floating solar prospects in central and west asia · ciel et terre hydrelior system solaris synergy...
TRANSCRIPT
Cindy Cisneros Tiangco, PhDSenion Energy Specialist
Energy Division
Central and West Asia Department
Floating Solar Prospects in Central and West Asia Regional Knowledge and Support Technical Assistance
Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyz Republic
Monthly variation of Theoretical Global
Horizontal Irradiation in the Region
(solar photovoltaic potential)
Average Annual Global Horizontal
Irradiation In the Region with
Cumulative constraints
GHI data based upon 12 year half hourly satellite images; Validated by 92 measuring stations worldwide.Accuracy of GHI estimates is around +/- 5%; provides good
quality prediction of long term average irradianceFor more details see
http://www.3tier.com/static/ttcms/us/documents/publications/validations/3TIER_Global_Solar_Validation.pdf.
Central and West Asia Solar PV Resources
Weighted exclusion factors
applied for:
Practical Resources:
• Airports/runway alignments,
railroads, urban areas,
pipelines
• National borders (5 km buffer)
• Areas with population density >
100 persons/km2
• Areas >20km away from roads
(for construction access)
• seismic danger areas
• Areas with elevation >3000m
or slopes >10%
Ecological Resources
• Snow and ice areas, shifting
sand dunes and salt pans,
tundra, swampland, All
environmentally protected
areas
“The boundaries, colors, denominations, and any other information shown on all maps in this
presentation do not imply, on the part of the Asian Development Bank, any judgment on the legal
status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries, colors,
denominations, or information.”
Generation mix, potential and installed capacity, NDC targets
– (AFG, AZE, KGZ)
Afghanistan Azerbaijan Kyrgyz
Republic
Power
generation
capacity
(MW,
share %)
Total 520 7,905 3,786
Thermal 200 (38.5%) 6,764 (85.5%) 716 (18.9%)
Hydro 254 (48.9%) 1,105 (14%)3,070
(81.1%)
Wind - -
Others 65 (12.5%) 35 (0.5%)
Potential
and
Installed
PV
capacity
Technical
Potential220,000 MW 115,200 MW 267,000 MW
Installed
capacity
A 20MW ADB
financed
project is
being tendered
Around 35MW None
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2)
emissions
and NDC
targets
million tons
CO2a
8.66 32.73 7.05
Tons
CO2/capitaa0.27 3.36 1.19
NDCb-13.6% by
2030-35% by 2030
-11.4% to -
13.75% by
2030
Southwest Asia – Afghanistan, Pakistan
Caucasus – Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
Central Asia – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Proposed KSTA Reg: Floating Solar Energy Development –(AFG, AZE, KGZ)
Rationale
• CWRD countries are heavily reliant on either fossil fuels, hydropower, or imported fuels and
power, which make them carbon-intensive, energy insecure, and vulnerable to climate and
external supply shocks.
• Solar potential is untapped due to lack of technical skills and knowledge on new technologies,
costs, benefits and financing options.
• The cost of solar energy has decreased rapidly in recent years, offering impetus for these
countries to diversify to indigenous low-carbon technologies to enhance energy security
and reduce emissions.
• Undiversified power supply in target countries: Azerbaijan, 85% fossil fuels; Kyrgyz
Republic, 90% hydro; Afghanistan, 80% imported
• Significant potential for replication in Kazakhstan, Georgia, and Pakistan, and rest of Asia.
Approach and Components:
• Pilot testing and scaling up assessment of emerging ‘floating‘ solar photovoltaic (FPV)
technology;
• business models formulation to encourage private sector participation;
• institutional capacity building (hands-on training through pilots, regional training via CAREC,
study tours to leading FPV countries)
Floating PV Technology
PV suitable for water environmentPV modules Floating
system
Mooring device Under water or
floating DC cable
Inverters / substation
PV + floating system Core technology
Under water or floating cable connection to the local power grid
Stable floating system
Mooring device to adapt to
changes in water level
Source: www.solarplaza.com; true figures as of April 2016. Over 70 installations worldwide by end 2017
Compared to over
300GW installed land-
based PV capacity
worldwide, only 70 FPV
plants (capacity 700kW
or higher) totaling 200
MW were in operation
by end of 2017. Japan
has the most number of
plants. China has the
largest at 40 MW, with
50 and 70 MW plants
coming online this year.
Several small plants are
in operation or under
construction in Italy,
Singapore, South
Korea, UK, USA and
others.
Development Status
Rapid growth in the past 3 years
Floating PV Technology – Design Considerations
Ciel et Terre HydrelioR system
Solaris Synergy System
Takiron Engineering
Sumitomo Mitsui
Koine Multimedia
FloatrackerR
technology by
❑ PV moduleso follow more stringent requirements than land-based modules due to exposure
to humid environments; anti-corrosion measures; high quality sealants;
❑ Floating platformo floats are typically made of HDPE (high density poly-ethylene), known for
its tensile strength, UV and corrosion resistance; other materials are metal-fibre glass frame structures or ferro-cement
o Commercially-available technologies:
Floating PV Technology – Design Considerations
❑ Anchoring and mooring system
o Anchoring at the banks - most cost-effective anchoring system using tipping
plate anchors
✓ Not always systematically applicable as dependent on shape of reservoir
and solar island
o Anchoring at the bottom using
tipping plate anchors or dead weights for hard soil, rocks or concrete
❑ Inverters
o centralized or string; on land or floating (water proof with good
ventilation). Central inverter on land
is usually preferred but comes with higher DC cable costs.
Floating PV Technology
❑ AC cableso used for transferring electricity
from floating platform to land if inverters are placed on the floating platform
o should have high temperature resistance; have excellent weather proofing characteristics; IP68 standard for underwater cables
o Options:✓ Regular DC or AC cable on the
water surface lifted by buoys✓ Submerged cable in a water
proof conduit✓ Underwater (marine) cable set
up – least preferred option
Credit: Kyocera TCL Solar LLC
Credit: Ciel et Terre
❑ DC cables
o copper wires and should be extremely robust and resist high mechanical load and abrasion; If encased in waterproof module junction boxes and not
submerged in water, regular DC cables can be used.
Benefits of Floating PV Systems
Water surface use vis-à-vis
requirement for land
Forests & farmlands
conservation
Higher efficiency /
higher generation
- due to natural cooling effect of water on the panels and electrical
equipment
Water retention /
healthy ecosystems
Water conservation
Clean energy production
Power in remote areas
Land optimization
Climate friendly
FPV advantages over land-based PV.
• frees up land for other uses and
saves on land acquisition or
preparation and civil works cost;
• allows higher yields (15% more) due
to the cooling effect of water, which
could make up for its higher cost;
• conserves water through reduced
evaporation;
• is quick to install; and,
• addresses energy-water-food- climate
nexus (reducing algal bloom and
increasing water clarity and fish
growth.
Applications of Floating PV Systems
- Industrial water ponds - Quarry/mine lakes - Irrigation reservoirs
- Desalinization reservoirs - Water treatment sites - Drinking water surfaces
- Aquaculture Farms - Dams / Canals - Retention ponds
HYDROPOWER
DAM
Alto Rabagão, PT – 220 kWp
FPV System Cost Breakdown
• App. 1.135 USD/Wp - (module cost 0.34 USD/Wp)
• Grid-connection highly project dependent
• No purchase of land, no civil works / ground preparation
30%
21%17%
13%
10%
6% 3%
Modules Floating structure Electrical work
Infrastructure Contingency Inverter
Grid connection
Source: SERIS
RE-KSTA FSED: Potential Pilot Sites
AfghanistanNaghlu Reservoir /
Lake Qargha
Azerbaijan Lake Boyukshor
Kyrgyzstan Toktogul Reservoir
- Qargha lake; recreational
area developed for trout
fishing, and hatchery (~25
MW potential)
- Naghlu Reservoir (over 200
MW potential
- The largest of 9 lakes in the
Absheron peninsula
- Saline and was used as a
dumping site; on-going
remediation program (over
500 MW potential)
- The largest reservoir in
Central Asia, feeds
1,200MW HPP
- (over 20 GW potential)
Project sites have huge potential for scale up, replication and showcasing various configurations, uses and benefits of
FPV:
1. Qargha dam and reservoir in AFG: used for recreation and trout fishing and hatchery and is planned to supply additional
drinking water to Kabul, provide irrigation, and feed a hydropower plant (HPP). Water conservation is essential in this dry and
rugged topography. Qargha lake could fit at least 25 MW, while the Naghlu reservoir* could theoretically fit at least 200 MW of
FPV.
2. Lake Boyukshor in AZE is saline and used as a dumping site for sewage and oil effluents. FPV could demonstrate climate -
resilient lake restoration while displacing fossil-based power. The lake could theoretically fit 500 MW FPV and there are 8 more
such lakes in Baku.
3. The 1,200 MW Toktogul HPP and reservoir supplies 40% of KGZ power, exports power and provides irrigation water to
Uzbekistan. FPV could balance the seasonality of hydro with year-round generation. The lake could theoretically fit over 20 GW
of FPV.
Implementation arrangements and counterpart in-kind contribution
• ADB will be the TA executing agency working with the country executing agencies and CAREC-ESCC country focal persons.
• The counterparts are: Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat (DABS), the Ministry of Energy and OJSC Temiz Shahar of Azerbaijan,
and OJSC Electric Power Plants (EPP) of the Kyrgyz Republic.
• he TA consultants will support TA administration and coordination, working closely with, assisting, and training the existing
project management units (PMUs) in DABS, EPP and Temiz Shahar.
• The country counterparts and their PMUs will provide data, office space, and technical staff, and assist in data collection,
meeting arrangements and others, needed to accomplish the tasks. The TA is expected to be implemented over 31 months.
* The ADB-funded 20 MW land-based PV plant expected to be constructed in 2018 is 2 km away from and will be connected to the 100 MW Naghlu HPP
Processing Milestones Expected Completion Date
Fact-finding completed January 2018
Aide-mémoire confirmed March 2018
TA Concept clearance and TA letter confirmed May 2018
Consultant mobilization June 2018
RE-KSTA FSED: Indicative Schedules
Implementation (31 months)
Q2 2018 Q3 2018 Q4 2018
Q1 2019 Q2 2019 Q3 2019-Q4 2020
1. Pilot and scaled-up FPV projects
1.1 site/tech assessment
1.2 F/S, Tender docs
1.3 Procurement; Design-Build
1.4 1-year O&M services
1.5 Feasibility studies for commercial projects
2. Business models
2.1 Review policies and identify gaps
2.2 Complete and disseminate tariff and policy study report
2.3 Prepare model tender documents and request for
proposals
3. Institutional capacity building
3.1 identify current capacity and training needs
3.2 Design training program
3.3 Organize and conduct training, study tours and conferences
Preliminary Yield Estimates – Kyrgyz Republic
• Total year: 1,500 kWh/kWp.year or 1 MW installed = 1,500 MWh/year
• Optimal PV installed capacity for hybrid operation with HPPs must be investigated (hourly, daily, monthly and seasonal production profiles
• Potential for scale up of pilots and replication within the pilot country and elsewhere in the region will be assessed
0
50
100
150
200
250
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Spe
cifi
c y
ield
[kW
h/k
Wp
.mth
]
2 MW floating solar project on Boryeong
dam reservoir, South KoreaTechnology/Developer: Posmac/K-water
40MW floating solar project on former coal
mining region, Anhui, ChinaTechnology/Developer: Sungrow Power
Examples of floating solar PV installations
Installation of Juam Dam
2.4kW Research Equipment
Installation of
Hapcheon dam 500kW commercial plant
Installation of Boryeong
dam 2MW plant
Installation of Inje
110kW Research Equipment for wetland
24
Hapcheon dam 100kW
Demonstration plantdevelopment launched
Installation of Sihwa
20kW Research Equipment for sea
On-going Research & Development (Korea)
Source:
200 kW floating solar farm in Sheeplands Farm, Berkshire, UK
Application: renewable energy on-site to power the reservoir’s pump for farm irrigation
Technology/Developer: Hydrelio by C&T/Floating Solar UK
6.3 MW floating solar farm in London’s Queen Elizabeth II reservoir
Application: power for water treatment works of Thames Water (water provider to London
& Thames valley communities)
Technology/Developer: Hydrelio by C&T/Lightsource RE UK
2 MW floating solar project on Boryeong dam
reservoir, South KoreaApplication: power generation for 700 homes
Technology/Developer: Posmac/K-water
Rendering of the 13.7MW plant on the Yamakura Dam reservoir, Chiba, Japan (2018)
Application: grid-connected power generation to power approximately 4,970 households
Technology/Developer: Kyocera TCL Solar LLC
40MW floating solar project on former
coal mining region, Anhui, ChinaApplication: power generation for
15,000 homesTechnology/Developer: Sungrow
Power