florida operations level hazardous materials training unit 5.1 mission specific: personal protective...

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training

Unit 5.1MISSION SPECIFIC: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Florida Operations LevelHazardous Materials Training Program

Objectives Describe the types of personal protective equipment and EPA levels of protection Identify the different designs of vapor-protective and splash-protective clothing Identify the advantages and disadvantages of different types of heat exchange units Identify at least three indications of material degradation of chemical-protective clothing Identify at least three indications of material degradation of chemical-protective clothing Identify the physiological and psychological stresses of using personal protective equipment Given a scenario involving hazardous materials/WMD incidents and the emergency response

plan and/or standard operating procedures, demonstrate the technical decontamination duties assigned in the incident action plan

Identify the safety procedures and emergency procedures for personnel wearing personal protective equipment

Demonstrate local procedures for going through the technical decontamination process Describe the maintenance, testing, inspection, storage, and documentation procedures for

personal protective equipment provided by the AHJ according to the manufacturer’s specifications and recommendations

Given a scenario involving a hazardous materials/WMD incident, identify and complete the reporting and documentation requirements consistent with the emergency response plan and/or standard operating procedures regarding personal protective equipment

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PPE Use

Use of PPE in the hazardous materials/WMD setting must be directed by organizational policies and procedures or, directed by the technical over-sight of trained hazardous materials technicians

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Hazard Based Response

The process of developing personal protective measures designed to specifically address the hazards that are present at the scene in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk

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Acceptable Risks

Risk vs. Gain We will risk more to achieve more We will risk little to achieve little

Perception Based on Knowledge, training and job experience Knowledgeable Safety Officer

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Mechanisms of Harm

Thermal Etiological Asphyxiation Mechanical/Electrical Chemical Psychological Radiological

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Thermal

Proper PPE Suppression of flammable vapors with foam Elimination of ignition sources Use of protective hose lines Cooling of exposed containers

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Etiological

Respiratory protection Gowns Gloves Avoiding sharp objects

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Asphyxiation

SimpleWhat is happening to oxygen

DisplacementReaction

Chemical

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Mechanical

Stabilizing Shoring Preventing trips and falls Wearing puncture resistant clothing (e.g.,

steel toes, steel shank boot) Wear protective work gloves, helmets and

eye protection

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Chemical Heed the recommendations of the NAERG with

regards to firefighter protective clothing Protect the route of exposure Avoid areas of high vapor concentration Approach from up-wind up high Stay out of enclosed, confined or low lying areas Avoid direct product contact Always use appropriate protective clothing

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Psychological

Always know your own capabilities and limitations

Never try to over extend yourself Recognize the need for Critical Incident

Stress De-briefing (CISD)

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Radiological

Time Distance

If you double your distance from the source, you reduce your exposure to 1/4 the original rate

If you triple your distance, your exposure is reduced to 1/9 the original

Shielding

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OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120

Minimum level of protection Full turnout gear and PP/SCBA Level must be maintained until atmosphere

is quantified

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OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134

Standards for respiratory protection programs

Training Selection and use Fitness Fit testing

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Ensemble Concept

Ensembles are considered to be all of the components of a personal protective system

Respiratory protective component Dermal protective component (garment) Footwear Hand protection

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Options

Respiratory IDLH Below IDLH

Dermal Gas and vapor protective, high concentration Gas and vapor protection low concentration Liquid with low vapor pressure Particulates

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NFPA 1991

Standard 1991 — Vapor Protective Garment Protection from high levels of vapor

concentration With or without a flash fire protection option

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NFPA 1992

Splash Protective Garments Liquid splash protection Optional flash fire resistance

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NFPA 1994

CBRN terrorism response Class 2 — Vapor or liquid hazards at or

above IDLH Class 3 — Liquid splash, vapor non-IDLH Class 4 — Particulate/biological

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National Institute of Justice

LERL 1 — IDLH and flash fire LERL 2 — IDLH no fire LERL 3 — Non-IDLH respiratory hazard LERL 4 — Perimeter security operations

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Respiratory Protection

Particulate filter Filters particulates out of the air Most common are rated at 95% and 100%

(99.97%) efficient at removing particulates 0.1 micron or greater in size

Also designated as “P” of oil proof against oil aerosols and “N” as non-oil proof

Light weight Limited length of use Does not provide protection from chemical or

asphyxiation hazards

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Air Purifying Respirators (APR)

Advantages Light weight Extended work periods Stress reduction Matches protection to

actual hazard

Limitations Less protective Protection factor 100:1

max Not to be used in IDLH

atmosphere Not applicable for

firefighting Cannot be used in

oxygen deficient atmospheres

Chemical specific Must have known

chemical and known concentration

Develops negative pressure on inhalation

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PAPR

Advantages Positive pressure —

higher protection Cooling effect Much the same as

APR Stacked filters

Disadvantages Requires battery Cannot be used in

IDLH environments Must have at least

19.5% oxygen

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Advantages Reduced weight Extended operations

periods Less physical stress,

greater mobility Some are positive

pressure Protection factor

10,000:1 if positive pressure

Limitations Air source has

potential for failure so emergency egress must be maintained

Tether length limited to 300 feet

Contamination or damage to tether

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Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus (SABA)


Positive Pressure, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (PP/SCBA)

Advantages Readily available 30 to 60 min. duration Freedom of

movement Greatest protection Protection factor

10,000:1

Disadvantages Duration Weight Physical stress

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Closed Circuit

Advantages High level of

protection Longer duration up to

4hrs

Disadvantages Air supplied is heated Not rated for

firefighting or CBRNE Cold temp may

impede scrubber May be difficult to

decontaminate

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Low Pressure Alarm

Firefighting Provides a safety

period to allow emergency egress

Decontamination is generally not required during firefighting

Hazmat Safety factor of 25 –

30% of bottle life Travel time to and

from site Decontamination time Workload expected Environmental

<85 = 0 min. 85 – 90 = 5min. >90 = 10 min.

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Dermal Protection

Minimum level of protection is full turnout gear and PP/SCBA

Any higher protection requires specialized training

Support garment may be worn In support roles where an exposure is not

anticipated Examples: aprons, eye protection

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Fire Protective Clothing

Must be defensive operations Garment includes

Proximity clothing Entry clothing Structural firefighting clothing

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Skin Contact Hazards

Vapors and gases Vapors from liquids Solids

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Dermal Protective suites

Turnout gear has extreme protective limitations

Two types of protection Vapor Splash

These, combined with the different types of respiratory, give us four levels of protection

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Splash Protective Suits Cannot be used:

In IDLH concentrations Where there is potential

for gross contamination with products absorbed through skin

In potential fire areas Where large volumes of

vapors are expected Because it creates heat

stress since moisture cannot evaporate from the skin

Are well suited for: Decontamination

operations in well established systems

Dealing with non-sublimating solids

Perimeter operations quantified safe

Caring for patients that no longer pose significant risk of secondary contamination

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OSHA PPE

Level C Splash suit + APR Splash protection

with lower level of respiratory protection

Must know chemical and concentration

Level B Splash suit +

PP/SCBA Provides splash

protection with highest level or respiratory protection

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Vapor Protection

Offers the highest level or protection and also, the greatest risk of physical stress

Limitations No thermal protection Limited dexterity and

sight Limited

communications Physical stress Specialized training

and maintenance

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BASIC LEVELS OF PROTECTION

Equipment/Level Level D Level C Level B Level A

Garment Type

None X

Bunker Gear X

Bunker Gear w/CBRN Option

X

Chemical Splash X X

Vapor Protective X

Respiratory Protection

None X

Air Purifying X

Positive Pressuresupply air or SCBA

X X

Note: Full firefighter protective clothing provides a high level of respiratory protection but a low level of skin protection; therefore, it is classified as level “D” but has limited applications in the hazard area.

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Ensemble Description Using Performance-Based Standard(s)OSHA/EPA

Level

NFPA 1991, worn with NIOSH CBRN SCBA A

NFPA 1994 Class 2 worn with NIOSH CBRN SCBA A or B

NFPA 1994 Class 2 worn with NIOSH CBRN APR C

NFPA 1994 Class 3 worn with NIOSH CBRN SCBA B

NFPA 1994 Class 3 worn with NIOSH CBRN APR C

Source: DMS Interagency Board

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PPE and WMD

Radiological Radiological materials are particulates Respiratory protection prevents inhalation

and ingestion Particulate protective garments will enhance

the ability to decontaminate NFPA 1994 Class 4 ensembles with PAPR

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Nerve/Blister Agents

Nerve agents Low volatility liquids Positive pressure

SCBA is selected in IDLH environments

In low vapor concentrations, NFPA 1994 Class 2 ensembles are indicated

Blister agents Low volatility liquids Positive pressure

SCBA is selected in IDLH environments

In low vapor concentrations, NFPA 1994 Class 2 ensembles are indicated

Unit 5.1 39


Biological Agents

Particulate respiratory protection Particulate protective garment found in

NFPA 1994 Class 4 Storage Testing procedures and frequency Must be in accordance with manufacture’s

recommendations Should also cover emergency procedures

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Entry Requirements

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 Use of a buddy system Use of RIC EMS on scene dedicated to responders Decontamination in place Proper level of PPE Proper training

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PPE Maintenance

Employer must have defined PPE policy Define inspection procedures and frequency

Permeation Penetration Degradation

Cleaning, disinfection or disposal procedures Must be maintained according to manufacture’s

recommendations Enforced by Employer’s SOPs Cleaned and disinfected according to

manufacturer’s recommendations

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Testing

Garment testing is defined by the manufacturer

Most common means is by inflation testing

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Donning, Doffing and Use

Agency Standard Operating Procedures should be used in the donning, doffing and use of PPE

Florida SERC Model Procedure

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Summary

Hazards based response Personal protective equipment

Minimum level of protection Respiratory protection Dermal Protection

Unit 5.1 45

florida operations level hazardous materials training unit 5.1 mission specific: personal protective...

Documents

response q

recommendations q

little q perception

splashprotective clothing

incident action plan

epa levels of protection

acceptable level of

personal protective