl.1· tbcre will be the larbe><t crop n( ~11;:nr cnne g1..-iwn in Florida thi~ ye/lr thnt h:1,; ew•r been. l'r:icticnl l,r thc~11111eN'm11rks will oppl,v tn "-l•rcrnl otherstanda1·,t cr0ps,1meh as corn, sweet potatoe~, peoouts, cowpeae

a uil vch'c t IJC11!lll . • l..1•1~1r,•u11.,· th1-vugb,,111 ,.,,.1·.•· ,.._~- 11, ,11 ot the ~ !nm thl!l!ll crop,a :i r,• 1..-.inJl: ln1·1l('I~ 1•l :1n11""<l f.,1- ;h, l~li lo: :1~ well 11~ forage fo r ~cod,.

11~1':!::i~-!/Y,,f.t;.~;.·:r/ At)/' ,,i~{g'1:ft~~:lff ;;i·r riz QU"1RHJH- C.\/1/\fl .U, I//C/1 :ll , 1013.

C,·~t,·<1/ lliri~i<>H 11 ~,-... ,, >.,

~I1:i• ·· ; .. ; I 1<••

1< •• \' C,

1,., . ··::1 ... I ... I i~:

1•11· .. \\"o•ra~•• p e, r ,....,,, . -, - ,.,-, - .- , ~ ~--

,1,.,.11,,,..1,,,, ,,. ,.,,,,,,.

11,,1; .. ,. • · · 11,·,,M,.r.l. C lni· . 1 .. .,.,,1 • . . ,., ., I ll ,

l'utnn,,. M. J ohH~

76

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1\1 ,· . . \,·<0n1~c P•'< ,~ri l . . ] Hl(> c n,/1·<1 !lnw,11.

~-·-· _

K_,,..wbla . lloh,_ ,. J Mk•ou ... . !</wilt Ito .. \\',olt"" ·••···•··

77

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W11&bl~lllU ••• Oh·. ,\,·~mJI'" 1"'r .....,,, .. t-~---f-~.-+~~

Unkcr ..... . . . l.! rt1<l tm-,J ,

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ll lo l'OR'l' OF ACn~:AOI•: ASL) (.'OSl>l'i'IQX- C..,uthu:,•.•,:~,,',".-COl" X l'll>S. ! rl i<·~- . l ,;::;'.;r, 1

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81

~\~~·,~",,,,_11~.: .. . ~~-1~-~~•f.01~; ;.;.;;.'.i :~½ ,-

(.'O UKTI ►:>(. l /,",rr,11•~ l',~•-

(~;:;~~~.7,' -~'.".'~'-~''.·. • ~ -~~'.'l'"• l l;Q,'.'.l '.~l~ \c:~'.~.'.::...•~~~h' l• ••~

Ei,~~:~ :_:_·_:_:_:_:_·_J l:'1 iOO 1> •1 l~»u .... ..... , 100 ll1,'1

t1!·,1~i .. ·.··:·· ·t:,:i~:1,;··· . . .. '· _ .. 1,1,· .. \ c. l"'• <•ml.. loo h c,k,.,. /,, ,,.,,, •.

§~~-/ I :~ WIU!h h,glon. H11·,,\v. 1"'rc.-nt '"'

I !too

j,j;,

j;.,

1••· 1, .. II"

, .. '" 1 .. .

..

tlattl ~r• ,rr,n,> ... ,.,,...,. n,~ .. ...... ·1 ,·oo· 'Z', •,•,•,•, l ltl!lnlo .... ,

~.~. ::,i.:,:.•:'"',:;.:,·::.1~ •• -.·.;.; .. i;.' :~ I ii I :@

, . ····•·•····• m :~ ::-1 I ::1. Jllv.,h,r<:r ~ u1. .. 1- 11s 07 ~ :~;-lil ,ote .\r. 1 ..... <eu1 .. I 100- -r·-93 T -811 'G -

I► M n. lo{I Holrne,,. Joe~son .. . S..~urn llo,;n Wrt lt,,, , .... Wns l, lngtou rn ,· .. \,'.l"'re,•ut \n,·' ,1,,, . ., ,,.,.,.,

,\ne""'· Bal<Pr .. . . Hr"<lrord

f:'.,?~iL'. .. ..

.... . .. .. ,,., ··· · ·· · · ·I i:!·, ::·:::::: :! iOO

Ph· .. \>". pc,t <·e!JI 1-----,-;l,._-~;n /Ju•,-or,

t 'dcrv

1~•· J r,·, - - ,;-;

1'"' ,~ ,. ,oc, 11 (1

85

1\t:t'Ult'I' lW AC!U.: .\\Jt,; .\ .\" IJ CO,\" l <l'l ' JOX-Cuut!uued

.\ncm., H;1kM . . Urndtord

fl~:~1'.,. ·.-, ..

iiwi I ·:·.o

l~j I ]:~ li:: ]~ I ]:i:~ 1"•

n lv. ,\,•. r,,,· re .. t .1- 1:ll- !>;~ 101 -, " >' Ta te .\ 1· . per r,•ut . ,---1~7-7 --~,-,s -, - , ,r1 -

86

1:1-:1•,,ICT (• f' .\l"J: E .\<;J .IXl ► i"''' l ' l 'l"!C l ,-< . , , ,,,i,,,,, .. ,

,,,.,,,,.,, /, .,, ,, , r, ·,,, rr, ..

. ,,.,-1u,,,.,. m d"fo" [- .Vr<·n i"';;i,ill11""· ,· .. u,tl1 i .. ,, _- ,-., ;;~ .,-

;;'.~',',~::r;,',. · · -.-.-.-... :i E!F;_:~ .. :._.:-:.:! ~J1!::!!n· · -~/J~?i~1~·· ··· ·::1 . ... ... . Di;~,;\'": per:~','.. -~ --,.,---,-,. -- --~~~~.:::;,. . ··1 1 .. ,

~i~?I~:::: ·· :· ! U" Wa~J,lrti;{Qll Dfr. A••. per «mt , ,,..1 ,·,men, '""'""

Im I•••

. ll" 1• •• Dh• . .\1·. I" ''' ,.,,,.1 - ]fii, ___ T,~--! '<'Mm 11nrnm ~~-· ~:;:·:·•· 1" ' J: . .'H1el

,·.,Ji,-ia l >k .. \1· , 1~• 1· ,,,,ul k;;;m;;:;:;,1;r:1,j,,,.

,, .. ,, .. J'"•

]"• 11" ffr"

·,.,,· ,t1·, 1 JW 11" 11,ule 10h 11,,,

{;tii: ::,.,.,..i. .... -, :;;: ir.-, ]("

~\~~iS-~,;-h ... ·.·_·) ffi !,1

~

00

., !,~ ::: :tlkl,l!oif .. . :.:.:.:1 i~ I JOO i l;o g~: r,i ,· .. ,,._ ,..,r ....,,1 ,.1--,--r,;,--~~ "'"''' .11·. 1oc1· tent - f0'2 1 n1 I 113 I in

~~t:::. ii ••• 1 ~~ 1

; ;;

jri,,

TllT. ,l,·.1><:,rl'<;nt .. J I 10'.! (,·u1,.al 1),.-..,jQ,,

l~•:rt . •.·••• I :,·.-~~,·.·.r., .... .. . . I

m, I

:~ i 100 100 I

I in I ~~ I ... 1- 111..---- rnx:c:::r::::::

I ~I'"-'"' u

~1:;;.,;,· ·· f~~e_.': .· :Sm11 t.•c \"oln~tn

88

"· 1' "

1:.n '-'-"' 1:!fl I If, 11•~ 11 '1 , ~--~ :!-•• 1::1-· 1:'?!l

11 7

"' 111:1•011'1' U}' A \,;lt ~: .wr,; .\ ... "[) COND l'!'lON-U,,111 lu11,~I.

t§\:::~::·· ·:::::::::::::::::::~iH ~ ~~~~tl~i•:,~i~,; ·· . ··· ·····::::<:•::J ·7~ Dl.-1 •1<>11 Avcm~e per ,-.,11 t •··I ;{:F \·,,l'lh.,lcr• 1>1,-,.1,,,._

~;::;;,,;;. '''''"'~" rru..,, ... ..,,,,.,, .. n,111~1" .

!+a,I,•,

''"""{"- -· illll,!un,,i.:h

" '""'("" '"''"'"' .. ]'.,t,., !l~·..-h r-1 .. ,-11,,. l',>I~ •• ~t . 1.,H,•

........... , , ..... i.',', ..... .1 :·:.:

HU - --,--.,-----

j;;,

I'"' 1••·

PARr_r IIl.

Fertilizers, Feed Stuffs, and Foods and Drugs.

1rn1 a ; 1.ATl(l);8 1;o n -:u~JNG TIIE T.\KJNli A.ND FOll\\' 1\HIHNG m · ~-EB1'11.1%Trn on C<.HIMER C IA /, Ft;J;JllNG ~•rt'FF ~.\~ll'Lf:~ 'l'O Tl!F. f'Q)l .\ I 18t!IO:>..E B l1 F .\• iHlCl' LTl 'R F..

SEl "'l'ION 15 UP 1'11E I..\\\' ~-

Sj,t>t;i:il ,;ample8 of P('rlili:wr" or Cor•llt1(-l'<'·iul Fet.'Uin:; Stuff's ~nt in by pu rcl11u,er11, 1111dcr Scerion :1 o r the Jnws. l!hull he drawn in the presence or 1wo dlstnterel!ted wit nc8!;f's, from one m· more pn~kll l;'ell, thoroughly ruill'ed, nn,1 ., l'Am ,S.\Jll'L & or THI; R.O!E OF :,,·(IT Lt~ TUAN EIGHT

Ot:N•'F.R {ONE·IUl,I' POU:,,o ) l!l!ALI, m: l'I..H'fill I:>' " T l :>' c .n:

OR IIO'ITl ,r., SEALED Al<I) 8llNT II \' A DlijTE:lEIITl':(J P ART\' TO

·r1rn C'O)Olll!l!!ONKR OF MIR1CIJ l,TUH I-: ,..,. l".\ LJ .. ,n.,s~t.:r.. NOT

Lr.ss •rn .-. :-· lo:l(l!ITO Ul<CICS, IN" TIN C.\NOl<:JO'r'rLt:, IVll,J. IU:

Acr r.rn/0 l'Qll .1:..1i .n1r.!I.. This m le is adoptcli to !M'C11N! fair AAma,lefl o f ~nftk-ienl si7.e lo mn ke tl:e 11('(.,?ftl;a r)' determin11tton und 10 nUon· the prese rva tion or a clnpli c:•le ~nmpte In cu~e or pn,te~t or np penl. 'l'h.i~ dnplicnte s11mple wlll be prciroe rverl for two month~ from tll<.l dale o f l'<!rliftrnteor:in:\l ysl11.

Tl:o· ~l11 Hl Chem l~t i~ u u l lhl' pt<•l>rl' .,fli,c1· ID l'('('o>in ~,.,.,, i1,t ~um]'II"!' fl'<•lll (he pnN.'h ll~l'I'. 'rl,e- l'l"Ol)Til'l,1 nf 1!,r •r,o>thnil or ,l,·:i ·,,in j! n11 <! ~en<lin;: lhe ,-,,implr~ 11~ 1i~,,,1 h_-,

'J'];,, , [i-,,,, ill :!: 11ml M'll<lill'! , ,, ~,i..'<'i:, l l'lllll! •l f•.• i n f· ;H't"

,-.,.,~►- i ~ in ,-,.111 1•lin11,·l' "i1h l,in. ~am11h'I< ar,· fr (-1!111'111 1.'· ~,..,., i•• l"'i ••1· 1,,,,.!;;1,:o>~ u1· 1"1 f>{> I' hni<"". h:,d l_,. p:wke•l. :1. n,I r,-,.,1,,. ,1111,r i 11 1·e1·y ~mull (Jllll ll lit .1· lk~~ tl,:t n ,,um·r \ : fre •1uo•111ly thc,.,.. ,,..,, 1,0 1rm1·l.s, nrnnhe r~ nr o1 he1· 11 u,:1u~ of id{•ntilil'!11i,,u : 11:1' 1.nshnark i11 w,me in•1nntl'~ hein~ a h~o> nl .

I would ,'all 1ht: a111;n tiun lo 1hu~e w 1,., dc~i, ,• I , a,·n 1 l lu:m~el1·cs of 1h i~ pr-il'i lege ru i-ec1i, ,11 ,. :, um l P• o r clL~ 1111<·, which :11..i l'ie;H' llHll e.~plkir

Uc1..,arlet , ~trict 1;ou1pliuore with 11!,oni 1-egola tiont 11•111 be1"1!quhi'tl. 1'he111m1,le11 muirt NO/ be/eu IIHrn ,,,n hulf poun.d, in a li1t C<'ln or bottle, 1caled 1111(1 oddrcir.t,,J 1,:,

tl, o Co" ""iuiom:,· of AyricNIIUrc . 'l'hc irc11dc,~, no:,.,,c u,:,/ uddn:aa mu&t u/110 be 011, the JX1d;(1yc. 1/iir ,•11 /c 11, Sf'CITial samples of jc, ·tili::cn1 or ,'O,!!!IIUdal ,tuf!.

A one,poond haklng powder tiu rnn. p ro~ r!y deaned. llllal wit4 a fairly dra 11·n, 11·ell mi xE"tl ~:1m1))e tu.ken f1 ·,,m .'«!w:ra] ijo..i,s.iso proper,mmple. ltslu..rildbr'<•lf,,lu,,d lldd,·cs,cd lo the Co11u,./,sio1ie,· of A91·/cult11rc 111 TollfJ. l1o di,cc. 1'hc SC!ldi.:,~, ll(l/116 and ad,fn:n ,1,t.,11/,/ ,,,..,, i-~ 11loetJ1l on fli t: />IJt:kuyc. ff more //urn otH< aumJ,1" i,; ~••,r •.

/he 111w11ilca 11/,01,/11. be ,01ml!crcd sn a~ /t., idc11tify th e,,. .HI /his 8fw11/II be iu the p1·c3c11 ce ,,; /1, 1' wi/ 11e~•(~ u11d the 1mck!19c o,· e.,•p1·cssc,I b/1 'l"t' •d ti,' u:i l 1INIIC~.

l'he tag,, ull rhc 1;i1t·I. ~hould be re1nine,I ti., 1he ,,.,ud-,r l<>l'U1Uj}.1l'"With (li1:cenitknteof :mal,1'!1l.!1 w·lu.•u ['t,f,:,i.-e,J.

:oud not..cn t 10U1iijofll«a. 1'heclul,:uf lhc(lm1r111:/'"'.J tc rilliny /h e :/tll lll /J1t·, 11/1(/ 1' U/,/f':/t of /he rcil1tCUt'~, */,,,,,1./ ttlw bl! 1duh11./ by /he ~c,,,/c,· : 1wl ~r11t to /h i~ c,rj,ri•

IXSTlll ' ( 'T rr. :-·1-1 TO ,.:111-:1: rr. r,.:

Tl,c .11knt iot1 or i-:herifr~ u( 1he ,·;1 1i,,11., ,,.nn1ie, i -1·11l l(•d to Sccli(ln 3 of both l:rn·s, defln in~ 1heii- ,J111ie> 1'hl>1 nc Jm,rt111e11t cxpee l>1 cnch Sheriff lo n~,!~r iii mnin , taininµ: Ille luw und 1wokc1i11g ihe dti r.en~ of 1)1~ ;.:m t,· from !he imlJO.l!itioD of frflmluh;ul , iu fer ior or d<'tfrien r Corrnucrciul F ert illzen or Cornmercl:,l F N'<li nµ: ii tutl<.

J,' Joritla is the only $hlte in 1he liniou thul pro.-i, k,; fui lhe ··,;pe<:ial sa rnv it-: · d rawu lJ.,· 1he ronsumer 01· p11n·lrn11er, ,111<]1:1· p1·u1H.!r rult,; autl regul>1 tion~ 1i:sed law-tu l,e 'll'nt tv t ile Su1e Lal,u1·a!ur~· for anal.n is vf 1·0~1 ,\uy ,-i1ize11 in 1111' 8tn1 c wh,, h n-'< l""'eh:Hed l'eni li, .. ,, -,; o, r.,,,,1~ rv ,· their own""" u1;1_,. dra"· 11 ,;:1111ple of 1he 1-a1<H' an·onl in.t t,, Ill\\". :iutl hn,·e rl,e .~a1rn e lllllll_Hl~l 1,.,. tit,• ~l:i1e Gho,mi,;t free of co,;t. .\\ld i11 c,uc of ildUlre rn1io11 01· rlc fi•·ieucy he cau, on est ab lishi llg lhe fa ct, reeei\'c dnnl,1 ~ thl'<:<lstofpritttJernandedfor thegoods.

'J' he lnw ret1Hi1·r-s the ··~1)()<:i,11 ,;:1111p1e~·· in he olu111·n iu a 11umuc1· lo pi·c1·,:u rt loe,;11\m1i8,;ionofsp111·iou,;sn1111, les:

1·ule6 anti 1·e1,wl:11ions arc puhli~lu,d in every Hnllclin fv1· ,h·awiug and 1n111~mitli11:; •·1- 1~ei:, l .san1p le1-.·

This -'<pedal 1-muple h;i~ l,ceu a 1110~1 puleut f;H·1 ,,i· in eufo 1·ei 11g tht l:ow rind di~f0lll"";l:ing lhe s;,1,- uf ,,.J n lret ntcd or mi~bnmded g1,o<Js

Special ~arn1•les ur food~ am\ ,h·11g~ "'"!" ,1J~v be ~ent to lhe Slate Lnborn tor.1· fo1· ,m nly~is free of c-o~1. when 1he H!llllj ►IC is 1n·opel'ly dn,wu .1n·or,lin f! 1u law. 'l'he nee~ sary in~truc1 ion1< and l,l.,uk~ 1·eqni1·cd M 1,rupcrl.\" dra w ain(I tran;imil s,nnph·s ur •·fnod :111d dn,;.:~·• will 1,,- s<'nt to

anJdtizenreque:nin!l'.thesn,11(' .

··THE Sl'ECL\..J. 8,UH'L l•:8 l' li l:"N ISHEf: T HI-: l.'O.\"· SliMlm WJTU TIii ·'. K\.\IE l' ltOTEC'l" lOS UE:U.-\SJi 1,;11 !:\' 1'HT MANIJFA(;'fl ._llEH. wno Bl i \:S lll~ .\[.\ .

l' l~l~IA LS O.N J,Y l'l'ON G UAH.\NT EE AND l'.U'.8 l•'Olt 'l"TTEM .\CCOTIDTKG '1'0 .-\'NAf,YSTS, .-\NH rs PA IIJ }'OH HY 'l'HE CONSlD llil{ OUT 0 1'' 'l'HE F IJN IJS DERTY.1.:0 FHO)! 'l'llE INSl'ECTlON }'El~ OF 'l'WJc;N1'Y-FI VE CEXTS PER TON l'.-UD ON FEUT JT,. 11/-.ERR .\:S:11 F"EF: n !'I. SOLD IN TTTE 8 1'.-\ TE ··

FOn~rt· r,A S.

'flu,rn a re freq uent iu,p1ir i1:s ro r fo m iulas for rnriou~ CJ"or"', and t he re m·e h1mJreds o r such ro r0101ns puLl i~hed and, whih, 1hcre a rr humh~ l~ of "brands," the rnria tiou s 111 the;,e g rades :we ~n q,ri.~ingl_l" lit tl e. llo1.ens o f •• \J !'and~·· 1m t up hy t he ~u u,e 11 ,: 111nf;ict u1·e1· are itleutienl i-"-'"'l~. 1h m11.,· tliffei-tnce l,rlug in 1he 11nmc pritircd on rli c tn;; .. 1 ~ad<. ,\ ~ood µ-enem l fo n nula for fi ehl o r p:-arden migh1 be railed n ·'vegein\Jle fo11n11la ,"' 1111d w 011\d ha,·e the fol lowiug · .-\mmooia. :qc, : ara il nble 1,ho~plw1·it aei<l G½% : nn<l potn~h. i J';, Tlw follo l\·ing formul ns wlll fu rn i.~h the uccc,:i;ar-y 11ta11 1 food in about !he :o boni 1-'n• ;1o rlion . havle 1,nr posrly :irni,lctl rlw 11seof an_r fl-ndk•II of 1011 1101111,Js in 1ltc•~(' fo1·w u!u~ to si111pli fy lh l'lll. \ ' nlue, a r-e 111 kr n from prkC' 11~,~ fu rn iij lte<l 1,y the triulc. -Tn nuur_,. 1.l !l.1 2.

T·'or ,-,o tl ou , ~O l"Il, SW~' 111onia . :111,, : ,mi ilnh le 7½~;

nnrl nci,L

S1a1e ,·:,.Ilk m!x~,1 "'"1 b"4ged !C: .~~

1,0M

'"" , oo

l'la.11t i•,.,, ,d 1.er lon . . Zf"

St a1e va lue mt~~d an rt \>ng,:ed . . Pl~nt F oo~ ver lnn

. ... 12S. !5 3~'• r,o,:u<l •

"

2,000 St•te vnltm ru!..:ed a~d INl.!!ll'e<I ......... .. Ut.◄ r. Pl•nl J,'ood J)t't 1on . .. lSt !lU'1Dd ~

( II ) "F HUIT .um WIX F.."

Frn lt~. ~! don ~. Str1,.,-b,.r rloB. I rish l'ot ntO<'I . Atumoula ·J per con t .. AvnHaltl~ l'hooroh.,rlc ,\ c hi 7 ~r cent.. Pot~•h 10 per cent.

2/>00

!'!nte vnlne mlxP, I a n,l h.ii,:ced . . Pinnt Foo,I p~r t<>n ..

S\mc ,·ah,e mi xP•I a n,I b;,.)(1;ed .. Phrnl f'o()(I ;,~r tor,

. .1:1v;o 4-IL' ~um, ds

S3~ 7G 4~G l"" "'d•

1•erC:e11 •. 600 l~~- ol Cotton S<'11d ,\le•J r;;.~! IO.. .... I 100 lb•.o! X i1r111• of Soda (1; per cent\ ... : 3iH Ammo11la l 'lO lb,.or Sul1>. of A.O. 1~r. P<'r cent) ... .. ~.10 A n ilable

~ :::~~ ~~;t_P!'r°''J!~,~:h (~~r:e;c:;:,,1 .. I S.!17 l'ot,u11

State vnluP m!xcd mu! ha;rged .. Pi nnt Foo,1 pe r ton ....

7- Hu !.

, ::::.:,tl iz:, pounds

08

FACTORS POR CO~iYEllSrQ:::..

Tocon1·ert-

Ammo11i11 iuro ultrogeu, mull!Jily by... . ll.~~4

Ammonln inlO protein, mulliJ•ly by. . . j,15 ~iiN.lgen iu1o 11 111 111onia, multii,ly by... . .•.. l.~H

1'itrnte or sotlll into ni tl'O~t'II, multiply by ..... . 1.ur,~~ Niirogcu into prolein, 111 111tiply by... . . . . 0.;!5

Bone J.ih0ephate iuto pho~plioric ar id, 1uul1iply b_r 0.45:S Murintc of pott1~1J into acluu\. J.)(lti\~h, rnu h iply by O.G:3 ~ .\cltml µotash h!HJ 111uria1.- of porn~h, 1.11u lli1>lt b_,. l .S~::: Sulphll!eor1io1:1>1h iuto:Jc11111J 1,0:, rnsll,multiplylJ_,· o. u .\ctrnil polash into ijuJphak .. r l"'tfl8h . nrnlti J•lr b.•· l.~5 :Kitralt of pota~h iuth u it n,~cn, multiply \Jr .... .. <l.1:.::~ Carbonuteof po111sh into oetnnl 110H1.sh, multi pl~- by l.1.1.i~ l Aduu l potn~h info ea rbonnte of poto~h, mu11 :p1_,· 1,..- l.4uli (;hlori ne,iJ1" l.:ninit ," 1uuttli,!_,. 1io111sh \ l.'. ,O l l,_, .• ::33

P ur in~lance. yon buy (/j 1ie1· tent. of nitrnte of ~oda :uid 1\"Hll to J.11m1· how mudi oirr,•gen i,s in if, uP1 ll l1 ,:y :•;; per ~em. by O.JG4i, you w:11 get 15.GS per crm. uit ro;:en· _,-0 11 want to know how 1m1eh mumonio thiij niu·oi;eu L;, ef!Uil'ulent to, theu mu1ti1ily 10.m; per tl:!lt. h.,- l.~14 ur.J you get 18.99 per cent.. t~e eo1uirnle11t in :mnnou la.

Or, 10 com·trt 00 per ,;eut, ,:,arbonn !e of potn ,sh itro actual pornsh (K,O) , multiply \10 by 0.VSl. ei1unl~ Gl.-.:~1 J)()l' et.'nt. atlunl pot:1~b ( K,O).

COPrnS 01" TH E F};RT!L IZE H. !'-TOCK F EED . .\:\"D PURE FOOD . \:\"f) DHUG I.AW8.

Coples of the / .AWA, Hei;:11ln(ion~ 11nd $t11ndnril~ l\"ill tit fnmM ,ed by the C(m1u1issicmcr of Al,:rkuit11 re 011 npJ,li • cat ion.

99

COMM El!CL\l, f-T.\TE Y AT. t: E:a:. UF FF.RTl l.lZEH8 FOR 1!113.

Available l'hOl! phor ie .\ d d . . .:;c n j'om1 t.! ]11$0Jul;le Ph~ phoric .\,.id . l e n. pound Ammonia (0 1• it.11 e,·u i1·alent In nit rogen ) . 17,jc a l~)und Po1n.sh (a11 aetnal pou1sb, K,O) . . . 5!c n r,1,rnnd

rr ciilc nl11re11 by unitll-,\,·;dlnble l'hOl!JJbor k Acid . . . .. , l. lMl per ,1n it lusoluble P hosphoric Aeid. "!lk l)(' r Hlli t Amn1onia (o r its c<Jnivale rn iu 11irrogeu). ;l . .',0 lli'I' nn i t PofoRh .. . . ...... . .... .. . .. 1.lO Jler "nit

Wit h a nnifom1a!lowance of $l.50 J)('1" H•n fo r w ixi11 ,; am! hagging.

,\ un it is !wenty p,ounds, or I per eeut., in a Ton. ffe find lh i~ tn he the e u11i1< t and quid:e!!t method ro r e:ileu-1Ating the ,,uJ ue of fer!ilizer. T o m u~tra te 1h1M. ta ke fol' eirnrnplc n fe rtilize r n·hich n11nl.r2e~ :1~ follow~: Arnllahle Pho~phork Ae!d . . . U.Z:! per « nt. l:"'l.flll.-$ r..~ ln~ ,luble l'h01111hor ie .\eld . .. 1.r.Oper ~ t .x .20- .30 Aminonin . ...•.••••••. lt42p,;reeut .x 3.50- 11.n Pot11Ph. . .. . ... . ... . . 7.23 per eeot.x 1.W-- 7.!15 m .x ing amt Haglng .. . . .. . .... ... . . ......... - 1.;,o

C<imnil'rcial 1•nlue nt 11en port~ . . .. . . . . , :! i .!l.f

Orn fc rl llb.Pr annl~•,:iog 1111 fol!owl! ; Al'11ilnhle l' hl>l' pliorie ,\ c id ..... 8 per ~~nl .xlt;I.ol0-4 8.00 Ammonia . . . . ............. 2 per e~ot.x !! ,a"iil- 7.00 l'ot lU'h .......... .. .. . . .. 2 per etinl.x 1. Hl- :! .:!0 ~fi xing ~nd Rn;ging . . . . .. . - - 1.:,/l

Cmnmf'reii, I v11lue nt Rell port~ . . . ~18.70

Tlw i;; t:it e rnh1:11 io 1111 nre for r n~h for mAterinl~ ,Jelfr. ~rNI n1 Florl ◄ l n "<'HIJOl't". and 1hc.•· ear, 1.,e lK ,11 gh t !11 one•

100

h,u lo1~ :;t t hl.'>• · pdc•·"' at rhe ,1a1c of i~s11 ing 1li i~ Dullel i1•. WhC'N! f1•r l ilj 7..,1·1< oh• l,r,ught :it i: u ,-dnr I>Oilll~ . 1:!1(' 11,hli1i,,nnl fr,·ighl to l iu11 1,,, int ml\81' IK' ni\oled.

'ft.c ,•,tlimrion~ :m,l 110:nl. r t prk~ iu J•l"h~•lin;: illu~ 1.1 ,;.,,,~ :11'() h:u•l.-~! ,Hl 1'Hu ·~n 1,rkei; for one-ton lv1 i;.

;:u :n, ,: ,· 1· 1: 1,· s :,: , ,r- •·1t J<: ~! !t ' .\T,!-: .\:,,'.II FC!ffl l.i i". 1:,,:n ~1 \ TE!U .\1.l's .\'r f'I.O t:! ll ,\ :-J;; .-\

l'OKl' f;, .\PH IL 1, l:lt:1,

:,.itrnr,• .. ; """'" · ' 7• , .\ u11n .. 11h1 . . ,;~ " • :-:alpl,al ~· ,.r .\nnnn11 :;i . :.!!!'". .\mmoni :1 7~-"" ll,·' (•:l r:1 .. ,..,, 11;•· ; .in11unni:1

r,·,, :, nn ,11 i•l. Iii' ; .\ w 1.,,;i, i,1.

Pry l•'i~h :-rrn;•. 10•·, .\nrnioui.1 .

lli-:1: ,:,•,i,1., :-11 :1 •11;1 !1• ,, j l'nt,wli. !111 "; ,.:i,l]~i:11•·.

IS": KP . r ,.,w On1<it• :--nll'IL:11,. or l'Mu~h. I~~ :-'• ol1 ·',n 1•

:!Gr; K ,0. ~furi:11 ,, or 1',>fn~h. '-11": 1.: --; r-: ,o. , Ni tn1lo: r.f l', ,1 ,,~h ,

.tfl": 1'n1 ,1~h K _O .

:wlJ . .

4, ,.,1

\Y:oi,•r !,;,.h,.1:,,_, ·:·,m L, •,• . c,~: \ n•rn ,,.;,, · :: '" I Ti :;::h flra,lp ' l':•n\::i ;t•·. 1r, '1 :\:11 111 011 in. :'.J.', Ph,,~

Jllmrk .\d ,I ,i 11,or,

JO,

T:rnkage, S','{, .\rn111oui11 , IIJ ';,~ l 'hn~phoric .\cid,. 3 i.OO 1.,ow Uradc Tmika;;c, G} % ,\1umonia, I:!% l'ho~

pliol'k .\eld. J;I.OU T atel Tau l.::i;;<•, 6 %, .\111111011i11 , i •,t l'h~phorlf

Acili :!8.00 Sheep 1lm1urc, ;:round, 3 ~'; .\ 111mo11itt . :!-I.OU l111p,:,1· l ctl l'i~h !l1n1un, 1::7,, .\JUIIIOLiia, .1:!•.( l'ho~-

JJhvric .-\dd . ~,:!.OU Pun, Pinc ~h-11111<' l • ' 1·0,m,I Bouc, 3% _\ ,,11:nn :u,

::::;;, PhOl! JJhol"ic .\ c i<I .•. 31.00

R:1w Rone. 4% .\nnun"i". :!'.!% P!J011 p!1oric .\,; Id. :i:-../10 (;ronu,I Ca~!nr J',..,o:,c:•. :,i ~~ Aunnooiu. :! '7c Ph,,~.

pho,· ic,\ ci ,l l:1-i;:::h t Cui{on ~e.,1i ~!,•al, 7f,J, .\nnnon!n . :.',~_IJO

J):irk C,..tl(,u l'i<-..'<I ~l.-111. I! '.~ ,\m111onia . :!ii.00

Hi~·h : :nu\,., .\ ti ,! Pho,ph"I", Ill'", ,\x.,il.ot,I., 1'!,o~plt"ric .-\ c i,l . . .. .... )/: 1.1.uo

.\cihoric .\d,l. . :!:;.fill

l·liµ-h C:ra,1(• (/rouu,1 Tol.Jacco f.: (l'm• . :!'Jc Arn n11 ►

ui:i. i-r~ l'nltl l' h . . .... . -~ '.?4.00 Jii r;li i;,•a,h: 1; rou 11t.l Keutucky 'rubt1cco !-l l'All',

:!f .\ mmuuia. JO ~~ l 'o111~h . :!~.00 T,1b:1<:~u J) n~t ~"- 1. :!• .-: .\ nunonia. :!% .Pora,-h .. :!:i.00 Cnr T,,i,.,H:co f; t.•111~, in ijtltk~. :!~~, .\mmonir.. •1 7,

f'n1:osh :.W.OU 1/;n·J; 'J",.J.,;11•,·., f.!!<'Ul~, \,a]eJ, :!% ,\ mruoni:, , 4'fi"

1•,.rn~l.t J:!.•10 L11n,I Pl:1sH:r. in i<ael.:'< . l:! .UO

b11i;gi11;; au.w 'l"-·d:il or ri,:,:td:11· f,,1·nml:1 111·,,.~1..·eJ pt·r t ,Jfl

lnexcessoralJo,·epriceij,

NEW rom,;: \\ ' l !Ul.l•::S.\LE ] 'HICE,.:. C l "l!BE:\" 1' APIH-L l, l!l l;J - l•'~;1ur1.1z~: n ll .\ ·r1rn 1.11.i-.

A.111111011 ta1 ~nlphan·, fn1·dgu. 1,romp! . . .. , '.l.;111 IQ fntnrcs.. :UO ' ~ -

Ammouia, sulphntoi. d0lll<'~tie. ~p01 . . fulnrC!l .•.

Fl1<h i<crap, <lricd, 11 ':t, a mnmuiu and H 7, ,Jone ph0i<phi!.1e, r.o.b, 11,;h v,·orh.

- tu 3.31) (~ -

per11nit. 2.fli) S: 10 wet, aeirlnl111efl. r.~; mumonia, 3 '1-

phrn;plwric ncid ,lelh·erer! . 2.:10 ,._ :_::~ Ground fi;;h gunno. imported. 10 1111'1

11 % nmmnnia am] 15-17 % bone phoPplrnte, c. i. r. :'\'ew \'ork, Baltimore or l'hi,!elphia • .. 3.lU .I.: JI<

1'anlrnge. 11 % nml 15~~ r.o.b. Chicago . . :? .i 0 &

Ta nknl{(', 10 n11 d '..!0$: . f.o.b ChiCllgu, gronnrl . :? .Ji~~~ tu

T1111kage. !t and :!ll7,• . f.o.b Chicagi !(1'01.llld. 2.~i ½ ,\· ] II

'J'an lcuge. ,·onccnt1·a1e1l. f.n.b. Chkngv. I I h• 15%, f.o.h. Clli~ugo . ~.IIJ

G11rhni).,-,, tnnkagc, f .o.1 1. Chk11,1Zo. . 9.00 r,; l-llu .. >tp mn11ure, conecntrflted, 1.o.b. Clli-

1':'lJ..,O. per ton. .. 13.00 0 n oort.,Clll. r.o.h. Chkrii:-,.,, per unit . . :? .!i0 @; :!.ill Oried hlood, I:! 1:1 ::,;- nmmoni~. r.o.b.

;\ew York . ''llie:l~" .

Nill'a1r• .,r ""'I~.!\.-,'": ~l""t I"·.,, lf\0 lh~ 1n1 11 1'('".!l:'i"l,

:?.;:i ((!

~.fl(I ,;; -·

103

i'fl01!.Pff .\TE8,

Ael ,J phospb11t<l, per unit . .... . ... •. , .('iO @ 1i3

llonell , rough, lrnrd, rie r 1011 .... . ... . :rn.~o @24.00 iwrt _,;: 1enmed uugmund . .. .. .. .. . 21.r.o @22.00 ground, llfcnme,t, I ¼ % ammonia

and G0 '7e boue pboi<r!Jate ... .... 20.00 @21.00 ditto,3 and50 % ........ . . .. ... 23.50 @24.00 r:111·gTOund, 4% nrnrnonia and50%

hone j1bospb1, tc ... .. ....... .. . . !?S.50 @30.00

Honth Carolina pllORJJh ll te rod, kiln dri,;d, f.o.h. A~hley Hiwir .

F luridu lnn<.l pebble 1,hot1p!mtero£k G8 '): f.o.l>. Port 1'nmpn, !-'In.

Florida blgli gra ,Je plu:ll'!phnte bard rocl: 777,, , r.o.b. F lorid1t 1oorte.

Tenn~ee pb01<11liate rock, t.o.b. hlt . l' len~a11t, ,lo 111 c8tic, 78@80%, per ton.

i i} % guarnntel!d GS@ 7:.! 'l, . .

l l uri:itc o f p,ofn_,;:h, SO-~%, basis 80%,

:1. ,,() @ 3.7ii

3.70 @ :l.80

!'i.76 @ 6.Z5

[email protected] 4.7~ @ 5.00 •l.25 @ 4.60

111 bngs.. . . . S38.5a@ .\tu riate of ponu:Ul, min. 9r.%, basis 80% ,

i n l>ttf:11 . . .. .. .. .••. • . . •.••• , .• 40.15 @

.\tu,·in teof polash, min.98%, b113is 80%, in lmg11 . . 41.00@

isn11,11nte or potash, 90-9U%, b8ll is 90%, ln b!lga . .. .............. -rn.so @

Double manure "'111, 4S·t>3%, bai;is 48%, iu h11gll . . . .. ... . .. . . . . :!4 .95@

Maum·e Mlt, min. 20%, K,O, in bulk .. . 13 .U0 @ 11:H", lsa lt, min. Hi%, K,O, iu bulk ... .. 10.Sl'i @ K,li 11it, min. 12.4 %, K ,O, in bulk . 8.45 @

COll POl:llTJON t lF 1-'J-: Hl'ILI ZE ll .\f.\T ERl.\ 1.:-'

l ••l"'<I,• P~I: Hl~(,1: tl• ,-- ~ ;-•·- -·

1 " . .. " •.. .,:.,,

~,,-,rfat<' ot rof,ii,11 ..... ·1 ,> i;nlphate or Po1-~><h,. - , , 18 IO 5! ' Carbountc ot Potul1 ... ~:; to CII r,:itr:ih, ol 1"o1Mlt ...... 4•' to l ~ 00.,1,1~ S u l. ot Po! . .t. ~l al(. 2r, , ., :111 Kalnlt . • . . 1~ t" 1~} S;-J·.-lnlr , . . .......... -1 l f to ~-• Couon s-• Hull .,,,~<'ft- 15 t<' ::" Wootl A1lt;11 nole~rhe•I. ~ 10 ,

~~':1c.-~~~~:m!"" . .-~e,l. ::f ~ :: i ~to !

fi~;;..tr,1::::i~.t ~~:~~;1: 1 ~- ,~:; •

1,::~x-:,,1, Sill'<'!' .tfonuru (frc•ll l . O.f ; 1.n(, H";:: :,t n"" '"" ( fre~b , . . o . &O 11.:;~

~1~:e,?"St,1~-~~t:~;.;..: ~:;.~ t;.~

' "': Io l'.

-~: i~ r, .i, ,, _1, 0 .1:• 1 .;,1 fl_~•.

~.. _31 i • 3!

::_;.; " :I

c o~1111c;nc u.L 1'T.-\.'l' E V.-\ Ll'Et- (q.' l'El·:ll ,.:'IT F F tFO.ll Hll:L

F <,r ihe seu~ou of HH3 the following "f' tare rnh,<'~-- ure

fi!f1••l :i~ a gui,lc 1o purd1H>1t• r~ Ti t<c,S(' n • IHL'I> :in, ha.,e,1 0 11 !he Cll l"l \'l!I

whi<:h l" l>i l;eeu cl10.-o·u ;1~ a ~tauda rd i11 thc 1n· icevfcoru, tonlal'ge

of con,, thi•COl!l ·

of other feed~, pork", t,r, t, etc.:

1• ,-,,1,•in . :l.~r. per ]><llllt<l . tiSc , fll.'tu uit 1-l i::n·I , ;in,J 1'-u;!:11·, !..le. pe,· 1><> 11 nd :!:!c. 1~,r U11i1

Fn r~. '.!.:ic , ]11'" po1111 d .. . ... .. .. . .. _:;O(·. per ,mi1

-~ un i t l~inJ;?: '.?fl pounds ( 1% ) vf n IOU !1Hlim, con, bei u~ the ~t ,, ndm·,l 0 ~:! i .Ot1 pN· 1n,1. 'r,, find the ,•omtn<.>rcinl i"- 1nt<> l' a inc, mnl1ipl_1· th<> !><'l'·

ccmagc$b)" t he price per unit

l~x.n11 ·1.i: No. 1

('() ft'."/ .\C'D OAT,.: , EQUA i. PART"-

Prot<.>in s 1n1·eh :i.w l Sugni·.

1'-1:ttrYn lnrpcrtou

l'rnlri n .-: 1,1,-rh an,1 Snga,. F at

" rM,, ,·nine per ton.

. ll.1:i.\Gik. !1! i .5S

. (it .W,:.. '.?:..:,, !~ _'.?'.? ii.'.!!lx.-;11,. _ '.! .70

.. . .. lfl ,/;Q X (ifl~, ~ i .14 . . . !HUHl .1:. '.!'.?,·. 1:l .:ll

ci.4 fl X ,)II,• :? .i/J

106

AVERAGE C011P081TIO~ OF co~oa:HCJ.-\L l'EED 8T CFFS.

-""~on,:,.=1 rr~ -? ~ 1 -,~

-5 f r· :::~:·~~~: ::'.~·,::: :::1 :;~;' ::: ::: 1,J., ,00, Me>I, o ld' '""I I I ""' _ _ ___ 7.50 35. 'i"O 3(;.ofl 0.:..: ,1 .·,.3n

1,in,.ecd ll enl, 11ew pro· 1 C\'1111 _____ _ S.40 3G.10 Jf,, ~h ;11;0 .-,.~'{,

\\'hcnr llron _____ !I.Off l5.41J .·.'UJO 4_11n .·,.&J

I , I w_lu:n t .\li,\dliu ,:~ .. _._ :,..tOI 1.J.411 .",:>.1u

1

4. l" .3_:_:,.

.u, n.._t Fet.'<l (Whent) .... <.80 16.!IUI :il..Ul 4.:S•J 5.30

Shi p e,;tutT (Wheat ) __ 6.60 14.60 :i9.80I :..00 3.i0 I

Cu,·u 1i,:r11io) _ __ '.! . If\ JU .. ~O (i:.f.GO :,. ,1,1 1.:.0

I Corn Ueul _____ 1.901 u.10

1 i;S. i 0 3 .. ~"

Corn Cubs 30.11)1 :..: . 101 -i4 .fJ• I ll.,·,» l 40

I I ' Corn 1rnrl Cob ~1 <:!a l ...... C.(ilJ1 8.ciU[ 1;1. :511 _ ;L:i l• l.ciO

Howln_v Fl'OO ______ I 1.(J:.I m:;O ,;:..:to i .. ~:; :.>.:,::;

Corn and O;nl!., eo:111a1I ! ! ! 1,arc,. -- · _____ ; ,;.so] 11.1 .;1 cu;,; .;.'.!O :? .:!5

' ' C<lrn find Ont~ l'Cf',I~ 1 l:! . lfl s:;:o_ 61.7!1 3.; o 3.:!0

llnrlc_y (gru in ) ,I :;.,oi 12.Hl;I GB. S-01

1.50 :;AO

U:~:;:;·;~ a~~--~~'::...~~I 6.10) 12.10/ 61.,:;i 3.~ol :!.70

107

AVERAGE COMPOS l'l'ION (W CO:\IMI~UCI AI, 1''EED 8TUFFS--(co,,tin11ell.)

£ I ~ ~ if I I

- - ----i-,-.:.--jof-,-,,-ot-;;o: :..uo1 ;;oo

6.10 16.00 54.\ ,01 7.101 :uo Oat Feed

Rice(grnin )

Hice Uriin

Rice HullH

::~: l:::: ::::1 :::: 1~::: 3570 J(;0\

13860: IJ_j(I 13.:!0

1soJ uJo n!'lo 2.10 1.so

2a 221 2 2s o 55 :.-~o,

1

2.11

Co11 P e 1 4 10 208015; ;o , ~ :1.20

Co11 !'ea liu.r _ 20 101 Hi 60 e .!0 2.201

T.50

\ chet Bcm, Hu ltij ___ 27 02 7 io 44 ;:;6 1.57/ {.3'.l

Velvet Beans nn tl Hull lil !'l.201 1!).70! .i l.30! 4.501 300

Vd,·et Bean Ha., _ ........ 29.70 J,t.701 ll.001 t.70 i", .10

B<:ggairw~<l n .. y . ! 2-1.;oi' 2l.71ll 30.20 :!.:m l 10.00

''~""" """"' e,., _ '2.H I ,. nl '"'·'°I u111 1;.s ;

Cotton R,x-,l (whole ) _ 2:1.2o l 1~uol 2no 19.90 3.50

Cotton f.;ee<l T1 11ll s 44.40 [ 4.00 :1,u;ol 2.ool 2J;0

Glu ten ~'<>er! auoi 2-1.00 r.1 .2Ql 10.oo; 1.10

Beef ,\erni, 11

44.70 1' :::.2s/ H.n,11

21:i.2n

OJ:PAl.'l'llll!:NTDPAGIIICULTVll-Dl \'1110:{ 0rCHE!JIIITRY .

..... -11. ... 1>~""- Ol"r"" ,>k•,,~ ... Ul;>l" LU"1>tM"ll<>D, ...... C>oom ...

-- .. - ., ,.,._,,_ r-. -- • •~ ,,,_,. ~., n, '"'

J)l':PARr.EITT:01'A0IU01JLTUIII.-DIV18l0N01'CKD I.UITIIY. "" ____ ........ , .... n.;;;'J!Z.""~:G ..... ~ .. ,.,~-~ .... ---. _n._..,,.,,.,,._,_., ___ , __ ,.__,_..._.,,_

I ,, i• .l~

I ,1;;,....,,..,_ .. ',:,. . ; . ., '" ~':.::.~''"'' ... , .... 1,, . .,\:-:·:.-,\·..::.~:"'4 ':~; .··.:: 'r; -~·-····--~-1,_ ·» .. :.~:.:.- , .•. ,, .~ ... ,

DJ!:PAlfllfElf1'0J' AQllCULTUU-£1Vlm0N 0 J' IJUDIISTlY

~- 1·01P" .,,,. .,.. .. ,._ •eRCT. L n:u: '- n1· ... · .. •-· ,r• ~ n,:,~ a•n,,._ " "' .,..,.,., ...... ........... - ... ,-..... ,.-w ••

111 ii'L1•1

~~~ . !f ~fr iii~

Dlll'AIITMJ:liTOF AOII.IOULTUl!.&- -DIV!l!!Ol OFCH[ IJlBTltT

"- C·-"-"'"" ,,.. ..... orr,~1'. r,;:o.r .. , 'I.I'. ,I , P >.~ 01<£. ,A o<. _,, .... ., ... ,."'""KH, ... IM..,,K< •·· :,,11·• ......... ,.~~ .... ., ... ,,.~

121

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY.

Tt11lnh:1~sN·, Fill., ,\p1· il 1, w1:1.

The l"ll ilf'd S ra t~"l! 11ml followiug ~t alc• no,_,· rcip1ir.thllt thc•·ne t weig: l,t or meu~ure'' be µlainl_v aml eor re<:tl.r etaretl ou 11Lc ou1~ide of :111 pnckages of f..iotl, ~imilur to the 11'!1Jll i1·crnen1~ of 1hi, Vloi-i<la l'tu-,~ F ood Law. 10-wit ·

n ,.., Uui !ed f:HU\Cij. Flori,lll. !\dm1sk:1 .Kc1·a<lu. l\ew York. Nort h Du kot:1 . Okl;1horna. Son1 h J)ako!a \1._nHn ing. Ohin. Mon ! :ina. ~fn.•~11el111setts \\'j ~( 'Ulllli ll .

. \lost or the ~U1t e~ lrn1•c fo llowed Florid:1'1< lead in thi~

:~t•.1:~1~1/j.,·;~,(,'i" j ::~~:'.~ i~ t ~:ii, it' '.'. r li~-~'1:(~~n J;;~,~:1!1:llt~~~!d~:~ i ~;.

Ollidnl~."' nt 1hr ir ronrc n l iori~ in Xcw 11,·k ~ns. in )!1Jll : i n J)ul11 1li.i11 l'."J\l;mHl in i"c:utlc.in 1:Jl:!

1: riili ll ,c J\' ;11ion;1 ] 1'aeker"1< .'.~~n(·i:,lion. ;,ncl 1t,~ l'Sa lionn l "·r1, ,' ,.~a1~ (; 1·0,·er·~ .\~.,nei,i ri, ,11, a · "/\ ,,,. 11 ha n·c <'ll<l"r~,·,l til e •' i;nl " "<'i!~:a t '>1 ' 1>(':J~ 11 r(' '· n

following:

Cali fornia. Colorado. l u1liuna . .\Jaine. }l innesota. Ten ne,ss~. l'enns,vl1·aula Yerrnont. Texas.

Tlte nn,c:mllmmt to the th in] t:lt•u~c or !-leetiou S of the Unitctl ;-:ihttl'ti l'ure Food Law is n~ follow~:

·"!'hird. JI iu pnckn~e tum1, the (]n nntit_v or !lie conteu1s lie not plai11ly :rntl euu~r,icnously 111.1rkcd 011 t he ou t ~ide or the package in tnu;~ or we;;;ht. rnrn~nre, or numerir.•nl roun1: Prorioled. bo1l"el"er. Thnt t('.1~nnal,!e varia tir,1 ,~ shnll ll<) pnmi!te,t. an,l rnlu;mces ~hall l,e est nbli~he<l l,y rnles nm\ re;;11l;1 tinn~ rnadl· in ;1ceo l'd t1 n<'e with the 1n·o1·isions of section Hu-cc of tlii~ .\et

":,ice. ::?. Thi.~ Ad shall 1ake ('(leet nnd he in force from nm] afte r its pnR~nge: Prori<le,I, howe,er. Tlint no penn lty or fine, impri~onment or eonfi~r:11 ion -~h :1 11 !Je en for1·ed ror nn.f1'iola!ion or i lsprovi,i uns ns 10 domestic prrnl ucts p rodnced or foreign 11ro,l11cts imported prior to eighteen mouths nfler its pnssnge."

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