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ISBN 978-92-5-007277-7

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@= oL ;|f]tx? dflysf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] df}h'bf cj:yf tyf ;f]nfO{ lgodg ug{ ljBdfg gLltut, sfg'gL / ;+u7gfTds 9fFrfdf ;'wf/ tyf ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg',

#= ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnLdf kf/blz{tf k|a4{g ug'{ / sfof{Gjogdf ;'wf/ Nofpg',

$= sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfoÙ Goflos lgsfoÙ :yfgLo ;/sf/Ù ls;fg tyf ;fgf pTkbgstf{x?, df´L / jgh+un pkef]Qmfx?sf] ;+u7gx?Ù uf]7fnfx?Ù cflbjf;L tyf cGo ;d'bfox?Ù gful/s ;dfhÙ gLlhIf]qÙ k|f1x?Ù / ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] zf;g Joj:yf;Fu ;DalGwt cGo JolQmx?sf] Ifdtf / sfo{k|0ffnLdf ;'b[9Ls/0f ug'{ / plNnlvt stf{x?sf aLrdf ;xsfo{ k|a4{g ug'{,

1 ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] ;Gbe{df e"ldsf] cGt/f{li6«o kl/efiff 5}g . pQm zAbsf] cy{ /fli6«o kl/k]Ifdf kl/eflift ug{ ;lsG5 .

!

* efu ! k|f/lDes

@= k|s[lt / If]q

@=! oL lgb]{lzsfx? :j}lR5s x'g .

@=@ oL lgb]{lzx?sf] JofVof / sfof{Gjog ubf{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf df}h'bf bfloTj cg's"n x'g] u/L Pjd\ ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGqx? cGtu{tsf :j]lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg ug]{ u/L ug'{k5{ . oL lgb]{lzsfx? dfgj clwsf/, e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ;'/lIft ef]urng / :jfldtsf] clwsf/af/] ;Daf]wg ug{ /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o, tyf If]qLo ?kdf ePsf yfngLx?sf] kl/k"/s tyf ;xof]uL / zf;g Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug]{ k|of;x? x'g . oL lgb]{lzx?df pNn]lvt s'g} klg s'/fn] cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf /fHosf bfloTjx?nfO{ ;Lldt jf cGb]vf u/]sf] dfgL cy{ ul/g' x'Fb}g .

@=# oL lgb]{lzsfx?nfO{ /fHoÙ sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfoÙ Goflos clwsf/LÙ :yfgLo ;/sf/Ù ls;fg tyf ;fgf pTkfbgstf{, df´L / jgh+unsf pkef]Qmfx?sf] ;+u7gx?Ù uf]7fnfx?Ù cflbjf;L hghflt tyf cGo ;d'bfox?Ù gful/s ;dfhÙ gLlhIf]q, k|fl1s If]qÙx? / ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] zf;g k|0ffnLsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ / ;'wf/sf If]q klxrfg u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+a4 ;a} JolQmx?n] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ / ;'wf/sf ljifox? klxrfg u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg]5g .

@=$ oL lgb]{lzsfx?sf] If]q ljZjJofkL 5 . /fli6«o kl/k|]Ifdf of] lgb]{lzsfnfO{ ;a} d'n's / If]qx?n] cfˆgf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] k|To]s r/0f Pjd\ ;fj{hlgs, gLlh, ;Dk|bfout, ;fd'lxs, /}yfg] tyf k|yfut ef]urngsf ;a} lsl;dsf ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf :j?kx?sf] Joj:yfkg ug{sf] lgldQ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

@+=% oL lgb]{lzsfx?nfO{ /fli6«o sfg'g k|0ffnL tyf tbg'?ksf] ;+:yfut Joj:yf cg's"n x'g] u/L JofVof tyf k|of]u ul/g' kb{5 .

efu @ ;fdfGo ljifoj:t' (

efu @;fdfGo ljifoj:t'

o; efun] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL zf;g Joj:yfsf kIfx?, o;;Fu ;DalGwt clwsf/ tyf st{Josf] ;Gbe{df gLltut, sfg'gL tyf ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf Pjd\ ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5 .

ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL zf;gsf] ;Gbe{df dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGqx? cGtu{t /fHosf bfloTjx? 5g\ . o; lgb]{lzsfsf] efu @ nfO{ cg'R5]b @=@ adf]lhd x'g] u/L x]l/g'kb{5 .

#= ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] lhDd]jf/k"0f{ zf;g Joj:yfsf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx?

# -s_ ;fdfGo l;4fGtx? #=! /fHox?n]M

!= ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] ;a} j}w clwsf/jfnfx? / pgLx?sf] clwsf/x?nfO{ dfGotf / ;Ddfg ug'{ kg]{5 . /fHox?n] s;}sf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/df sf]lxaf6 cltqmd0f ePdf To;nfO{ /f]Sg tyf ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt st{Jo kfngf ug{sf] nflu cf}krfl/s ?kdf clen]v eP jf gePklg ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] j}w clwsf/jfnfx? / pgLx?sf] clwsf/sf] klxrfg, clen]v / ;Ddfg ug]{ dgfl;a pkfox? cjnDag ug'{kb{5 .

@= a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ lj?4 x'g] wDsL tyf cltqmd0faf6 ;'/lIft ug'{kb{5 . /fHox?n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf cfˆgf df}h'bf bfloTjx? ljkl/t x'g] u/L s;}sf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ lj?4 s;}af6 x'g ;Sg] :j]R5frf/L cltqmd0f Pjd\ ha/h:tL lgisf;gaf6 ;DalGwt clwsf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{kb{5 .

#= a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] pkef]unfO{ k|a4{g / ;xhLs/0f ug'{kb{5 . /fHon] ef]urngsf] clwsf/sf] k"0f{ k|of]unfO{ k|a4{g tyf ;xhLs/0f ug{ jf ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt sf/f]af/x?sf] ;]jfdf ;a}sf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lqmo sbdx? cjnDag ug'{kb{5 .

$= a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/dfly ePsf] cltqmd0fsf] lj?4 sfg'gL sf/jfxL ug{ clwsf/jfnfsf] Gofodf kx'Fr k|bfg ug'{kb{{5 . /fHon] Goflos lgsfo dfkm{t jf cGo s'g} pkfoåf/f ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ljjfbx?sf] ;dfwfg

@

!) efu @ ;fdfGo ljifoj:t'

ug{ / ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] qmddf ePsf] kl/0ffdsf] ;'ne tyf zL3| sfof{Gjog ug{, u/fpg ;a}nfO{ k|efjsf/L / kx'Frof]Uo pkfo pknAw u/fpg' kb{{5 .

%= ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;Fu ;DalGwt ljjfb, lx+;fTds åGå tyf e|i6frf/hGo lqmofsnfkaf6 /f]Sg'kb{5 . /fHon] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljjfb pTkGg x'gaf6 /f]Sg / ljjfb eOxfn]df To;nfO{ lx+;fTds åGålt/ pGd'v x'g glbg /fHon] ;lqmo pkfox? cjnDag ug'{kb{5 . /fHon] ;a} tx / If]qdf x'g] ;a} lsl;dsf e|i6frf/x?nfO{ /f]Sg] k|of; ug'{kb{{5 .

#=@ Jofj;flos ;+:yfx? nufotsf u}//fHokIfn] dfgj clwsf/ tyf a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ . Jofj;flos ;+:yfx?n] c?sf] dfgj clwsf/ / a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/dfly cltqmd0f gx'g] u/L xf]l;of/Lk"j{s sfo{ ug'{k5{ . Jofj;flos ;+:yfx?n] dfgj clwsf/ tyf a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/dfly kg{ ;Sg] k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ /f]Sg tyf ;Daf]wg ug{ pko'Qm hf]lvd Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL nfu" ug'{k5{ . Jofj;flos ;+:yfx?n] ltgsf sf/0f l;lh{t dfgj clwsf/ tyf a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/df gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] cj:yfnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ tyf sfof{Gog :t/df k|efjsf/L u'gf;f] ;'g'jfOsf nflu u}/Goflos ;+oGq :yfkgf ug{] sfo{df cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . Jofj;flos ;+:yfx?n] cfˆgf] ;+nUgtfsf sf/0f s;}sf] dfgj clwsf/ jf a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/dfly k/]sf] jf kg{ ;Sg] k|efjsf] n]vfhf]vf / d"NofÍg ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] dfgj clwsf/ tyf a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/dfly Jofj;flos ;+:yfx?af6 gsf/fTds c;/ kg{ uPsf] kfOPdf cGt/f{li6«o bfloTj cg';f/ k|efjsf/L Goflos pkrf/df kx'Fr pknAw u/fpg' k5{ . hxf+F ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx? ;+nUg 5g, dfgj clwsf/ tyf a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] pNn+3gdf ltgLx?sf] ;+nUgtf gePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu To:tf sDkgLx?sf] u[x/fHox?n] tL sDkgLx? / sDkgL ;+nUg /x]sf] /fHonfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] cfˆgf] :jfldTj jf lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] jf cfkm"n] ;f/e"t ;xof]u / ;]jf lbPsf] sDkgLaf6 dfgj clwsf/ tyf a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/dfly x'g ;Sg] xggaf6 ;+/If0f k|bfg ug{ yk pkfox? ;d]t cjnDag ug'{k5{ .

# -v_ sfof{Gjogsf l;4fGtx?e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng ;DaGwL pQ/bfoL zf;g k|0ffnLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg tn pNn]lvt sfof{Gjogsf l;4fGtx? dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ .

!= dfgjLo dof{bfM ;a} JolQmx?sf] g};lu{s dfgjLo dof{bf tyf ;dfg tyf cx/0fLo clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{'k5{ .

@= clej]bM sfg'g / gLlt cGtu{t tyf Jojxf/df ;d]t s;}nfO{ klg e]befj ug{' x'b}g .

#= ;dtf / GofoM /fli6«o ;Gbe{df JolQmx?aLrsf] km/skgnfO{ ;d]t :jLsf/ ub}{ dlxnf tyf k'?if, o'jf, hf]lvddf k/]sf ju{ / k/Dk/fut ?kdf ;LdfGts[t ju{ nufot ;a}sf] ;dtfd"ns ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/ / e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] kx'Frdf ;dtf k|a4{g ug{ ;zQmLs/0f nufotsf ;sf/fTds pkfox? cjnDag u/L JolQmx?aLrsf] ;dfgtfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ .

$= n}lËs ;dfgtfM jf:tljs ;dfgtf clej[l4 ug{ dlxnf / k'?ifaLrsf] km/skgnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ ljz]if pkfo cjnDag u/L ;Dk"0f{ dfgj clwsf/sf] pkef]udf dlxnf tyf k'?ifsf] ;dfg clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{kg]{, gful/s tyf j}jflxs l:ylt h] h:tf] eP klg /fHon] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng / kx'Frdf dlxnf / lszf]/Lx?nfO{ k'?if ;/xsf] ;dfgtf ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ .

@

efu @ ;fdfGo ljifoj:t' !!

%= PsLs[t tyf lbuf] cjwf/0ffM k|fs[lts ;|f]tx? / ltgsf] k|of]uaLr cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw /x]sf] tYonfO{ :jLsf/ u/L ltgsf] Joj:yfkgsf] lglDt PsLs[t / lbuf] cjwf/0ff cjnDag ug'{k5{ .

^= k/fdz{ tyf ;xeflutfM olb s'g} lg0f{on] a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ c;/ kb{5 eg] To:tf] cj:yfdf ltgLx?nfO{ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xefuL u/fpg tyf cfjZos ;xof]usf] ck]Iff /fVg ltgLx?sf] sb/ ub}{ To:tf] lg0f{o x'g' cl3 g} ;xeflu u/fpg' k5{ . To;}u/L ljleGg kIfx?aLrsf] ljBdfg zlQm c;Gt'ngnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL lg0f{o k|s[ofdf ;+a4 JolQm tyf ;d'xx?sf] ;lqmo, :jtGq, k|efjsf/L, cy{k"0f{ / ;"lrt ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/g'k5{ .

&= sfg'gsf] zf;gM cfjZostf cg';f/sf] efiffdf Jofks ?kdf k|rf/k|;f/ ul/Psf], ;a}sf nflu nfu" x'g], ;dfg ?kdf sfof{Gjog / :jtGq?kdf cEof; ul/g], / /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf df}h'bf bfloTj cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo Pj+d\ cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j]lR5s k|lta4tfnfO{ ;d]t plrt ;Ddfg x'g] u/L th'{df ul/Psf] sfg'gdf cfwfl/t k4lt cjnDag ug'{k5{ .

*= kf/blz{tfM :ki6 gLlt, sfg'g / sfo{ljlw agfO{ ltgnfO{ cfjZos efiffx?df Jofks ?kn] k|rf/k|;f/ ug'{k5{ / ;a}sf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt x'g] 9fFrfdf lg0f{ox?sf] cfjZos efiffx?df Jofks k|rf/k|;f/ ug{'k5{ .

(= pQ/bfloTjM JolQmx?, ;fj{hlgs lgsfox? / u}//fHokIfx?nfO{ ltgsf] sfo{ / lg0f{osf nflu sfg'gsf] zf;gsf] l;4fGt cg'?k lhDd]jf/ agfOg'k5{ . ,

!)= lg/Gt/ ;'wf/M k|df0fdf cfwfl/t sfo{qmdx? th'{df ug{ / eO/x]sf ;'wf/x?nfO{ ;'/lIft t'Nofpg /fHox?n] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] zf;g Joj:yfsf] cg'udg / ljZn]if0f ug]{ ;+oGqx?df ;'wf/ ug'{k5{ .

$= ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/ tyf st{Jox?

$=! dfgj clwsf/, vfB ;'/Iff, ul/aL pGd"ng, lbuf] hLljsf, ;fdflhs l:y/tf, cfjf; ;'/Iff, u|fld0f ljsf; / ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf] kl/k"lt{sf] nflu e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+un s]Gb|ljGb' ePsfn] /fHon] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DawL lhDd]jf/k"0f{ zf;g Joj:yfsf] k|Tofe"ltsf] lglDt k|oTgzLn x'g'kb{5 .

$=@ /fHox?n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L / ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg x'g] ;'lglZrttf u/L ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ tyf o;sf] zf;g k|0ffnL ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;~rfng ug'{k5{ .

$=# lghL :jfldTj nufot ef]urngsf] clwsf/ k"0f{ tyf ;Ldf/lxt g/x]sf] tYonfO{ ;a} kIfn] klxrfg ug'{kb{5 . ;a} ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/x? c?sf] clwsf/ tyf /fHon] ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nflu rfNg] pkfox?af6 l;ldt ul/Psf] x'G5 . To:tf pkfox? sfg'gåf/f lgwf{l/t ePsf] / ;fj{hlgs lxt tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] nflu /fHosf] dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL bfloTjsf] cg's"n x'g] u/L ul/Psf] x'g'k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ tf]lsPsf] st{Jon] ;d]t ;Gt'ngdf /fv]sf] x'G5 . ;a}n] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] bL3{sfnLg ;+/If0f / lbuf] pkof]usf] ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ .

$=$ /fli6«o sfg'gsf] cg's'n ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] kl/If0fsf] cfwf/df, ljBdfg sfg'gn] ;+/If0f gu/]sf] a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;d]t /fHon] sfg'gL dfGotf k|bfg ug'{k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttdf gLlt tyf sfg'g clje]bsf/L Pj+d\ n}lËs?kn] ;+j]

@

!@ efu @ ;fdfGo ljifoj:t'

bgzLn ePsf] x'g'k5{ . a}w dflgPsf clwsf/x?sf] auL{s/0fsf] ;DaGwdf of] lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]lvt k/fdz{ tyf ;xeflutfsf] l;4fGt cg's"n x'g] u/L Jofks ?kdf k|rf/k|;f/ ul/Psf] lgod dfkm{t lglZrt ug'{k5{ . ;a} JolQmsf ef]urngsf ;a} :j?kx?nfO{ lglZrt ;+/If0f k|bfg ug{'k5{ . /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L ul/g] ha/h:tL lgsfnf tyf b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ / cGo lsl;dsf wDsL lbg] sfo{ lj?4 sfg'gL ;+/If0fsf] k|Tofe"lt ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ .

$=% /fHox?n] a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;+/If0f k|bfg ug'{k5{ . dflg;x?nfO{ :j]R5frf/Lk"j{s pgLx?sf] ef]urng tyf clwsf/af6 jl~rt gul/g] / pgLx?sf] a}w clwsf/nfO{ s'g} lsl;dn] ;dfKt ug]{ jf a]bvnL ug]{ sfo{ gx'g] s'/fsf] /fHon] k|Tofe"lt lbg'k5{ .

$=^ a}jflxs cj:yfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g, sfg'gL ;Ifdtfsf] cefj / cfly{s ;|f]tx?df kx'Frsf] cefj h:tf cfwf/x?af6 ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf pTkGg ePsf ;a} :j?ksf e]befjx?nfO{ /fHon] x6fpg / lgif]w ug'{k5{ . ljif]zu/L /fHon] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] nflu ;dfg ef]urngsf] clwsf/nfO{ hGdl;4 clwsf/sf] ?kdf ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . To:tf clwsf/x? cGtu{t k}t[s jf pQ/flwsf/Lsf] x}l;otn] ;DklQ k|fKt ug]{ jf bfg jf OR5fkq adf]lhd ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ h:tf clwsf/x? k5{g\ . ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug]{ qmddf /fHon] ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfo{x? /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L / ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg ug]{ u/L ;~rfng ul/g'k5{ .

$=& dflg;x?n] cfˆg} k|of;af6 ef]urngsf] clwsf/ k|fKt ug{, of clwsf/nfO{ l6sfpg, /fHosf sfof{Gjog lgsfo jf Goflos lgsfoaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jfsf] k|flKtdf kx'Fr /fVg jf pgLx?sf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ c;/ ug{ ;Sg] k|s[ofdf ;xefuL x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf /fHon] To:tf dflg;x?nfO{ clje]bsf/L / n}lËs ?kn] ;+j]bgzLn x'g] u/L cfjZos ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ tkm{ ljrf/ ug'{k5{ .

$=* ;a} lsl;dsf dfgj clwsf/x? ljZjJoflk, cljefHo, cGt/lge{/ / cGt/;DalGwt x'G5g . h;n] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng ;DaGwL zf;g Joj:yfn] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] kx'Fr / k|of]u;Fu ;DalGwt clwsf/x?nfO{ dfq ljrf/ gu/L gful/s, /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts clwsf/x?nfO{ klg plQs} ljrf/ ug'{k5{ . To;}u/L /fHon] ls;fg, cflbjf;L tyf hghftL, df´L, uf]7fnf / u|fld0f sfdbf/x?sf] dfgj clwsf/ Pj+d\ dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx?sf] gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/sf] ;d]t ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ . /fHon] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ;+/If0fsf] If]qdf lqmofzLn JolQm tyf ;+3;+:yfx?;Fu Jojxf/ ubf{ dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL cfˆgf] bfloTj k"/f ug'{k5{ .

$=( /fHon] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljjfbx?sf] zL3|, ;'ne / k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;dfwfg ug{ lgikIf / ;Ifd k|zf;lgs tyf Goflos lgsfo :yfkgf ug{'kb{5 / oL lgsfox?df ;a}sf] kx'Fr pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . ljjfbsf] k|efjsf/L ;dfwfg ug{ a}slNks pkrf/sf pkfox? / cfjZostf cg';f/ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ clwsf/ ;d]t nfu' ug{'k5{ . To:tf pkfox? cGtu{t k"g:yf{kgf, ljuf] e/fpg], Ifltk"lt{ / kl/k"/0f ;d]t kg{ ;S5g\ . To:tf pkrf/x? t'?Gt} sfof{Gjogdf cfpg] ;d]t x'g'k5{ . /fHon] plNnlvt pkrf/x?df cg'R5]b ̂ =^ / @!=^ cg's"n x'g] u/L hf]lvddf k/]sf tyf ;LdfGts[t JolQmx?sf] kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ k|oTgzLn x'g'k5{ . /fHon] s;}sf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g ePsf] cj:yfdf plNnlvt pkrf/x?df lghsf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ .

$=!) /fHon] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL zf;gdf ;xeflutfd"ns k|s[ofdf /fli6«o sfg'gsf] cg's"n x'g] u/L e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf pkef]Qmfsf] k"0f{ ;xeflutfnfO{ :jLsf/ / ;xhLs/0f ug'{k5{ . /fli6«o sfg'g / ljwflosf cg';f/ o; cGtu{t gLlt, sfg'g tyf If]qLo ljsf;sf] lg0f{o th'{df / sfof{Gjogdf /fHo / u}//fHokIfsf] pko'Qm e"ldsf /xg] ljifo kb{5 .

@

efu @ ;fdfGo ljifoj:t' !#

%= ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL gLltut, sfg'gL tyf ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf

%=! /fHox?n] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL lhDd]jf/k"0f{ zf;g Joj:yf k|a4{g ug{ gLltut, sfg'gL tyf ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgfx?sf] Joj:yf u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ . oL 9fFrf sfg'g k|0ffnL, ;fj{hlgs ;]jf / Goflos clwsfl/x? a[xt ;'wf/df cfwfl/t / ;dly{t x'G5g\ .

%=@ /fHox?n] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] zf;g ;DaGwL cfˆgf gLltut, sfg'gL tyf ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgfx? /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n /x]sf] / ;+a4 If]qLo tyf /fli6«o ;+oGq cGtu{t :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg ul/Psf] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug'{kg]{5 .

%=# /fHox?n] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] zf;g ;DaGwL cfˆgf gLltut, sfg'gL tyf ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgfx?n] /fli6«o sfg'g adf]lhd x'g] u/L a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ tyf ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL k|yfut clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf lbO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] k|Tofe"lt lbg'k5{ . To:tf ;+/rgfx?n] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo dxTjnfO{ k|ltlalDat ug'{k5{ . /fHosf ;+/rgfx? clje]bsf/L Pj+d\ ;fdflhs ;dtf / n}lËs ;dfgtf k|a4{g ug{ nlIot x'g'kb{5 . To:tf ;+/rgfx?n] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+un / ltgsf] k|of]uaLrsf] cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGwnfO{ k|ltlalDat ug''{kb{5 . o;sf] k|zf;gsf] Jojf:yfkg ug{] PsLs[t k4ltsf] :yfkgf ug'{k5{ .

%=$ /fHox?n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ tyf o;;Fu ;+a4 cGo clwsf/x?sf] pkef]udf dlxnf tyf lszf]/Lx?n] ef]Ug' k/]sf ljz]if cj/f]wx?nfO{ Wofg lbg'k5{ . cfˆgf sfg'gL tyf gLltut ;+/rgfx? dfkm{t dlxnfsf] lglDt kof{Kt ;+/If0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg'k5{ . dlxnfx?sf] ef]urng ;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf lbO{ To;sf] sfof{Gjog / k|rng ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . ;dfgtfsf] cfwf/df k'?if ;/x dlxnfn] klg cGo JolQmx?;Fu sfg'gL ?kn] ef]urngsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt s/f/ ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . dlxnfx?nfO{ ef]urng ;DaGwL cfˆgf a}wflgs OR5fx? /Iff ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;Ifd agfpg /fHon] sfg'gL ;]jf / cGo ;xof]ux? pknAw u/fpg k|oTgzLn x'g'k5{ .

%=% /fHox?n] d"nwf/af6 alxis/0fdf k/]sf dlxnf tyf k'?if Pj+d\ k|efljt ;a} kIfx?nfO{ ;xeflutfd"ns k|s[ofaf6 ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cfjZos gLlt, sfg'g tyf sfo{ljlw agfpg'k5{ . To:tf gLlt, sfg'g tyf sfo{ljlw agfpFbf sfof{Gjog IfdtfnfO{ ;d]t plrt Wofg lbg'k5{ . To:tf] gLlt, sfg'g tyf sfo{ljlwdf n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn k4tL cjnDag u/L pko'Tfm efiffdf :ki6 ?kn] cleJoQm x'g] u/L To;sf] Jofks k|rf/k|;f/ ;d]t ug'{k5{ .

%=^ /fHox?n] hgtfnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;]jf k|jfx ug{ ;/sf/sf ;a} txx?df lhDd]jf/L ls6fg ug'{k5{ . e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|zf;g;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L :ki6 ?kn] kl/eflift ug'{k5{ . sfof{Gjog lgsfo tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/ Pj+d\ cflbjf;L, hghflt / k|yfut ef]urng k|0ffnL;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ;d'bfoaLr ;dGjo :yflkt ug'{k5{ .

%=& /fHox?n] gful/s ;dfh, gLlhIf]q tyf k|f1x?nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ gLltut, sfg'gL tyf ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfx?sf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpgsf] lglDt cj;/x? lgwf{/0f u/L ;f]sf] k|rf/k|;f/ ;d]t ug'{k5{ .

@

!$ efu @ ;fdfGo ljifoj:t'

%=* /fHo / cGo kIfx?n] gLltut, sfg'gL tyf ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfx?sf] k|efjsfl/tf sfod /fVg ltgsf] lg/Gt/ k'g/fjnf]sg / cg'udg ug'{k5{ . ;]jfk|jfxdf ;'wf/ ug{ / kf/bzL{ k|s[of tyf lg0f{oåf/f e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{sf] nflu sfof{Gjog lgsfo tyf Goflos clwsf/Lx?n] gful/s ;dfh, pkef]Qmfsf k|ltlglw / cfd ;j{;fwf/0f;Fu ldn]/ ;xsfo{ ug'{k5{ . kl/jt{g / To;sf] ;Defljt k|efjsf] af/]] hfgsf/L :ki6 ?kdf cleJoQm x'g]u/L cfjZos efiffx?df Jofks k|rf/ k|;f/ ug'{k5{ .

%=( /fHox?n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt tyf sfg'gx?n] d'n'ssf] a[xb /fhgLlts, sfg'gL, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, wfld{s, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo kl/j]zdf sfd ub{5g\ eGg] tYonfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ . ljBdfg kl/l:yltdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf sf/0fn] ef]urngsf] k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPdf /fHon] k|:tfljt ;'wf/x?sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ /fli6«o ;xdlt lgdf{0f ug]{ k|of; ug'{k5{ .

^= ;]jf k|jfx2

^=! /fHox?n] cfˆgf] ;|f]t / ;fwgn] EofP;Dd sfof{Gjog lgsfo / Goflos clwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;dod} k|efjsf/L / n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn ?kn] gLlt tyf sfg'gx?sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;Ifd t'Nofpg dfgjLo, ef}lts, ljQLo tyf cGo lsl;dsf] Ifdtfn] ;'b[9 t'Nofpg'k5{ . ;+u7gdf ;a} txsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lg/Gt/ tflndsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . n}lËs / ;fdflhs ;dfgtf ;'lglZrt ug{'kg]{ bfloTjnfO{ plrt ;Ddfg ub}{ ;+u7gdf hgzlQmsf] cfk"lt{ ug{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'k5{ .

^=@ /fHox?n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j]lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg u/L ef]urng ;DaGwL ;]jfk|jfx / k|zf;g ;~rfng ug'{k5{ .

^=# ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;+/If0f, k|a4{g, ;xhLs/0f / ljjfbx?sf] lg?k0f ug{ /fHon] zL3|, kx'Frof]Uo / clje]bsf/L ;]jfx? pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . cgfjZos sfg'gL tyf k|s[ofut zt{x? x6fpg' k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cj/f]wx? kG5fpg k|oTgzLn x'g'k5{ . sfof{Gjog lgsfo / Goflos clwsf/Lx?n] k|jfx ul//x]sf ;]jfx?sf] k"g/fjnf]sg u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ ;'wf/x? ug'{k5{ .

^=$ /fHox?n] cfˆgf sfof{Gjog lgsfo / Goflos clwsf/Lx?n] b'u{d If]qsf jfl;Gbf nufot ;a} hgtfx?nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofO/x]sf] jf k'¥ofpg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug'{k5{ . ;]jf k|jfxdf ;Ifdtf / kx'Fr a9fpg :yfgLo txdf pko'Qm x'g] k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L zL3| / k|efjsf/L ;]jf pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . ;]jf k|jfx ubf{ ljZj;lgotf / Ps?ktf sfod x'g] u/L ;]jfk|bfosx?n] gLlt tyf sfg'gx?sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;s'g eGg] p2]Zon] cfGtl/s lgb]{lzsfx? agfpg' k5{ . ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] ;'/Iff jf Gofosf] u'0f:t/df k|lts"n c;/ gx'g] u/L ;]jf k|jfx ;DaGwL sfo{ljlwnfO{ ;/nLs[t ug'{k5{ . o;sf ;fy} JofVofTds l6Kk0fLo'Qm ;fdfu|Lx?nfO{ k|rlnt efiffx?df Jofks ?kn] k|rf/k|;f/ u/L o;sf] k|of]ustf{x?nfO{ cfˆgf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jox?sf] af/]df hfgsf/ t'Nofpg'k5{ .

^=% /fHox?n] cfˆgf] sfof{Gjog lgsfox?, cflbjf;L hgtf tyf cGo ;d'bfo, gful/s ;dfh, lghLIf]q, k|fl1s au{ / ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]usf] nflu ef]urng / :jfldTjsf]

2 bkmf ^ n] vf; u/L bkmf !& b]lv @! ;Dd cWoog ug{ lgb]{lzt ub{5 .

@

efu @ ;fdfGo ljifoj:t' !%

clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt e"ldsf] Jojl:yt k|of]u ;DaGwL Pj+d\ cGo ;"rgfx?sf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ gLlt tyf sfg'g agfpg'k5{ . /fHox?n] pknAw ;"rgfx?sf] k|of]u ug]{ ;DaGwdf If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08x?nfO{ Wofg lbO{ /fli6«o dfkb08 ljsf; ug'{k5{ .

^=^ /fHox?n] k|zf;lgs tyf Goflos ;]jfx?df kx'Fr /fVg g;Sg] hf]lvddf k/]sf tyf ;LdfGts[t ;d'xx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{] cltl/Qm pkfox? cjnDag ug{ ljrf/ ug'{k5{ . o:tf pkfox?df sfg'gL ;xfotf, ;'ne / kx'Frof]Uo sfg'gL ;xof]u, sfg'g jf e"ldsf] gfkhfFr ;DaGwdf ;fdfGo 1fg ePsf JolQmx?af6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf -kf/flnun, kf/f;j]{_, b'u{d If]qsf ;d'bfo, lkm/Gt] tyf cflbjf;Lx?sf nflu 3'lDt;]jf h:tf ;]jfx? kb{5g\ .

^=& /fHox?n] g}lts Jojxf/df cfwfl/t ;F:s[ltsf] ljsf; ug{ sfof{Gjog lgsfo / Goflos clwsf/Lx?nfO ;]jf tyf k|f]T;fxg ug'{k5{ . ;]jfsf] :t/ j[l4 ug{, ;]jf k|jfxdf ;'wf/ Nofpg, pkef]Qmfx?sf] ck]Iff / rfxgfx?nfO{ k"/f ug{, sfof{Gjog lgsfo / Goflos clwsf/Lx?n] ;j]{If0f / nlIot ;d'x h:tf ljlw dfkm{t lg/Gt/ ?kdf k[i7kf]if0f k|fKt ug'{k5{ . ;DalGwt lgsfox?n] glthfsf] cfwf/df lgoldt ?kdf sfo{;Dkfbg dfkb08 / k|ltj]bg k|sfzg ug'{k5{ . ;]jf k|jfxsf] ljifodf pkef]Qmfx?n] ph'/L lbg] / To:tf ph'/Lx? ;Daf]wg ug{sf] lgldQ sfof{Gjog lgsfo leq} k|zf;sLo k"g/fj]bg nfUg] jf afx\o ?kdf :jtGq k"g/fjnf]sg x'g;Sg] jf ph'/L ;'Gg] 5'§} lgsfo -cDa8\:Dofg_ h:tf k4ltx? pknAw u/fpg'' kb{5 .

^=* ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;DalGwt Jofj;flos ;+:yfx?n] pRr:t/sf] g}lts Jojxf/sf] ljsf;, k|rf/k|;f/ / To;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ug'{k5{ . ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL If]qsf kIfx?n] k|rlnt g}lts dfkb08sf] kfngf ug'{kb{5 . To:tf] dfkb08sf] pNn+3g u/]sf] cj:yfdf cg'zf;gfTds sf/jfxLsf] eflubf/ aGg'k5{ . lgodg ug]{ To:tf Jofj;flos ;+:yfx? gePsf] cj:yfdf /fHon] To:tf ;+:yfx? :yfkgf ug{sf] nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0f to ug'{k5{ .

^=( /fHo tyf u}//fHo kIfx?n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ k|oTg ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] k/fdz{, ;xeflutf, sfg'gsf] zf;g, kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]lxtf h:tf dfWodåf/f e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug'{k5{ . lgoGq0f tyf ;Gt'ng, zlQmsf] :j]R5frf/L k|of]udf ;Ldf, :jfy{x?aLr x'g] åG4sf] ;Daf]wg / :ki6 lgodx?sf] th'{df h:tf pkfox?sf] dfWodåf/f /fHon] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ cfjZos pkfox? cjnDag u/L nfu" ug'{k5{ . /fHon] sfof{Gjog lgsfox?sf] lg0f{o pk/ k|zf;lgs jf Goflos k"g/fjnf]sg jf b'j} pknAw x'g] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . ef]urngsf] k|zf;g ;~rfngdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ pgLx?n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfo{k|lt pQ/bfoL agfpg'k5{ . pgLx?nfO{ cfˆgf] st{Jo k|efjsf/L ?kdf kfng ug{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t;fwg pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . cfˆgf] st{Jo kfngf ubf{ x'g;Sg] x:tIf]k tyf e|i6frf/sf] ljifodf ;"rgf lbPjfkt pgLx? lj?4 x'g;Sg] k|ltzf]waf6 pgLx?nfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ .

efu # ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jox?sf] sfg'gL dfGotf tyf ljt/0f !&

#efu

ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jox?sf] sfg'gL dfGotf tyf ljt/0f

o; efun] k|yfut ef]urngsf] k|0ffnL /x]sf cflbjf;L tyf cGo ;d'bfosf] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undfly ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf lbg] ;Gbe{df To:tf ;|f]tx?sf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL zf;g Joj:yf, ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] cgf}krfl/s clwsf/ Pj+d\ ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] :jfldTj jf lgoGq0f /x]sf e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undfly ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] k|f/lDes ljt/0fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5 .

&= ;'/If0fx?

&=! /fHox?n] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf lb+bf / 5'6ofpbf k|rlnt sfg'gn] ;+/If0f u/L g;s]sf] a}w ef]urngsf] clwsf/ nufot c?sf] ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/dfly cltqmd0f x'g jf To:tf] clwsf/nfO{ nf]k x'gaf6 arfpgsf] lglDt k|rlnt sfg'g cg's"n x'g] u/L ;'/If0fsf pkfox? cjnDag ug'{k5{ . To:tf ;'/If0fsf pkfox?n] ljz]ifu/L dlxnf tyf hf]lvddf k/]sf ju{x?sf] clwsf/x?nfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ .

&=@ /fHox?n] ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/ tyf st{Jox?nfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf lbg] Pj+d\ To:tf] clwsf/ / st{Jox?sf] ljt/0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ubf{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ .

&=# /fHox?n] ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf lbO{ To:tf] clwsf/sf] ljt/0f ug{ rfx]df ;j{k|yd clen]v ul/Psf jf gul/Psf ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL k|rlnt ;a} clwsf/x? tyf clwsf/jfnfx?sf] klxrfg ug'{k5{ . k|yfut ef]urngsf] k|0ffnL /x]sf cflbjf;L, hghflt / cGo ;d'bfo tyf ;fgf xsjfnfx? / c;/ kg{ ;Sg] ;a} JolQmx?nfO{ o; lgb]{lzsfsf] cg'R5]b #-v_^ / (=( cg's"n x'g] u/L k/fdz{ k|s[ofdf ;xefuL u/fpg' k5{ . olb hgtfn] cfˆgf ef]urng ;DaGwL clwsf/x?nfO{ dfGotf k|bfg gul/Psf] 7fg]df /fHon] o; lgb]{lzsfsf] cg'R5]b $=( cg's"n x'g] u/L pgLx?nfO{ Gofodf kx'Fr pknAw u/fpg'k5{ .

&=$ /fHox?n] jt{dfgdf dfGotf k|bfg ul/Psf gofF ef]urng ;DaGwL clwsf/x?sf] pkef]udf dlxnf tyf k'?ifsf] ;dfg clwsf/ /xg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug'{k5{ / tL clwsf/x?sf] clen]v ;d]t /fVg'k5{ . ;Dej eP;Dd JolQm, kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfosf] ef]urng ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] sfg'gL dfGotf / clwsf/ k|bfg ;DaGwL sfo{ /fli6«o k|fyldstf cg';f/ Pskl5 csf]{ If]qdf Jojl:yt ?kn] ug'{k5{ . o;f] ubf{ ul/a tyf hf]lvddf k/]sf ju{x?nfO{ cfˆgf] ef]urngsf] clwsf/sf] sfg'gL

#

!* efu # ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jox?sf] sfg'gL dfGotf tyf ljt/0f

dfGotf k|fKt ug{ k"0f{ cj;/ pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . vf;u/L ul/a tyf hf]lvddf k/]sf ju{x?nfO{ o; qmddf sfg'gL ;xfotf k|bfg ug'{k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] k|f/lDes clen]v ubf{ / gSzfÍg ubf{ kf/blz{tf clej[l4 ug{ :yfgLo ?kdf pko'Qm x'g] ljlwx? k|of]u ug'{kb{5 .

&=% /fHox?n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf lbPsf jf To:tf] clwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf JolQmx?nfO{ cfˆgf] clwsf/ tyf st{Josf] af/]df k"0f{ hfgsf/L /x]sf] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{k5{ . cfjZostf cg';f/ o:tf JolQmx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ / st{Jox?sf] kfngf ug{ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .

&=^ ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ sfg"gL dfGotf k|bfg ug{ ;Dej gePdf /fHon] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf k|rlnt bfloTj / of] lgb]{lzsfx?sf] l;4fGt ljkl/t x'g] u/L JolQmx?nfO{ ha/h:tL lgisfzg ug]{ sfo{af6 /f]Sg'k5{ .

*= ;fj{hlgs hUuf, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+un

*=! hxfF e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undfly /fHosf] :jfldTj / lgoGq0f /xG5, /fHox?n] oL ;|f]tx?sf] k|of]u / lgoGq0fsf] Joj:yf Jofks ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo p2]Zox? Kf|i6 x'g]u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] cfˆgf sfo{x? /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rnt bfloTj cg's"n x'g] u/L / cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfnfO{ plrt ;Ddfg ul/Psf] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{k5{ .

*=@ hxfF /fHox?sf] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undfly :jfldTj / lgoGq0f x'G5 ta JolQm, ;d'bfox?sf] a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/dflysf] ;xL klxrfg, ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f x'g'kb{5{ . a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/x? If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tf ;fy} k|rlnt /fli6«o bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L x'g'k5{ . o;sf] nflu kf/bzL{ k|s[of / /fli6«o sfg'g cg'?k x'g] u/L a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf k|sf/x?nfO{ :ki6 u/L ;fj{hlgs ug'{k5{ .

*=# ;fd'lxs ?kdf pkof]u / Joj:yfkg x'Fb} cfPsf ;fj{hlgs :jfldTjsf -s]xL d'n'sx?sf] /fli6«o ;Gbe{df ;f´f ;DklQsf] ?kdf lrlgg]_ e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] xsdf /fHox?n] o:tf ;|f]tx? tyf ltgsf] ;fd'lxs pkof]u Pj+d\ Jojf:yfkgnfO{ klxrfg / ;+/If0f u/L tL ;|f]tx?sf] /fHoåf/f ljt/0f ul/g] k|s[ofnfO{ ;d]t lglZrt ug'{k5{ .

*=$ /fHox?n] cfˆgf] :jfldTj jf lgoGq0fdf /x]sf e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng ;DaGwL ljj/0fsf] cBfjlws l:ylt tof/ u/L ;a}sf] nflu kx'Frof]Uo x'g] ul/ clen]v Jojl:yt ug]{ k|of; ug'{k5{ . To:tf] ljj/0f cGtu{t To:tf ;|f]tx?sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox? Pj+d\ tL ;|f]tx?dflysf] k|yfut ef]urng k|0ffnL /x]sf cflbjf;L / cGo ;d'bfo tyf gLlh If]qsf] a}w ef]urngsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;d]t clen]va4 /fVg'k5{ . To:tf ;|f]tx?sf] ;DaGwdf ;fj{hlgs ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ / k|yfut ef]urngsf] k|0ffnL /x]sf cflbjf;L / cGo ;d'bfo tyf lghLIf]qsf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljj/0fnfO{ ;Dej eP;Dd /fHon] Pp6} clen]vdf /fVg jf ;f´f 9fFrf tof/ u/L To:tf] clen]vnfO{ Pscfk;df cfa4 ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg'k5{ .

*=% /fHox?n] cfˆgf] :jfldTj jf lgoGq0fdf /x]sf e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+un cGtu{tsf s'g–s'g ;|f]t cfˆgf] clwgdf /fVg], s'g–s'g ;|f]t ;fj{hlgs If]qn] k|of]u ug{], s'g–s'g ;|f]t JolQmsf] k|of]usf] nflu ljt/0f ug]{ / To:tf] ljt/0fsf] zt{ s] x'g] eGg] ;DaGwdf lgSof}{n ug'{k5{ .

#

efu # ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jox?sf] sfg'gL dfGotf tyf ljt/0f !(

*=^ /fHox?n] ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] cwLgdf /x]sf e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] k|of]u / lgoGq0f ;DaGwL gLltx?sf] lgdf{0f / ;fj{hlgsLs/0f ug'{k5{ . /fHosf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unaf6 k|fKt nfex?sf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0fnfO{ k|a4{g ug{sf] nflu cfjZos gLlt agfpg k|oTgzLn x'g'k5{ . o:tf gLltx?n] cGo JolQmsf] ef]urngsf] clwsf/ / To:tf] gLltaf6 k|efljt x'g ;Sg] JolQmx?nfO{ Wofg lbO{ pgLx?nfO{ k/fdz{ tyf ;xeflutf ;DaGwL k|:t't lgb]{lzsfsf l;4fGtx?sf] cg's"n x'g] u/L gLlt lgdf{0fsf] k/fdz{ k|s[ofdf ;dfj]z u/fpg'k5{ . ;fj{hlgs gLltx?sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf plNnlvt ;|f]tx? tyf ;|f]tx? ;DaGwL sf/f]af/sf] k|zf;g k|efjsf/L, kf/bzL{ Pj+d\ pQ/bfoL 9Ën] ;~rfng ug'{k5{ .

*=& /fHox?n] cGo JolQmx?nfO{ ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ / cfjZostf cg';f/ ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL k|zf;g ;~rfng ug{sf nflu lhDd]jf/Lx?sf] k|Tofof]hg ug]{ ljifox?nfO{ ;d]6L cfjZos gLltx?sf] lgdf{0f / ;fj{hlgsLs/0f ug'{k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ gLltx? j[xQ/ ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo p2]Zo cg'?k x'g'k5{ . k/Dk/fb]lv e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] pkof]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf :yfgLo ;d'bfox?n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] k'glj{t/0f x'Fbf plrt k|ltkmn k|fKt ug'{k5{ . To:tf gLltx?n] c?sf] ef]urngsf] clwsf/ / clwsf/jf6 k|efljt JolStmx?nfO{ ljrf/ k'¥ofpg k/fdz{, ;xeflutf / lg0f{o lgdf{0f k|s[ofdf ;dfj]z u/fpg' k5{ . tL gLltx?n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] ljt/0f ubf{ To;af6 dflg;x?nfO{ pNn]lvt ;|f]tx?;Ddsf] a}wflgs kx'Fraf6 jl~rt gul/g] / pgLx?sf] hLljsfdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{k5{ .

*=* ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ clwsf/ ljleGg :j?kdfM ;Lldt k|of]usf] nflu xf]; of k"0f{ :jfldTjsf] nflu xf]; /fHox?df lglxt /xG5 . ljleGg lsl;dsf ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ / clwsf/jfnfx?sf] klxrfg /fHosf] gLltn] k|bfg ug'{k5{ . To:tf] gLltn] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ ljleGg ljlwx? h:t} P]ltxfl;s k|of]usf] cfwf/ jf cGo s'g} ljlwsf cfwf/x? lglZrt ug'{k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf JolQmx?nfO{ cfˆgf] clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . /fHox?n] cfkm"n] k|bfg u/]sf e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undfly cfkm"n] s'g} lsl;dsf] lgoGq0f ug]{ jf gug]{ ;DaGwdf ls6fg ug'{k5{ .

*=( /fHox?n] ljz]if u/L k|yfut ef]urngsf] k|0ffnL /x]sf cflbjf;L, / cGo ;d'bfo Pj+d\ ;a}sf nflu :ki6, kx'Frof]Uo / a'‰g ;xh x'g] u/L ;fdfGo sfo{ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] ljt/0f / ef]urng ;DaGwL zf;gsf] k|Tofof]hg kf/bzL{ tyf ;xeflutfd"ns k|s[ofaf6 ug'{k5{ . ;a} ;+efJo ;xefuLx?nfO{ n}lËsd}qL ;Gb]zdfkm{t pk'oSt efiffdf ;"rgfx? pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . /fHox?n] xfn;fn} k|bfg ul/Psf ef]urngsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Dej eP;Dd ef]urngsf cGo clwsf/x? /x]sf] Pp6} clen]vdf /fVg] jf ;f´f 9fFrf tof/ u/L To:tf] clen]vnfO{ Pscfk;df cfa4 ug]{ s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug'{k5{ . /fHo tyf u}//fHokIfx?n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] ljt/0fdf x'g ;Sg] e|i6frf/ /f]Sg yk k|of; ug'{k5{ .

*=!) /fHox?n] cfˆgf] ;|f]t;fwgn] EofP;Dd e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+un;Fu ;DalGwt zf;g ;+rfngsf] clwsf/k|fKt lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?sf] dfgjLo, ef}lts, cfly{s tyf cGo lsl;dsf] Ifdtf /x]sf] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug'{k5{ . ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ sf] zf;g ;DaGwL lhDd]jf/Lx? k|Tofof]hg ul/Psf] cj:yfdf To:tf] lhDd]jf/L axg ug]{ lgsfo / JolQmx?nfO{ tf]lsPsf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ ;Ifd agfpg tflnd tyf cGo ;xof]u k|bfg ul/g'k5{ .

*=!! /fHox?n] ;|f]tx?sf] ljt/0f ;DaGwL sfo{qmdaf6 k/]sf] k|efjsf] cg'udg ug'{k5{ . o;qmddf vfB ;'/Iff tyf ul/aL lgjf/0fdf k/]sf] n}lËs k|efj Pj+d\ ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo p2]Zox?df k/]sf] k|efjnfO{ ;d]t cg'udg u/L cfjZos b]lvPdf ;'wf/sf pkfox? cjnDag ug'{k5{ .

#

@) efu # ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jox?sf] sfg'gL dfGotf tyf ljt/0f

(= k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnL /x]sf cflbjf;L, hghflt / cGo ;d'bfo

(=! k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnL ePsfcflbjf;L tyf cGo ;d'bfox?sf] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undfly ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, efjgfTds, cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo / /fhgLlts d"No /xG5 eGg] tYonfO{ /fHo tyf u}//fHo kIfx?n] :jLsf/ ug'{k5{ .

(=@ e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undfly :jzf;gsf] cEof; ub}{ cfPsf k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnL ePsf cflbjf;L, tyf cGo ;d'bfox?n] tL ;|f]tx?df dlxnfx?sf] Gofof]lrt kx'Frsf] Joj:yfnfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbb} Gofof]lrt, ;'/lIft / bLuf] clwsf/ k|bfg u/L To;sf] k|a4{g ug'{k5{ . :yfgLo tyf k/Dk/fut ;+3;+:yfx?sf] dfWodaf6 ;d'bfosf ;a} ;b:ox? k'?if, dlxnf tyf o'jfx?sf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnL / ;fd'lxs ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnL;Fu ;DalGwt lg0f{o k|s[ofdf k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf k|a4{g ug'{k5{ . cfjZostf cg';f/ cfˆgf ;b:ox?nfO{ lg0f{o k|s[of Pjd\ ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ k|0ffnLsf] k|zf;gdf k"0f{ ?kdf ;xefuL u/fpg ;d'bfox?nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{k5{ .

(=# /fHox?n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg u/L cfˆgf ;Dk"0f{ s[ofsnfkx? ;~rfng x'g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . cflbjf;L hgtfx?sf ;Gbe{df, /fHox?n] cfjZostf cg';f/ :jtGq d'n'sx?sf cflbjf;L ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] dxf;GwL -!^( g+=_, h}ljs ljljwtf ;DaGwL dxf;GwL / cflbjf;L ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo 3f]if0ffkq nufotsf ;+oGqx?n] l;h{gf u/]sf bfloTj / :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?sf] sfof{Gjog u/L cflbjf;Lx?sf] dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f, k|a4{g / sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ .

(=$ /fHox?n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg u/L k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnL ePsf cflbjf;L tyf cGo ;d'bfox?sf] a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ plrt dfGotf Pj+d\ ;+/If0f k|bfg ug'{k5{ . o; qmddf s'g} Ps ;d'bfon] dfq k|of]u ul//x]sf / ljleGg ;d'bfox?sf] ;f´f k|of]udf /x]sf e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unnfO{ Wofg lbO{ ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] lhDd]jf/k"0f{ zf;g ;DaGwL ;fdfGo l;4fGtx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf k|bfg ul/Psf] ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgf kx'Frof]Uo :yfgdf ;a}n] a'‰g ;Sg] / ;DalGwt efiffdf pko'Qm :j?kdf ;fj{hlgsLs/0f ug'{k5{ .

(=% /fHox?n] k|yfut ef]urngsf] k|0ffnL ePsf cflbjf;L, tyf cGo ;d'bfox? a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf k'Vof}{nL hUufdf /x]sf] pgLx?sf] a}w clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf / ;+/If0f k|bfg ug'{k5{ . cflbjf;L tyf k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnL ePsf cGo ;d'bfox?nfO{ pgLx?sf] k'Vof}{nL e"ldaf6 ha/h:tL lgisfzg ug'{x'Fb}g .

(=^ /fHox?n] \k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnL ePsf cflbjf;L / cGo ;d'bfox?sf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnLnfO{ dfGotf lbgsf] nflu gLltut, sfg'gL tyf ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfx? cg's"n x'g]u/L larf/ k'¥ofpg'k5{ . k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ k|0ffnLdf ul/g] ;+a}wflgs tyf sfg'gL ;'wf/n] dlxnfx?sf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] t/ pgLx?nfO{ k/Dk/f;Fusf] åGådf k'¥ofpg] cj:yf l;h{gf ePdf k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnLdf To:tf ;'wf/x? ;dfj]z ug{ / ;xh} u|x0f ug{;Sg] t'Nofpg ;a} kIfx?n] ;xof]u ug'{k5{ .

#

efu # ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jox?sf] sfg'gL dfGotf tyf ljt/0f @!

(=& /fHox?n] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfg'gx?sf] d:of}bf tof/ ubf{ k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ k|0ffnL ePsf cflbjf;L tyf cGo ;d'bfox?sf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ k|0ffnL cGtu{t /x]sf e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, efjgfTds, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo d"NonfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbg'k5{ . k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ k|0ffnL ePsf cflbjf;L, hghftL / cGo ;d'bfox?sf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ k|0ffnL ;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfg'g lgdf{0f ubf{ hf]lvddf k/]sf tyf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf ;b:ox? nufot k|efljt ;d'bfosf ;a} ;b:ox? tyf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ k"0f{ / k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;xefuL u/fpg'k5{ .

(=* /fHox?n] k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ k|0ffnL ePsf cflbjf;L, cGo ;d'bfox?sf] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undfly c?n] ug{ ;Sg] cgflws[t k|of]uaf6 ;+/If0f lbg'k5{ . ;d'bfon] lj/f]w gu/]sf] cj:yfdf ;d'bfosf] k|of]u / lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] k|s[lt / cjl:ylt ;DaGwdf /fHon] cf}krfl/s ?kn] clen]v /fVg / ;"rgfx?sf] k|rf/k|;f/ ug{ ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ k|0ffnL ePsf cflbjf;L tyf cGo ;d'bfox?sf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] cf}krfl/s clen]v tof/ ubf{ k|lt:kwL{ bfaLx? x'g glbg ltgnfO{ cGo ;fj{hlgs, lghL tyf ;fd'bflos] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/x?;Fu} clen]vg ug'{k5{ .

(=( /fHo / cGo kIfx?n] ;d'bfosf] clwsf/df /x]sf] >f]tx?df c;/ kg]{ u/L s'g} klg kl/of]hgf z'? ug'{ k/]df jf ljwflosL jf/ k|zf;lgs pkfox? cjnDag Pjd\ sfof{Gjog ug'{ k/]df ;f] cl3 c;n lgotsf ;fy cflbjf;Lx?;+u+k/fdz{ ug'{k5{ . o:tf cfof]hgfx? cflbjf;L;+usf] ltgLx?s} k|ltlglwd'ns ;+3;+:yf dfkm{t k/fdz{ k|s[ofdf ;xefuL u/fO{ :jtGq / k"j{hfgsfl/sf] ;xdlt ;lxt ul/Psf] k|efjsf/L / cy{k"0f{ k/fdz{df Pjd\ cflbjf;L, clwsf/ ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo 3f]if0ffkq cg's"n / ;DalGwt d'n'ssf vf; c8fg / a'́ fO{nfO{ pRr ;Ddfg ;lxtsf] k|lqmofdf cfwfl/t x'g' k5{ . ub{} . k/fdz{ / lg0f{o k|s[of eo/lxt Pj+d\ ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0fdf ;+rflnt x'g'kb{5 . cg'R5]b #-v_^ df pNn]v ul/Psf k/fdz{ tyf ;xeflutf ;DaGwL l;4fGtx? of] bkmfdf pNn]v ul/Psf cGo ;d'bfox?sf] ;Gbe{df klg nfu" ug'{kg]{5 .

(=!) /fHo tyf u}/ /fHokIfx?n] cfjZostf cg';f/ k|efljt ;d'bfox?sf] k|ltlglwd'ns ;+3;+:yfx?;Fu ldn]/ / k|efljt ;d'bfox?;Fusf] ;xof]udf To:tf] k|efljt ;d'bfox?nfO{ clje]bsf/L / n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn tl/sfaf6 gLlt, sfg'g tyf kl/of]hgfx? lgdf{0fdf ;xefuL u/fpgsf nflu k|fljlws tyf sfg'gL ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg k|oTgzLn x'g'k5{ .

(=!! /fHox?n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?sf] plrt ;Ddfg x'g] u/L k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ k|0ffnL ePsf cflbjf;L / cGo ;d'bfox?n] cfˆgf] ;d'bfo leq pTkGg x'g] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL åGåx? ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu ckgfPsf k/dk/fut sfo{ljlwx?nfO{ ;Ddfg / k|a4{g ug'{kb{5 . PseGbf al9 ;d'bfox?n] k|of]u ul//x]sf] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+un;Fu ;DalGwt ljjfbx?sf] ;dfwfg ug]{ ljlwx?nfO{ ;'b[9 / ljsl;t ug'{k5{ .

(=!@ /fHo tyf u}//fHokIfx?n] k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ k|0ffnL ePsf cflbjf;L / cGo ;d'bfox?sf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ k|0ffnL ;DaGwdf x'g ;Sg] e|i6frf/nfO{ k/fdz{ / ;xeflutf tyf ;d'bfox?sf] ;zQmLs/0fåf/f /f]syfd ug]{ k|oTg ug'{k5{ .

#

@@ efu # ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jox?sf] sfg'gL dfGotf tyf ljt/0f

!)= cgf}krfl/s ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/

!)=! e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] cgf}krfl/s ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|rng /x]sf] cj:yfdf /fHox?n] To:tf] k|rngnfO{ o; lx;fan] :jLsf/ ug'{ kb{5 sL o;n] /fli6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf df}h'bf cf}krfl/s clwsf/x?nfO{ ;Ddfg u5{ / jf:tljs cj:yfsf] oyfy{tfnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{ ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo lxtnfO{ k|a4{g ub{5 . /fHox?n] cgf}krfl/s ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf lbgsf nflu gLlt tyf sfg'gsf] k|a4{g ug'{k5{ . o:tf gLlt tyf sfg'g lgdf{0f ug]{ k|s[of ;xeflutfd"ns / n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn x'g'kb{5 / o:tf gLltdf k|efljt ;d'bfo tyf JolQmx?nfO{ k|fljlws Pj+d\ sfg'gL ;xfotf k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf /fVg k|oTgzLn x'g'k5{ . /fHox?n], ljz]ifu/L, 7"nf] ;+Vofdf x'g] a;fO;/fO{n] ubf{ cgf}krfl/s ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|rng al9/x]sf] tYonfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{kb{5 .

!)=@ /fHox?n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg u/L cgf}krfl/s ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? ;~rfng x'g] / cfjZostf cg';f/ kof{Kt cfjf;sf] clwsf/nfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug'{kb{5 .

!)=# ha ha /fHox?n] cgf}krfl/s ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|rngnfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf lbG5, of] sfo{ ;xeflutfd"ns / n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn k|s[ofx?sf] dfWodaf6 ul/g' k5{ / o; qmddf df]xLx?nfO{ ljz]if ;Ddfg k|bfg ul/g'kb{5 . o;f] ubf{ /fHox?n] ls;fg tyf ;fgf kl/df0fsf vfBfGg pTkfbgstf{x?nfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'k5{ . oL k|s[ofx?n] a}w ;]jfx?df kx'Fr sfod ug{ tyf nfut s6f}tL ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug{'k5{ . /fHox?n] ;d'bfo / ;xefuLx?nfO{ k|fljlws Pj+d\ sfg'gL ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg k|oTgzLn x'g'k5{ .

!)=$ /fHox?n] e"ldsf] pkof]u kl/jt{g / e"ldsf] ljsf;sf] nflu cToGt hl6n sfg"gL / k|zf;lgs zt{x?sf] sf/0faf6 l;h{gf ePsf] cgf}krfl/s ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnLnfO{ ;Lldt ug{ ;a} pko'Qm pkfox? cjnDag ug'{k5{ . o:tf] cj:yfdf cfˆgf ;a} sfo{x? /fHosf] zt{ / ljlw cg'?k ePsf] egL k|df0f k'¥ofpg] ef/ 36fpgsf] nflu ljsf;sf zt{ / k|s[ofx? :ki6, ;/n / kfngf ug{ ;lsg] lsl;dsf] x'g'k5{ .

!)=% /fHox?n] vf;u/L kf/bzL{tfsf] clej[l4 u/L, lg0f{ostf{nfO{ lg0f{ok|lt pQ/bfoL agfO{ / zL3| ?kdf lgikIf lg0f{o x'g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf u/L e|i6frf/ /f]Sg] k|of; ug'{k5{ .

!)=^ cgf}krfl/s ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|rngnfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf lbg ;Dej gePsf] cj:yfdf /fHox?n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? / kl/R5]b !^ sf ;+a4 Joj:yfx?sf] pNn+3g x'g] u/L ha/h:tL lgisfzg ug]{ sfo{ /f]Sg'k5{ .

efu $ ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Josf] x:tfGt/0f tyf cGo kl/jt{g @#

$efu

ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ Pjd\ st{Jox?sf] x:tfGt/0f tyf cGo kl/jt{gx?

o; efun] df}h'bf clwsf/ tyf ;Da4 st{Jox?sf] ahf/, nufgL dfkm{t ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] sf/f]jf/, rSnfaGbL / cGo k'g;{dfof]hgsf ljlwx?, k'gk|f{lKt, k'glj{t/0f ;lxtsf] e"ld;'wf/ jf clwu|x0fsf] ljlwaf6 :j}lR5s jf c:j}lR5s tj/n] x:tfGt/0f jf k'glj{t/0f ePsf] cj:yfdf e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] zf;g ;~rfngsf] ljlwnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5 .

!!= ahf/

!!=! e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] k|of]u tyf :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] x:tfGt/0fsf] qmddf x'g] :jR5 / kf/bzL{ ljqmL tyf ef8f -lnh_ k|s[ofnfO{ /fHox?n] pko'Qmtf cg';f/ dfGotf lbO{ ;xhLs/0f ug'{k5{ . ahf/ ;~rflnt ePsf] cj:yfdf ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] xsdf /fHox?n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg ug]{ u/L cfˆgf ;a} s[ofsnfkx? ;~rflnt ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt sf/f]af/, e"ldsf] pkof]u ;DaGwL /fli6«o lgodg cg'?k x'g'k5{ / o;n] ljsf;sf] k|d'v nIonfO{ k|lts"n c;/ k'¥ofpg' x'Fb}g .

!!=@ /fHox?n] åGå / cl:y/tf Go"gLs/0f ug{sf] nflu ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] kf/:kl/s nfe x:tfGt/0fsf] lgldQ ;dfg zt{ / cj;/ cGtu{t ahf/sf] k|efjsf/L / kf/bzL{ ;~rfngnfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug'{k5{ . o;}u/L e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] lbuf] pkof]u Pj+d\ jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0fnfO{ k|a4{g ug{ ;DalGwt ;GwL cg';f/ x'g] u/L e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+un;Fu ;DalGwt cfg'jf+lzs ;|f]tx?sf] :jR5 / Gofof]lrt k|of]unfO{ k|a4{g ug{, cfly{s cj;/x?sf] lj:tf/ ug{ / ul/ax?sf] ;xeflutf j[l4 ug{ /fHon] ;xhLs/0f ug'{kb{5 . d'gfkmf x'g] cg'dfg u/L ul/g] hUufsf] sf/f]af/, hUufsf] s]Gb|Ls/0f / ef]urngsf] k/Dk/fut :j?ksf] b'?kof]u cflbaf6 :yfgLo ;d'bfox?, cflbjf;L, tyf hf]lvddf k/]sf ;d'xx?dfly kg{ ;Sg] cgk]lIft c;/x? /f]Sg /fHon] pkfox? cjnDag ug'{k5{ . lgodg gul/Psf] ahf/n] ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts / jftfj/0fLo d"Nox?nfO{ ;b}j 6]jf k'¥ofpFb}g eGg] tYonfO{ /fHo tyf u}//fHokIfx?n] :jLsf/ ug'{k5{ . To;}n] ef]urng ;DaGwL pko'Qm gLlt / sfg'gåf/f /fHon] ;dfhsf] a[xQ/ lxtnfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ .

!!=# /fHox?n] kf/bzL{ / k|efjsf/L ?kn] ahf/ ;~rflnt x'g] ;'lglZrt ug{, lje]b/lxt kx'Fr pknAw u/fpg / ahf/ k|lt:kwf{nfO{ cj?4 ug]{ cEof;x? /f]Sg gLlt tyf sfg'gx? agfO{ lgodg ug]{

$

@$ efu $ ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Josf] x:tfGt/0f tyf cGo kl/jt{g

k|0ffnL / lgsfox? :yfkgf ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] ul/a tyf clt hf]lvddf k/]sf JolQmx?sf] ahf/df x'g] ;xeflutfnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ tTjx?nfO{ x6fpg k|zf;lgs sfo{ljlwx?nfO{ ;/nLs/0f ug'{k5{ .

!!=$ /fHo tyf cGo kIfx?n] uf]klgotfsf] xssf] cwLgdf /xL ahf/ sf/f]af/ tyf ahf/d"No kf/bzL{ /x]sf] / o;;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgfx? Jofks ?kn] k|rf/k|;f/ ul/Psf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . o; qmddf ;"rgfx?sf] cg'udg u/L ahf/n] k|lts"n c;/ kf/]sf] jf Jofks Pj+d\ Gofof]lrt ;xeflutfnfO{ lg?T;flxt u/]sf] kfOPdf cfjZos sf/jfxL ug'{k5{ .

!!=% /fHox?n] ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jo ;DaGwL ;"rgfx?nfO{ kx'Frof]Uo agfpg, ef]urngsf] ;'/Iffdf j[l4 ug{ / sf/f]af/sf] nfut tyf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ hUuf btf{ ug]{ Joj:yf nufot pko'Qm / e/kbf]{ clen]v k|0ffnL :yfkgf ug'{k5{ .

!!=^ /fHox?n] klt jf kTgL, kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?jf cGo JolQmx? h;nfO{ clen]vg k|0ffnL h:t} df]7 >]:tfdf a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/jfnfsf] ?kdf hgfOPsf] 5}g ltgsf]] a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ug'{k5{ .

!!=& /fHo tyf u}//fHokIfx?n] ;+a4 cfr/0f ;DaGwL dfkb08x?sf] kfngf ug'{k5{ . ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|jfxsf] dfWodåf/f e|i6frf/ /f]Sgsf] nflu ahf/sf] ;~rfngdf tL dfkb08x?sf] k|rf/k|;f/ tyf sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ;d]t ug'{k5{ .

!!=* /fli6«o vfB ;'/Iff tyf ;fdflhs l:y/tfsf] nflu ;fgf pTkfbstf{x?sf] dxTj /xg] ;Gbe{df ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ x:tfGt/0f ;DaGwL sf/f]af/ ug]{ ahf/sf] ;~rfngnfO{ ;xhLs/0f ubf{ /fHox?n] ;fgf pTkfbgstf{x?sf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;+/If0f k|bfg ug'{k5{ .

!@= nufgL

!@=! /fHo tyf u}//fHokIfx?n] vfB ;'/Iffsf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{ lhDd]jf/k"0f{ ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL nuflg cTofjZos /x]sf] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{k5{ . e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL lhDd]jf/k"0f{ zf;g Joj:yfn] bLuf] s[lif pTkfbg / cfodf pRr j[l4 x'g] u/L oL ;|f]tx?df lhDd]jf/ 9+un] nufgL ug{ oL >f]tx?sf clwsf/jfnfx?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ub{5 . /fHox?n] v]tLkftL k|0ffnLsf] ljljwtf cGtu{t a[xQ/ ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo p2]Zox?nfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undf x'g] lhDd]jf/k"0f{ nufgLnfO{ k|a4{g / ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf bfloTj cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg u/L cfˆgf ;Dk"0f{ s[ofsnfkx? ;~rflnt /x]sf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ .

!@=@ ljsf;zLn b]zsf ;fgf pTkfbgstf{ / ltgsf ;+u7gx?n] vfB ;'/Iff, kf]if0f, ul/aL lgjf/0f / jftfj/0fLo bLuf]kgdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg s[lif nufgLdf dxTjk"0f{ lx:;f pknAw u/fpF5g\ eGg] tYonfO{ ljrf/ u/L /fHox?n] ;fgf ls;fgx?sf] nufgLsf ;fy} ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL ;fgf pTkfbgstf{d}qL nufgLnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{k5{ .

!@=# e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undf ul/Psf] nufgLsf] kl/0ffd:j?k l;h{gf x'g] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL sf/f]af/sf ;a} :j?kx? kf/bzL{ ?kdf ;~rflnt x'g'sf] ;fy} ;DalGwt /fi6«sf] If]qut gLltx?, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s j[l4sf p2]Zox? Pj+d\ ;fgf ls;fgx?nfO{ hf]8 lbOPsf] bLuf] dfgjLo ljsf; cg'?k x'g'k5{ .

$

efu $ ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Josf] x:tfGt/0f tyf cGo kl/jt{g @%

!@=$ lhDd]jf/k"0f{ nufgLn] s;}nfO{ s'g} xfgL gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg' x'Fb}g, o;n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] a}w clwsf/stf{x?nfO{ ef]urng / :jfldTjaf6 a]bvnL ug]{ sfo{ / jftfj/0fLo Ifo lj?4 ;'/If0f k|bfg u/L dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ . ;/sf/sf ;+a4 txx? / e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ePsf :yfgLo JolQmx?;Fusf] ;xeflutfdf o:tf] nufgL ug'{k5{ . o;af6 ul/aL lgjf/0f, vfB ;'/Iff, e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] bLuf] pkof]u, :yfgLo ;d'bfox?nfO{ ;xof]u k|bfg, u|fld0f ljsf;df of]ubfg, :yfgLo vfBfGg pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] k|a4{g Pj+d\ ;'/Iff, bLuf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] clej[l4, /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf, hLljsfsf] ljljwLs/0f Pj+d\ d'n's tyf o;sf u/La tyf clt hf]lvddf k/]sf ju{ nufot ;a} hgtfsf] sNof0f ug]{ h:tf gLltut p2]Zox?df yk of]ubfg k'Ug] cj:yf x'g'k5{ . o:tf] nufgL /fli6«o sfg'g tyf >d ;DaGwL k|d'v cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 Pj+d\ ;+a4 cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] dfkb08;Fu ;DalGwt pQ/bfloTjx? cg'?k x'g'k5{ .

!@=% /fHox?n] pko'Qm k/fdz{ / ;xeflutfdf ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cg'dltof]Uo sf/f]af/x?sf] kl/df0f, If]q / k|s[ltsf] ;DaGwdf kf/bzL{ lgodx? agfpg' k5{ / /fli6«o ;Gbe{df ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] sf/f]af/ ;Fu ;DalGwt 7"nf] kl/df0fsf] sf/f]af/ s;nfO{ eGg] s'/fsf] kl/efiff ug'{kb{5 .

!@=^ /fHox?n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt 7"nf] kl/df0fsf] sf/f]af/af6 pTkGg x'g] hf]lvdx?af6 ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] a}w clwsf/, dfgj clwsf/, hLljsf, vfB ;'/Iff / jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ . o:tf] ;+/If0f cGtu{t cg'dltof]Uo e"ld sf/f]af/sf] xbaGbL jf ;Ldfsf] Joj:yf / lglZrt kl/df0f eGbf a9Lsf] sf/f]af/nfO{ lgodg ug]{ / :jLs[t ug]{ k|s[of h:t} ;+;bLo :jLs[lt h:tf ljifox? kb{5g\ . /fHox?n] nufgLstf{xnfO{ 7"nf] kl/df0fsf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] x:tfGt/0f gx'g] u/L ljleGg lsl;dsf pTkfbg / nufgLsf ljlwx?nfO{ k|a4{g ug{ ljrf/ ug'{k5{ / o; qmddf ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ /x]sf :yfgLo JolQmx?;Fu ;f ]́bf/L ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{k5{ .

!@=& cflbjf;L, tyf ltgsf ;d'bfox?sf] ;DaGwdf /fHox?n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGqx? pbfx/0fsf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ :jtGq d'n'ssf cflbjf;L tyf hghflt ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] cle;GwL -g+= !^(_ tyf cflbjf;L] clwsf/ ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo 3f]if0ffsf] plrt ;Ddfg u/L cfˆgf ;a} s[ofsnfkx? ;~rflnt ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . cflbjf;L ;d'bfox?sf] clwsf/ /x]sf] ;|f]tx?nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ s'g} klg kl/of]hgfdf nufgL ug'{ k"j{ /fHo tyf cGo kIfx?n] cflbjf;L;Fu c;n lgotn] k/fdz{ ug'{k5{ . o:tf kl/of]hgfx? cg'R5]b (=( df pNn]v ul/Padf]lhd cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf ;b:ox?;Fusf] k|efjsf/L Pj+d\ cy{k"0f{ k/fdz{df cfwfl/t x'g'k5{ . oL lgb]{lzsfx?sf] k/fdz{ tyf ;xeflutf ;DaGwL l;4fGtx? cGo ;d'bfox?sf] ;|f]t;fwgsf] k|of]u u/L ;~rfng ul/g] nufgLx?sf] ;Gbe{df ;d]t nfu" x'G5 .

!@=* /fHox?n] k|efljt ;a} kIfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf of] lgb]{lzsfsf] k/fdz{ tyf ;xeflutf ;DaGwL l;4fGtx? cg's"n x'g] u/L lhDd]jf/k"0f{ nufgLnfO{ k|a4{g ug]{ zt{x? lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . lhDd]jf/k"0f{ nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / vfB ;'/Iff Pj+d\ jftfj/0fsf] bLuf] pkof]unfO{ k|a4{g ug]{ ;DaGwdf gLlt tyf sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f u/L k|rf/k|;f/ ug'{k5{ . nufgLsf] nflu ;+a4 kIfx?sf] kf/:kl/s clwsf/ / st{Jox?sf] :ki6 kl/eflift ug]{ ;D´f}tfsf] clgjfo{tfnfO{ sfg'gn] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . nufgLsf] nflu ;D´f}tf ubf{ /fli6«o sfg'gL ;+/rgf / nufgL ;+lxtf;Fu d]n vfg] x'g'k5{ .

!@=( /fHox?n] oL lgb]{lzsfx?df ePsf ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwL ;a} :j?kx? k/fdz{ tyf ;xeflutf ;DaGwL l;4fGtx?;u+ d]n vfg] u/L ;f ]́bf/L ;D´f}tf cjnDjg u/L nufgLsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ / o;qmddf ;xfos clwsf/ nufotsf ef]urngsf] clwsf/ k|fKt u/]sf JolQmx?sf] clwsf/nfO{ k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] s'/fnfO{ ;d]t ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'k5{ . /fHo tyf cGo ;+a4 kIfx?n] JolQm, kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfonfO{ ltgsf] ef]urngsf] clwsf/af/] ;"lrt ug'{k5{ .

$

@^ efu $ ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Josf] x:tfGt/0f tyf cGo kl/jt{g

k/fdz{ tyf ;xeflutfsf nflu Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ ;xof]u ug'{sf] ;fy} cfjZostf cg';f/ Joj;flos ;xfotf ;d]t pknAw u/fpg'k5{ .

!@=!) /fHox?n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] xsdf ha 7"nf] kl/df0fsf] sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt nufgLdf x'G5, To:tf] nufgLsf sf/0fn] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/, vfB ;'/Iff Pj+d\ pko'Qm vfBdf clwsf/sf] a9f]Q/Lsf] cg'e"lt, dflg;x?sf] hLljsf tyf jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] ;+efJo ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds k|efjsf] af/]df nufgLsf kIfx?n] nufgLk"j{ g} :jtGq cWoog ug'{kg]{ u/L cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ k|oTgzLn /xg'k5{ . o; qmddf k|rlnt a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ tyf bfaLx?, k|yfut tyf cgf}krfl/s ef]urng, ;fgf :t/sf pTkfbs nufot To:tf] nufgLaf6 k|efljt x'g] cGo JolQmx?sf] clwsf/ / hLljsfsf] ljifonfO{ k|0ffnLut Pj+d\ lgikIf ?kdf klxrfg ul/Psf] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . o;/L klxrfg ug]{ k|s[of oL lgb]{lzsfx?sf] k/fdz{ tyf ;xeflutf ;DaGwL l;4fGtx? cg's"n x'g] u/L k|efljt ;a} kIfx?;Fusf] k/fdz{åf/f ;~rflnt ePsf] x'g'k5{ . To:tf] nufgLsf sf/0f k|rlnt ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] lj?4df s'g} ;D´f}tf gx'g] s'/fsf] /fHon] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ .

!@=!! ;a} ;DalGwt kIfx? jftf{df ;+nUg / k"0f{ ?kn] ;"lrt ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ ;D´f}tf kIfn] k"0f{ hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg' k5{ . o;sf ;fy} ;D´f}tfsf] clen]vLs/0f ul/Psf] / k|efljt JolQmx?n] To:tf] ;D´f}tfsf] af/]df 1fg /fv]sf] s'/fnfO{ ;D´f}tf kIfx?n] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . o; qmddf x'g] jftf{sf] k|s[of clje]bsf/L / n}lËs ?kn] ;+j]bgzLn x'g'k5{ .

!@=!@ oL lgb]{lzsfx?df pNn]lvt u}//fHokIfsf nflu ;dfj]zL l;4fGt cg's"n x'g] u/L /fli6«o sfg'g tyf cGo JolQmx?sf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ tyf sfg'gsf] zf;gnfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ bfloTj nufgLstf{x?sf] /xg] 5 . nufgLsf sf/0f vfB c;'/Iff tyf jftfj/0fLo ljgfzsf] cj:yf pTkGg x'g'x'Fb}g .

!@=!# /fHo, nufgLstf{x? Pj+d\ e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ kfPsf JolQmx?nfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ k]zfsdL{x?n] cfkm"nfO{ h] h:tf] ljz]if cg'/f]w ul/Psf] eP tfklg To:tf] ;]jf k|bfg ubf{ cfˆgf] of]Uotfn] EofP;Dd pTs[i6?kn] ;fjwfgLk"j{s ug'{k5{ .

!@=!$ /fHo tyf k|efljt kIfx?n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] ljifodf ePsf] 7"nf] kl/df0fsf] sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt k|flKt tyf ;f ]́bf/L nufotsf ;D´f}tfx?sf] sfof{Gjog tyf k|efjsf] af/]df k|efjsf/L ?kn] cg'udg ug{ of]ubfg ug'{k5{ . cfjZostf cg';f/ ef]urng tyf cGo clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug{ / kLl8t kIfx?n] pNn]lvt sfo{x?sf] nflu cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;D´f}tfx?sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;+oGqsf] Joj:yf ug{sf] nflu /fHox?n] 7f]; sfo{ ug'{k5{ .

!@=!% /fHox?n] ljb]zL d'n'sdf nufgLsf] nflu k|a4{gfTds sfo{ ubf{ a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f, vfB ;'/Iffsf] k|a4{g Pjd\ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L tyf cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg x'g] u/L To:tf sfo{x? ul/Psf] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug'{k5{ .

!#= hUuf PsLs/0f tyf k'g;{dfof]hg ;DaGwL cGo ljlwx?

!#=! /fHox?n] xsjfnf jf pkof]ustf{x?n] cfkm\gf] lsQf jf ef]urngdf /x]sf] hUufsf] :j?k jf pkof]udf ;'wf/ ug{ tyf vfB ;'/Iff tyf bLuf] ?kdf u|fld0f ljsf;sf] k|a4{g ug{ hUufsf] rSnfaGbL, ;§fk§f jf lsQf jf ef]urngdf /x]sf] hUufsf] k'g;{dfof]hgsf cGo :j}lR5s ljlwx?sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug'{ kb{5 . /fHox?n] o;f] ubf{ cfˆgf] ;a} sfo{x? /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o

$

efu $ ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Josf] x:tfGt/0f tyf cGo kl/jt{g @&

sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plr't ;Ddfg u/L cfkm"n] u/]sf] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug'{k5{ . o;sf ;fy} To:tf] of]hgf nfu" ePkl5 klxn]sf] t'ngfdf To:tf] of]hgfsf ;xefuL JolQmx? cfly{s ?kn] yk ;DkGg ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . To:tf ljlwx?sf] k|of]u Psn a}wflgs k'g;{dfof]hgdf ax'xsjfnfx? / pkof]ustf{x?sf] k|fyldstfnfO{ ;dGjo ug{ ug'{k5{ .

!#=@ /fHox?n] rSnfaGbLsf] sfo{qmdaf6 nfefGjLt x'g] JolQmx?nfO{ hUuf ljt/0f gu/];Dd pko'Qmtf cg';f/ hUuf k|fKt ug{ / c:yfoL ?kdf ef]urng ug{sf] nflu ;xh t'Nofpg rSnfaGbLsf] sfo{qmdcGt{ut e"ld a}+ssf] :yfkgf ug{ tkm{ ljrf/ ug{ ;S5g .

!#=# /fHox?n] pko'Qmtf cg';f/ jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f / k"jfwf{/ ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfx?sf] nflu lghL hUuf k|fKt ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug{ rSnfaGbL / e"ld a}+snfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ / k|efljt xsjfnf, ls;fg tyf ;fgf kl/df0fsf vfBfGg pTkfbgstf{nfO{ e"lddf ul/g] pTkfbg sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg / c´ a9L pTkfbg ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg Ifltk"lt{sf] ?kdf e"ld pknAw u/fpg tkm{ ljrf/ ug{ ;S5g .

!#=$ ;fgf ls;fgx?sf] kfl/jfl/s v]taf/L tyf jgh+undf ePsf] v08Ls/0fn] pTkfbg nfut a9\g] x'Fbf To:tf v]taf/L tyf jgh+unsf] ;+/rgfdf ;'wf/ ug{ /fHox?n] rSnfaGbL tyf e"ld a}+ssf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/ v08Ls/0fsf sf/0f hf]lvdsf] Go"gtf / afnLsf] ljljwLs/0fdf kmfObf k'u]sf] 5 eg] rSnfaGbLsf] sfof{GjognfO{ /fHon] /f]Sg'k5{ . rSnfaGbL ;DaGwL cfof]hgfx?nfO{ l;+rfO{+ k|0ffnL / :yfgLo ;8ssf] k'g:yf{kgf h:tf ls;fgx?sf] nflu sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf ;xof]uL sfo{qmdx? ;+u cfa4 ul/g' k5{ . rSnfaGbL sfo{qmddf ePsf] nufgLnfO{ ;'/lIft ug{ rSnfaGbL ul/Psf lsQfx?sf] eljiodf lsQfsf6 gx'g] pkfox? ljsf; ul/g'k5{ .

!#=% /fHox?n] :yfgLo cfjZostf cg's"n x'g] u/L hUuf k'g;{dfof]hgsf] ljlwsf nflu ljlzi6 /0fgLltx?sf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . To:tf /0fgLltx? ;fdflhs, cfly{s / jftfj/0fLo ?kdf lbuf] / n}lËs ?kn] ;+j]bgzLn x'g'k5{ . /0fgLltx?n] k'g;{dfof]hg ljlwsf l;4fGt / p2]Zo Pj+d\ nfex?sf] klxrfg ug'{k5{ / ;fj{hlgs, lghLIf]q, ;fgf ls;fg tyf ;fgf kl/df0fsf pTkfbgstf{sf] ;+u7g, df´L, jgh+unsf] k|of]ustf{ tyf k|fl1s ;+u7gx?sf] Ifdtf / 1fgdf clej[l4 ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . lsQfx? jf ef]urngdf /x]sf hUufsf] k'gJo{j:yfkg jf ltgsf] pkof]u jf k|of]usf] nflu sfg'gn] :ki6 / ;'ne k|s[ofx? :yfkgf ug'{k5{ .

!#=^ /fHox?n] k'g;{dfof]hg ljlw ckgfO{ kl/of]hgfdf pko'Qm ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . cfof]hgfn] k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] JolQm, ;d'bfo / hgtf;Fu ;Dks{ u/L pko'Stm efiffdf pgLx?nfO{ kof{Kt ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . k|fljlws / sfg'gL ;xfotf ;d]t k|bfg ul/g'k5{ . cflbjf;Lsf] clwsf/nfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} ;xeflutfd"ns / n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn cjwf/0ffx?sf] k|of]u ug'{k5{ . h}ljs ljljwtfsf] IfoLs/0f tyf xfgLnfO{ /f]Sg jf Go"gLs/0f ug{ jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iff k|0ffnL :yfkgf u/L plrt e"ld Joj:yfkg, c;n cEof; tyf k'gcf{jfb k|a4{g ug]{ h:tf kl/jt{gx?nfO{ k'/:s[t ug'{k5{ .

!$= k'gk|f{lKt -lkmtf{_

!$=! e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/df xfgL gf]S;fgL k'u]df /fli6«o kl/j]znfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fvL /fHox?n] pko'Qmtf cg';f/ k'gk|f{lKt u/fpg] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] ;Dk"0f{ s[ofsnfkx? /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg u/L ;~rfng ul/g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{k5{ .

$

@* efu $ ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Josf] x:tfGt/0f tyf cGo kl/jt{g

!$=@ ;Dej eP;Dd ;DalGwt /fli6«o lgsfosf] ;xdltdf kLl8t jf ltgsf] xsbf/ JolQmx?nfO{ ;fljssf] lsQf jf ef]urng ul/Psf hUuf lkmtf{ ug'{k5{ . ;fljssf] lsQf jf ef]urng ul/Psf] hUuf lkmtf{ ug{ g;lsg] cj:yfdf /fHox?n] k|efljt ;a} JolQmx?nfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/sf] ;'lglZrttf ub}{ hlt;Sbf] l56f] plrt Ifltk"lt{sf] ?kdf /sd jf a}slNks e"ld jf b'a} pknAw u/fpg'k5{ .

!$=# cflbjf;Lx?sf] k'gk|f{lKt ;DaGwL ;/f]sf/x?nfO{ pko'Qmtf cg'?k /fli6«o kl/j]z tyf sfg'g cg's"n x'g] u/L ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ .

!$=$ /fHox?n] k'gk|f{lKtsf] :ki6 / kf/bzL{ k|s[ofx?sf] nflu n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn gLlt tyf sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ . k'gk|f{lKt ;DaGwL sfo{ljlwsf] ;"rgf pko'Stm efiffdf Jofks ?kn] k|rf/k|;f/ ug'{k5{ . bfaL ug]{ kIfnfO{ k|s[ofsf] cjlwe/ ;xfotf :j?k sfg'gL ;xfotf jf sfg'gsf] ;fdfGo 1fg ePsf JolQmx?af6 k'¥ofOg] cfwf/e"t sfg"gL ;]jf -kf/flnun_ nufotsf kof{Kt ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . /fHon] k'gk|f{lKt ;DaGwL bfaLx?nfO{ tTsfn sf/jfxLsf] nflu k|s[of cl3 a9fOPsf] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . /fHon] cfjZostf cg';f/ bfaL ug{ ;kmn kIfnfO{ ltgsf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ / cfˆgf bfloTjx? k"/f ug{ ;xh agfpg ;xof]uL ;]jfx? pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . sfof{Gjogsf] k|ultnfO{ Jofks ?kn] k|rf/k|;f/ ug'{k5{ .

!%= k'glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/

!%=! k'glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/n] e"ldsf] Gofof]lrt kx'Fr tyf ;dfj]zL u|fld0f ljsf;df a[xt ?kn] ;xhLs/0f ug{ ;S5 . o; ;DaGwdf /fHox?n] /fli6«o kl/j]zdf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs ljt/0f tyf :j]lR5s Pj+d\ ahf/df cfwfl/t ;+oGqx? Pj+d\ ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nflu lghL e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] clwu|x0f ug]{ s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ ug{ ;S5 .

!%=@ /fHon] k'glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/sf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{df e"ldsf] xbaGbLnfO{ gLltut ljsNksf] ?kdf ljrf/ ug{ ;S5 .

!%=# e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undfly kx'Frsf] cefjsf] sf/0f l;lh{t Jofks?kdf ePsf] :jfldTjsf] s]Gb|Ls/0f pRr txsf] u|fld0f ul/aL;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . pStm cj:yfdf bkmf !% sf] Joj:yf / a}w ef]urng ul//x]sf JolQmx?sf] clwsf/ cg's"n xg] u/L /fli6«o ;Gbe{ tyf /fli6«o sfg'g cg';f/ ;fdflhs, cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo Pj+d\ cGo sf/0fx?sf] ;Gbe{df k"glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/n] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undf k'?if tyf dlxnfsf] ;dfg kx'Frsf] k|Tofe"t ug'{k5{ .

!%=$ /fHox?n] k'glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ rfx]df To:tf ;'wf/x? /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg u/L ;~rfng ul/g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . To:tf ;'wf/x? sfg'gsf] zf;g cg's"n x'g'k5{ . /fli6«o sfg'g tyf sfo{ljlw cg'?k To:tf ;'wf/x?sf] sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ . /fHon] ;a} kIfx?sf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;Gt'ngdf /fvL k'glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/sf] nflu k|of]u ug'{kg]{ k4ltsf] ljifodf of] lgb]{lzsfsf] l;4fGt cg's"n x'g] u/L k/fdz{ ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug'{k5{ . /fHo, ;d'bfo, gful/s ;dfh, gLlh If]q, ls;fg tyf ;fgf kl/df0fsf vfBfGg pTkfbgstf{ df´L tyf jgh+unsf] k|of]ustf{x?sf aLrdf ;f ]́bf/L lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ . pkef]Qmfx?af6 ck]Iff ul/Psf cfly{s Pj+d\ cGo of]ubfgx? Gofo;+ut x'g'k5{ / To:tf] of]ubfgsf sf/0f pgLx? wfGg} g;Sg] u/L C0fsf] af]́ df kg]{ l:ylt l;h{gf x'g' x'Fb}g . e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ePsf JolQmn] To:tf clwsf/ Tofu ubf{ cg'lrt l9nfO{ lagf ;f] a/fa/sf] /sd kfpg'k5{ .

$

efu $ ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Josf] x:tfGt/0f tyf cGo kl/jt{g @(

!%=% /fHon] k'glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/ sfof{Gjog ug{ rfx]df :ki6 ?kdf To:tf] ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf p2]Zox? lglZrt u/L To:tf] k'glj{t/0faf6 5'6 x'g] hUufsf] kl/df0f ;d]t tf]Sg'k5{ . o; qmddf ck]Iff ul/Psf nfe kfpg] JolQmx? h:t} s/];faf/L vf]Hg] kl/jf/x?, ;'ljwf ljxLg au{x?, ;LdfGts[t ;d'x, o'jf, cflbjf;L hghfltx?, ;fgf kl/df0fsf vfBfGg pTkfbg ug]{ / ;+sng ug]{ JolQmx? :ki6 ?kdf ls6fg ul/g'k5{ .

!%=^ /fHon] k'glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ rfx]sf] v08df ltgnfO{ bLuf] agfpgsf nflu ;xeflutfd'ns k|s[ofaf6 gLlt tyf sfg'g lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] ;d'bfo, kl/jf/ tyf JolQmn] cfkm"n] sdfPsf] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unaf6 kof{Kt hLljsf k|fKt ug{ rfx]df pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] vfnsf gLlt tyf sfg'g lgdf{0f ul/Psf] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . ;fy} k'glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/sf] sfof{Gjog ul/Fbf dlxnf tyf k'?ifaLr ;dfg Jojxf/ x'g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] k'glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/sf pknAwL Pj+d\ k|fKt ck]lIft c;/x?sf] bLuf]kgfdf efFhf] xfNg ;Sg] gLltx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{k5{ .

!%=& k'glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/sf] af/]df ljrf/ ubf{ /fHox?n] rfx]df To:tf] ;'wf/n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/, vfB ;'/Iff / pko'Qm vfBfGgsf] clwsf/df a9f]Q/Lsf] cg'e"lt, hLljsf tyf jftfj/0fdf kfg{ ;Sg] ;DefJo ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds k|efjx?sf] d"NofÍg ug{ ;S5g . oL lgb]{lzsfx?sf k/fdz{ tyf ;xeflutfsf l;4fGtx? cg's"n x'g] u/L To:tf] d"NofÍg ug'{k5{ . pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] / k'glj{t/0ffTds sfo{qmdx?df ;'wf/ ug]{ pkfox?sf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ cfwf/sf] ?kdf To:tf] d"NofÍgnfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

!%=* k'glj{t/0ffTds e"ld;'wf/ sfo{qmdn] nfeflGjt JolQmx?sf cfjZostfx? h:t}M C0fdf kx'Fr, afnL aLdf, ;fdfu|L, ahf/, u|fld0f lj:tf/df k|fljlws ;xof]u, s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; tyf cfjf;df k"0f{ dfqfsf] ;xof]usf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . o:tf] ;xof]u ;DaGwL Joj:yfn] pkef]Qmfx?af6 x'g] e"ldsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ /fHon] ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ . e"ld;'wf/ Pj+d\ ;xof]u ;]jfsf] nfut nufotsf ;a} nfutnfO{ z'?d} klxrfg u/L To;nfO{ ;+a4 ah]6df ;dfj]z ug'{k5{ .

!%=( /fHox?n] kf/bzL{, ;xeflutfd"ns / pQ/bfoL k4lt tyf sfo{ljlwsf dfWodaf6 k'glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/sf] sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ . /fli6«o sfg'g tyf cg'R5]b !^ sf Joj:yf adf]lhd ;a} k|efljt kIfx?nfO{ plrt k|s[ofåf/f Gofof]lrt Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . lk5l8Psf] ;d'x nufotsf ;a} k|efljt kIfx?nfO{ n}lËs nlIft ;Gb]z nufotsf dfWodaf6 ;'wf/sf] af/]df k"0f{ / :ki6 hfgsf/L k|jfx ug'{k5{ . v'nf k|s[ofaf6 pkef]Qmfx?sf] rog ug'{k5{ . ;fj{hlgs ?kdf clen]vfÍg ul/Psf ;'/lIft ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ k|fKt ug'{k5{ . pgLx?nfO{ /fli6«o sfg'g cGtu{t åGå ;dfwfgsf dfWodx?df kx'Fr pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . /fHox?n] ljz]if u/L Jofks kf/bzL{tf / ;xeflutfsf] dfWodaf6 k'glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/ sfo{qmddf x'g ;Sg] e|i6frf/ /f]Sg] k|of; ug'{k5{ .

!%=!) k'glj{t/0ffTds ;'wf/ Pj+d\ cg'R5]b !%=* df pNn]v ul/Psf ;+a4 ;xof]uL gLltx?sf] pknAwL tyf To:tf ;'wf/ / gLltx?n] k'?if tyf dlxnfx?sf] e"ld tyf vfB ;'/Iffsf] kx'Frdf kf/]sf] k|efjsf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ;+Ung kIfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ug'{k5{ . cfjZostf cg';f/ ;'wf/fTds pkfox? ;d]t cjnDag ug'{k5{ .

!^= clwu|x0f tyf Ifltk"lt{

!^=! /fli6«o sfg'gsf] clwgdf /xL Pj+d\ /fli6«o kl/j]z cg'?k /fHon] ;fj{hlgs p2]Zosf nflu cfjZos k/]sf] v08df dfq} e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] clwu|x0f ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] Goflos k'g/fjnf]

$

#) efu $ ef]urngsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Josf] x:tfGt/0f tyf cGo kl/jt{g

sgsf] cg'dlt lbgsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs p2]Zosf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ sfg'gdf :ki6 ?kn] kl/eflift ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] cfˆgf ;Dk"0f{ s[ofsnfkx? /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf k|rlnt bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L Pj+d\ cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfnfO{ plrt ;Ddfg x'g] u/L ;~rfng ul/g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] ;a} au{ ljz]ifu/L hf]lvddf k/]sf tyf ;LdfGts[t ;d'x Pj+d\ a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ePsf xsjfnfx?nfO{ /fli6«o sfg'g cGtu{t cfjZos Go"gtd ;|f]t;fwg pknAw u/fpg / oyfzL3| oyf]lrt Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg u/L pgLx?sf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ .

!^=@ /fHox?n] clwu|x0fsf] of]hgf / k|s[of kf/bzL{ Pj+d\ ;xeflutfd"ns ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . clwu|x0faf6 k|efljt x'g ;Sg] ;a} JolQmnfO{ klxrfg u/L o; ;DaGwdf plrt ?kn] ;"lrt u/L k|To]s k|s[ofdf pgLx?;Fu k/fdz{ ug'{k5{ . To:tf] k/fdz{ of] lgb]{lzsfsf l;4fGtx? cg's"n x'g] u/L ul/Psf] x'g'k5{ . ;fy} ;fj{hlgs p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;DefJo j}slNks ljlw ;DaGwL ;"rgf pknAw u/fO{ pgLx?sf] hLljsfdf kg{;Sg] k|lts"n c;/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ /0fgLltx?sf af/]df Wofg lbg'k5{ . /fHox? ljz]ifu/L ;fF:s[lts, wfld{s tyf jftfj/0fLo dxTj ePsf] If]qsf] ;fy} ul/a tyf hf]lvddf k/]sf ju{sf] hLljsfdf ljz]if dxTj /fVg] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] k|:tfljt clwu|x0fsf] ljifodf ;+j]bgzLn x'g'k5{ .

!^=# /fHox?n] /fli6«o sfg'g cg'?k lgikIf d"NofÍg / zL3| Ifltk"lt{sf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug'{k5{ . Ifltk"lt{sf :j?kx? dWo] gub jf a}slNks e"lddf clwsf/ k|bfg jf b'j} x'g ;S5g .

!^=$ cfˆgf] ;|f]t;fwfgn] EofP;Dd /fHox?n] sfof{Gjogsf/L lgsfox?;Fu dfgjLo, ef}lts, cfly{s Pj+d\ cGo k|s[ltsf] Ifdtf ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ .

!^=% /fHox?n] kl/of]hgfdf kl/jt{g ePsf] sf/0fn] clwu|x0f ul/Psf e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+un cfjZos gk/]sf] v08df To:tf ;|f]tx? ;fljss} xsbf/nfO{lkmtf{ k|fKt klxnf] cj;/ k|bfg ug'{k5{ . o;/L clwu|x0f ul/Psf ;|f]tx? ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ lkmtf{ ubf{ clwu|x0f ul/Psf] ;dodf kLl8t kIfnfO{ lbOPsf] d'cfAhf tyf Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd lkmtf{ lng] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' k5{ .

!^=^ ;a} kIfx?n] ljz]ifu/L j:t'ut ?kdf d"No lgwf{/0f u/]/ kf/bzL{tf tyf ljs]lGb|t k|s[of / k"g/fj]bgsf] clwsf/sf] dfWodaf6 e|i6frf/ /f]Sg] k|of; ug'{k5{ .

!^=& ;fj{hlgs p2]Zosf] nflu e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] clwu|x0f ul/Psf] sf/0fn] hUufaf6 lj:yfkg ug{ pko'Qm 7flgPsf] cj:yfdf /fHon] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / kl/kfngf ug'{kg]{ cfˆgf] ;+a4 bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L To:tf] lj:yfkg tyf To;af6 k|efljt ;a} kIfx?nfO{ plrt 9+un] ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ .

!^=* /fHox?n] JolQm tyf ;d'bfox?nfO{ pTkfbgd"ns ;|f]tsf] kx'Fraf6 jl~rt x'g ;Sg] u/L e"ldaf6 lj:yfkg jf :yfgfGt/0f ug'{cl3 To;/L k|efljtx'g] kIfx? ;+u oL lgb]{lzsfx?sf] l;4fGt cg's"n x'g] u/L k/fdz{ u/L To;/L lj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ x6fpg] jf slDtdf Go"g ug]{ u/L plrt ljsNk vf]Hg'k5{ .

!^=( ha/h:tL lj:yfkg jf :yfgfGt/0fsf] sf/0faf6 JolQmx? 3/af/ ljxLg x'g] jf dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g eO{ hf]lvddf kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf x'g'x'Fb}g . To:tf k|efljt JolQmx?n] cfˆgf] nflu cfkm}+ Joj:yf ug{ g;s]df /fHox?n] cfˆgf] ;|f]t;fwgn] EofP;Dd To:tf JolQm?sf] nflu cj:yf cg';f/ kof{Kt j}slNks 3/af;sf] Joj:yf, k'gj{;f]jf; jf pTkfbgd"ns e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undf kx'Frsf] lglDt pko'Qm pkfox? cjnDag ug'{k5{ .

efu % ef]urngsf] k|zf;g #!

%efu

ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|zf;g

o; efun] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] clen]v, d"NofÍg s/ lgwf{/0f, e"ldsf] Jojl:yt k|of]u ;DaGwL of]hgfsf] lgodg, ef]urng ;DaGwL ljjfbsf] ;dwfg Pj+d\ cGt/–;Ldfgfsf] ljifosf] ;Gbe{af6 e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] zf;g ;DaGwL k|zf;gnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5 .

!&= ef]urng/ :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] clen]v

!&=! /fHox?n] cfˆgf], ;fj{hlgs tyf gLlhIf]q Pj+d\ k|yfut ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] k|0ffnL /x]sf clbjf;L hghflt tyf cGo ;d'bfo ;d]tsf] ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ ug{ / :yfgLo ;dfh tyf ahf/sf] ;~rfngsf] nflu JolQmut tyf ;fd'lxs clwsf/x? clen]vg ug]{ h:t} btf{, gfkhfFr, ef]urngsf] cg'dlt k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . o:tf] Joj:yfn] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jo, To:tf] clwsf/ tyf st{Jo /x]sf JolQmx? tyf e"ld, dT:oIf]q / agh+un;Fu ;DalGwt clwsf/ tyf st{Josf] ;Gbe{df To:tf ;|f]tx?sf] OsfO{h:tf ljifo clen]vg ug]{, cBfjlws ug]{ / ;fj{hlgsLs/0f ug]{ Joj:yfnfO{ ;d]6g' k5{ .

!&=@ /fHox?n] cfˆgf] ljz]if kl/l:ytL Pj+d\ pknAw dfgjLo tyf cfly{s ;|f]t cg';f/ pko'Qm x'g] u/L clen]v k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts ?kdf pko'Qm x'g] u/L cflbjfl; tyf k/Dk/fut ef]urng k|0ffnL ePsf cGo ;d'bfox?sf] clwsf/ clen]vg ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / k|of]u ug'{k5{ . kf/blz{tf k|a4{g ug{ e"ldsf] Jojl:yt k|of]u ;DaGwL of]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt hfgsf/L tyf ;|f]tx?;Fu ;fd~h:otf sfod ug{ / cGo k|of]hgsf] lgldQ /fHox?n] k|rlnt clen]v k|0ffnL / e"ldsf] Jojl:yt k|of]u ;DaGwL of]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt hfgsf/Lx?nfO{ PsLs[t ?kdf cleJoQm ug]{ k|f?k ljsf; ug{ k|of; ug'{k5{ . /fHo, ;fj{hlgs If]q, gLlhIf]q tyf cflbjf;L Pj+d\ k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnL /x]sf cGo ;d'bfox?sf] ef]urng ;DaGwL clen]v PsLs[t ?kdf /fHon] clen]va4 ug'{k5{ . k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnL ePsf cflbjf;L hghftL tyf cGo ;d'bfox?sf] ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/, cgf}krfl/s a;f]af;df ePsf] sAhfsf] clen]v /fVg ;Dej gePdf tL If]qx?df k|lt:kwL{ clwsf/x?sf] clen]v sfod x'g] s'/fnfO{ /f]Sg vf; Wofg k'¥ofpg' k5{ .

!&=# /fHox?n] k|To]s JolQmn] ef]urng ;DaGwL cfˆgf] clwsf/nfO{ cf}krf/s ?kn] clen]vg u/fpg ;Sg] / s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj ljgf To:tf] clwsf/sf af/]df hfgsf/L kfpg ;Sg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug]{ k|of; ug'{k5{ . cfjZostf cg';f/ hUuf btf{ ug]{ lgsfo h:tf sfof{Gjog lgsfox?n] dlxnf, ul/a / hf]lvddf k/]sf JolQmx?sf] kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrttfnfO{ ljrf/ u/L ;]jf s]Gb|x? / 3'lDt sfof{nox? :yfkgf ug'{k5{ . ;j{;fwf/0fx?nfO{ ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL

%

#@ efu % ef]urngsf] k|zf;g

clwsf/af/] hfgsf/L k|jfx ug{sf] nflu /fHon] :yfgLo txdf pknAw Joj;flos JolQmx? h:t} sfg'gljb\, gf]6/L, cldg / ;fdflhs j}1flgsx?nfO{ k|of]u ug{tkm{ ljrf/ ug'{k5{ .

!&=$ sfof{Gjog lgsfox?n] ;]jf k|jfxsf] d"No 36fpg :yfgLo ?kdf pko'Qm k|ljlw / ;/n sfo{ljlw cjnDag ug'{k5{ . hldgsf] lsQf / cGo OsfO{x?sf] If]qut jf ef}lts cjl:yltsf] z'4tf :yfgLo cfjZostf cg';f/ klxrfg ug{ kof{Kt x'g'k5{ . ;doqmddf x'g] If]qut OsfO{sf] kl/jt{gsf] oyfy{ l:ylt ;d]t cfjZostf cg';f/ pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL clen]vnfO{ k|of]u ug{sf] nflu ;xhLs/0f ug{ sfof{Gjog lgsfox?n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/, ;f] clwsf/ pke]fu ug]{ stf{x? tyf ;f] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt If]qut OsfO{x?sf af/]df ;"rgfx?sf] ;~hfn :yflkt ug'{kb{5 . k|lt:kwf{Tds tyf ld;df; ePsf clwsf/x?sf] klxrfg ug{ cg'dlt lbg] u/L e"ldsf] If]qut OsfO{ / clwsf/stf{x?sf] cfwf/df clen]vnfO{ ;"rLa4 ug'{k5{ . /fHosf lgsfo tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ pgLx?sf] ;]jf k|jfxdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL clen]v pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . /fli6«o dfkb08 cg';f/ ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt PsLs[t tyf v08Ls[t tYof+Í / hfgsf/L k|jfx ug'{k5{ .

!&=% uf]klgotfsf] k|ltaGwsf] clwgdf /xL ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt hfgsf/L ;a}sf nflu ;xh 9+un] pknAw x'g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZttf ug'{k5{ . uf]klgotfsf] k|ltaGwn] e|i6«rf/hGo tyf u}/sfg'gL sf/f]jf/nfO{ klxrfg ug{sf] nflu ;fj{hlgs ?kdf hfFr ug]{ / lgu/fgL ug]{ s'/fnfO{ cgfjZos ?kdf c+s'z nufpg' x'Fb}g . ef]urngsf] clwsf/sf] clen]v ubf{ x'g ;Sg] ei6«rf/nfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu /fHo / u}//fHo kIfn] o; ;DaGwL k|s[of, zt{x?, z'Ns tyf cGo 5'6 / ;]jf k|flKtdf ul/Psf cg'/f]wnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ ;do ;Ldfsf] k|rf/k|;f/ u/L cfjZos k|oTg /fHon] ug'{k5{ .

!*= d"Nofªsg

!*=! ljif]z k|of]hg h:t} ahf/sf] ;~rfng, C0fsf] ;'/If0f, nufgLsf] kl/0ffd :j?k ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] sf/f]af/ jf x:tfGt/0f, hUuf clwu|x0f / s/ lgwf{/0fsf] nflu /fHox?n] :jR5 / ;dofg's'n ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] d"NofÍg ug]{ k|0ffnL k|of]udf /x]sf] s'/fsf] ;'lrlZrt ug'{k5{ . o:tf] k|0ffnLn] Jofks ?kn] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo / lbuf] ljsf;sf] p2]Zox?nfO{ k|a4{g ug'{k5{ .

!*=@ d"NofÍg;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt / sfg'gx?n] d"NofÍg k|0ffnLn] ;Dea eP;Dd ahf/ d"No eGbf afx]ssf cGo d"Nox? pbfx/0fsf] nflu ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, wfld{s, efjgfTds tyf jftfj/0fLo d"Nox?nfO{ ;d]t plrt Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ s'/fnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu cfjZos k|of; ug'{kb{5 .

!*=# /fHox?n] ef]urngsf] clwsf/sf] d"NofÍgdf kf/bzL{tf k|f]T;flxt ug]{ lsl;dsf cfjZos gLlt tyf sfg'gx?sf] th'{df ug'{k5{ . oyfy{ / e/kbf]{ d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{ cfwf/ pknAw u/fpgsf] nflu /fHox?n] ljlqm d"No / c? ;+a4 hfgsf/Lx?sf] clen]lvs/0f / ljZn]if0f u/L kx'Frof]Uo ;d]t agfpg'k5{ .

!*=$ ;/sf/L, Joj;flos / cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu d"NofÍg ug{'kbf{ /fHox? tyf cGo kIfx?n] /fli6«o dfkb08sf] ljsf; tyf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug'{k5{ . To:tf] /fli6«o dfkb08 ;+a4 cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg's"n x'g] u/L agfOPsf] x'g'k5{ . o;sf] nflu sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lbOg] tflnddf d"NofÍg k4lt / cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 ;d]t ;dflji6 ug'{kb{5 .

%

efu % ef]urngsf] k|zf;g ##

!*=% sfof{Gjog lgsfox?n] cfkm'x?n] u/]sf] d"NofÍg;Fu ;DalGwt hfgsf/L tyf ljzn]if0fx? /fli6«o dfkb08 cg';f/ ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . /fHox?n] ;"rgf tyf k4ltx?df kf/bzL{tf clea[l4 u/L d"NofÍg, ;fj{hlgs ;|f]tx?sf] k|zf;g, Ifltk"lt{ tyf sDkgLsf] vftf / C0fdf x'g] e|i6«frf/nfO{ /f]Sg] k|of; ug{'kb{5 .

!(= s/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf

!(=! /fHox?n] ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo p2]Zox?sf] k|flKtdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpgsf] nflu ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/df s/ nufO{ /fhZj p7fpg]] clwsf/ /fVb5g . plNnlvt p2]Zox? cGtu{t nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ jf :jfldTj jf cGo ef]urngsf] clwsf/sf] kl/sNkgf jf s]Gb|Ls/0fsf sf/0f x'g ;Sg] cgk]lIft k|efjx?nfO{ /f]Sg] s'/fx? kg{ ;S5g\ . s/ k|0ffnLn] ;fdflhs, cfly{s / jftfj/0fLo ?kn] cg's"n x'g] Jojxf/x? h:t} sf/f]jf/ jf xs x:tfGt/0fsf] btf{ -/lhi6]«zg_ jf k"0f{ ljlqm d"Nosf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ h:tf sfo{x?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{kb{5 .

!(=@ ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/dfly s/ nufpg] laifo;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} kIfx?nfO{ lgodg ug{sf] nflu /fHox?n] cfjZos gLlt, sfg'g / ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf ljsf; ug]{ k|of; ug'{k5{ . ;/sf/sf ljs]Gb|Ls[t txx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kn] ljQLo k|aGw pknAw u/fpg / ;]jf tyf ;+/rgfx?sf] :yfgLo Joa:yfsf] nflu s/ ;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfg'gx?sf] k|of]u ug'{k5{ .

!(=# /fHox?n] r':ttfk"j{s / kf/bzL{?kn] s/ k|0ffnLsf] k|zf;g ug'{k5{ . sfof{Gjog lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tflnddf s/ k|zf;gsf] k4lt ;DaGwL laifo ;dfj]z x'g'k5{ . s/ jf:tljs d"Nodf cfwfl/t x'g'k5{ . d"NofÍg tyf s/of]Uo /sdsf] s/ lgwf{/0f ;fj{hlgs ug'{k5{ . d"NofÍg tyf s/ lgwf{/0fsf lj?4 s/bftfnfO{ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ clwsf/ k|bfg ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] j:t'ut ?kdf s/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] ljifodf kf/bzL{tf clea[l4 u/L s/ k|0ffnLsf] k|zf;gdf x'g] e|i6«frf/ /f]Sg] k|of; ug'{k5{ .

@)= lgoda4 e" pkof]u of]hgf

@)=! e"ldsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u ;DaGwL of]hgfn] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] pkef]udf sfg'gL l;dLttf4f/f k|efj kfb{5 . /fHox?n] e"ldsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u ;DaGwL of]hgfsf] lgodg ug]{ sfo{ u/L To:tf] of]hgfsf] cg'udg Pj+d\ of]hgf cg';f/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ s'/fnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . o;sf ;fy} k|:t't lgb]{lzsfsf] p2]Zo k|a4{g x'g] u/L /fHox?n] ;Gt'lnt / bLuf] If]qLo ljsf;sf] of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ . o; ;DaGwdf e"ldsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u ;DaGwL of]hgfn] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] pkof]u ug]{ km/s p2]Zox?aLr tfnd]n / Ps?ktf sfod ug'{kb{5 .

@)=@ e"ldsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u ;DaGwL of]hgfsf] lgodg ubf{ /fHon] k/fdz{ / ;xeflutfåf/f n}lËs ?kn] ;+j]bgzLn gLlt tyf sfg'gx? agfO{ k|rf/k|;f/ ;d]t ug'{k5{ . cfjZostf cg';f/ cf}krfl/s of]hgf k|0ffnLn] k|yfut ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnL ePsf cflbjfl; tyf cGo ;d'bfon] k|of]u u/]sf of]hgf / If]qLo ljsf;sf] k4lt Pj+d\ tL ;d'bfo leq /x]sf] lg0f{o ug]{ k|s[ofnfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbg'kb{5 .

@)=# e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+un Pj+d\ tL ;|f]tx?sf] pkof]uaLrsf] cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGwnfO{ / tL ;|f]tx?sf] pkof]u ;DaGwL n}lËs b[li6sf]0f ;d]tnfO{ dfGotf lbO{ /fHox?n] e"ldsf] Jojl:yt pkof]

%

#$ efu % ef]urngsf] k|zf;g

u ;DaGwL of]hgf ;~rfng ug'{k5{ . o; qmddf /fHox?n] ;fj{hlgs, ;fd'bflos Pj+d\ lghL lxtx?aLr ;dGjo / k|fyldsLs/0f u/L u|fld0f, s[lif ;DaGwL, 3'dGt] JolQmx?sf], zx/L tyf jftfj/0fLo k|of]usf] lglDt cfjZos kg]{ s'/fx?sf] Joa:yfkg ug'{k5{ . e"ldsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u ;DaGwL of]hgfn] ;a} lsl;dsf ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/ / bf]xf]/f] Pj+d\ cfjlws clwsf/ ;d]tnfO{ Wofg lbg'k5{ . e"ldsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u ;DaGwL of]hgfsf] nflu pko'St ?kn] hf]lvdsf] laZn]if0f ug]{ k4lt ;d]t x'g'k5{ . e"ldsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u ;DaGwL /fli6«o, If]qLo tyf :yfgLo of]hgfx? aLr ;dGjo x'g'kb{5 .

@)=$ /fHox?n] of]hgf k|:tfj ubf{ / of]hgfsf] d:of}bf k'g/fjnf]sg ubf{ cflbjf;L / vfBfGg pTkfbg ug]{ ;d'bfo nufotsf k|efljtx'g] ;d'bfosf] k|fyldstf / lxtnfO{ k|ltlalDat ug]{ s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu Jofks ?kn] hg;xeflutf x'g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . of]hgf tof/Lsf] k|s[ofdf To:tf ;d'bfox?nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . e"ldsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u ;DaGwL of]hgfsf] clGtd d:of}bfdf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfn] ;xeflutfaf6 k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg s;/L k|ltlalDat ul/Psf] 5 egL sfof{Gjog lgsfon] ;fj{hlgs ug'{k5{ . vf;u/L ljBdfg lgodgdf ul/g] kl/jt{g cflbaf6 e"ldsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u ;DaGwL of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ clwsf/sf] cg'lrt k|of]usf lj?4 ;'/If0f k|f0ffnLsf] :yfkgf u/L /fHox?n] o; ;DaGwdf x'g] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ k|of; ug'k5{ . sfof{Gjog lgsfon] cg'udg ubf{ b]lvPsf] e"ldsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u ;DaGwL of]hgfsf] kfngfsf] kl/0ffd ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg lbg'k5{ .

@)=% e"ldsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u ;DaGwL of]hgfn] s[lif, kof{j/0fLo k4lt / lbuf]kgdf clej[l4 tyf e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ljljwtfo'Qm bLuf] Joj:yfkg tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g / vfB ;'/Iffsf r'gf}ltx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ k|a4{g ug]{ s'/fnfO{ plrt Wofg lbg'kb{5 .

@!= ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljjfbx?sf] ;dfwfg

@!=! /fHox?n] lgikIf / ;Ifd Goflos Pj+ k|zf;lgs lgsfo dfkm{t ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ljjfbx?sf] zL3|, ;'ne / k|efjsf/L ;dfwfgsf] pkfo k|bfg ugk'b{5 . To:tf ljjfbx?sf] ;dwfg ug]{ a}slNks pkfo ;lxt ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Fr pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . o;sf ;fy} /fHox?n] k|efjsf/L pkrf/ / k'g/fj]bg ug]{ clwsf/ k|bfg u/L To:tf] pkrf/ zL3| ?kdf sfof{Gjogdf ;d]t cfpg'k5{ . /fHon] o; qmddf k|f/lDes r/0fdf g} ;+efJo ljjfbx? x'g glbg jf ;dwfg ug{ sfof{Gjog lgsfo leq} jf afx\o ?kdf ;a} ;+oGqx? pknAw u/fpg'k5{ . ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{ ;]jfx?sf] ;Gbe{df :yfg, efiff / k|s[ofdf dlxnf, k'?if nufot ;a}sf] kxF'r k'u]sf] cj:yf /xg'k5{ .

@!=@ /fHox?n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljjfbx? x]g]{ ljlzi6Ls[t Gofoflws/0f jf lgsfox?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ / ljjfbsf] k|fljlws kIf x]g{sf] nflu Goflos lgsfox?leq ljz]if1sf] kb ;d]t l;h{gf ug]{ s'/fnfO{ larf/ ug{ ;S5g\ . o;sf ;fy} /fHox?n] lgodg ug]{ e"ldsf] Jojl:yt pkof]u ;DaGwL of]hgfsf] gfkhfFr / d"NofÍg;Fu ;DalGwt ljjfbx? x]g{sf] nflu ljz]if Gofolws/0fx? :yfkgf ug{ ljrf/ ug{ ;S5g\ .

@!=# /fHox?n] vf;u/L :yfgLo txdf ljjfb ;dwfgsf a}slNks tl/sfx?nfO{ ;'b[9 u/L ljsf; ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] k/Dk/fut jf ljjfb ;dwfg ug]{ :yflkt tl/sfx? ljBdfg ePsf] cj:yfdf ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;+alGwt ljjfbx?nfO{ zL3| ?kdf ;dwfg ug{sf] nflu lgikIf, e/kbf]{, kx'Frof]Uo / clje]bsf/L pkfox? pknAw u/fpg'k5{ .

%

efu % ef]urngsf] k|zf;g #%

@!=$ /fHox?n] cfˆgf sfof{Gjog lgsfosf] k|fljlws ljlzi6tf;Fu ;DalGwt ljjfbx? h:t} e"ldsf] gfkhfFr ;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfon] /fli6«o ;Gbe{df JolQmx?aLr x'g] ;fFw l;dfgfsf] ljjfb x]g{ ;Sg] u/L To:tf lgsfonfO{ k|of]u ug{ ljrf/ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . o:tf lgsfox?sf] lg0f{o lnlvt Pj+d\ a:t'ut sf/0fdf cfwfl/t x'g'k5{ / To:tf] lg0f{osf la?4 Goflos lgsfodf k'g/fj]bg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g'kb{5 .

@!=% /fHox?n] ljjfb ;dwfgsf] k|s[ofdf x'g] e|i6«frf/ /f]Sg k|of; ug'{kb{5 .

@!=^ ljjfb ;dwfgsf] ;+oGq pknAw u/fpFbf /fHox?n] hf]lvddf k/]sf / ;LdfGts[t JolQmx?nfO{ ljgf e]befa Gofodf ;'/lIft kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu sfg'gL ;xfotf k|bfg ug{ k|of; ug'{k5{ . Goflos lgsfo / cGo lgsfox?n] To:tf] sfg'gL ;xfotf k|bfg ug{sf] nflu cfˆgf sd{rf/Lx?df cfjZos ;Lk / Ifdtf /x]sf] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 .

@@= cGt/b]zLo ;jfnx?

@@=! /fHox?n] k|efljt kIfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf pko'Qm ;+oGqsf] k|f?k tof/ u/L /fli6«o ;Ldf eGbf k/sf e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . o; qmddf /fHox?n] cfˆgf ;a} sfdsf/jfxLx? /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gåf/f l;lh{t bfloTj;Fu cg's"n x'g] u/L / cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfnfO{ ;d]t plrt ?kn] ;Ddfg k'¥ofOPsf] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/b]zLo ljifox? pTkGg ePdf /fHox?n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ Pj+d\ cfˆgf] If]qdf a;fO;/fO{ u/L cfpg] dflg;x?sf] hf]lvd / vfB ;'/Iffsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu kf/:kl/s ?kdf ldn]/ sfo{ ug'{k5{ .

@@=@ /fHo tyf cGo kIfx?n] cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldfdf kg]{ 3fF;] d}bfg jf uf]7fnfx?sf] df};dL a;fO;/fO{sf] dfu{ / ;fgf df´Lx?sf] df5f dfg]{ :yfg h:tf If]qsf] ef]urng, :jfldTj, / clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/b]zLo ljifox?af6 ;d'bfonfO{ kg]{ k|efjnfO{ a'‰gsf] nflu of]ubfg ug'{kb{5 .

@@=# /fHox?n] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] zf;g Joj:yf ;DaGwL cfˆgf sfg'gL dfkb08x?df /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L / cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo Pj+d\ cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j]lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg ug]{ u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ Ps?ktf sfod ug'{k5{ . o;qmddf ;+a4 If]qLo lgsfo / k|efljt kIfx?;Fu ;dGjo ug'{k5{ . cGt/f{li6«o l;dfgf kf/ ug]{ ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{sf] nflu /fHox?n] cfjZostf cg';f/ k|efljt kIfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ljBdfg cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGqnfO{ ljsl;t / ;'b[9 ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] o; qmddf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;+a4 If]qLo lgsfox?;Fu ;d]t ;dGjo ug'{k5{ . vf;u/L hLljsf / o; lgb]{lzsfsf] cg'R5]b $=* adf]lhd, k|efljt ;a}sf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu o;f] ug'{ k5{ .

%

#^ efu % ef]urngsf] k|zf;g

efu ^ hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ;+s6sf] ;Daf]wg #&

^efu

hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ;+s6sf] ;Daf]wg

o; efudf hnjfo' kl/jt{g, k|fs[lts k|sf]k / åGåx?sf] ;Gbe{df e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL zf;g Joj:yfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 .

@#= hnjfo' kl/jt{g

@#=! /fHox?n] ;a} JolQmx?, ;d'bfo jf k|efljt x'g;Sg] kIfx?sf], vf;u/L s[ifs, ;fgf vfBj:t'\ pTkfbsx?, hf]lvddf k/]sf / ;LdfGts[t hgtfsf] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] a}w clwsf/x? sfg'g, gLlt, /0fgLlt tyf s[ofsnfkåf/f ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ul/Psf] ;'lglZrtf lbnfpg' kb{5, o;f] ubf{ cfjZostf cg';f/ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ;D´f}tf cGtu{tsf bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efjnfO{ /f]Sg] / ;Daf]wg ug]{ nIo lng'k5{ .

@#=@ /fHox?n] cfjZostf cg';f/ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] sf/0faf6 lj:yflkt x'g;Sg] JolQmx?, dlxnf tyf k'?ifsf] ;xeflutf / pgLx?sf] k/fdz{df /0fgLlt / s[ofsnfkx?sf] th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug'{k5{ . lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?sf] nflu j}slNks e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+un / hLljsfsf] Joj:yf ubf{ c? JolQmx?sf] hLljsf dfly k|lts"n c;/ kg'{ x'Fb}g . /fHox?n] ;fgf 6fk'sf d'n'sx? / cGo ljsf;zLn /fHox?nfO{ ljz]if ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] tkm{ ljrf/ ug{ ;Sb5g .

@#=# /fHox?n] k|:t't lgb]{lzsfx?df pNn]lvt k/fdz{ / ;xeflutf ;DaGwL l;4fGtx?sf] cg's"n x'g] u/L ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] a}w clwsf/ /x]sf ;a} JolQmx?, ;d'bfox? / ljz]ifu/L s[ifs, ;fgf vfBfGg pTkfbsx? tyf hf]lvddf k/]sf / ;LdfGts[t JolQmx?nfO{ hnjfo' k/jt{g / cGo ;+s6sf k|efjx?nfO{ 36fpg] / ;f]sf] nflu ul/g] sfo{qmdsf] jftf{ tyf sfof{Gjogdf ;xefuL u/fpg ;xhLs/0f ug'{kb{5 .

@$= k|fs[lts k|sf]kx?

@$=! ;a} kIfx?n] k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] /f]syfd / k"j{ tof/L Pjd\ k|sf]ksf] Joj:yfkg ubf{ e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] ;'lglZrtf lbnfpg' k5{ . k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf ;DefJo k|efjx? x6fpg tyf Go"gLs/0f ug{ e"ldsf] Jojl:yt k|of]u ;DaGwL of]hgf nufot ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf lgodgsf/L ;+/rgfx? lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ .

^

#* efu ^ hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ;+s6sf] ;Daf]wg

@$=@ /fHox?n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf df}h'bf bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L / cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg x'g] u/L cfˆgf ;Dk"0f{ s[ofsnfkx? ;~rfngdf /x]sf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . ;a} kIfx?n] z/0ffyL{x? tyf lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] nflu cfjf; tyf lkmtf{ ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf l;4fGtx? / k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] ;Daf]wg ;DaGwL dfgjLo a8fkq / Go"gtd dfkb08 nufotsf ;+a4 cGt/f{li6«o l;4fGtx?nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL sfo{ ug'{k5{ .

@$=# /fHon] k|sf]ksf] /f]syfd / k"j{tof/L sfo{qmdx?df ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ . k|efljt x'g ;Sg] If]qx? cGtu{t oL lgb]{lzsfx?n] :yflkt u/]sf] k/fdz{ tyf ;xeflutfsf] l;4fGt cg'?ksf] k|s[ofaf6 a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lx? ;Íng ul/g' k5{ . a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] clen]v /fVg] k|0ffnL k|fs[lts k|sf]knfO{ ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] lsl;dsf] clen]vsf] a}slNks e08f/0f ;lxtsf] x'g'k5{, h;n], ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/jfnfx?nfO{ cfˆgf] e"ldsf] clwsf/ k|dfl0ft ug{ / ltgsf] lsQf tyf cGo lsQfx?nfO{ k'g:yf{kg ug{ ;xh xf]; . . /fHon] k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 lj:yflkt x'g ;Sg] JolQmx?sf] nflu c:yfoL k"g:yf{kgfsf nflu 7fFpsf] klxrfg ul//fVg' k5{ / To:tf 7fpFx?df ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] ;'/Iff pknAw u/fpg lgodx? :yflkt ul/g' k5{ .

@$=$ /fHo tyf cGo kIfx?n] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ ;+s6sfnLg Joj:yfkgsf] r/0fdf ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ . k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf sf/0f lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?sf] nflu a}slNks e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] Joj:yf ug]{ k|fjwfgn] cGo JolQmsf] clwsf/ tyf hLljsfdf xfgL k'¥ofpg' x'Fb}g . lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?sf] ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ ;d]t dfGotf, ;Ddfg / ;'/lIft ul/g'k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ tyf] cglws[t k|of]u ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lx? ;a} k|efljt JolQmx?;Dd k'¥ofOg'k5{ .

@$=% /fHo tyf cGo kIfx?n] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ k"glg{df{0fsf] r/0fdf ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ . c:yfoL ?kdf lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ cfˆgf] jf;:yfgsf] d"n ynf]df :j]R5fn], ;'/lIftk"j{s / cfTd;Ddfgsf ;fy lkmlt{sf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljjfbx?sf] lg?k0f ug{] pkfox?sf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . lsQfx? tyf cGo e"ld OsfOx?sf] ;LdfnfO{ k"g:yf{lkt ug'{k/]df oL lgb]{lzsfx?åf/f :yflkt k/fdz{ tyf ;xeflutfsf] l;4fGt cg's"n x'g] u/L ug'{k5{ . lj:yflkt JolQmx? cfˆgf] jf;:yfgsf] d"n ynf]df kms{g c;dy{ ePsf] cj:yfdf pgLx?nfO{ cGoq :yfoL ?kn] k"g:yf{lkt u/fpg'k5{ . o;/L k"g:yf{kgf ubf{ lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?n] a}slNks e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undf ;'/lIft kx'Fr k|fKt ug{ ;s'g / o:tf] kx'Frn] cGo JolQmsf] clwsf/ tyf hLljsfdfly c;/ gk'uf];\ eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu :yfgLo ;d'bfox?;Fu /fHo tyf cGo kIfx?n] jftf{ ug'{k5{ .

@%= e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt åGåx?

@%=! ;a} kIfx?n] e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ åGåsf] sf/s x'gaf6 hf]ufpg / To:tf] cj:yf pGd'ng ug{ sbd rfNg' kb{5 / o; ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ljifox?nfO{ åGåk"j{, åGåsf] bf}/fg / åGåkZrft tyf ef]urng ePsf] cj:yf ;d]tnfO{ ;a} kIfn] k|rlnt cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'gsf cfwf/df sfd u/L ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] ;'lglZrt ul/g' k5{ .

@%=@ /fHon] pko'Qmtf cg';f/ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g cGtu{tsf df}h'bf bfloTjx? cg's"n x'g] u/L / cfkm" ;+a4 If]qLo Pj+d\ cGt/f{li6«o ;+oGq cGtu{tsf :j}lR5s k|lta4tfx? h:t} z/0ffyL{sf]

^

efu ^ hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ;+s6sf] ;Daf]wg #(

x}l;ot ;DaGwL cle;lGw / o;sf] cfn]v Pj+d\ z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] lglDt cfjf; tyf ;DklQ k"g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo l;4fGtx?nfO{ plrt ;Ddfg ub}{ cfˆgf ;a} s[ofsnfkx? ;~rfng ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . /fHox?n] a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'gx?nfO{ åGåsf] bf}/fg / åGåkZrft ;d]t ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ .

@%=# ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL ;d:ofn] åGåsf] l;h{gf gu/f];\ eGgsf nflu ;a} kIfx?n] zflGtk"0f{ pkfox?sf] dfWodaf6 o:tf ;d:ofx?sf] lg?k0fsf] nflu kxn ug'{k5{ . åGåsf] nflu sf/s x'g ;Sg] e]befj tyf cGo tTjx?nfO{ cGTo ug{ ;+a4 gLlt tyf sfg'gsf] k"g/fjnf]sg ug'{k5{ . e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljjfbx?nfO{ :jR5, ljZj;gLo, n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn, kx'Frof]Uo tyf clje]bsf/L pkfox?af6 oyfzSo l56f] lg?k0f ug{sf] nflu /fHon] pko'Qmtf cg'?k k/Dk/fut tyf cGo :yfgLo ;+oGqx?sf] k|of]u ug{ ;S5 .

@%=$ åGå pTkGg ePsf] cj:yfdf /fHo tyf cGo kIfx?n] k|rlnt a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ug{ k|oTgzLn x'g'k5{ / cGo kIfx?n] tL clwsf/x? x/0f ug{ g;s'g egL k|Tofe"t ug'{k5{ . ;Da4 /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g adf]lhdsf df}h'bf bfloTj cg'?k /fHon] cfˆgf] e"–efu leq ha/h:tL tyf lx+;fTds tl/sfaf6 k|fKt u/]sf e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+unsf] ef]urng / :jfdlTj ;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf k|bfg ug'{ x'Fb}g . z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflkt JolQmx? / åGåaf6 k|efljt cGo JolQmx?nfO{ :yfgLo ;d'bfox?sf] ef]urng ;DaGwL clwsf/nfO{ k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L ;'/lIft ?kdf j;f]jf;sf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] pNn+3g ePdf To;sf] clen]vLs/0f ul/g'k5{ / pko'Qmtf cg';f/ qmdzM pkrf/ ;d]t k|bfg ug'{k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] pNn+3gnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ ;Da4 k|s[ofx?sf] nflu k|df0f pknAw u/fpg / ;DefJo ;'wf/fTds sfo{nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{ ef]urng / :jfldTj ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] cflwsfl/s ljj/0fnfO{ xfgLgf]S;fgL / rf]/L x'gaf6 hf]ufpg'k5{ . o:tf] clen]v g/x]sf] :yfgx?df k|rlnt ef]urngsf] clwsf/nfO{ n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn tl/sfaf6 Pj+d\ df}lvs Oltxf; / ;fIfLx?sf] dfWodaf6 ;Dej eP;Dd pTs[i6 ?kn] clen]vg ug'{k5{ . z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?sf] a}w ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg, dfGotf / ;+/If0f k|bfg ug'{k5{ . ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/ / o;sf] cgflws[t k|of]uaf/]sf] hfgsf/L ;a} k|efljt JolQmx?nfO{ lbg'k5{ .

@%=% åGåsf] l:yltdf ;Dej eP;Dd jf åG4x? 6'lËPsf] cj:yfdf /fHo tyf cGo kIfx?n] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf ;d:ofx?nfO{ n}lËs ;dfgtfdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] u/L / k|efljt ;a}sf ;d:ofx?sf] lbuf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ . k'gk|f{lKt ;Dej ePsf] :yfgdf / pko'Qmtf cg';f/ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo z/0ffyL{ ;DaGwL pRr cfof]u tyf cGo ;+a4 lgsfox?sf] ;xof]udf ;+a4 cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg'?k z/0ffyL{ Pj+d\ lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ cfˆgf] jf;:yfgsf] d"nynf]df :j]R5fn], ;'/lIft k"j{s / cfTd;Ddfgsf ;fy kms{g ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'k5{ . k'gk|f{lKt, k"g:yf{kgf / kl/k"/0fsf] sfo{ljlwx? clje]bsf/L, n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn / Jofks ?kdf k|rf/k|;f/ ul/Psf] x'g'k5{ / k'gk|f{lKtsf bfaLx?nfO{ oyfzL3| sf/jfxLsf] k|s[ofdf Nofpg'k5{ . cflbjf;L tyf k|yfhlgt ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] k|0ffnL /x]sf ;d'bfox?sf] nflu k'g:yf{kgf ;DaGwL k|s[ofn] ;"rgfsf] k/Dk/fut ;|f]tx?sf] k|of]u ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

@%=^ k'gk|f{lKt ;Dej gePsf] cj:yfdf z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] nflu ul/g] a}slNks e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+un Pj+d\ hLljsfsf] ;'/lIft kx'Frsf] Joj:yfn] cGo JolQmsf] clwsf/ tyf hLljsfdfly c;/ gk'uf];\ eGgsf nflu :yfgLo ;d'bfo Pj+d\ cGo ;d'bfox?;Fu jftf{ ug'{k5{ . ;Dej eP;Dd ljz]if k|s[ofåf/f ljwjf, 6'x'/f nufotsf hf]lvddf k/]sf ju{nfO{ e"ld, dT:oIf]q tyf jgh+undf ;'/lIft kx'Fr pknAw u/fpg'k5{ .

^

$) efu ^ hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ;+s6sf] ;Daf]wg

@%=& åGåk"j{sf / åGå/t cj:yfdf l;h{gf ePsf lje]bx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ pko'Qmtf cg';f/ gLlt tyf sfg'gx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{k5{ . ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] lhDd]jf/k"0f{ zf;g Joj:Yffsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;]jfx?sf] k|jfx ug{ pko'Qmtf / cfjZostf cg'?k cfjZos lgsfox?sf] k'g:yf{kgf ug'{k5{ .

efu & k|a4{g, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg $!

&efu

k|a4{g, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg

@^=! oL lgb]{lzsfx? :j}lR5s k|s[ltsf ePsfn] logsf] sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ bfloTj /fHox? ;+u /x]sf] 5 .

@^=@ oL lgb]{lzsfx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u ug{Ù cf–cfˆgf] If]qflwsf/ leq logsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ug{Ù / ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] zf;g Joj:yfdf ul/Psf] ;'wf/ tyf /fli6«o vfB ;'/Iffsf] ;Gbe{df pko'Qm vfBdf clwsf/sf] a9f]Q/Lsf] cg'e"ltdf ;'wf/ Pjd\ bLuf] ljsf;sf] k|efj d"Nof+sgsf nflu /fHox?n] :yfgLo, /fli6«o tyf If]qLo txdf ax';/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] d~r tyf ;+/rgfx? lgdf{0f ug{ / xfn ljBdfg o; k|sf/sf d~r Pjd\ ;+/rgfx?sf] pkof]u ug{ /fHox?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/G5 . o; k|sf/sf d~r Pjd\ ;+/rgfx?sf] lgdf{0f k|lqmof ;dfj]zL, ;xeflutfd"ns, n}lËs ?kn] ;+j]bgzLn, sfof{Gjogof]Uo, nfut k|efjsf/L / lbuf] ;d]t x'g'k5{ . oL sfo{x? ubf{ /fHox?n] If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox?af6 k|fljlws ;xfotfsf] ck]Iff ug{ ;S5g .

@^=# oL lgb]{lzsfx? sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf /fHox?n] u/]sf :j]lR5s k|of;x?df blIf0f–blIf0f ;xof]u nufotsf ljlw dfkm{t ;3fp k'¥ofpg ljsf;sf ;f ]́bf/x?, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf ljlzi6Ls[t lgsfox? / If]qLo ;+u7gx?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/G5 . o:tf ;xof]ux? cGtu{t k|fljlws ;xof]u, ljQLo ;xfotf, ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf;, 1fg tyf cg'ejsf] cfbfg k|bfg, ef]urng, :jfldTj tyf clwsf/ ;DaGwL /fli6«o gLltx?sf] th'{dfdf ;xof]u / k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f k5{g\ .

@^=$ ljZj vfB ;'/Iff ;ldlt To:tf] ljZjJofkL d~r x'g'k5{ h;df ;+a4 ;a} stf{x?n] Ps csf{sf] cg'ejaf6 l;Sg ;Sg] / oL lgb]{lzsfx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf eO/x]sf] k|ult, sfof{Gjogsf] ;fGble{stf, k|efjsfl/tf / k|efjsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt xf]; . To;}n] ljZj vfB ;'/Iff ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnon] k/fdz{bftf ;d'xx?sf] ;xof]udf oL lgb]{lzsfx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf eO/x]sf] k|ult, k|ultsf] k|efj / To;n] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;'wf/df u/]sf] of]ubfgsf] ;DaGwdf ljZj vfB ;'/Iff ;ldltnfO{ k|ltj]bg lbg'k5{ . o:tf k|ltj]bgx? ljZjJofkL x'g'sf ;fy} o;n] cGo s'/fx?sf cltl/Qm If]qLo cg'ej, pQd cEof; / xfl;n ePsf kf7 ;d]t ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 .

@^=% gful/s ;dfhsf ;+u7gx?, gLlhIf]q nufotsf ;a} kIfx?nfO{ /fli6«o k|fyldstf / ;Gbe{ cg's"n x'g] u/L oL lgb]{lzsfx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] lgldQ ;fd'lxs k|of; ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/G5 . ;a} kIfx?nfO{ cEof;x?df ;'wf/ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] lhDd]jf/k"0f{ zf;g Joj:yf ;DaGwL ;"rgfx? k|rf/k|;f/ ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/G5 .

k|:t't lgb]{lzsfx? ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ ;DaGwL lj:t[t Pj+ ljZjJofkL klxnf] ;+oGq xf] / o;sf] k|zf;gsf] tof/L cGt/;/sf/L jftf{nfeåf/f ug''kg]{ x'G5 . e"ld, dT:o tyf hËnx?sf] pkof]u Pj+ lgoGq0fsf] nflu ;}4flGts / cGt/f{li6«o dfGotf k|fKt dfkb08 cg'?k o; lgb]{lzsfdf cfjZos cEof;x? ;dfj]z ul/

Psf 5g\ . logn] gLlt, sfg"g tyf ;+u7gfTds 9f+rfdf ;'wf/ ug{ dfu{bz{g k|bfg ub{5 h;n] ef]urng / :jfldTjsf] clwsf/sf] lgodg ug{sf] nflu ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ k|0ffnLsf] kf/bzL{tf tyf sfof{Gjog ;'wf/ tyf ;fj{hlgs

lgsfo, lghL If]qsf Joj;foLx?, gful/s ;dfh tyf ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/ Pj+ ltgsf] zf;gdf ;DaGw /x]sf hgtfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; tyf ;+rfngdf ;an agfpg lbzflg{b]z ub{5 . oL lgb]{lzsfx?n] ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] zf;g Joj:yfnfO{ /fli6«o vfB ;'/Iffsf] ;Gbe{ cGt{ut k|:t't ub{5 / oL lgb]{lzsfx?sf]

p2]Zo pko'Qm vfBdf clwsf/sf] a9f]Q/Lsf] cg'e"lt, ul/jL lgjf/0f, jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f tyf lbuf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;df of]ubfg lbg' /x]sf] 5 .

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ef]urng, :jfldTj / clwsf/sf] zf;g Joj:yf