Flavour Physics at the High-Energy Frontier

FlaviaNet meeting in honour of Chris Sachrajda

John Ellis

Open Questions beyond the Standard Model

• What is the origin of particle masses?due to a Higgs boson? + other physics?solution at energy < 1 TeV (1000 GeV)

• Why so many flavours of matter particles?mixing and CP violation?

• Unification of the fundamental forces?at very high energy ~ 1016 GeV?probe directly via neutrino physics, indirectly via masses, couplings

• Quantum theory of gravity?(super)string theory: extra space-time dimensions?

LHC

LHC

LHC

LHC

High-pT Physics Meets Flavour

• The major particle physics objectives of the LHC– ATLAS, CMS, LHCb

• Good reasons to expect new physics at the TeV scale:– Higgs, naturalness, dark matter

• No clue where flavour physics originates

• What is flavour structure of TeV physics?

• How to reveal it?– Combine direct and indirect approaches

At what Energy is the New Physics?

A lot accessibleto the LHC

Some accessibleonly indirectly

Dark matter

Origin of mass

Where is the physics of flavour?

The Dogs that did (not) Bark

• In the quark sector:– CKM model describes perfectly (?) the available

data on quark mixing and CP violation– Passes consistency tests

• In the lepton sector:– MNS model describes neutrino mixing– No consistency tests– Muon anomalous magnetic moment may suggest

new physics at the TeV scale

Flavour and CP Violation

- CKM model successful atpresent

- A pillar of the Standard Model

- What lies beyond it?

Quo Vadisg - 2?

• Older e+e- data show discrepancy– now 3.4

• Disagreement with decay data– Discrepancy ~ 2

• New BABAR e+e- data agree poorly with previous e+e- data– Intermediate between e+e- and

decay data

• Combination with previous e+e- data yield discrepancy ~ 3.1

Astronomers tell us that most of the matter in the universe is invisible

We will look for it

with the LHC

Dark Matter in the Universe

Astronomers saythat most of thematter in theUniverse isinvisible Dark Matter

LSP ? LKP ? LTP ?

We shall look for them with the

LHC

Dark Matter in the Universe

Relics leaving thermal equilibrium in early Universeprovide cold dark matter if mass ~ (2.7 K Mplanck)1/2 ~ TeV

• Particles + spartners

• 2 Higgs doublets, coupling μ, ratio of v.e.v.’s = tan β• Unknown supersymmetry-breaking parameters:

Scalar masses m0, gaugino masses m1/2, trilinear soft couplings Aλ, bilinear soft coupling Bμ

• Assume universality? constrained MSSM = CMSSMSingle m0, single m1/2, single Aλ, Bμ: not string?

• Not the same as minimal supergravity (mSUGRA)• Gravitino mass, additional relations

m3/2 = m0, Bμ = Aλ – m0

Minimal Supersymmetric Extension of Standard Model (MSSM)

Minimal Flavour Violation (MFV)

• All squark mixing due to CKM matrix• Universal scalar masses at high scale for

sparticles with same quantum numbers• Parametrization:

• Maximally CP-violating MFV (MCPMFV) model has 19 parameters, of which 6 violate CP:

• Often assume universal ImMa, ImAf, but non-universality compatible with MFV: MCPMFV

JE + Lee + Pilaftsis: arXiv 0708.2079

Effects of CP Phases in MCPMFV

Renormalization

of phases Ino masses

Heavy Higgs masses

Bs mixing

J.E. + Lee + Pilaftsis: arXiv:0708.2078

Effects of CP Phases in MCPMFV

Bs

b s

Bu

Different

regions

allowed for

different

phases … … and hence

ACP in

b sJ.E. + Lee + Pilaftsis: arXiv:0708.2078

• Expand scalar mass2 matrices in complete basis derived from Yukawa couplings:

where:

• Use RGEs to study magnitudes in MCPMFV• Use data to constrain coefficients

SupersymmetricFlavour Geometry

JE + Hodgkinson +Lee + Pilaftsis: arXiv 0911.3611

Current Constraints on CMSSM

WMAP constraint on relic density

Excluded because stau LSP

Excluded by b s gamma

Preferred (?) by latest g - 2

Assuming the lightest sparticleis a neutralino

JE + Olive + Santoso + Spanos

Non-Universal Scalar Masses

• Different sfermions with same quantum #s?e.g., d, s squarks?disfavoured by upper limits on flavour-

changing neutral interactions

• Squarks with different #s, squarks and sleptons?disfavoured in various GUT models

e.g., dR = eL, dL = uL = uR = eR in SU(5), all in SO(10)

• Non-universal susy-breaking masses for Higgses?No reason why not!

NUHM

NUHM1

Best-Fit Spectra

CMSSM

O.Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:0808.4128

Spectra with likely Ranges

O.Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:0907.5568

Likelihood Function for Higgs Mass

CMSSM NUHM1

O.Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:0907.5568

How Soon Might the CMSSM be Detected?

O.Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:0808.4128

How Soon Might the NUHM1 be Detected?

O.Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:0808.4128

g - 2 b s

Sensitivities to Constraints

O.Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:0808.4128

What Happens if g - 2 Dropped?

Solid lines: with g - 2

Dashed lines: without g - 2

Focus-point still disfavoured, e.g., by mWO.Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:0907.5568

NUHM1CMSSM

Correlation between Gluino & Squark Masses

CMSSM NUHM1

O.Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:0907.5568

Likelihood Function for Bs +-

CMSSM NUHM1

O.Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:0907.5568

Standard Model prediction

Can the LHC find heavier Higgs Bosons?

CMSSM NUHM1

O.Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:0907.5568

Accessiblewith LHC

First 2009 Beam Circuits:Friday Nov. 20th @ 8.15pm

First LHC Collision in ATLAS

Two-Jet Event in CMS

Collision in LHCb

Colliding Beams @ 900 GeV

First LHC Physics Paper from ALICE

No Higgs yet!

Pseudo-rapidity distribution invariant mass distribution

No Supersymmetry

yet!

TPC

ITS

TOF

34

Towards Heavy Flavours in ALICE

Towards Heavy Flavours in ATLAS

SPC263, December 14, 2009 36

Towards Heavy Flavours in CMS

Ks

Towards Heavy Flavours in LHCb

Ks

Without

VELO

With

VELO

Colliding Beams @ 2.36 TeV

First 2.36 TeV Collision in ATLAS

No Black Holes yet!CMS 4-Jet Event @ 2.36 TeV

pT(m1) = 3.6 GeV, pT(m2) = 2.6 GeV, m(mm)= 3.04 GeVpT(m1) = 3.6 GeV, pT(m2) = 2.6 GeV, m(mm)= 3.04 GeV

CMS Experiment at the LHC, CERNDate Recorded: 2009-12-14 04:46 CETRun/Event: 124120/5686693Candidate Dimuon Event at 2.36 TeV

Even Heavier Flavour in CMS?

16 Bunches per Beam

Elastic Scattering Cross Sections

NUHM1CMSSM

O.Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:0907.5568

Likelihood Function for Spin-Independent Dark Matter Scattering

CMSSM NUHM1

O.Buchmueller, JE et al: arXiv:0907.5568

Conversation with Mrs Thatcher: 1982

What do you do?

Think of things for the experiments to look

for, and hope they find something different

Wouldn’t it be better if they

found what

you predicted?

Then we would not learn anything!