flash eurobarometer 386 - european...

Flash Eurobarometer 386

THE EURO AREA

REPORT

Fieldwork: October 2013

Publication: November 2013

This survey has been requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs and co-ordinated by Directorate-General for Communication.

This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.

Flash Eurobarometer 386 - TNS Political & Social

Flash Eurobarometer 386

The euro area

Conducted by TNS Opinion & Social at the request of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic

and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)

Survey co-ordinated by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication

(DG COMM “Research and Speechwriting” Unit)

FLASH EUROBAROMETER 386 “The euro area”

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 3

MAIN FINDINGS ................................................................................................. 5

1. SUPPORT FOR THE EURO ........................................................................... 8

1.1. The impact of the euro on the country ................................................ 8

1.2. The impact of the euro on the European Union .................................. 11

1.3. The euro and European identity ........................................................ 14

2. EURO COINS AND BANKNOTES ................................................................ 17

2.1. Recognising and handling euro coins ................................................ 17

2.2. Difficulties with euro coins ................................................................ 20

2.3. Satisfaction with the current selection of euro coins ......................... 22

2.4. Recognising and handling euro banknotes ........................................ 27

3. THE EURO AS A MENTAL BENCHMARK FOR PRICE CALCULATIONS .......... 29

3.1. Exceptional purchases ....................................................................... 30

3.2. Common purchases ........................................................................... 32

3.3. The usefulness of dual price displays in Estonia ................................ 34

4. THE EURO’S IMPACT ON TRAVEL ............................................................. 37

4.1. Travelling abroad .............................................................................. 37

4.2. International usefulness of the euro ................................................. 40

5. MACROECONOMIC ASSESSMENTS ............................................................ 48

5.1. The economic coordination in the euro area ...................................... 48

5.2. Last year’s inflation rate ................................................................... 51

5.3. Expectation of this year’s inflation rate ............................................. 52

5.4. Price increases in Estonia in the changeover period .......................... 55


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6. ECONOMIC REFORM................................................................................. 57

6.1. Underlying attitudes towards economic reform ................................. 57

6.2. Evaluation of sectorial reforms ......................................................... 67

6.3. Evaluation of importance of reforms ................................................. 71

7. PERSONAL ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ............................................................. 79

ANNEXES Technical specifications Questionnaire Tables


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INTRODUCTION

The euro is the official currency in 17 member states of the EU: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. These countries are collectively known as the euro area or the eurozone. Estonia is the country that has joined the euro area most recently, in January 2011.

Euro coins and banknotes were launched in 2002, and euro is now the currency of around 332 million1 people within Europe. The European Commission has repeatedly measured changes in public perception of the euro in the euro area countries. This report presents results from the latest wave of one such survey. The original survey, in March 2000 (Flash EB 76), dealt with respondents’ expectations about the euro. Subsequent waves of this survey have been adapted to include additional measurements, reflecting the expansion of the euro area into new countries.

The current wave of the study surveyed respondents in the euro area about a range of topics including:

・ Perceptions of and support for the euro

・ Practical use of the euro: handling coins and banknotes

・ The use of the euro as a mental benchmark for making calculations when making purchases

・ The euro’s impact on travel

・ Macroeconomic assessments

・ Economic policy and reforms in the euro area

・ Perceptions of current and future household income.

This survey was carried out by TNS Opinion & Social network in the 17 euro area countries between 07 and 09 October 2013. Some 15,528 respondents from different social and demographic groups were interviewed by telephone in their mother tongue on behalf of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN). The methodology used is that of Eurobarometer surveys as carried out by the Directorate-General for Communication (“Research and Speechwriting” Unit)2.. A technical note on the manner in which interviews were conducted by the Institutes within the TNS Opinion & Social network is appended as an annex to this report. Also included are the interview methods and confidence intervals3.

1 http://www.ecb.int/mopo/eaec/html/index.en.html 2 http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm 3 The results tables are included in the annex. It should be noted that the total of the percentages in the tables of this report may exceed 100% when the respondent has the possibility of giving several answers to the question.


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Note: In this report, countries are referred to by their official abbreviation. The abbreviations used in this report correspond to:

ABBREVIATIONS BE Belgium LU Luxembourg DE Germany MT Malta EE Estonia NL The Netherlands EL Greece AT Austria ES Spain PT Portugal FR France SI Slovenia IE Ireland SK Slovakia IT Italy FI Finland CY Republic of Cyprus* EUROZ Euro Area

* Cyprus as a whole is one of the 28 European Union Member States. However, the ‘acquis communautaire’ has been suspended in the part of the country which is not controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. For practical reasons, only the interviews carried out in the part of the country controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus are included in the ‘CY’ category and in the Euro Area average.

* * * * *

We wish to thank the people throughout the euro area countries who have given their time to take part in this survey. Without their active participation, this study would not

have been possible.


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MAIN FINDINGS

Support for the euro

More than half (57%) of those living in the euro area regard the euro as a good thing for their country.

A higher proportion of respondents say that the euro is a good thing for the EU (68%).

Around a quarter (24%) of respondents says that having the euro makes them feel more European.

Euro coins and banknotes

A large majority of respondents (94%) say that euro banknotes are easy to distinguish and handle.

More than three-quarters of respondents (77%) say that they find euro coins easy to distinguish and handle.

The 2-cent (70%) and 1-cent (62%) coins are the most often mentioned by respondents who experienced difficulties. In addition, almost half (49%) mentions the 5-cent coin, 39% mention the 20-cent coin and 31% the 10-cent coin.

Almost two-thirds (63%) say that there is just the right number of denominations of euro coins, 30% say there are too many, and 4% say there are not enough.

The 1-cent and 2-cent coins are the ones that respondents would most likely remove (89% and 83% respectively).

The euro as a mental benchmark for price calculations

Almost two-thirds (68%) rely solely on the euro for calculating prices when making common purchases. Conversely, almost a quarter (24%) mention they still convert these prices to their old national currency.

However, when respondents calculate the cost of exceptional purchases, just half (50%) rely on the euro and two in five (41%) still convert the cost of these purchases to their former national currency.

A majority of respondents in four countries are still reliant on their former currency when purchasing exceptional items: Malta (61%), Slovakia (57%), Belgium (55%) and Spain (51%). This compares to just 7% in Ireland.

The more respondents use their own currency to convert to the euro for exceptional purchases, the more likely they are to do so for common purchases.

Three-quarters of respondents in Estonia (76%) say that it is not useful for shopkeepers to continue to display prices in both the old and new currency (+ 27 percentage points since 2011) and just 23% say that they still find it useful.


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The euro’s impact on travel

Half of all respondents (50%) across the euro area mention travelling outside their own country at least once a year. This ranges from 89% of respondents in Luxembourg to 29% of respondents in Greece.

Just under three-quarters of respondents (73%) say that the euro makes it easier to compare prices in different EU countries.

Just under half (48%) say the euro has made travelling easier and less costly.

29% of respondents say that the euro has reduced banking charges when they are in EU countries.

Unsurprisingly, respondents who travel abroad at least once a year are more likely to say that the euro has made price comparisons easier when travelling (86%), that it has made travelling easier and less costly (58%) and that banking charges when travelling abroad have been reduced (36%).

Macroeconomic assessments

Nearly three quarters (72%) of respondents think that there should be more coordination of economic policy, including budgetary policies, amongst euro area governments. This view is held by the majority of respondents in all countries although to a lesser extend in Estonia (43%).

Six in ten (61%) of respondents in the euro area are able to correctly estimate their country’s inflation rate for last year.

Those living in the euro area remain pessimistic about inflation, with a relative majority (43%) expecting it to increase in 2012, however 37% expect it to stay the same.

More than nine out of ten respondents in Estonia (93%) think prices have increased during the changeover period.

Economic reform

79% of respondents think that there is a need for significant reforms to improve economic performance, and 76% think that governments need to save more today to prepare public finances for ageing populations.

72% say economic reforms would be more effective if carried out in a coordinated way at EU level.

50% think that successful reforms in other euro area countries have facilitated reforms in their country.

71% disagree that the retirement age should be increased.


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21% say labour market reforms have had a negative impact on their national economy.

The majority of respondents think it is important their national government introduces reforms to increase growth and employment, particularly on the labour market (93%), the health system (89%), the education (88%) and the pension system (87%).

Personal Economic Outlook

Thinking about the change in their household income since last year, respondents are fairly evenly divided between those who say their income remained the same (43%) and those who say it decreased (39%).

When asked to look to the future, respondents are more positive; a little over half (54%) anticipate that their household income will stay the same, and 27% that it will decrease.


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1. SUPPORT FOR THE EURO

This first section assesses the extent to which those living in the euro area feel that the euro is a good thing for their country and for the EU as a whole. It also investigates the impact of the euro on their sense of European identity.

1.1. The impact of the euro on the country

Views on whether or not the euro is a good thing for their country are slightly more positive than last year

More than half (57%) of those living in the euro area regard the euro as a good thing for their country. On the other hand, one in three (33%) says that it is a bad thing, while 7% say that they can't decide if it is good or bad.

These findings represent a positive shift in opinion since the last wave in 2012 when 55% described the euro as a good thing and 35% said that it is a bad thing.

With the exception of Portugal and the Republic of Cyprus, more than half of respondents in each of the countries in the euro area say that having the euro is good for their country. Respondents in Ireland (72%), Luxembourg (70%) and Finland (69%) are particularly likely to say that the euro is a good thing, along with 65% of German respondents. Opinion is most negative in Portugal (46%) and the Republic of Cyprus (43%) where fewer than half describe it as a good thing for their country.


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Respondents living in Estonia are the most likely to be undecided about whether or not the euro is a good thing for their country (19%). This is notably higher than the euro area average of 7%.

Consequence of having the euro for the country

Socio-demographic analysis indicates that men are more likely than women to say that the euro is a good thing for their country (64% vs. 51%). There are also differences by age of respondent with 15-24 year olds most likely to say that the euro is a good thing for their country (65%), particularly compared with respondents aged 40-54 and 55+ (both 55%). In addition, the longer a respondent stayed in education, the more likely they are to say the euro is a good thing for their country. Those who are either still studying (72%) or left education aged 20+ (67%) are particularly positive about the effect the euro is having on their country compared with those who left education at 15 (38%) or between 16 and 19 (51%). Furthermore, people living in large towns (61%) are more likely to say the euro is a good thing for their country than those who are living somewhere less urban: living in a small or mid-size town 57% and rural village 55%. It is also the case that respondents who are employees (64%) or self-employed (61%) are more likely than those who are not working (55%) or are manual workers (39%) to be positive about the euro. Three in four (75%) of those who think that having the euro is a good thing for the EU say that it is also a good thing for their country. In comparison, 16% of those who say that having the euro is a bad thing for the EU say it is a good thing for their country.


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1.2. The impact of the euro on the European Union

Just over two thirds of those living in the euro area think the euro is a good thing for the EU

Just over two thirds (68%) of those living in the euro area say that the euro is a good thing for the EU. Over a fifth (22%) think the euro is a bad thing for the EU, while 5% are undecided and 5% do not know.

Once again, for the third consecutive year, the proportion of respondents saying that it is a good thing for the EU has not changed. However, there has been a slight decrease in those who say it is a bad thing (22% vs. 24% in 2012).

A majority of respondents in each country consider the euro to be a good thing for the EU. Opinion is particularly positive in Ireland (77%), with seven in ten or more respondents in Luxembourg (72%), Finland, Spain and Malta (all 71%) and Germany (70%) saying that the euro is a good thing for the EU. On the other hand, the Republic of Cyprus is least likely to describe the euro as a good thing for the EU (54%), with 28% saying that it is a bad thing. Other countries with a higher than average proportion of respondents describing the euro as a bad thing are Belgium (29%) and the Netherlands (28%). Respondents in Estonia are once again the most likely to say they cannot decide (20%).


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Consequence of having the euro for the EU

Socio-demographic analysis highlights that, as for the question about the impact on their country, men are more likely than women to say that the euro is good for the EU (72% vs. 65%). Younger people aged 15-24 are also most likely to say that it is a good thing (73%), followed by those aged 25-39 (70%).

Furthermore, the longer a respondent remained in education, the more likely they are to say that the euro is a good thing for the EU. For example, 77% of those who are still studying and 76% of those who left education aged 20+ describe the euro as a good thing for the EU, compared with 53% of those who left at 15 and 64% of those who left aged 16-19.

Respondents living in large towns are the most likely to say the euro is a good thing for the EU (70%), compared to those living in small/mid-sized towns and rural villages (both 68%). In addition, employees (73%) and the self-employed (72%) are most likely to say that the euro is a good thing for the EU; just 55% of manual workers and 66% of those who are not working think it is a good thing.

Nine out of ten of those who think that having the euro is a good thing for their country say that it is also a good thing for the EU. In comparison, 35% of those who say that having the euro is a bad thing for their country say it is a good thing for the EU.


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1.3. The euro and European identity

Just under a quarter of respondents say that having the euro makes them feel more European

Around one quarter (24%) of respondents say that having the euro makes them feel more European, which is exactly the same as at the previous wave and very similar to the finding for the last six waves of the survey. Once again, 74% say that the euro does not have an impact in terms of making them feel more European.

Respondents living in Malta (38%), Ireland (35%) and Italy (33%) are the most likely to say that the euro makes them feel more European. On the other hand, respondents in Greece (14%) and the Netherlands (16%) are the least likely to say the euro has made them feel more European. Findings for Estonian respondents are very similar to those for the euro area overall; 25% say the euro has made them feel more European.


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The euro and European identity

The socio-demographic analysis demonstrates that men are more likely to say that the euro makes them feel more European (28% vs. 21% of women). Similarly, those aged 54 and under (26%) are more likely than those aged 55+ (21%) to say that it makes them feel more European.

Furthermore, the longer a respondent remained in education, the more likely they are to say that the euro makes them feel European. For example, 28% of those who are still studying and 31% of those who left education at 20+ feel more European as a result of the euro, compared with 14% of those who left education at 15 and 20% of those who left aged 16-19.

Following the trend of earlier questions, respondents living in large towns, employed people and the self-employed are the most likely to express positive views and say that the euro makes them feel more European (all 28%).


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2. EURO COINS AND BANKNOTES

This section examines attitudes to euro notes and coins, in particular the ease with which those in the euro area recognise and handle them, as well as their overall level of satisfaction with them.

2.1. Recognising and handling euro coins

More than three quarters find it easy to distinguish and handle euro coins

More than three-quarters of respondents (77%) say that they find euro coins easy to distinguish and handle. On the other hand, one in five (21%) says that they are difficult to distinguish and handle.

Overall since 2003 the proportion who says that it is easy to distinguish and handle euro coins has generally increased. The exceptions are the period 2009 and 2010 when the proportion decreased from 78% in 2008 to 72% in 2010. At the current wave there has been a small downward shift of 1 percentage point in the proportion describing them as easy to distinguish and handle compared with the last wave in 2012.


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A majority of respondents in each country describe euro coins as easy to distinguish and handle. Those living in Portugal (95%), Finland (92%), Greece (92%) and Spain (91%) are particularly likely to describe euro coins as distinguishable and easy to use. Although views are generally positive, in some countries a quarter or more of respondents describe euro coins as difficult to distinguish and handle: Estonia, the country that most recently adopted the euro (32%), Germany (30%), France (30%), the Netherlands (29%), Slovakia (29%), Belgium (27%) and Austria (25%). It is important to note however that even though nearly a third of Estonians expressed a negative view of euro coins, 61% said that they are easy to distinguish and handle, which is similar to the finding at the last wave (63%).

Recognising and handling the euro coins

Socio-demographic analysis shows that women report the most difficulty in distinguishing and handling euro coins (24% vs. 19% of men). Furthermore as age increases, so does the percentage who say that it is difficult to distinguish and handle euro coins: 9% of those aged 15-24 say this, compared to 25% of those age 40-54 and 29% of those aged 55+. Views are also more negative among those who think the euro is a bad thing for their country and/or the EU. More than one in four (27%) of those who say that the euro is bad for their country and 29% of those who think the euro is bad for the EU also say that it is difficult to distinguish and handle euro coins.


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2.2. Difficulties with euro coins

The lower denomination coins are the most difficult to distinguish and handle

Those respondents who experience difficulties distinguishing and handling euro coins were asked which coins cause the most problems for them. They are most likely to say that the 2-cent (70%) and 1-cent (62%) coins cause difficulties, although almost half (49%) mention the 5-cent coin, 39% mention the 20-cent coin and 31% the 10-cent coin. Fewer experience difficulties with the 50-cent coin (23%), the 1-euro (12%) and 2-euro coins (11%).

It is worth noting that fewer respondents in the current wave say that they have difficulties with the 20-cent coin (39% vs. 43% at the last wave) and the 50-cent coin (23% vs. 27% at the last wave). On the other hand, there has been an increase of two percentage points in those saying that they find the 1-cent and 2-euro coins difficult.

Respondents in most euro countries cite the two smallest denomination coins as the more difficult to use. Four in five or more respondents in Luxembourg (89%), Slovakia (85%), Belgium (82%), France (81%) and Italy (80%) mention the 2-cent coin and this pattern is very similar for the 1-cent coin. In fact the 2-cent coin is most cited in ten countries and the 1-cent coin is most mentioned in five euro countries. As in previous waves of the survey, views are quite different in the Netherlands and Finland where nearly four in five respondents say they have difficulties with the 20-cent euro coin (79% and 78% respectively).


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It is also worth noting that respondents in Greece are particularly likely to mention the 5-cent coin (61%) and respondents in Slovenia are particularly unlikely to cite the 10-cent, 20-cent, 50-cent, 1-euro and 2-euro coins.

Difficulties with euro coins

Socio-demographic analysis demonstrates that men are more likely than women to say that they have difficulties with the 1-cent, 5-cent, 20-cent and 50-cent coins. The views of different age groups are fairly similar, although respondents aged 40+ are the most likely to say they experience difficulties with the 20 and 50-cent euro coins. Interestingly, respondents’ views of whether or not the euro is a good thing for their country and the EU do not seem to influence their attitudes to individual coins. For example 43% of those who think the euro is a good thing for their country also say that they have difficulty with the 20-cent coin compared with 34% of those who think the euro is a bad thing.


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2.3. Satisfaction with the current selection of euro coins

More than three in five consider there is just the right number of euro coins

When respondents were asked for their views on the number of denominations of euro coins, 63% say that there is just the right number, 30% say there are too many, and 4% say there are not enough.

Overall the proportion of euro area respondents who think there is just the right number of euro coins has been steadily increasing since 2003, however, at the current survey fewer respondents say that it is about right (63% vs. 66% in 2012) and more say that there are too many (30% vs. 26% in 2012).

Most euro area countries think that there is just the right number of different euro coin denominations. Finland is the country most likely to be happy with the current number of denominations (88%), followed by Slovenia (73%) and Portugal (72%). At the other end of the scale, slightly fewer than half of respondents from Belgium (45%), Ireland (48%), Slovakia (49%) and Austria (49%) say there is just the right number of denominations of euro coins. It is also worth noting that exactly half of respondents in Estonia say that the current number of denominations is just right while 43% say that there are too many.


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The chart below shows the findings for those who said ‘just the right number’ for the last two years. Notable decreases in the percentage of respondents saying that there are just the right amount of euro coins can be seen in Ireland (-14 percentage points) and Austria (-11 percentage points). In contrast, there have been smaller, but still notable, increases in the percentage of respondents saying that there are just the right amount of euro coins in the Republic of Cyprus (+8 percentage points) and Italy (+6 percentage points).

In terms of socio-demographic analysis women are more likely than men to say that there is the right number of denominations (64% vs. 62%). The youngest respondents and those who are still studying are also particularly positive with 71% of 15-24 year olds and 72% of students saying that there is the right number of euro coins.

Self-employed respondents are least likely to say that there is just the right number of euro coins (58%) compared with 64% of those not working and 63% of both employees and manual workers.

Respondents with positive views about the effect of the Euro on their country are more likely to say there is just the right number of euro coins when compared to those who think the euro is a bad thing for their country (65% vs. 60%). This trend also applies to those who think the euro is a good thing for the EU (64% v. 59%).


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Those respondents who say that there are too many denominations of euro coins were asked whether they think any should be removed, and if so, which ones. The 1-cent and 2-cent euro stand out as the coins that respondents would most like to be removed and are mentioned by 89% and 83% respectively. Both are mentioned by a similar proportion of respondents as last year. In direct contrast to the last wave, fewer respondents now say that they would like the 5-cent, 10-cent, 20-cent, ands 1-euro coins to be removed.


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Which Euro coins should be removed? 2012-2013

Respondents in 14 countries are most likely to nominate the 1-cent euro for removal. In 12 of these countries more than nine in ten name the 1-cent coin, with almost all Maltese (98%) and Irish (97%) respondents nominating it. More than nine in ten respondents in Luxembourg (93%) cite the 2-cent coin, while a particularly high proportion of respondents in Finland would like to see the 5-cent coin removed (84%). Respondents living in Finland are also the most likely across Europe to mention the 10-cent coin (27%), while respondents in Greece are more likely than others to say that the 1-euro, 2-euro and 50-cent coins should be removed (15%, 21% and 3% respectively).


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Base: those who answered there are “too many” coins with different values, % EURO AREA

Socio demographic analysis doesn’t show notable differences.


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2.4. Recognising and handling euro banknotes

Over nine in ten people in the euro area say that it is easy to recognise and handle euro banknotes

A large majority of respondents (94%) say that euro banknotes are easy to distinguish and handle; just 4% describe them as difficult in this regard. This is exactly the same result as in the previous wave, and in general there have only been small changes in this measure since 2003.

In 14 countries nine in ten or more respondents say that euro banknotes are easy to distinguish and handle. The most positive views are to be found in Finland (98%) and Greece (97%), while respondents living in Slovakia, Estonia, and Slovenia are a little less likely to describe them as easy (86%, 87% and 88%). It is worth noting that a higher than average proportion of respondents in Estonia (6%) say that they find euro banknotes neither easy nor difficult to distinguish and handle.


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Recognising and handling the euro bank notes

Socio-demographic analysis shows that once again men are most positive with 95% saying the euro bank notes are easy to distinguish and handle compared with 94% of women. Those aged 55+ are the least likely to say that it is easy to distinguish and handle euro notes, particularly compared to those aged 15-39 (92% vs. 96%). Furthermore, those who completed their education prior to age 16 and those who are manual workers are less likely than their counterparts to be able to distinguish and handle euro notes (89% and 91% respectively).


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3. THE EURO AS A MENTAL BENCHMARK FOR PRICE CALCULATIONS

This section explores the extent to which the euro has replaced national currencies as a mental benchmark for calculating prices. The usefulness of displaying prices in euros and the national currency during the transition period in Estonia is also discussed.

Respondents living in the euro area are less likely than at the last wave to convert from euros to their former currency when making all types of purchases

Almost seven in ten respondents (68%) do not tend to convert from euros to their former currency when making common purchases, while around one in five (24%) say that they still convert these prices to their old national currency. The proportion of respondents who rely solely on the euro for calculating prices on common purchases has increased since the last wave by 4 percentage points.

However, when respondents calculate the cost of exceptional purchases just half (50%) rely on the euro and two in five (41%) still convert the cost of these purchases to their former national currency. This represents a shift since the last wave in 2012 when 48% of respondents just used the euro for their calculations and 45% still converted their purchases to their former currency.

The euro as a mental benchmark for price calculations


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3.1. Exceptional purchases

A majority of respondents in four countries are still reliant on their former currency when purchasing exceptional items: Malta (61%), Slovakia (57%), Belgium (55%) and Spain (51%).

Respondents in Ireland are the most likely to rely solely on the euro (89%). However, two thirds or more of those in the Republic of Cyprus (69%), Finland (68%), Greece (66%) and Slovenia (66%) are also able to rely just on the euro.

It is worth noting that the proportion of respondents in Estonia who rely solely on the euro has increased significantly since the last wave of the survey, from 31% to 44% in 2013.

Exceptional purchases such as the purchase of a car or a house for example

Socio-demographic analysis reveals that men are more likely than women to use the euro as their benchmark when making exceptional purchases (55% vs. 46%). Younger respondents aged 15-24 are also most likely to solely rely on the euro (72%), particularly when compared with those aged 40-54 (44%) and 55+ (45%). Level of education would also seem to determine how respondents use the euro with those who left education later most able to rely solely on the euro: 79% of those still studying and 55% of those who left education aged 20+ compared with 38% of those who left education at 15+. It is also worth noting that the self-employed are the most likely to use the euro as a benchmark (57%), while manual workers are least likely (41%).

On the other hand, respondents living in rural villages are the most likely to convert exceptional purchases to their former currency (45%) compared with those in small/mid-size and large towns (40% and 38% respectively).


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Those who are positive towards the euro in terms of whether or not it is a good thing for their country or the EU are more likely than those who think it is a bad thing to use the euro as a benchmark when buying exceptional purchases. More than three in five (61%) of those who think that having the euro is a good thing for their country say they use the euro as a benchmark compared to 35% of those who say it is a bad thing. The same pattern applies for those who consider the euro a good thing for the EU (56% vs. 38%).


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3.2. Common purchases

A majority of respondents in every country rely solely on the euro when making common everyday purchases although this varies from a high of 92% of those in Ireland to 51% in Slovakia. A particularly high proportion of respondents also use the euro as their benchmark in Finland (84%) and Republic of Cyprus (83%).

In contrast, respondents in Slovakia are particularly likely to say that they usually convert from euros into their old currency (40%). It is also worth noting that nearly seven in ten respondents in Estonia (69%) say that they usually don’t convert from euros into their old national currency while 19% do still convert.

Common purchases such as day-to-day shopping

Socio-demographic analysis reveals that once again men are more likely than women to use the euro as their benchmark when making everyday purchases (72% vs. 65%). Younger respondents aged 15-24 are also most likely to solely rely on the euro (85%), particularly when compared with those aged 40-54 (65%) and 55+ (63%). Level of education would also seem to determine how respondents use the euro day-to-day, with those who left education later most able to rely solely on the euro: 90% of those still studying and 74% of those who left education aged 20+ compared with 54% of those who left education at 15+.

It is also worth noting that those who are employed are the most likely to use the euro as a benchmark (71%), while manual workers are least likely (62%). Respondents living in large towns are the most likely to use the euro as a benchmark for buying everyday items (72%) compared with those in small/mid-size (68%) and rural villages (67%).

Once again, those who are positive towards the euro in terms of whether or not it is a good thing for their country or the EU are more likely than those who think it is a bad thing to solely rely on the euro when making everyday purchases.


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Nearly four in five (79%) of those who think that having the euro is a good thing for their country say that they use the euro as a benchmark compared to 51% of those who say it is a bad thing. The same pattern applies for those who consider the euro a good thing for the EU (75% vs. 51%).


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The graph below plots respondents’ reliance on their own currency to convert prices to the euro when making exceptional purchases against when they buy everyday items. It demonstrates that there is a relationship between the two and that those who still use their own currency to convert to the euro for exceptional purchases are also more likely to do so for common purchases.

3.3. The usefulness of dual price displays in Estonia

Respondents in Estonia are increasingly more likely to say that they are comfortable with just having euro prices displayed

Since Estonia joined the euro in 2011 respondents in Estonia have been asked a separate question about the usefulness of having prices displayed in both the euro and the former national currency. As the chart below illustrates, every year respondents in Estonia become more comfortable with just having euro prices displayed. In fact, now three-quarters (76%) say that it is not useful for shopkeepers to continue to display prices in both the old and new currency (+ 27 percentage points since 2011) and just 23% say that they still find it useful (- 25 percentage points since 2011).


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Socio-demographic analysis reveals that younger respondents aged 15-24 (30%) and 25-39 (28%) are most likely to say that they it would be useful to continue having dual display of prices. This is also the case for respondents who are still studying (34%) and those living in rural villages (29%). The self-employed are most likely to want a dual display of prices to continue (30%), while respondents who think the euro is a bad thing for their country are more likely to say they would like it to continue (35%), compared with those who say they euro is a good thing for their country (20%).


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4. THE EURO’S IMPACT ON TRAVEL

This section examines how often respondents travel abroad and the perceived impact of the euro on their travels in terms of price comparisons, ease of travel, costs and banking charges.

4.1. Travelling abroad

Half of respondents in the euro area travel abroad at least once a year

Half of all respondents (50%) across the euro area say they travel outside their own country at least once a year. This result is exactly the same as at the last wave.

Findings are not consistent across all countries. In fact there are wide variations, with those living in Luxembourg (89%), Slovenia (77%), the Netherlands (75%), Ireland (74%) and Belgium (72%) the most likely to travel abroad at least once a year. At the opposite end of the scale are respondents in Greece (29%) and respondents in Spain (33%).

Travelling at least once a year outside the country


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Although there are some small year-on-year changes in the amount people are travelling, none of them are statistically significant.

Socio-demographic analysis indicates that men are more likely than women to travel abroad at least once a year (55% vs. 46%). The most frequent travellers also tend to be younger respondents aged 15-24 (63%), those who are either still studying (66%) or left education at 20+ (61%), those living in large towns (55%), those living in larger households of 4+ (58%), employees (60%) and the self-employed (64%).

In addition, respondents who think that having the euro is a good thing for their country are much more likely to say they travel outside their country at least once a year compared to those who say it is a bad thing (60% vs. 38%). The same pattern applies for those who consider the euro a good thing for the EU (55% vs. 43%).


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4.2. International usefulness of the euro

Respondents were asked a series of questions about their views of the euro when travelling abroad.

Three quarters say the euro has made it easier to compare prices in different countries

Just under three-quarters of respondents (73%) say that the euro makes it easier to compare prices in different EU countries; 16% say that it hasn’t made this any easier. Just under half (48%) say the euro has made travelling easier and less costly while almost two in five (38%) disagree with this statement. On the other hand, just 29% of respondents say that the euro has reduced banking charges when they are in EU countries, while 35% disagree that this is the case.

These findings are very similar as at the previous wave of the survey with the exception of ease of comparing prices when in different EU countries which has decreased by one percentage point.


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The following chart compares the results of all respondents with those of respondents who travel abroad at least once per year. It is interesting that the views of respondents who travel abroad at least annually are more positive than the total sample, which includes people who don’t travel abroad at least once a year. In each case, they are more likely to say that the euro has made price comparisons easier when travelling (86%), that it has made travelling easier and less costly (58%) and that banking charges when travelling abroad have been reduced (36%).

A high majority of those living in Ireland (81%) say that travelling abroad is easier and less costly with the euro. More than three in five respondents in Malta (69%) and in Finland (62%) respondents agree that the euro has a positive effect on the cost and ease of travelling.

Italy is the only country where respondents are more likely to say that the euro has not made travelling easier (45% vs. 37% ‘Yes’). Views in Greece, France and Slovenia are split fairly evenly between those who think it has got easier and less costly and those who do not.

A majority of respondents in Estonia (54%) say that travelling is easier and less costly since the euro, however 18% disagree and a high of 28% say that they do not know.


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The euro has made travelling easier and less costly

The chart below shows that there are only four significant changes in the results since the last wave. Respondents in Malta and Estonia are now more likely to say that the euro has made travelling easier and less costly (+ 12 and +7 percentage points respectively). However, fewer respondents in Luxembourg now say that the euro has made travelling easier and less costly compared to 2012 (-5 percentage points).


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In every country in the euro area two in three or more respondents say that the euro has made it easier to compare prices when travelling in different EU countries. More than nine in ten respondents in Ireland (91%) say this, as do eight in ten or more respondents in Malta (85%), Luxembourg (84%), the Netherlands (81%) and Finland (80%). At the other end of the scale, just two in three respondents in Slovakia (65%), Estonia (66%) and France (66%) say that the euro has made it easier to compare prices when travelling in different EU countries. In fact 29% of those in France say that the euro has not made it easier to compare prices when travelling.

It is worth noting that almost three in ten respondents in Estonia (28%) say they do not know whether is easier to compare prices when travelling in different EU countries.

The euro has made it easier for you to compare prices when in different EU countries


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There are a few significant changes in the findings by country since the last wave of the survey. Those in Greece and Slovenia are now less likely to say that the euro has made it easier to compare prices when travelling in different EU countries (-4 percentage points), while respondents in Belgium and Malta are more likely to say this (both +4 percentage points).

The chart below shows that a significant proportion of respondents in each euro area country are unable to assess whether the euro has reduced banking charges when travelling. In fact, in Estonia nearly three-quarters of respondents (74%) are unable to answer the question.

It also shows that Malta is the only country where a majority of respondents (60%) think that the euro has reduced banking charges when travelling in other EU countries. In contrast, 45% of respondents in France think that the euro has not reduced these banking charges.


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The euro has reduced banking charges when travelling in different EU

countries

Comparing the findings for the countries in the euro area with those from the last wave of the survey shows that Slovakia is the only country that has seen a significant increase in the proportion saying that the euro has reduced banking charges when travelling to different EU countries (+ 5 percentage points). On the other hand, in Greece (-5 percentage points), the Netherlands (-5 percentage points) and Ireland (- 5 percentage points) there have been decreases in the proportion saying that the euro has reduced banking charges.

It is also worth noting that there has been an increase in the proportion of respondents in the Republic of Cyprus who say that the euro has not reduced banking charges when travelling to other EU countries (+5 percentage points).


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Socio-demographic analysis illustrates some clear patterns across each of the three benefits of travelling within the euro area. Men are significantly more likely to be positive about each of the three benefits. For example 33% of men say the euro has reduced banking charges when travelling in different countries compared with 25% of women. Age also seems to determine respondents’ attitudes to the usefulness of the euro when travelling in the euro area. Respondents aged 55+ are the least likely to say the euro has made it easier to compare prices when travelling (65%), or that the euro has reduced banking charges when travelling (24%).

It is also the case for each of the three benefits that those who are still in education or left at 20+ are most likely to be positive about them. For example 86% of those who are still studying and 83% of those who left education aged 20+ agree that the euro has made it easier for them to compare prices when in different EU countries, compared with 51% of those who left education at 15 and 69% of those who left between the ages of 16 and 19. Similarly, employees and the self-employed are more likely to be positive about each of the three benefits than manual workers and those who are not working.

Respondents who believe that the euro is a positive thing for their country are more likely to agree with each of the statements about the benefits of the euro when travelling in the euro area. For example 59% of those who say the euro is a good thing for their country agree that the euro has made travelling easier and less costly, compared to 31% of those who say the euro is bad for their country. This trend also applies when analysing the same benefit by those who think the euro is a good or bad thing for the EU (55% vs 32%). It is also the case that respondents who express positive views about the international benefits of one benefit are more likely to agree with the other two. For instance, 87% of respondents who say the euro makes travelling easier and less costly also think that it has made it easier to compare prices when in different EU countries, compared to 62% of those who say travelling is not easier or less costly.


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5. MACROECONOMIC ASSESSMENTS

This section of the report discusses the perceptions of the coordination of economic policy in the euro area as well as respondents’ perceptions and expectations linked to the inflation rate in their country. In addition, the perceived impact of the introduction of the euro on prices in Estonia will be reviewed.

5.1. The economic coordination in the euro area

Respondents were asked if they felt there was an appropriate amount of coordination of economic policy, including budgetary policies, within the euro area. Nearly, three quarters (72%) think that there should be more co-ordination of such policies. Fewer than one out of ten think there is currently an appropriate level of co-ordination (9%), while 8% say there should be less co-ordination of economic policy, including budgetary policies. Around one in ten (11%) are unsure.

There has been no significant change in opinion since the last wave of the survey.

Respondents in Finland are the most likely to say that there is already an appropriate level of coordination of economic policy, including budgetary policies in the euro area (22%), but even so 46% of respondents in Finland still think that there should be more coordination in this area.


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In fact, a majority of respondents in all countries think that there should be more coordination of economic policy, including budgetary policies. Respondents in Spain and Italy (both 83%) are the most likely to say this, followed by those in Portugal (82%) and Greece (81%). In contrast, just 43% of respondents in Estonia say the same. However, the latter also have high levels of uncertainty on this issue (37%), as do respondents in Malta (25%) and Finland (22%).

The economic coordination in the euro area

Socio-demographic analysis illustrates that respondents aged 25+ are more likely to say that there should be more coordination of economic policy (72% of 25-39 year olds, 73% of 40-54s and 72% of 55+) compared to those aged 15-24 (68%). Those who completed their education aged 16-19 (73%) and those who did so aged 20+ are also more likely to say there should be more co-ordination (74%). Respondents living in large and small/mid-size towns (both 73%) and employees, the self-employed and those not working (all 72%) are also more likely to say that there should be more coordination of economic policy in the euro area.

Respondents who think the euro is a good thing for their country are more likely to say there should be more co-ordination compared to those who say the euro is a bad thing for their country (74% vs. 68%). The same pattern applies for those who think the euro is a good or bad thing for the EU (75% vs. 67%).


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5.2. Last year’s inflation rate

The majority of respondents in the euro area place the inflation rate in their country at between 1.5% and 4% in 2012. A third (33%) say the inflation rate was between 1.5% and 2.5% and 28% say it was between 2.5% and 4%. Less than one in ten (7%) estimate that the 2012 inflation rate was below 1.5%, while 11% say it was considerably higher - between 4% and 10%. More than one out of ten (15%) are unable to give an estimate.

Given that the 2012 inflation rate for the 17 country euro area was 2.5%4, this means 61% of the euro area population chose a range that encompasses the correct inflation rate.

These results are broadly in line with the 2012 survey, where 32% estimated the 2011 inflation rate at between 1.5% and 2.5%, slightly fewer than three out of ten (28%) put inflation at between 2.5% and 4% and 14% said it was between 4% and 10%.

The chart below presents the results by country with the range corresponding to the 2012 annual inflation rate circled. In a number of countries respondents tend to overestimate the inflation rate in their country, and this is particularly the case for respondents in Greece (65%), Spain (45%) and Ireland (45%).

4 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=tec00118


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Respondents in Germany (47%), France (37%), Ireland (34%), Italy (31%) and Slovenia (30%) are most likely to correctly estimate their country's inflation rate in 2012, although none of these represent an absolute majority.

More than 40% of respondents in the Netherlands (47%), Finland, Belgium (both 45%), Estonia (44%), Austria (42%) and Luxembourg (41%) underestimate their 2012 inflation rate.

A substantial proportion of respondents are unable to assess the 2012 inflation rate in Cyprus (50%), Malta (39%), Estonia (31%), Greece (28%), Spain (28%), and Portugal (28%). Respondents in these countries also recorded high levels of uncertainty in the last wave of the survey.

5.3. Expectation of this year’s inflation rate

Those living in the euro area remain relatively pessimistic about inflation, with most expecting it to increase in 2012

Respondents were asked what they expected to happen to inflation this year. The majority (43%) expect it to increase, while 37% think it will remain the same, and 15% think it will be lower.


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These figures represent significant changes from those recorded in 2012 and 2011. For instance, in 2012 more than half (57%) expected inflation to increase (the same figure was also recorded on this measure in 2011), 28% thought it would stay the same, and one in ten (10%) thought it would decrease.

The majority of respondents in 9 countries think that the inflation rate will be higher in 2013 than it was in 2012. A half of respondents in Slovenia (52%) and Italy (50%) think this way, as do 48% of those living in Germany. In contrast, just a quarter (25%) of respondents in Malta think that the inflation rate will be higher in 2013. Respondents in Finland (48%), Austria (47%), and Luxembourg (46%) are the most likely to expect inflation to remain the same in 2013 as it was in 2012. Respondents in Spain (26%) and Greece (24%), on the other hand, are the most likely to expect inflation to fall in 2013.


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The inflation rate: expectation for the present year

The clear pattern shown in the following chart is that all of the 17 euro countries have recorded lower proportions of respondents that think that the inflation rate will be higher in 2013 than was the case in the previous wave asking about inflation rate expectation in 2012. The change in expectation between waves on this measure is particularly great in respondents from the following countries: Malta (-24 points), Spain (-23), Slovakia (-22), Portugal (-21) and Greece (-21).


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Socio-demographic analysis reveals the following differences. Women are more likely than men to expect inflation to be higher this year (48% vs. 38%). Younger people aged 15-24 (50%) and 25-39 (45%) are more likely to expect inflation to rise than those aged 40-54 (40%) or 55+ (42%). Those who think the euro is a bad thing for their country are more likely to expect inflation to increase (53% bad thing vs. 37% good thing) as are those who think the euro is a bad thing for the EU (55% bad thing vs. 39% good thing).

5.4. Price increases in Estonia in the changeover period

More than nine out of ten respondents in Estonia think prices have increased during the changeover period.

More than nine out of ten (93%) respondents in Estonia think the introduction of the euro has had an impact on prices during the changeover period. Seven in ten (70%) think that all prices have increased, while a further 23% think that prices in only some categories have increased. One in twenty (5%) thinks that prices have remained more or less the same.

This pattern of responding is very similar to the last wave in 2012 and also the wave before that in 2011. In both 2012 and 2011 64% said all prices had increased, while 27% said some prices had increased.


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6. ECONOMIC REFORM

This section examines respondents’ attitudes toward economic reforms in general as well as the positive and negative effects reforms have had on the national economy in various sectors. The perceived need for national governments to introduce reforms in a number of sectors in order to boost growth and employment is also considered.

6.1. Underlying attitudes towards economic reform

Attitudes to economic reforms are generally positive - with the marked exception of a reform to increase the retirement age

Respondents were given five statements about economic reform and asked the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with each one.

Almost eight out of ten agree that there is need for significant reform to improve economic performance (79%), and three quarters agree that governments need to save more now to prepare public finances for an ageing population (76%). Almost three quarters think that economic reforms would be more effective if they were implemented in a coordinated way at the EU level (72%).

In contrast respondents are most likely to disagree that successful reforms in other euro area countries have facilitated reforms in their own countries (50% disagree). Furthermore, respondents are strongly opposed to increasing the retirement age - 71% disagree with this idea, just a quarter (26%) agree.


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At least two thirds of respondents in each euro area country agree there is a need for significant reforms to improve economic performance. Around nine out of ten respondents in Italy (91%) and Cyprus (89%) think this way, as do 88% of those in Ireland. Respondents in Spain are the least likely to agree with this statement, but even so more than two thirds agree (67%).

There is a need for significant reforms to improve the performance of our economy

The higher the education level of the respondent, the more likely they are to agree that there is a need for significant reforms to improve economic performance. For example, 81% of those who completed their education aged 20+ and 85% of those still studying agree there is a need for economic reform, compared to 72% of those who completed education prior to age 16.

Manual workers (74%) are the least likely to agree when compared to other occupation groups, such as the self-employed (81%) or employees (80%). In addition, respondents who think the euro is a good thing for their country are more likely to agree than those who think the euro is a bad thing (84% vs. 71%). The same pattern applies for those who think the euro is a good thing for the EU (83% vs. 70%).


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There is much more variation in opinion between countries when it comes to whether successful reforms in other euro countries have facilitated reforms in their own country. Almost seven out of ten (68%) respondents in the Netherlands agree that this is the case, as do 66% of those in Belgium, 62% of those in Malta and 60% of those in Ireland. In contrast just 30% of respondents in Greece and Italy agree.

Six out of ten (59%) respondents in Greece disagree that successful reforms in other euro countries have facilitated reforms in their own country, as do 57% of respondents in Italy and 55% of respondents in Spain.


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I think successful reforms in other euro-area countries have facilitated reforms in our country

The older the respondent, the less likely they are to agree that successful reforms in other euro countries have facilitated reforms in their own country (15-24:51%, 55+:36%). Manual workers (32%) are also less likely to agree compared to other occupation groups such as the self-employed, for example (45%).

In addition, respondents who think the euro is a good thing for their country are more likely to agree than those who think the euro is a bad thing (47% vs. 28%). The same pattern applies for those who think the euro is a good thing for the EU (45% vs. 28%).


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There is majority support in all countries in the euro area for the idea that governments should be saving more now to prepare public finances for an ageing population. Nine out of ten respondents in Malta agree with this statement (91%), as do 87% of those in Ireland, 86% of those in Luxembourg and 85% of those in Belgium. Agreement is weakest in Greece and Spain, but even in these countries at least six out of ten are in agreement (62% and 66% respectively).


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Governments need to save more today in order to prepare public finances for the ageing of populations

Those that live in a large town (73%) are less likely to agree that governments should be saving more today than do those that live in a rural village (78%) or a small/medium sized town (77%).

Respondents who think the euro is a good thing for their country are more likely to agree that governments should be saving more now to prepare public finances for an ageing population compared to those who think the euro is a bad thing (80% vs. 72%). The same pattern applies for those who think the euro is a good thing for the EU (good thing: 79% vs. bad thing: 72%).


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The majority of respondents in all countries disagree that the retirement age should be increased to ensure the sustainability of the pension system. Four out of five (80%) of respondents in Slovakia, Spain and Italy, 79% of respondents in Germany, and 77% of respondents in Greece disagree that the retirement age should be increased. Almost half (48%) respondents in the Netherlands agree that the retirement age should be increased.

The retirement age should be increased to ensure sustainability of the pension system

Respondents who agree that the retirement age should be increased to ensure sustainability of the pension system are more likely to be:

male (29% male vs. 23% female)

aged 55+ (32%)

have the highest education levels (31% of those who completed education aged 20+ and 33% of those still studying)

be self-employed (29%) or not working (29%)

In addition, respondents who think the euro is a good thing for their country are more likely to agree that the retirement age should be raised (31% vs. 20% who say the euro is a bad thing). The same pattern applies for those who think the euro is a good thing for the EU (29% good thing vs. 19% bad thing).


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A majority of respondents in all euro area countries think that economic reforms would be more effective if they are carried out in a coordinated way at EU level. Eight out of ten respondents in Italy (80%) agree with this statement, as do 77% of those in Portugal and France. At the other end of the scale, the lowest levels of agreement were in Estonia (49%) and Finland (also 49%).

Disagreement is highest amongst respondents in Finland (40%), the Netherlands (40%), Austria (34%) and Slovakia (28%).

Economic reforms would be more effective if they are carried out in a coordinated way at EU level

Respondents who agree that economic reforms would be more effective if they are carried out in a coordinated way at EU level are more likely to be:

male (76% men vs. 67% women)

aged 15-24 (75%)

have the highest education levels (74% of those completing education 20+, 77% of those still studying)

employees (73%), not working (71%), or self-employed (71%)

In addition, respondents who think the euro is a good thing for their country are more likely to agree that economic reforms would be more effective if they are carried out in a coordinated way at EU level (79% vs. 61% who say the euro is a bad thing). Similarly, almost four out of five (79%) of those who think the euro is good for the EU say that economic reforms would be more effective if they are carried out in a coordinated way at EU level, compared to 61% of those who say the euro is a bad thing for the EU.


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6.2. Evaluation of sectorial reforms

Two thirds of respondents are unable to assess the impact of economic reforms

Respondents were asked to nominate the sectors where they thought reforms have had the most positive impact on their national economy. When given the opportunity to respond spontaneously almost two thirds (65%) are unable to name any sectors.

Almost one out of ten (8%) mention the labour market, while one out of twenty mention market reforms (5%), slightly fewer mention education systems (4%) and other reforms (4%). However, 17% spontaneously mentioned reforms in other specific areas as being the ones that have had the most positive impact on their national economy.

Evaluation of sectorial reforms

In all but four countries in the euro area, the majority of respondents are unable to name any sectors where reforms have had the most positive impact. The exceptions are Slovakia (63%), Slovenia (59%), Luxembourg (58%) and Ireland (51%) where respondents mentioned at least one sector.

In fact, respondents in Slovakia are the most likely across the euro area to mention multiple sectors detailed in the table below. Within Slovakia the labour market is the most mentioned (26%) followed by the education system (16%), taxation (14%) and reforms in general (13%).


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Across the euro area respondents are most likely to spontaneously mention reforms in other specific areas in the Netherlands (30%), while respondents in Luxembourg are most likely to mention market reforms (16%), social security reforms (15%) and reforms in general (13%). Pension system reforms were most likely to be mentioned by respondents in Slovenia (12%).

The following chart illustrates that respondents find it easier to nominate sectors where economic reforms have had the most negative impact on the economy. One out of five (21%) mention the labour market, while 12% nominate the education system, 11% the social security system and one in ten (10%) the pension system.

However, respondents in the euro area are the most likely to spontaneously indicate reforms in other specific areas (26%) as having had the most negative effect on their national economy. In addition 37% are unable to nominate any sectors at all.


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Respondents in Slovenia (82%) Spain (79%), Italy (76%), Greece (70%), Slovakia (69%) and the Netherlands (69%) are the most likely to be able to nominate at least one sector where they think reforms have had the most negative impact.

Respondents in Italy are most likely to mention the labour market (39%) and also reforms in general (15%), while those in Spain are most likely to mention the education (28%) and social security systems (25%). Respondents in Slovenia are most likely to mention reforms to the pension system (24%), taxation (24%) and market reforms (10%) as having the most negative economic impact.

Respondents in 13 countries are most likely to mention reforms in other specific areas not covered in the table. This is particularly the case for respondents in the Netherlands and Portugal (both 40%).


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6.3. Evaluation of importance of reforms

The majority of respondents think their national government should introduce reforms to increase growth and employment

Although many respondents have difficulty in naming sectors where reforms have had a positive impact on their national economy, most of them agree that it is important for their government to introduce reforms in specific areas to help increase growth and employment.

Almost all (93%) think it is important that their national government introduces labour market reforms to help increase growth and employment, and 89% think health system reforms are important. At least eight out of ten also say that it is important to introduce education (88%), pension (87%) and social security system reforms (85%) to help increase growth and employment. Four out of five (80%) mention taxation, while almost two thirds (65%) mention market reforms as important reforms for their national government to introduce to help increase growth and employment.

These results are comparable to those of 2012.


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High majorities of respondents in every euro area country think it is important for their national government to introduce labour market reforms to help increase growth and employment. Nine out of ten or more respondents in all countries, with the exception of Slovenia (87%), Greece (87%), Spain (87%) and Estonia (84%), agree with this statement at this high level.

Labour market

Women are slightly more likely than men to say that it is important for their national government to introduce labour market reforms (95% vs. 92%). Manual workers (97%) are more likely to say this than other workers (93% for all other types). Those aged 15-24 (96%) are also more likely to say this than those in older age groups (92% of those aged 55+ for example).


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At least eight out of ten respondents in all but one country think it is important their national government introduce health system reforms to help improve growth and employment. Support ranges from 97% of respondents in Ireland and 96% of those in Malta, to 80% of those in Spain.

Health system

Women are slightly more likely than men to say that it is important for their national government to introduce health system reforms (92% vs. 87%). Manual workers (92%) are more likely to say this than other types of workers. Respondents aged 15-24 (92%) are more likely to say this than those in older age groups (87% of those aged 55+ for example).


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A large majority of respondents in each euro area country say it is important that their national government introduces pension system reforms to increase growth and employment. In excess of nine out of ten respondents in Ireland (92%), Malta (92%), France (92%), and Belgium (91%) say this. At the other end of the scale, slightly fewer than three quarters (74%) respondents in Estonia and Slovenia think these reforms are important.

Pension system

There are few substantial differences along socio-demographic lines; although men (84%) and those aged 55+ (85%) are less likely to think that pension reforms are important when compared to women (89%) and younger respondents (87-89%).


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More than three quarters of respondents in each country say that it is important for their national government to introduce social security system reforms to improve growth and employment. Nine out of ten respondents in Ireland (90%) and Italy (89%) say this is important, compared to 78% of those in Estonia and Cyprus.

Social security system

Women are slightly more likely than men to think it is important to introduce social security reform (87% vs. 82%), and manual workers are more likely to think this way than those who are self-employed (88% vs. 82%).


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There is a greater range of opinion across the euro area when it comes to market reforms, as in telecom, gas/electricity (e.g. opening sectors for free competition, privatisation). Despite the wider range of responses an absolute majority of respondents in each country still think these reforms are important.

At least eight out of ten respondents in Malta (88%), Ireland and Belgium (both 82%) think it is important their national government introduces market reforms to improve growth and employment. In contrast, just over half of respondents in Estonia (53%) and the Netherlands (53%) agree.

Market reforms

Manual workers are more likely to think it is important their government introduces market reforms (68%) than employees (63%).


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A majority of respondents in each country think it is important their government introduces taxation reform to help increase growth and employment. Respondents in Italy (92%) are most likely to think this way, compared to 62% of those in Slovenia and 63% of those in Estonia.

At least one quarter of respondents in Spain (25%) and Slovenia (31%) think that it is not important to introduce taxation reforms.

Taxation

Respondents aged 15-24 are less likely to think that taxation reforms are important to help increase growth and employment (75% vs. 81-82% for older groups). The self-employed (84%) and manual workers (83%) are more likely to think taxation reforms are important than those who are employees (79%) or not working (80%).


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A majority of respondents in each euro area country agree that introducing reforms in the education system is important to increase growth and employment. Respondents in Italy (93%), Germany, Austria and Portugal (all 92%) and Ireland (91%) are the most likely to think this way, compared to 64% of those in Finland and 67% of those in Estonia. Finland has the highest proportion of respondents who say that education system reforms are not important with more than three out of ten saying this (32%).

Education system

The youngest respondents are more likely to think that introducing reforms in the education system is important to increase growth and employment (15-24: 91% vs. 55+: 87%). Those who left education aged 15 or younger are less likely to think that education reforms are important (85%) compared to those who were aged 16+ when they left education or are still studying (88-89%).


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7. PERSONAL ECONOMIC OUTLOOK

This section looks at respondents' views on their personal financial situation in the past year and for the coming year.

Expectations for this year are a little more positive than assessments of last year's household income

Respondents were asked to say how their household income had changed since last year, and how they expected it to change in the current year. As the following charts illustrate, expectations for the future are a little more positive then the assessment of the past year, with greater numbers expecting their income to stay the same and fewer expecting it to decrease in the current year.

Thinking about the change in their household income since last year, 43% of respondents say their income remained the same and 39% say it decreased. Fewer (16%) say their household income has increased since last year.

When asked to look to the future respondents are more positive about maintaining the status quo. Just over half (54%) think that their household income will stay the same, 27% think it will decrease and 16% think their household income will go up.


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The charts below show the trends in perceptions of household income since 2007. The proportion of respondents who report that their household income has increased since last year has declined gradually over the period 2007-2013 (-5 points). During the same period there has been a considerable increase in the proportion of respondents who say that their household income has decreased since last year (+14). It is notable that the period 2011-2012 saw the largest increase in those who say their household income has gone down (+6 percentage points).

There is a similar pattern for expectations about the coming year. In the period 2007- 2013 the proportion of respondents that say they expect their household income to increase has dropped by 11 percentage points. Over the same period the proportion that expects their household income to decrease has gone up by 9 points overall. However it is notable that the 2013 figure of 27% respondents expecting a decrease in household income is significantly lower than the equivalent finding from 2012 (32%).

Change in household income…

In many of the countries in the euro area, respondents are most likely to say that their household income has stayed the same compared to last year. This is particularly the case for respondents in Malta (61%), Finland (60%), Belgium (58%) and Austria (55%).

In marked contrast, more than eight out of ten respondents (83%) in Greece say that their household income has decreased since last year. This is also the opinion of a majority of respondents in Cyprus (76%), Portugal (66%), Spain (59%), Ireland (53%), Italy (48%) and Slovenia (45%).

Respondents in Luxembourg (31%), Germany and Estonia (both 29%), are the most likely to say that their household income has increased since last year.


81

Change in household income last year

There has been a notable rise in the proportion of respondents who say their household income has decreased since last year in Cyprus (+15 percentage points), and the Netherlands (+8 points), but there has been a decrease since last year for this measure among respondents from Spain (-7 points) and Greece (-7 points).

Socio-demographic analysis shows that:

Those aged 25+ are the most likely to say that household income has decreased since last year (e.g. 41% of those aged 55+ vs. 33% of 15-24s)

The less educated the respondents, the more likely they are to say that household income has decreased since last year (lowest education level: 45%, highest: 34%)

Employees (32%) and manual workers (38%) are the least likely to say that their household income has decreased since last year (compared to 42% of the self-employed and 43% of those not working).


82


83

Across the euro area, respondents in most countries expect their household income to remain the same in the current year. This is particularly the case amongst respondents in Belgium (64%), Germany and Finland (both 63%), and Austria (62%).

In contrast, the majority of respondents in Greece (56%), Cyprus (52%) and Portugal (49%) are the most likely to expect their household income to decrease in the current year. Respondents in these countries are also the most likely to say their household income has decreased since last year.

Those living in Malta (36%), Luxembourg (33%) and Estonia (28%) are the most likely to say they expect their household income to increase in the current year.

Expectation about the change in household income for this year

There has been a considerable decrease in the proportion that say they expect their household income to go down in the current year amongst respondents in Greece (-17 percentage points), Portugal (-12), and Spain (-10).

Socio-demographic analysis highlights that those aged 55+ are the most likely to say they expect their household income to decrease in the current year (31% vs. 20-27% of younger age groups). Those with the lowest education levels are also more likely to expect their household income to go down compared to those that remained in education for longer (31% of those who left education 15 or below vs. 19% of those still studying).


84

The scatter charts below illustrate the perceptions of household income in 2012 and 2013. The quadrants of the charts represent the following groups:

・ Upper right hand quadrant: positive perception in comparison to last year and positive expectations for the future

・ Lower right hand quadrant: positive perception and low expectations

・ Upper left hand quadrant: negative perception and high expectations

・ Lower left hand quadrant: negative perception and low expectations


85


86

The overall pattern of countries on the charts shows a linear arrangement, indicating that perceptions of this year’s situation and future expectations tend to be broadly similar: if the assessment of the change in income since last year is positive, expectations for the future also tend to be positive.

The overall arrangement of countries has stretched slightly into the upper right quadrant from the lower quadrants, indicating a slight positive trend in the period between the two waves. The overall the density of countries in the lower left quadrant remains, depicting a generally negative outlook. However, assessments of the current personal financial situation and expectations for the future are slightly more optimistic in 2013 than they were in 2012, but this change is marginal.

With regard to individual countries, the two scatter plots show that Estonia, Germany, Luxembourg, Finland and Austria have moved slightly further into the upper right quadrant indicating marginally increased optimism in these countries. This is also true of the euro area as a whole (as illustrated by the red diamond).

ANNEXES

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS


TS1


TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Between the 7th and the 9th of October 2013, TNS Political & Social, a consortium created between TNS political & social, TNS UK and TNS opinion, carried out the survey FLASH EUROBAROMETER 386 about “The euro area”. This survey has been requested by the EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. It is a general public survey co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication (“Research and Speechwriting” Unit). The FLASH EUROBAROMETER 386 covers the population of the respective nationalities of the Member States of the Euro area, resident in each of the 17 Euro Member States and aged 15 years and over. All interviews were carried using the TNS e-Call center (our centralized CATI system). In every country respondents were called both on fixed lines and mobile phones. The basic sample design applied in all states is multi-stage random (probability). In each household, the respondent was drawn at random following the "last birthday rule".

TNS has developed its own RDD sample generation capabilities based on using contact telephone numbers from responders to random probability or random location face to face surveys, such as Eurobarometer, as seed numbers. The approach works because the seed number identifies a working block of telephone numbers and reduces the volume of numbers generated that will be ineffective. The seed numbers are stratified by NUTS2 region and urbanisation to approximate a geographically representative sample. From each seed number the required sample of numbers are generated by randomly replacing the last two digits. The sample is then screened against business databases in order to exclude as many of these numbers as possible before going into field. This approach is consistent across all countries.


TS2

Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being equal, rests upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000 interviews, the real percentages vary within the following confidence limits:

various sample sizes are in rows various observed results are in columns

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50%

N=50 6,0 8,3 9,9 11,1 12,0 12,7 13,2 13,6 13,8 13,9 N=50

N=500 1,9 2,6 3,1 3,5 3,8 4,0 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,4 N=500

N=1000 1,4 1,9 2,2 2,5 2,7 2,8 3,0 3,0 3,1 3,1 N=1000

N=1500 1,1 1,5 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,5 N=1500

N=2000 1,0 1,3 1,6 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,1 2,2 2,2 N=2000

N=3000 0,8 1,1 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,8 1,8 N=3000

N=4000 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 N=4000

N=5000 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,4 1,4 N=5000

N=6000 0,6 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,3 N=6000

N=7000 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 N=7000

N=7500 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 N=7500

N=8000 0,5 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 N=8000

N=9000 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 N=9000

N=10000 0,4 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,0 N=10000

N=11000 0,4 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 N=11000

N=12000 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,9 N=12000

N=13000 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,9 N=13000

N=14000 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 N=14000

N=15000 0,3 0,5 0,6 0,6 0,7 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8 N=15000

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50%

Statistical Margins due to the sampling process

(at the 95% level of confidence)


TS3

ABBR. COUNTRIES INSTITUTES N° INTERVIEWS

FIELDWORK DATES

POPULATION 15+

BE Belgium TNS Dimarso 1.003 7/10/2013 8/10/2013 8.939.546 DE Germany TNS Infratest 1.000 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 64.336.389 EE Estonia TNS Emor 1.000 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 945.733 EL Greece TNS ICAP 1.000 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 8.693.566 ES Spain TNS Demoscopia S.A 1.000 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 39.127.930 FR France TNS Sofres 1.006 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 47.756.439 IE Ireland IMS Millward Brown 1.000 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 3.522.000 IT Italy TNS ITALIA 1.000 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 51.862.391 CY Rep. of Cyprus CYMAR 504 7/10/2013 8/10/2013 660.400 LU Luxembourg TNS Dimarso 503 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 404.907

MT Malta MISCO International Ltd

502 7/10/2013 8/10/2013 335.476

NL Netherlands TNS NIPO 1.003 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 13.371.980 AT Austria TNS Austria 1.001 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 7.009.827 PT Portugal TNS EUROTESTE 1.000 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 8.080.915 SI Slovenia RM PLUS 1.001 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 1.759.701 SK Slovakia TNS AISA Slovakia 1.001 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 4.549.956 FI Finland TNS Gallup Oy 1.004 7/10/2013 9/10/2013 4.440.004

TOTAL EURO AREA

15.528

7/10/2013

9/10/2013 265.797.160

QUESTIONNAIRE


Q1

1

2

Q2

123

Q3a

Very easy

Rather

easy

Rather

difficult

Very difficult

Neither

easy nor

difficult

(SPONTANEOUS

)

DK/NA

1 1 2 3 4 5 62 1 2 3 4 5 6

ASK ALL

Generally speaking, do you think that...?

(READ OUT - ONE ANSWER ONLY)

A good thing

A bad thing

Can’t decide

(SPONTANEOUS)

DK/NA

Having the euro is a good or a bad thing for your country

1 2 3 4

Having the euro is a good or a bad thing for the EU

1 2 3 4

FL362 Q1

Does the euro make you personally feel more European than before or would you say that your feeling of being European has not changed?

(ONE ANSWER ONLY)

Yes, more EuropeanNothing has changedDK/NA

FL362 Q2

When you pay cash, would you say that it is: very easy, rather easy, rather difficult or very difficult to distinguish and handle…..

(ONE ANSWER ONLY)

Euro bank notes Euro coins

FL362 Q3a

Q1


Q3b

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,

Q4a

1234

Q4b

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,

ASK Q3b IF ‘RATHER’ OR ‘VERY DIFFICULT’ IN Q3a.2, CODES 3 OR 4 in Q3a2, OTHERS GOT TO Q4a

With which of the following euro coins do you have particular difficulties?

(READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

1-cent euro coin2-cent euro coin5-cent euro coin10-cent euro coin20-cent euro coin50-cent euro coin1-euro coin2-euro coinDK/NA

FL362 Q3b

ASK ALL

Do you consider that there are too many or, on the contrary, not enough euro coins with different values or do you consider that there are just the right number?

(ONE ANSWER ONLY)

Too manyNot enoughJust the right numberDK/NA

FL362 Q4a

ASK Q4b IF ‘TOO MANY’ IN Q4a, CODE 1 in Q4a, OTHERS GOT TO Q5

Please indicate whether any of the euro coin denominations should be removed. If yes, which one or which ones?

(DO NOT READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

1-cent euro coin2-cent euro coin5-cent euro coin10-cent euro coin20-cent euro coin50-cent euro coin1-euro coin2-euro coinDK\NA

FL362 Q4b

ASK ALL

Q2


Q5

1

2

Q6a

123

Today, when you are buying things, do you tend to convert from the price in euro to the (OLD NATIONAL CURRENCY) when it concerns:


Usually convert

from euros into (OLD NATIONA

L CURREN

CY)

Usually don’t

convert from euros into (OLD NATIONA

L CURREN

CY)

Varies/ depends

DK/NA

Exceptional purchases such as the purchase of a car or a house for example

1 2 3 4

Common purchases such as day-to-day shopping

1 2 3 4

FL362 Q5

ASK Q6a AND Q6b ONLY IN THE COUNTRIES THAT INTRODUCED THE EURO IN THE LAST 3 YEARS, it is in Estonia, OTHERS GO TO Q7

Would you say that it would be useful for you that shopkeepers continue with dual price displays?

YesNoDK/NA

FL362 Q6a

Q3


Q6b

12345

Q7

123

Q8

1

2

3

Q9

1234

When the euro coins and banknotes were physically introduced in (COUNTRY), do you personally think that the euro introduction had any impact on prices during this changeover period?

(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY)

Yes, prices in some categories increasedYes, all prices increasedYes, prices in some categories decreasedNo, prices more or less stayed the sameDK/NA

FL362 Q6b

ASK ALL

Do you travel at least once a year outside your country?

YesNoDK/NA

FL362 Q7

Do you think that the euro...?

(ONE ANSWER ONLY)

Yes No DK/NA

Has made travelling easier and less costly 1 2 3

Has made it easier for you to compare prices when in different EU countries

1 2 3

Has reduced banking charges when travelling in different EU countries (e.g. when withdrawing money from an ATM)

1 2 3

FL362 Q8

Do you think that the degree to which economic policy, including budgetary policies, is coordinated in the euro area is appropriate? Should there be more or less coordination among euro-area governments?


AppropriateThere should be more coordinationThere should be less coordinationDK/NA

FL362 Q9

Q4


Q10

1

2

3

4

5

Governments in all euro-area countries are implementing various economic reforms, such as labour market reforms, pension, social security or healthcare reforms, reforms of education systems or market reforms to open sectors to competition. Would you agree or disagree with the following statements related to such reforms?


Totally agree

Tend to agree

Tend to disagree

Totally disagree

DK/NA


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5

FL362 Q10

Q5


Q11a

1,2,3,

4,5,6,7,8,9,

Q11b

1,2,3,

4,5,6,7,8,9,

In which sectors do you think reforms have had the most POSITIVE effect on the economy in (OUR COUNTRY)?


Labour marketPension systemSocial security systemMarket reforms, as in telecom, gas/electricity (e.g. opening sectors for free competition, privatisation)

TaxationEducation systemsReforms in generalReforms in other specific areasDK/NA

FL362 Q11a

In which sectors do you think reforms have had the most NEGATIVE effect on the economy in (OUR COUNTRY)?


Labour marketPension systemSocial security systemMarket reforms, as in telecom, gas/electricity (e.g. opening sectors for free competition, privatisation)

TaxationEducation systemsReforms in generalReforms in other specific areasDK/NA

FL362 Q11b

Q6


Q12

1234

5

67

Q13a

123456

In your opinion, how important is it that the government in (OUR COUNTRY) should introduce reforms in each of the following areas to help increase growth and employment?


Very important

Quite important

Not very important

Not at all important

DK/NA

Labour market 1 2 3 4 5Health system 1 2 3 4 5Pension system 1 2 3 4 5Social security system 1 2 3 4 5

Market reforms, as in telecom, gas/electricity (e.g. opening sectors for free competition, privatisation)

1 2 3 4 5

Taxation 1 2 3 4 5Education systems 1 2 3 4 5

FL362 Q12

In your view, how high was the inflation rate, i.e. the average increase in consumer prices, in (OUR COUNTRY) last year?


Below 1.5%Between 1.5 and 2.5%Between 2.5 and 4%Between 4 and 10%Above 10%DK/NA

FL362 Q13a

Q7


Q13b

1234

Q14a

1234

Q14b

1234

What is your expectation regarding the inflation rate this year? Compared to last year, will it be:


HigherLowerThe sameDK/NA

FL362 Q13b

How has your household income changed since last year? Has it:


IncreasedDecreasedStayed the sameDK/NA

FL362 Q14a

FL362 Q14b

What is your expectation regarding your household income this year? Will it:


IncreaseDecreaseStay the sameDK/NA

Q8

TABLES


%

Flash EB386

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362

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362

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362

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362BE 54 3 38 -1 7 -1 1 -1

DE 65 11 25 -11 7 -1 3 1

EE 58 12 20 -10 19 0 3 -2

IE 72 4 20 -3 6 -1 2 0

EL 58 -9 29 8 10 0 3 1

ES 53 0 36 1 7 0 4 -1

FR 56 2 37 0 6 -1 1 -1

IT 52 -2 38 1 7 0 3 1

CY 43 -9 45 5 9 2 3 2

LU 70 -1 24 3 4 -1 2 -1

MT 62 9 22 -12 11 0 5 3

NL 58 -5 35 5 5 0 2 0

AT 61 5 29 -2 9 -2 1 -1

PT 46 -4 44 3 7 1 3 0

SI 55 -7 35 5 9 2 1 0

SK 56 -3 31 1 11 2 2 0

FI 69 -1 22 1 6 -1 3 1

Q1.1 En général, pensez-vous que… ? Avoir l’euro est une bonne chose ou une mauvaise chose pour votre pays

Q1.1 Generally speaking, do you think that...? Having the euro is a good or a bad thing for your country

WN/KA

A good thing

Eine gute Sache

Q1.1 Allgemein gesprochen, denken Sie, dass …? Der Euro eine gute oder eine schlechte Sache für Ihr Land ist

Une mauvaise chose

A bad thing

Eine schlechte Sache

Une bonne chose Ne peut pas se décider (SPONTANE)

Can’t decide (SPONTANEOUS)

Kann mich nicht entscheiden (NICHT

VORLESEN)

NSP/SR

DK/NA

T1


%

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362

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362

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362

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362BE 63 2 29 0 6 0 2 -2

DE 70 9 21 -7 6 -2 3 0

EE 66 8 8 -3 20 -3 6 -2

IE 77 5 15 -6 5 0 3 1

EL 67 -7 17 3 9 3 7 1

ES 71 -1 17 -1 3 -1 9 3

FR 68 2 26 -2 4 0 2 0

IT 67 0 22 -1 6 -1 5 2

CY 54 -6 28 7 8 -3 10 2

LU 72 1 20 -3 5 0 3 2

MT 71 7 10 -6 6 -2 13 1

NL 64 -8 28 6 4 1 4 1

AT 69 4 20 -5 7 1 4 0

PT 65 3 23 -3 8 -1 4 1

SI 67 1 21 -2 9 1 3 0

SK 69 -4 15 -2 10 4 6 2

FI 71 2 19 0 7 -1 3 -1

Q1.2 En général, pensez-vous que… ? Avoir l’euro est une bonne chose ou une mauvaise chose pour l’UE

Q1.2 Generally speaking, do you think that...? Having the euro is a good or a bad thing for the EU

WN/KA

A good thing

Eine gute Sache

Q1.2 Allgemein gesprochen, denken Sie, dass …? Der Euro eine gute oder eine schlechte Sache für die EU ist

Une mauvaise chose

A bad thing

Eine schlechte Sache

Une bonne chose Ne peut pas se décider (SPONTANE)

Can’t decide (SPONTANEOUS)

Kann mich nicht entscheiden (NICHT

VORLESEN)

NSP/SR

DK/NA

T2


%

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362

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362

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362BE 21 -3 77 3 2 0

DE 25 3 74 -2 1 -1

EE 25 5 73 -5 2 0

IE 35 0 63 -1 2 1

EL 14 -3 82 8 4 -5

ES 20 0 78 0 2 0

FR 21 0 79 1 0 -1

IT 33 -3 65 3 2 0

CY 20 -4 79 3 1 1

LU 30 -2 69 3 1 -1

MT 38 -4 61 4 1 0

NL 16 -2 84 4 0 -2

AT 30 2 67 -3 3 1

PT 25 2 74 -2 1 0

SI 29 -5 68 3 3 2

SK 21 0 75 -2 4 2

FI 29 2 69 -3 2 1

Q2 L’euro vous fait-il vous sentir personnellement plus Européen qu’avant ou diriez-vous que votre sentiment d’être Européen n’a pas changé ? Q2 Does the euro make you personally feel more European than before or would you say that your feeling of being European has not changed? Q2 Fühlen Sie sich persönlich durch den Euro europäischer als vorher oder würden Sie sagen, dass Ihr Gefühl, europäisch zu sein, sich nicht geändert hat?

NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

Oui, plus Européen

Yes, more European

Ja, fühle mich europäischer

Rien n’a changé

Nothing has changed

Es hat sich nichts verändert

T3


%

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BE 58 -1 36 3 3 -1 2 0 1 0 0 -1 94 2 5 -1

DE 60 0 35 1 3 -1 0 -1 1 0 1 1 95 1 3 -2

EE 57 -5 30 4 5 -1 1 0 6 2 1 0 87 -1 6 -1

IE 70 -9 26 8 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 96 -1 3 1

EL 65 -5 32 6 2 0 1 0 0 -1 0 0 97 1 3 0

ES 51 5 43 -4 2 0 1 -1 2 0 1 0 94 1 3 -1

FR 48 -1 45 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 93 -1 5 1

IT 57 -7 38 7 2 -1 1 0 1 0 1 1 95 0 3 -1

CY 88 -2 7 1 3 1 1 -1 1 1 0 0 95 -1 4 0

LU 60 5 34 -2 4 -2 1 -1 1 0 0 0 94 3 5 -3

MT 83 3 12 -3 4 2 1 0 0 -1 0 -1 95 0 5 2

NL 63 2 33 -1 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 -1 96 1 2 0

AT 76 -1 20 2 3 0 0 -1 1 0 0 0 96 1 3 -1

PT 17 0 78 2 3 -1 1 -1 1 0 0 0 95 2 4 -2

SI 72 0 16 -4 5 1 5 3 1 -1 1 1 88 -4 10 4

SK 53 7 33 -9 8 0 3 1 2 0 1 1 86 -2 11 1

FI 83 0 15 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 98 0 1 0

Q3a.1 Quand vous payez en liquide, diriez-vous qu’il est : très facile, plutôt facile, plutôt difficile ou très difficile de distinguer et manipuler … ? Les billets en euro

Q3a.1 When you pay cash, would you say that it is: very easy, rather easy, rather difficult or very difficult to distinguish and handle….. Euro bank notes

Très facile Plutôt difficile

Ni facile, ni difficile

(SPONTANE)Total 'Facile'

Rather difficult Total 'Easy'

Q3a.1 Wenn Sie in bar bezahlen: Würden Sie sagen, dass es sehr einfach, eher einfach, eher schwierig oder sehr schwierig ist, die … voneinander zu unterscheiden und mit ihnen umzugehen? Euro-Scheine

Eher schwierig

Très difficile

Very difficult

Sehr schwierig

Very easy

Sehr einfach

Plutôt facile

Rather easy

Eher einfach Gesamt 'Leicht'

Total 'Difficile'

Total 'Difficult'

Gesamt 'Schwierig'

Neither easy nor difficult (SPONT-ANEOUS)

Weder einfach noch

schwierig (NICHT

VORLESEN)

NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

T4


%

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BE 33 -2 39 2 22 1 5 0 1 0 0 -1 72 0 27 1

DE 31 -3 37 2 25 0 5 0 1 0 1 1 68 -1 30 0

EE 29 -6 32 4 26 0 6 -2 6 3 1 1 61 -2 32 -2

IE 52 -5 29 6 14 -2 4 1 1 0 0 0 81 1 18 -1

EL 62 -4 30 3 6 2 2 0 0 -1 0 0 92 -1 8 2

ES 45 0 46 0 4 0 2 -1 1 1 2 0 91 0 6 -1

FR 30 -2 39 -1 25 4 5 -1 1 0 0 0 69 -3 30 3

IT 43 -7 38 4 14 1 3 1 2 1 0 0 81 -3 17 2

CY 77 -3 10 2 9 2 3 -2 1 1 0 0 87 -1 12 0

LU 39 2 39 -4 17 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 78 -2 22 2

MT 72 2 15 -2 10 -1 3 2 0 -1 0 0 87 0 13 1

NL 33 0 36 -3 25 2 4 0 1 0 1 1 69 -3 29 2

AT 42 -4 33 7 21 -2 4 1 0 -1 0 -1 75 3 25 -1

PT 19 1 76 2 4 -2 0 -1 1 0 0 0 95 3 4 -3

SI 63 1 20 -5 9 1 6 3 1 -1 1 1 83 -4 15 4

SK 37 3 31 -6 23 1 6 0 2 1 1 1 68 -3 29 1

FI 68 -4 24 1 6 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 92 -3 7 2

Q3a.2 Quand vous payez en liquide, diriez-vous qu’il est : très facile, plutôt facile, plutôt difficile ou très difficile de distinguer et manipuler … ? Les pièces en euro

Q3a.2 When you pay cash, would you say that it is: very easy, rather easy, rather difficult or very difficult to distinguish and handle….. Euro coins

Très facile Plutôt difficile

Ni facile, ni difficile

(SPONTANE)Total 'Facile'

Rather difficult Total 'Easy'

Q3a.2 Wenn Sie in bar bezahlen: Würden Sie sagen, dass es sehr einfach, eher einfach, eher schwierig oder sehr schwierig ist, die … voneinander zu unterscheiden und mit ihnen umzugehen? Euro-Münzen

Eher schwierig

Très difficile

Very difficult

Sehr schwierig

Very easy

Sehr einfach

Plutôt facile

Rather easy

Eher einfach Gesamt 'Leicht'

Total 'Difficile'

Total 'Difficult'

Gesamt 'Schwierig'

Neither easy nor difficult (SPONT-ANEOUS)

Weder einfach noch

schwierig (NICHT

VORLESEN)

NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

T5


%

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362

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362

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BE 81 -3 82 -3 51 -10 30 2 28 2

DE 45 5 65 7 52 2 33 -3 47 -12

EE 72 0 78 3 54 0 20 1 30 0

IE 73 7 79 13 53 4 38 4 36 1

EL 67 -5 68 -2 61 8 33 -2 26 -6

ES 65 -6 71 -4 44 0 21 -1 31 2

FR 80 6 81 -1 54 -6 29 1 32 -1

IT 81 -10 80 -9 51 -9 22 -3 23 1

CY 63 -8 63 -11 52 -9 29 -3 34 4

LU 83 9 89 13 56 7 17 -4 16 -8

MT 58 11 58 7 34 -5 38 -3 47 1

NL 21 5 24 2 13 -2 58 0 79 0

AT 63 6 69 7 47 3 31 -3 46 -1

PT 60 -11 68 -3 46 -8 25 -8 37 -1

SI 70 1 60 -4 44 -9 15 -3 14 0

SK 86 -5 85 0 50 -2 19 0 20 2

FI 18 7 20 7 25 10 54 15 78 10

Q3b Avec quelles pièces de monnaie en euro avez-vous des difficultés en particulier ? (PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)

Q3b With which of the following euro coins do you have particular difficulties? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

Q3b Mit welchen der folgenden Euro-Münzen haben Sie besondere Schwierigkeiten? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

La pièce de 1 centime d’euro

1-cent euro coin

1-Cent-Münze

La pièce de 2 centimes d’euro

2-cent euro coin

2-Cent-Münze


20-cent euro coin

20-Cent-Münze


5-cent euro coin

5-Cent-Münze


10-cent euro coin

10-Cent-Münze

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BE 12 2 8 2 7 2 2 0

DE 33 -9 13 -1 13 3 1 -1

EE 28 -3 11 1 7 2 5 0

IE 22 0 11 3 9 3 0 -1

EL 18 -3 13 1 8 -2 2 0

ES 19 6 17 10 19 10 2 0

FR 13 -5 10 4 10 5 0 -2

IT 12 3 6 3 5 0 3 1

CY 24 -3 20 13 17 9 1 -5

LU 8 -8 5 0 6 0 1 -2

MT 37 2 7 -10 8 2 2 -4

NL 44 -1 26 -3 22 -5 1 1

AT 28 -5 15 -1 12 1 2 1

PT 21 -13 14 -4 12 -6 9 2

SI 8 -1 4 -7 5 -10 9 0

SK 12 1 10 2 9 1 3 2

FI 66 4 20 -6 10 -5 2 -1

50-cent euro coin 1-euro coin 2-euro coin DK/NA

Q3b Avec quelles pièces de monnaie en euro avez-vous des difficultés en particulier ? (PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)

Q3b With which of the following euro coins do you have particular difficulties? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

1-Euro-Münze 2-Euro-Münze WN/KA50-Cent-Münze

NSP/SR

Q3b Mit welchen der folgenden Euro-Münzen haben Sie besondere Schwierigkeiten? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

La pièce de 50 centimes d’euro La pièce de 1 euro La pièce de 2 euro

T7


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362BE 51 4 2 -1 45 -3 2 0

DE 23 8 3 -1 70 -8 4 1

EE 43 -2 1 0 50 2 6 0

IE 50 17 1 -2 48 -14 1 -1

EL 30 2 10 -3 54 2 6 -1

ES 24 5 6 0 66 -5 4 0

FR 33 8 3 -2 63 -6 1 0

IT 37 -8 5 2 55 6 3 0

CY 40 -7 2 -1 56 8 2 0

LU 37 1 2 -2 59 1 2 0

MT 23 -3 5 -1 68 3 4 1

NL 24 3 3 -2 70 -1 3 0

AT 47 11 2 0 49 -11 2 0

PT 21 4 5 -3 72 0 2 -1

SI 18 4 8 3 73 -6 1 -1

SK 40 0 5 3 49 -5 6 2

FI 7 0 4 0 88 0 1 0

Q4a Considérez-vous qu’il y a trop, ou au contraire, pas assez de pièces de différentes valeurs ou considérez-vous qu’il y en a juste le bon nombre ? Q4a Do you consider that there are too many or, on the contrary, not enough euro coins with different values or do you consider that there are just the right number? Q4a Sind Sie der Ansicht, dass es zu viele oder, im Gegenteil, zu wenige Euro-Münzen mit verschiedenen Werten gibt oder meinen Sie, dass es genau die richtige Menge ist?

Un trop grand nombre

Too many

Zu viele

Pas assez

Not enough

Zu wenige

Juste le bon nombre

Just the right number

Genau die richtige Menge

NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

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362BE 95 4 90 7 28 -2 7 2 2 0

DE 82 4 83 6 28 6 5 -1 8 -2

EE 90 2 81 -1 25 -6 5 2 2 0

IE 97 1 87 11 22 -3 5 -1 3 0

EL 72 0 69 3 37 3 7 -1 5 2

ES 94 8 84 -1 14 -8 4 -5 3 -6

FR 91 -1 84 2 30 6 3 0 2 -3

IT 90 -2 84 -3 35 -7 6 -3 4 -3

CY 86 -3 84 -5 40 -9 10 1 5 -1

LU 93 2 93 6 36 1 8 2 7 0

MT 98 4 91 2 42 7 4 0 1 -3

NL 92 8 87 5 13 -5 6 1 10 0

AT 92 10 85 13 33 2 5 0 5 0

PT 92 10 83 -1 17 -1 5 -3 3 -2

SI 84 -8 75 -14 34 -28 5 0 3 0

SK 92 -5 79 -5 22 -7 3 -1 5 1

FI 54 18 51 19 84 12 27 -6 7 -8

1-Cent-Münze 2-Cent-Münze 5-Cent-Münze 10-Cent-Münze 20-Cent-Münze

1-cent euro coin 2-cent euro coin 5-cent euro coin 10-cent euro coin 20-cent euro coin






Q4b Veuillez me dire si l’une des valeurs de pièce de monnaie en euro devrait être supprimée. Si oui, laquelle ou lesquelles? (NE PAS LIRE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)Q4b Please indicate whether any of the euro coin denominations should be removed. If yes, which one or which ones? (DO NOT READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)Q4b Bitte sagen Sie mir, ob irgendwelche Euro-Münzen abgeschafft werden sollten. Und wenn ja, welche? (NICHT VORLESEN - MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

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362BE 1 0 1 0 2 1 1 -1

DE 0 0 1 -2 5 0 5 2

EE 1 0 2 -1 5 0 6 1

IE 1 1 1 0 1 -1 0 -1

EL 3 1 15 1 21 2 5 -3

ES 0 -1 0 0 2 -3 1 -2

FR 0 -1 2 1 2 1 2 0

IT 1 -1 4 -2 7 -1 4 1

CY 0 -3 7 3 11 2 3 1

LU 3 2 3 0 3 -2 2 -1

MT 0 0 0 -1 0 -1 0 -4

NL 1 0 1 -1 7 4 1 -1

AT 1 -2 3 -2 13 -3 2 0

PT 1 -1 3 -2 5 -3 2 -1

SI 1 0 1 -4 1 -9 5 4

SK 1 0 1 0 2 0 6 4

FI 2 -2 3 2 6 1 2 -5

1-Euro-Münze

La pièce de 2 euro

Q4b Veuillez me dire si l’une des valeurs de pièce de monnaie en euro devrait être supprimée. Si oui, laquelle ou lesquelles? (NE PAS LIRE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)Q4b Please indicate whether any of the euro coin denominations should be removed. If yes, which one or which ones? (DO NOT READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)Q4b Bitte sagen Sie mir, ob irgendwelche Euro-Münzen abgeschafft werden sollten. Und wenn ja, welche? (NICHT VORLESEN - MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)

2-euro coin

2-Euro-Münze


50-cent euro coin

50-Cent-Münze

NSP/SR

DK\NA

WN/KA

La pièce de 1 euro

1-euro coin

T10


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362BE 55 -5 37 5 7 0 1 0

DE 42 -6 48 3 8 2 2 1

EE 43 -13 44 13 11 0 2 0

IE 7 -2 89 3 2 -1 2 0

EL 24 -5 66 4 7 1 3 0

ES 51 -4 44 4 3 -1 2 1

FR 38 -9 52 8 9 1 1 0

IT 39 3 52 -6 5 1 4 2

CY 30 -5 69 8 1 -2 0 -1

LU 35 -3 56 7 8 -5 1 1

MT 61 -5 38 7 1 -1 0 -1

NL 30 -1 60 4 9 -3 1 0

AT 43 -9 50 8 6 2 1 -1

PT 47 0 46 2 5 -2 2 0

SI 23 1 66 -3 6 2 5 0

SK 57 0 31 2 9 -3 3 1

FI 17 -4 68 4 15 0 0 0

Q5.1 Aujourd’hui, quand vous faites des achats, comptez-vous mentalement : le plus souvent en euro, le plus souvent en (ANCIENNE MONNAIE NATIONALE), ou aussi souvent en euro qu’en (ANCIENNE MONNAIE NATIONALE) en ce qui Les achats exceptionnels tels que l’achat d’une voiture ou d’une maison par exemple

Q5.1 Today, when you are buying things, do you tend to convert from the price in euro to the (OLD NATIONAL CURRENCY) when it concerns: Exceptional purchases such as the purchase of a car or a house for example

WN/KA

Usually convert from euros into (OLD

NATIONAL CURRENCY)

Rechne in der Regel von Euro in (ALTE

NATIONALE WÄHRUNG) um

Q5.1 Wenn Sie heute einkaufen, neigen Sie dann dazu, den Preis von Euro in (ALTE NATIONALE WÄHRUNG) umzurechnen, wenn es um folgende Dinge geht? Außergewöhnliche Anschaffungen, wie z.B. der Kauf eines Autos oder eines Hauses

Vous ne convertissez pas en général les euros en (ANCIENNE MONNAIE

NATIONALE)

Usually don’t convert from euros into (OLD

NATIONAL CURRENCY)

Rechne in der Regel nicht von Euro in (ALTE


Vous convertissez en général les euros en

(ANCIENNE MONNAIE NATIONALE)

Ca dépend

Varies/ depends

Unterschiedlich/Kommt darauf an

NSP/SR

DK/NA

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362BE 24 -5 66 5 10 0 0 0

DE 29 -7 63 8 7 -2 1 1

EE 19 -8 69 9 11 -2 1 1

IE 4 -2 92 1 2 1 2 0

EL 22 -2 69 1 8 0 1 1

ES 22 -5 74 6 4 -1 0 0

FR 19 -4 71 3 10 1 0 0

IT 26 -2 67 1 4 -1 3 2

CY 15 -5 83 7 2 -1 0 -1

LU 18 1 73 3 8 -5 1 1

MT 24 -4 74 7 2 -2 0 -1

NL 13 -3 78 4 8 -2 1 1

AT 21 -7 66 4 13 4 0 -1

PT 31 0 62 0 6 -1 1 1

SI 20 -1 69 1 7 1 4 -1

SK 40 2 51 -1 9 -1 0 0

FI 5 0 84 -4 11 4 0 0

Q5.2 Aujourd’hui, quand vous faites des achats, comptez-vous mentalement : le plus souvent en euro, le plus souvent en (ANCIENNE MONNAIE NATIONALE), ou aussi souvent en euro qu’en (ANCIENNE MONNAIE NATIONALE) en ce qui Les achats courants tels que les courses de tous les jours

Q5.2 Today, when you are buying things, do you tend to convert from the price in euro to the (OLD NATIONAL CURRENCY) when it concerns: Common purchases such as day-to-day shopping

WN/KA

Usually convert from euros into (OLD

NATIONAL CURRENCY)

Rechne in der Regel von Euro in (ALTE


Q5.2 Wenn Sie heute einkaufen, neigen Sie dann dazu, den Preis von Euro in (ALTE NATIONALE WÄHRUNG) umzurechnen, wenn es um folgende Dinge geht? Gewöhnliche Anschaffungen, wie z.B. der tägliche Einkauf

Vous ne convertissez pas en général les euros en (ANCIENNE MONNAIE

NATIONALE)

Usually don’t convert from euros into (OLD

NATIONAL CURRENCY)

Rechne in der Regel nicht von Euro in (ALTE


Vous convertissez en général les euros en

(ANCIENNE MONNAIE NATIONALE)

Ca dépend

Varies/ depends

Unterschiedlich/Kommt darauf an

NSP/SR

DK/NA

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362EE 23 -10 76 11 1 -1

Q6a Diriez-vous qu'il serait utile pour vous que les responsables des magasins continuent le double affichage des prix?

Q6a Would you say that it would be useful for you that shopkeepers continue with dual price displays?

Q6a Ist es Ihrer Meinung nach nützlich für Sie, dass in Geschäften die Preise weiterhin doppelt angeschrieben sind?

NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

Oui

Yes

Ja

Non

No

Nein

T13


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EE 23 -4 70 6 0 0 5 -2 2 0 93 2

Q6b Lorsque les pièces et les billets d'euro ont été physiquement introduits en (NOTRE PAYS), pensez-vous personnellement que l'introduction de l'euro a eu un impact quelconque sur les prix pendant le passage à l'euro? Q6b When the euro coins and banknotes were physically introduced in (COUNTRY), do you personally think that the euro introduction had any impact on prices during this changeover period? Q6b Als in (UNSER LAND) die Euro-Münzen und Banknoten physisch eingeführt wurden, denken Sie persönlich, dass die Einführung des Euros einen Einfluss auf die Preise während dieser Übergangsperiode hatte?

Oui, les prix dans certains

domaines ont augmenté

Yes, prices in some categories

increased

Ja, die Preise sind in manchen

Bereichen gestiegen

Oui, tous les prix ont augmenté

Yes, all prices increased

Ja, alle Preise sind gestiegen

Oui, les prix dans certains

domaines ont diminué

Yes, prices in some categories

decreased

Ja, die Preise sind in manchen

Bereichen gefallen

Non, les prix sont restés plus ou

moins les mêmes

No, prices more or less stayed

the same

Nein, die Preise sind mehr oder weniger gleich

geblieben

NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

Total 'Prices increased'

Total 'Les prix ont augmentés'

Gesamt 'Die Preise sind gestiegen'

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362BE 72 1 28 -1 0 0

DE 58 3 42 -2 0 -1

EE 53 2 47 -2 0 0

IE 74 -1 26 1 0 0

EL 29 1 71 -1 0 0

ES 33 -3 67 3 0 0

FR 50 3 50 -3 0 0

IT 42 -1 58 1 0 0

CY 65 2 34 -3 1 1

LU 89 -2 11 2 0 0

MT 51 0 48 0 1 0

NL 75 1 25 0 0 -1

AT 69 1 31 0 0 -1

PT 41 2 59 -2 0 0

SI 77 -2 23 2 0 0

SK 60 -1 40 1 0 0

FI 56 -4 44 4 0 0

Q7 Est-ce que vous voyagez au moins une fois par an hors de votre pays ?

Q7 Do you travel at least once a year outside your country?

Q7 Verreisen Sie mindestens einmal im Jahr ins Ausland?

NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

Oui

Yes

Ja

Non

No

Nein

T15


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362BE 52 3 39 1 9 -4

DE 53 1 33 -3 14 2

EE 54 7 18 -5 28 -2

IE 81 1 12 -2 7 1

EL 42 -1 41 -3 17 4

ES 50 -2 38 1 12 1

FR 46 1 45 0 9 -1

IT 37 -4 45 0 18 4

CY 48 0 40 -2 12 2

LU 52 -5 38 4 10 1

MT 69 12 16 -6 15 -6

NL 52 1 37 2 11 -3

AT 56 4 32 -2 12 -2

PT 50 -2 33 -2 17 4

SI 44 -1 43 -1 13 2

SK 47 0 35 -6 18 6

FI 62 1 22 2 16 -3

Q8.1 Meinen Sie, dass der Euro …? Das Reisen einfacher und kostengünstiger gemacht hat

Q8.1 Pensez-vous que l’euro… ? A rendu les déplacements plus faciles et moins couteux

Q8.1 Do you think that the euro...? Has made travelling easier and less costly

Oui NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

Yes

Ja

Non

No

Nein

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362BE 79 4 16 -4 5 0

DE 79 2 12 -3 9 1

EE 66 3 6 -2 28 -1

IE 91 -1 6 1 3 0

EL 70 -4 12 3 18 1

ES 74 0 14 1 12 -1

FR 66 0 29 -1 5 1

IT 69 -3 13 2 18 1

CY 78 -1 12 0 10 1

LU 84 3 13 -4 3 1

MT 85 4 6 -1 9 -3

NL 81 2 14 0 5 -2

AT 78 -3 14 2 8 1

PT 74 1 11 -3 15 2

SI 73 -4 18 3 9 1

SK 65 -2 16 -4 19 6

FI 80 -1 6 -1 14 2

Q8.2 Meinen Sie, dass der Euro …? Es einfacher für Sie gemacht hat, Preise zu vergleichen, wenn Sie sich in anderen Ländern der EU aufhalten

Q8.2 Pensez-vous que l’euro… ? Vous a permis de comparer plus facilement les prix entre les différents pays de l'UE

Q8.2 Do you think that the euro...? Has made it easier for you to compare prices when in different EU countries

Oui NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

Yes

Ja

Non

No

Nein

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362BE 42 3 39 1 19 -4

DE 23 2 33 -1 44 -1

EE 13 -2 13 1 74 1

IE 45 -5 30 6 25 -1

EL 32 -5 24 0 44 5

ES 32 -1 38 -1 30 2

FR 30 0 45 -1 25 1

IT 24 1 32 -1 44 0

CY 40 -2 29 5 31 -3

LU 38 -1 37 -5 25 6

MT 60 2 12 0 28 -2

NL 43 -5 33 2 24 3

AT 32 -1 31 2 37 -1

PT 35 -1 27 -5 38 6

SI 40 2 35 -2 25 0

SK 30 5 33 -7 37 2

FI 34 -2 23 -3 43 5

Q8.3 Meinen Sie, dass der Euro …?

Die Bankgebühren bei Reisen in anderen EU-Ländern verringert hat (z.B. wenn Sie Geld von einem Geldautomaten abheben)

Q8.3 Pensez-vous que l’euro… ? A réduit les frais de commission bancaire lors de séjour dans d'autres pays de l'UE (par ex. lors de retraits DAB)

Q8.3 Do you think that the euro...? Has reduced banking charges when travelling in different EU countries (e.g. when withdrawing money from an ATM)

Oui NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

Yes

Ja

Non

No

Nein

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BE 14 5 66 -5 9 -1 11 1

DE 15 5 63 -4 11 2 11 -3

EE 15 3 43 -6 5 -2 37 5

IE 17 1 53 -1 19 1 11 -1

EL 4 1 81 -4 6 2 9 1

ES 6 1 83 -2 3 0 8 1

FR 6 -2 71 -3 15 4 8 1

IT 4 -1 83 3 2 0 11 -2

CY 6 -3 69 3 5 0 20 0

LU 11 1 66 -4 13 3 10 0

MT 12 2 61 1 2 0 25 -3

NL 15 -2 59 -7 15 4 11 5

AT 18 3 52 -6 14 1 16 2

PT 6 1 82 2 3 -2 9 -1

SI 10 0 72 -2 7 3 11 -1

SK 12 -1 59 -5 9 -2 20 8

FI 22 1 46 -5 10 0 22 4

Q9 Pensez-vous que le degré de coordination des politiques économiques, et notamment budgétaires, est approprié dans la zone euro ? Pensez-vous qu'il faudrait augmenter ou réduire la coordination entre les gouvernements de la zone euro ? Q9 Do you think that the degree to which economic policy, including budgetary policies, is coordinated in the euro area is appropriate? Should there be more or less coordination among euro-area governments? Q9 Sind Sie der Meinung, dass das Ausmaß der wirtschaftspolitischen Abstimmung in der Eurozone, einschließlich der Haushaltspolitik, angemessen ist? Sollte es eine stärkere oder eine weniger starke Abstimmung zwischen den Regierungen der Eurozone geben?

Approprié

Appropriate

Das Ausmaß der Abstimmung ist

angemessen

Il devrait y avoir plus de coordination

There should be more coordination

Es sollte eine stärkere Abstimmung geben

Il devrait y avoir moins de coordination

There should be less coordination

Es sollte einer weniger starke Abstimmung

geben

NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

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BE 35 0 48 1 9 1 5 -1 3 -1 83 1 14 0

DE 27 -3 47 4 16 3 5 -2 5 -2 74 1 21 1

EE 36 -3 36 -3 11 1 4 2 13 3 72 -6 15 3

IE 42 -6 46 9 6 -2 3 -2 3 1 88 3 9 -4

EL 51 -4 21 0 7 0 16 2 5 2 72 -4 23 2

ES 40 1 27 -1 8 -1 21 2 4 -1 67 0 29 1

FR 34 -1 47 -1 7 0 10 2 2 0 81 -2 17 2

IT 62 -3 29 4 3 -1 3 0 3 0 91 1 6 -1

CY 80 3 9 -4 3 2 3 -1 5 0 89 -1 6 1

LU 33 5 51 -6 6 -1 6 1 4 1 84 -1 12 0

MT 53 2 30 1 7 1 3 -2 7 -2 83 3 10 -1

NL 27 -5 49 3 15 1 5 0 4 1 76 -2 20 1

AT 35 -3 43 1 12 2 5 -1 5 1 78 -2 17 1

PT 39 -1 33 1 9 0 14 -2 5 2 72 0 23 -2

SI 67 2 18 -5 7 2 6 1 2 0 85 -3 13 3

SK 45 9 35 -9 10 -2 5 0 5 2 80 0 15 -2

FI 22 6 55 -4 14 -3 2 -1 7 2 77 2 16 -4

Q10.1 Les gouvernements de tous les pays de la zone euro mettent en œuvre différentes réformes économiques, telles que des réformes du marché du travail, des retraites, de la sécurité sociale ou du système de santé, du système éducatif ou d'ouverture de certains secteurs à la concurrence. Diriez-vous que vous êtes d'accord ou non pour chacune des affirmations suivantes concernant de telles réformes ?

Nous avons besoin de réformes significatives afin d’améliorer la performance de notre économie

Q10.1 Governments in all euro-area countries are implementing various economic reforms, such as labour market reforms, pension, social security or healthcare reforms, reforms of education systems or market reforms to open sectors to competition. Would you agree or disagree with the following statements related to such reforms?


Q10.1 Die Regierungen in allen Ländern der Eurozone führen verschiedene wirtschaftliche Reformen durch, wie z.B. Arbeitsmarktreformen, Rentenreformen, Sozialversicherungsreformen oder Gesundheitsreformen, Reformen des Bildungssystems oder Marktreformen, um bestimmte Wirtschaftsbereiche für den Wettbewerb zu öffnen. Würden Sie den folgenden Aussagen zu solchen Reformen zustimmen oder nicht zustimmen?

Es gibt einen Bedarf an bedeutenden Reformen, um die Leistung unserer Wirtschaft zu verbessern

Tout a fait d'accord

Plutôt pas d'accord NSP/SR Total 'Pas

d'accord'

Tend to disagree

Stimme eher nicht zu

Pas du tout d'accord

Totally disagree

Stimme überhaupt nicht zu

Totally agree

Stimme voll und ganz zu

Plutôt d'accord

Tend to agree

Stimme eher zu

Total 'Disagree'

Gesamt 'Stimme nicht

zu'

DK/NA

WN/KA

Total 'D'accord'

Total 'Agree'

Gesamt 'Stimme zu'

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BE 21 -1 45 4 20 4 8 -7 6 0 66 3 28 -3

DE 6 -3 27 4 37 2 15 -3 15 0 33 1 52 -1

EE 9 1 25 0 16 -4 13 -1 37 4 34 1 29 -5

IE 13 -1 47 6 21 -2 8 -2 11 -1 60 5 29 -4

EL 14 1 16 -2 22 -1 37 0 11 2 30 -1 59 -1

ES 13 0 23 1 22 2 33 -4 9 1 36 1 55 -2

FR 10 -2 33 -1 30 2 20 -2 7 3 43 -3 50 0

IT 10 -3 20 -5 31 3 26 4 13 1 30 -8 57 7

CY 23 -2 22 8 16 -2 24 0 15 -4 45 6 40 -2

LU 11 0 43 -5 23 3 13 2 10 0 54 -5 36 5

MT 29 9 33 12 11 -8 8 -4 19 -9 62 21 19 -12

NL 24 -2 44 0 18 0 9 1 5 1 68 -2 27 1

AT 6 -3 34 1 35 4 13 -2 12 0 40 -2 48 2

PT 15 1 28 4 20 -1 27 -5 10 1 43 5 47 -6

SI 28 -2 23 -8 18 0 24 9 7 1 51 -10 42 9

SK 19 8 33 -2 25 -7 12 -2 11 3 52 6 37 -9

FI 5 -1 36 -1 34 -3 9 3 16 2 41 -2 43 0


Je pense que les réformes qui ont du succès dans les autres pays de la zone euro ont facilité les réformes dans notre pays




Ich denke, erfolgreiche Reformen in anderen Ländern der Eurozone haben Reformen in unserem Land erleichtert



d'accord'

Tend to disagree



Totally disagree


Totally agree


Plutôt d'accord

Tend to agree

Stimme eher zu

Total 'Disagree'


zu'

DK/NA

WN/KA

Total 'D'accord'

Total 'Agree'

Gesamt 'Stimme zu'

T21


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BE 51 -1 34 2 8 1 5 -2 2 0 85 1 13 -1

DE 52 3 30 3 10 0 5 -5 3 -1 82 6 15 -5

EE 41 1 30 -2 10 1 9 1 10 -1 71 -1 19 2

IE 56 -3 31 3 8 2 3 -1 2 -1 87 0 11 1

EL 39 -3 23 2 11 1 21 0 6 0 62 -1 32 1

ES 45 -5 21 3 9 1 20 0 5 1 66 -2 29 1

FR 49 -3 32 -1 8 0 9 3 2 1 81 -4 17 3

IT 51 -1 25 -2 9 0 10 3 5 0 76 -3 19 3

CY 59 -11 16 4 6 3 12 7 7 -3 75 -7 18 10

LU 51 6 35 -5 5 -3 5 0 4 2 86 1 10 -3

MT 75 -1 16 1 4 1 3 -1 2 0 91 0 7 0

NL 32 -6 37 -1 19 4 9 1 3 2 69 -7 28 5

AT 43 0 36 5 11 -1 7 -3 3 -1 79 5 18 -4

PT 60 -5 21 2 4 1 11 0 4 2 81 -3 15 1

SI 51 -2 18 -7 10 0 17 7 4 2 69 -9 27 7

SK 45 3 26 -4 13 -3 11 2 5 2 71 -1 24 -1

FI 25 -2 52 -3 15 2 2 1 6 2 77 -5 17 3


Les gouvernements doivent économiser davantage aujourd’hui afin de préparer les finances publiques au vieillissement des populations



Q10.3 Die Regierungen in allen Ländern der Eurozone führen verschiedene wirtschaftliche Reformen durch, wie z.B. Arbeitsmarktreformen, Rentenreformen, Sozialversicherungsreformen oder Gesundheitsreformen, Reformen des Bildungssystems oder Marktreformen, um bestimmte Wirtschaftsbereiche für den Wettbewerb zu öffnen. Würden Sie den folgenden Aussagen zu solchen Reformen zustimmen oder nicht zustimmen? Die Regierungen müssen heute mehr Geld sparen, um die öffentlichen Finanzen auf die Auswirkungen der alternden Bevölkerung vorzubereiten



d'accord'

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zu'

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Total 'Agree'

Gesamt 'Stimme zu'

T22


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BE 16 -4 23 2 28 6 30 -4 3 0 39 -2 58 2

DE 8 -4 9 -4 26 4 53 3 4 1 17 -8 79 7

EE 12 4 14 -1 16 -2 52 -1 6 0 26 3 68 -3

IE 14 -6 26 5 23 2 34 0 3 -1 40 -1 57 2

EL 13 2 8 0 14 4 63 -6 2 0 21 2 77 -2

ES 8 -3 9 0 17 1 63 3 3 -1 17 -3 80 4

FR 20 -2 24 5 20 -1 34 -2 2 0 44 3 54 -3

IT 9 -5 8 -4 22 3 58 6 3 0 17 -9 80 9

CY 20 0 7 0 12 0 55 -2 6 2 27 0 67 -2

LU 15 2 25 -3 26 0 30 1 4 0 40 -1 56 1

MT 14 3 15 4 17 5 49 -14 5 2 29 7 66 -9

NL 19 -10 29 0 25 6 24 3 3 1 48 -10 49 9

AT 18 -2 20 1 24 3 35 -1 3 -1 38 -1 59 2

PT 12 -2 12 -2 14 0 59 3 3 1 24 -4 73 3

SI 21 -6 16 -6 13 -2 46 13 4 1 37 -12 59 11

SK 8 -1 9 0 22 -3 58 2 3 2 17 -1 80 -1

FI 13 4 28 3 37 -6 18 -2 4 1 41 7 55 -8


L'âge de départ à la retraite devrait être retardé pour garantir la pérennité de notre système de retraite




Das Renteneintrittsalter sollte angehoben werden, um die Nachhaltigkeit des Rentensystems zu gewährleisten



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T23


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BE 29 -2 43 1 17 5 7 -1 4 -3 72 -1 24 4

DE 35 -4 33 3 16 3 8 -2 8 0 68 -1 24 1

EE 22 -1 27 -1 14 -1 12 1 25 2 49 -2 26 0

IE 24 -10 46 10 17 3 9 -2 4 -1 70 0 26 1

EL 50 -4 21 -1 8 2 16 3 5 0 71 -5 24 5

ES 44 -6 26 4 9 2 15 0 6 0 70 -2 24 2

FR 40 0 37 2 10 -3 10 0 3 1 77 2 20 -3

IT 53 -2 27 -2 7 2 7 3 6 -1 80 -4 14 5

CY 52 -3 16 3 5 -1 12 -2 15 3 68 0 17 -3

LU 33 0 37 -11 15 5 9 4 6 2 70 -11 24 9

MT 46 5 24 0 10 -2 5 -3 15 0 70 5 15 -5

NL 21 -4 35 -1 25 2 15 3 4 0 56 -5 40 5

AT 24 -9 36 8 21 4 13 -2 6 -1 60 -1 34 2

PT 47 1 30 3 6 -1 10 -3 7 0 77 4 16 -4

SI 45 7 23 -7 11 -1 15 4 6 -3 68 0 26 3

SK 28 4 34 -5 17 -4 11 2 10 3 62 -1 28 -2

FI 9 0 40 -6 32 2 8 2 11 2 49 -6 40 4


Les réformes économiques seraient plus efficaces si elles étaient réalisées de façon coordonnée au niveau européen




Wirtschaftsreformen wären wirksamer, wenn sie koordiniert auf EU-Ebene durchgeführt würden



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T24


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BE 7 -1 3 0 4 -1 4 -1 1 -1

DE 16 -1 3 -1 4 0 7 -1 2 -1

EE 5 -1 2 0 3 0 5 0 4 -2

IE 10 1 3 1 7 0 6 -3 6 2

EL 1 -1 1 0 3 2 1 -2 2 0

ES 3 1 1 0 2 -1 1 0 0 0

FR 5 1 3 -1 4 2 3 1 3 1

IT 4 -1 3 -3 2 0 6 -1 2 -1

CY 5 0 2 -2 1 -2 1 -5 2 -2

LU 17 13 10 8 15 11 16 13 12 10

MT 6 -2 3 0 2 -1 4 -2 2 -1

NL 6 -5 2 -3 4 -1 8 -1 2 -2

AT 7 -6 2 -1 2 -1 7 -2 2 0

PT 3 1 1 1 2 0 2 0 1 0

SI 14 0 12 4 7 2 9 -1 10 2

SK 26 -26 9 -24 12 -25 12 -30 14 -19

FI 3 -2 1 -1 1 -1 6 -4 2 -1

Q11a Dans quels secteurs pensez-vous que les réformes ont eu les effets les plus POSITIFS sur l'économie de (NOTRE PAYS) ? (NE PAS LIRE - PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)Q11a In which sectors do you think reforms have had the most POSITIVE effect on the economy in (OUR COUNTRY)? (DO NOT READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)Q11a In welchen Bereichen hatten die Reformen Ihrer Meinung nach die POSITIVSTEN Auswirkungen auf die Wirtschaft in (UNSER LAND)? (NICHT VORLESEN - MEHRFACHANTWORTEN MÖGLICH)

Le marché du travail

Labour market

Arbeitsmarkt

Le système de retraite

Pension system

Rentensystem

La fiscalité

Taxation

Steuern

Le système de sécurité sociale


Sozialversicherungssystem

Les réformes sectorielles comme dans les télécoms, le

gaz et l'électricité (Par exemple libéralisation pour la concurrence, privatisations)

Market reforms, as in telecom, gas/electricity (e.g.

opening sectors for free competition, privatisation)

Reform von Märkten wie Telekom, Gas/Strom (z.B.

Öffnung von Märkten für den Wettbewerb,

Privatisierungen)

T25


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362BE 4 0 5 0 22 5 63 -3

DE 5 -4 6 0 18 4 57 2

EE 7 1 3 1 8 0 71 0

IE 9 -3 6 -5 23 1 49 2

EL 2 1 3 1 16 7 74 -8

ES 2 -1 2 0 19 4 73 -4

FR 2 -2 1 -1 22 -2 65 2

IT 2 -1 4 0 7 0 75 3

CY 3 -1 7 1 12 2 72 -1

LU 12 10 13 8 25 -3 42 -22

MT 10 -3 6 -1 22 5 55 2

NL 6 0 5 -4 30 6 52 1

AT 3 -2 5 -1 20 -1 63 11

PT 4 -1 2 0 24 3 69 -2

SI 8 -1 12 3 5 0 41 -8

SK 16 -27 13 -28 15 -18 37 17

FI 3 0 2 -2 14 0 72 4

Education systems Reforms in general Reforms in other specific areas DK/NA

Q11a Dans quels secteurs pensez-vous que les réformes ont eu les effets les plus POSITIFS sur l'économie de (NOTRE PAYS) ? (NE PAS LIRE - PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)Q11a In which sectors do you think reforms have had the most POSITIVE effect on the economy in (OUR COUNTRY)? (DO NOT READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

Reformen im Allgemeinen

Reformen in anderen speziellen Bereichen WN/KABildungssystem

NSP/SR

Q11a In welchen Bereichen hatten die Reformen Ihrer Meinung nach die POSITIVSTEN Auswirkungen auf die Wirtschaft in (UNSER LAND)? (NICHT VORLESEN - MEHRFACHANTWORTEN MÖGLICH)

Les systèmes éducatifs Des réformes en général

Des réformes dans d'autres secteurs

spécifiques

T26


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BE 17 1 3 -4 7 1 4 -2 3 -2

DE 11 -1 7 -5 6 0 5 0 6 -1

EE 6 0 6 -1 8 0 6 1 5 -2

IE 12 -2 7 0 7 -6 4 -1 9 -2

EL 24 -5 13 -4 16 -1 4 -1 7 -3

ES 23 -4 8 2 25 -2 1 -1 2 -3

FR 20 -1 8 0 7 -1 3 -1 8 3

IT 39 2 20 0 13 2 9 1 15 -4

CY 11 -11 6 -7 4 -8 2 -11 9 -6

LU 17 4 10 7 7 4 5 2 8 6

MT 4 -5 2 -2 2 -2 4 -3 1 -5

NL 14 0 6 -3 13 0 6 -1 5 -1

AT 9 -1 4 -1 3 -1 3 -2 4 -3

PT 13 1 7 4 7 2 3 1 4 0

SI 29 7 24 2 24 3 10 4 24 8

SK 18 -16 13 -23 19 -21 8 -19 14 -22

FI 6 1 2 -1 4 1 3 0 3 0

Q11b Dans quels secteurs pensez-vous que les réformes ont eu les effets les plus NEGATIFS sur l'économie de (NOTRE PAYS) ? (NE PAS LIRE - PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)Q11b In which sectors do you think reforms have had the most NEGATIVE effect on the economy in (OUR COUNTRY)? (DO NOT READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)Q11b In welchen Bereichen hatten die Reformen Ihrer Meinung nach die NEGATIVSTEN Auswirkungen auf die Wirtschaft in (UNSER LAND)? (NICHT VORLESEN - MEHRFACHANTWORTEN MÖGLICH)

Le marché du travail

Labour market

Arbeitsmarkt

Le système de retraite

Pension system

Rentensystem

La fiscalité

Taxation

Steuern

Le système de sécurité sociale


Sozialversicherungssystem

Les réformes sectorielles comme dans les télécoms, le gaz et

l'électricité (Par exemple libéralisation pour la

concurrence, privatisations)

Market reforms, as in telecom, gas/electricity (e.g. opening sectors for free competition,

privatisation)

Reform von Märkten wie Telekom, Gas/Strom (z.B.

Öffnung von Märkten für den Wettbewerb, Privatisierungen)

T27


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362BE 4 0 6 0 27 1 46 0

DE 7 -2 6 2 19 6 55 3

EE 5 -3 3 1 10 -1 68 6

IE 11 0 7 -2 29 -4 41 13

EL 18 0 14 -2 24 -3 30 2

ES 28 -5 13 -4 32 2 21 3

FR 5 -2 7 2 34 -2 35 1

IT 16 0 15 2 20 7 24 -6

CY 4 -5 12 2 18 6 56 2

LU 11 9 4 -1 22 -7 39 -15

MT 1 -2 4 -1 15 0 71 13

NL 11 -3 6 -1 40 11 31 -6

AT 3 -4 6 0 23 1 55 7

PT 15 2 8 -1 40 0 37 1

SI 15 -1 14 5 8 -1 18 -16

SK 14 -18 9 -16 16 -11 31 10

FI 1 0 4 1 21 -1 61 -1

Education systems Reforms in general Reforms in other specific areas DK/NA

Q11b Dans quels secteurs pensez-vous que les réformes ont eu les effets les plus NEGATIFS sur l'économie de (NOTRE PAYS) ? (NE PAS LIRE - PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)Q11b In which sectors do you think reforms have had the most NEGATIVE effect on the economy in (OUR COUNTRY)? (DO NOT READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)

Reformen im Allgemeinen Reformen in anderen speziellen Bereichen WN/KABildungssystem

NSP/SR

Q11b In welchen Bereichen hatten die Reformen Ihrer Meinung nach die NEGATIVSTEN Auswirkungen auf die Wirtschaft in (UNSER LAND)? (NICHT VORLESEN - MEHRFACHANTWORTEN MÖGLICH)

Les systèmes éducatifs Des réformes en généralDes réformes dans d'autres secteurs

spécifiques

T28


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BE 63 -5 32 3 2 1 1 0 2 1 95 -2 3 1

DE 59 -2 34 3 4 -1 1 0 2 0 93 1 5 -1

EE 45 -1 39 1 6 0 2 0 8 0 84 0 8 0

IE 73 5 21 -2 3 -2 1 -1 2 0 94 3 4 -3

EL 58 -4 29 4 2 -1 8 0 3 1 87 0 10 -1

ES 65 3 22 -2 2 -3 7 1 4 1 87 1 9 -2

FR 63 -2 33 2 2 0 2 1 0 -1 96 0 4 1

IT 87 5 10 -2 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 97 3 2 -2

CY 71 1 19 -3 3 1 3 1 4 0 90 -2 6 2

LU 67 2 27 -3 2 0 2 0 2 1 94 -1 4 0

MT 84 6 9 -7 2 0 1 0 4 1 93 -1 3 0

NL 57 1 36 0 4 0 2 0 1 -1 93 1 6 0

AT 70 4 25 -1 3 -2 1 0 1 -1 95 3 4 -2

PT 65 -6 28 5 4 1 2 0 1 0 93 -1 6 1

SI 67 7 20 -8 5 0 4 0 4 1 87 -1 9 0

SK 77 6 17 -7 2 -1 2 1 2 1 94 -1 4 0

FI 59 6 34 -5 3 -2 2 1 2 0 93 1 5 -1

Q12.1 Selon vous, dans quelle mesure est-il important que le gouvernement de (NOTRE PAYS) introduise des réformes dans chacun des secteurs suivants afin de renforcer la croissance et l'emploi ? Le marché du travail

Q12.1 In your opinion, how important is it that the government in (OUR COUNTRY) should introduce reforms in each of the following areas to help increase growth and employment? Labour market

Q12.1 Wie wichtig ist es Ihrer Meinung nach, dass die Regierung in (UNSER LAND) in den folgenden Bereichen Reformen durchführt, um Wirtschaftswachstum und Beschäftigung zu fördern? Arbeitsmarkt

Très important Plutôt pas important NSP/SR Total 'Pas

important'

Not very important

Nicht sehr wichtig

Pas important du tout


Überhaupt nicht wichtig

Very important

Sehr wichtig

Plutôt important

Quite important

Ziemlich wichtig

Total 'Not important'

Gesamt 'Nicht wichtig'

DK/NA

WN/KA

Total 'Important'

Total 'Important'

Gesamt 'Wichtig'

T29


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BE 60 -1 31 3 6 -1 1 -1 2 0 91 2 7 -2

DE 59 2 31 1 8 -1 1 -1 1 -1 90 3 9 -2

EE 51 -2 33 -2 6 2 2 1 8 1 84 -4 8 3

IE 86 3 11 -1 3 1 0 -1 0 -2 97 2 3 0

EL 68 -4 21 2 2 1 6 0 3 1 89 -2 8 1

ES 61 3 19 -3 5 -2 11 2 4 0 80 0 16 0

FR 57 1 35 0 5 -1 2 0 1 0 92 1 7 -1

IT 71 6 20 -5 7 2 1 -1 1 -2 91 1 8 1

CY 68 -2 22 0 4 1 2 0 4 1 90 -2 6 1

LU 60 1 27 -4 9 2 2 1 2 0 87 -3 11 3

MT 84 7 12 0 2 -2 0 -4 2 -1 96 7 2 -6

NL 57 -3 33 1 7 2 1 0 2 0 90 -2 8 2

AT 62 1 27 1 8 1 2 -2 1 -1 89 2 10 -1

PT 63 -2 29 1 5 2 2 -1 1 0 92 -1 7 1

SI 61 12 23 -5 8 -6 4 -2 4 1 84 7 12 -8

SK 69 -4 20 -1 5 2 2 0 4 3 89 -5 7 2

FI 57 -3 34 2 5 0 2 1 2 0 91 -1 7 1

Q12.2 Selon vous, dans quelle mesure est-il important que le gouvernement de (NOTRE PAYS) introduise des réformes dans chacun des secteurs suivants afin de renforcer la croissance et l'emploi ? Le système de santé

Q12.2 In your opinion, how important is it that the government in (OUR COUNTRY) should introduce reforms in each of the following areas to help increase growth and employment? Health system

Q12.2 Wie wichtig ist es Ihrer Meinung nach, dass die Regierung in (UNSER LAND) in den folgenden Bereichen Reformen durchführt, um Wirtschaftswachstum und Beschäftigung zu fördern? Gesundheitssystem


important'

Not very important

Nicht sehr wichtig




Very important

Sehr wichtig

Plutôt important

Quite important

Ziemlich wichtig



DK/NA

WN/KA

Total 'Important'

Total 'Important'

Gesamt 'Wichtig'

T30


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BE 54 1 37 -1 6 2 1 -2 2 0 91 0 7 0

DE 56 -3 34 4 7 1 1 0 2 -2 90 1 8 1

EE 38 1 36 -1 10 1 2 -1 14 0 74 0 12 0

IE 55 4 37 2 4 -4 2 0 2 -2 92 6 6 -4

EL 52 -7 29 3 6 2 8 0 5 2 81 -4 14 2

ES 53 8 26 -7 6 -2 11 1 4 0 79 1 17 -1

FR 54 2 38 0 4 -3 3 1 1 0 92 2 7 -2

IT 60 2 27 1 7 -2 3 0 3 -1 87 3 10 -2

CY 54 -1 28 3 7 -1 5 -1 6 0 82 2 12 -2

LU 57 4 29 -7 9 4 2 -1 3 0 86 -3 11 3

MT 74 4 18 -1 2 -3 2 -1 4 1 92 3 4 -4

NL 36 -2 42 -4 15 5 4 1 3 0 78 -6 19 6

AT 60 -1 29 2 6 -1 2 -1 3 1 89 1 8 -2

PT 43 -5 44 1 7 2 3 1 3 1 87 -4 10 3

SI 50 -4 24 -3 12 1 8 3 6 3 74 -7 20 4

SK 64 4 23 -7 6 0 3 1 4 2 87 -3 9 1

FI 31 -2 46 0 14 -1 5 2 4 1 77 -2 19 1

Q12.3 Selon vous, dans quelle mesure est-il important que le gouvernement de (NOTRE PAYS) introduise des réformes dans chacun des secteurs suivants afin de renforcer la croissance et l'emploi ? Le système de retraites

Q12.3 In your opinion, how important is it that the government in (OUR COUNTRY) should introduce reforms in each of the following areas to help increase growth and employment? Pension system

Q12.3 Wie wichtig ist es Ihrer Meinung nach, dass die Regierung in (UNSER LAND) in den folgenden Bereichen Reformen durchführt, um Wirtschaftswachstum und Beschäftigung zu fördern? Rentensystem


important'

Not very important

Nicht sehr wichtig




Very important

Sehr wichtig

Plutôt important

Quite important

Ziemlich wichtig



DK/NA

WN/KA

Total 'Important'

Total 'Important'

Gesamt 'Wichtig'

T31


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BE 50 0 38 -1 8 2 2 0 2 -1 88 -1 10 2

DE 42 -1 39 3 13 0 2 0 4 -2 81 2 15 0

EE 42 3 36 -3 7 1 2 0 13 -1 78 0 9 1

IE 54 -1 36 5 6 -3 1 -1 3 0 90 4 7 -4

EL 57 -4 28 1 4 1 7 1 4 1 85 -3 11 2

ES 55 4 27 -2 5 -1 10 1 3 -2 82 2 15 0

FR 51 -3 37 4 8 -1 3 0 1 0 88 1 11 -1

IT 56 2 33 2 6 0 2 -1 3 -3 89 4 8 -1

CY 49 -7 29 6 9 2 3 -3 10 2 78 -1 12 -1

LU 52 -3 30 -3 11 3 3 1 4 2 82 -6 14 4

MT 70 8 17 -9 5 -1 3 2 5 0 87 -1 8 1

NL 34 -4 46 3 15 0 2 0 3 1 80 -1 17 0

AT 48 -1 34 2 13 1 3 -1 2 -1 82 1 16 0

PT 45 -3 43 2 6 0 3 1 3 0 88 -1 9 1

SI 53 5 26 -5 9 -1 6 1 6 0 79 0 15 0

SK 61 4 25 -7 8 0 2 0 4 3 86 -3 10 0

FI 39 2 42 -3 13 -1 3 2 3 0 81 -1 16 1

Q12.4 Selon vous, dans quelle mesure est-il important que le gouvernement de (NOTRE PAYS) introduise des réformes dans chacun des secteurs suivants afin de renforcer la croissance et l'emploi ? Le système de sécurité sociale

Q12.4 In your opinion, how important is it that the government in (OUR COUNTRY) should introduce reforms in each of the following areas to help increase growth and employment? Social security system

Q12.4 Wie wichtig ist es Ihrer Meinung nach, dass die Regierung in (UNSER LAND) in den folgenden Bereichen Reformen durchführt, um Wirtschaftswachstum und Beschäftigung zu fördern? Sozialversicherungssystem


important'

Not very important

Nicht sehr wichtig




Very important

Sehr wichtig

Plutôt important

Quite important

Ziemlich wichtig



DK/NA

WN/KA

Total 'Important'

Total 'Important'

Gesamt 'Wichtig'

T32


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BE 40 -6 42 6 12 1 3 -1 3 0 82 0 15 0

DE 27 -7 32 2 26 3 9 3 6 -1 59 -5 35 6

EE 22 3 31 -2 17 -1 6 1 24 -1 53 1 23 0

IE 45 -2 37 4 11 -2 4 0 3 0 82 2 15 -2

EL 37 -11 33 4 13 4 10 2 7 1 70 -7 23 6

ES 40 2 29 1 13 -1 11 -1 7 -1 69 3 24 -2

FR 21 -1 38 -1 23 -1 14 2 4 1 59 -2 37 1

IT 42 -2 32 -1 14 4 6 0 6 -1 74 -3 20 4

CY 45 -14 29 5 8 1 6 3 12 5 74 -9 14 4

LU 26 -2 36 -2 26 7 8 -3 4 0 62 -4 34 4

MT 70 11 18 -5 5 0 1 -4 6 -2 88 6 6 -4

NL 20 2 33 -4 32 -1 11 3 4 0 53 -2 43 2

AT 27 -3 35 4 25 0 8 -2 5 1 62 1 33 -2

PT 32 4 44 5 14 -5 5 -3 5 -1 76 9 19 -8

SI 39 -4 25 -6 16 3 11 6 9 1 64 -10 27 9

SK 40 9 32 -8 16 -4 5 0 7 3 72 1 21 -4

FI 18 0 43 -1 25 -1 5 1 9 1 61 -1 30 0

Q12.5 Selon vous, dans quelle mesure est-il important que le gouvernement de (NOTRE PAYS) introduise des réformes dans chacun des secteurs suivants afin de renforcer la croissance et l'emploi ? Des réformes sectorielles comme dans les télécoms, le gaz et l'électricité (Par exemple libéralisation pour la concurrence, privatisations)Q12.5 In your opinion, how important is it that the government in (OUR COUNTRY) should introduce reforms in each of the following areas to help increase growth and employment? Market reforms, as in telecom, gas/electricity (e.g. opening sectors for free competition, privatisation)

Q12.5 Wie wichtig ist es Ihrer Meinung nach, dass die Regierung in (UNSER LAND) in den folgenden Bereichen Reformen durchführt, um Wirtschaftswachstum und Beschäftigung zu fördern? Reform von Märkten wie Telekom, Gas/Strom (z.B. Öffnung von Märkten für den Wettbewerb, Privatisierungen)


important'

Not very important

Nicht sehr wichtig




Very important

Sehr wichtig

Plutôt important

Quite important

Ziemlich wichtig



DK/NA

WN/KA

Total 'Important'

Total 'Important'

Gesamt 'Wichtig'

T33


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BE 41 4 43 2 10 -2 3 -2 3 -2 84 6 13 -4

DE 42 0 36 1 14 1 4 0 4 -2 78 1 18 1

EE 30 6 33 -4 14 0 6 0 17 -2 63 2 20 0

IE 47 1 35 1 12 0 2 -2 4 0 82 2 14 -2

EL 51 -8 26 3 7 2 11 2 5 1 77 -5 18 4

ES 42 3 27 0 12 -1 13 -1 6 -1 69 3 25 -2

FR 42 2 42 3 10 -3 4 -1 2 -1 84 5 14 -4

IT 75 6 17 -2 3 0 3 -1 2 -3 92 4 6 -1

CY 45 -9 29 7 7 -1 13 4 6 -1 74 -2 20 3

LU 38 8 39 -7 15 1 5 0 3 -2 77 1 20 1

MT 56 9 23 -2 6 -5 5 0 10 -2 79 7 11 -5

NL 27 1 46 1 19 -2 4 0 4 0 73 2 23 -2

AT 41 -3 39 8 12 -3 4 -1 4 -1 80 5 16 -4

PT 37 1 37 3 12 -4 8 0 6 0 74 4 20 -4

SI 40 -1 22 -8 15 1 16 7 7 1 62 -9 31 8

SK 53 12 27 -8 10 -5 3 -2 7 3 80 4 13 -7

FI 34 2 44 -2 14 0 3 0 5 0 78 0 17 0

Q12.6 Selon vous, dans quelle mesure est-il important que le gouvernement de (NOTRE PAYS) introduise des réformes dans chacun des secteurs suivants afin de renforcer la croissance et l'emploi ? La fiscalité

Q12.6 In your opinion, how important is it that the government in (OUR COUNTRY) should introduce reforms in each of the following areas to help increase growth and employment? Taxation

Q12.6 Wie wichtig ist es Ihrer Meinung nach, dass die Regierung in (UNSER LAND) in den folgenden Bereichen Reformen durchführt, um Wirtschaftswachstum und Beschäftigung zu fördern? Steuern


important'

Not very important

Nicht sehr wichtig




Very important

Sehr wichtig

Plutôt important

Quite important

Ziemlich wichtig



DK/NA

WN/KA

Total 'Important'

Total 'Important'

Gesamt 'Wichtig'

T34


%

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BE 55 -1 31 3 9 -1 2 -2 3 1 86 2 11 -3

DE 69 1 23 2 5 -1 1 -1 2 -1 92 3 6 -2

EE 37 5 30 -9 11 0 5 0 17 4 67 -4 16 0

IE 71 4 20 -1 6 -1 2 0 1 -2 91 3 8 -1

EL 60 -9 23 3 5 3 6 1 6 2 83 -6 11 4

ES 65 4 19 0 3 -3 9 0 4 -1 84 4 12 -3

FR 53 -6 34 4 8 1 4 1 1 0 87 -2 12 2

IT 74 9 19 -4 4 -1 1 -1 2 -3 93 5 5 -2

CY 53 -1 25 1 8 -1 5 0 9 1 78 0 13 -1

LU 71 4 19 -4 4 -1 2 -1 4 2 90 0 6 -2

MT 72 7 16 -2 6 -2 2 -2 4 -1 88 5 8 -4

NL 54 -2 28 -3 12 4 3 1 3 0 82 -5 15 5

AT 74 1 18 -1 5 0 1 0 2 0 92 0 6 0

PT 62 3 30 -1 4 -1 2 -1 2 0 92 2 6 -2

SI 46 3 27 -5 12 0 9 3 6 -1 73 -2 21 3

SK 64 7 22 -10 6 -1 3 1 5 3 86 -3 9 0

FI 31 -2 33 -5 24 4 8 3 4 0 64 -7 32 7

Q12.7 Selon vous, dans quelle mesure est-il important que le gouvernement de (NOTRE PAYS) introduise des réformes dans chacun des secteurs suivants afin de renforcer la croissance et l'emploi ? Les Systèmes éducatifs

Q12.7 In your opinion, how important is it that the government in (OUR COUNTRY) should introduce reforms in each of the following areas to help increase growth and employment? Education systems

Q12.7 Wie wichtig ist es Ihrer Meinung nach, dass die Regierung in (UNSER LAND) in den folgenden Bereichen Reformen durchführt, um Wirtschaftswachstum und Beschäftigung zu fördern? Bildungssystem


important'

Not very important

Nicht sehr wichtig




Very important

Sehr wichtig

Plutôt important

Quite important

Ziemlich wichtig



DK/NA

WN/KA

Total 'Important'

Total 'Important'

Gesamt 'Wichtig'

T35


%

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BE 10 6 35 9 22 -9 12 -5 5 -1 16 0

DE 6 0 47 0 30 1 7 0 3 0 7 -1

EE 2 1 13 3 29 -1 21 -1 4 -3 31 1

IE 10 1 34 2 28 0 12 1 5 -1 11 -3

EL 7 4 15 6 19 -2 17 -7 14 -2 28 1

ES 4 1 23 4 22 -4 13 -3 10 0 28 2

FR 18 10 37 -8 24 -2 10 -1 3 -1 8 2

IT 4 3 21 7 31 3 16 -7 10 0 18 -6

CY 5 3 13 4 18 0 7 -10 7 -2 50 5

LU 5 0 36 9 29 -8 8 -3 4 -1 18 3

MT 5 2 21 5 20 -4 10 -5 5 -4 39 6

NL 7 -1 40 -8 35 10 7 1 1 -1 10 -1

AT 3 -1 39 6 37 -6 11 2 2 -1 8 0

PT 6 4 16 4 22 -3 17 -4 11 -5 28 4

SI 7 3 28 0 30 -3 17 1 4 -1 14 0

SK 5 2 21 3 27 -9 16 -4 6 0 25 8

FI 6 1 39 0 34 -3 8 -1 3 2 10 1

Q13a Selon vous, quel était le taux d’inflation, c-à-d. l’augmentation moyenne des prix à la consommation, en (NOTRE PAYS) l’année dernière ? Q13a In your view, how high was the inflation rate, i.e. the average increase in consumer prices, in (OUR COUNTRY) last year? Q13a Was meinen Sie: Wie hoch war die Inflationsrate, d.h. die durchschnittliche Erhöhung der Verbraucherpreise in (UNSER LAND) im letzten Jahr?

En dessous de 1,5%

Below 1.5%

Unter 1,5 %

Entre 1,5 et 2,5%

Between 1.5 and 2.5%

Zwischen 1,5 und 2,5 %

Entre 2,5 et 4%

Between 2.5 and 4%

Zwischen 2,5 und 4 %

Entre 4 et 10%

Between 4 and 10%

Zwischen 4 und 10 %

Au dessus de 10%

Above 10%

Über 10 %

NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

T36


%

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362BE 37 -11 19 5 38 5 6 1

DE 48 -11 8 3 41 10 3 -2

EE 30 -13 13 0 36 7 21 6

IE 43 -9 11 -1 43 10 3 0

EL 36 -21 24 7 32 14 8 0

ES 36 -23 26 14 30 9 8 0

FR 42 -13 13 3 42 9 3 1

IT 50 -7 16 4 28 4 6 -1

CY 43 -15 21 5 21 4 15 6

LU 34 -13 12 1 46 10 8 2

MT 25 -24 21 11 31 5 23 8

NL 37 -16 17 4 44 12 2 0

AT 34 -15 15 6 47 8 4 1

PT 45 -21 15 3 35 18 5 0

SI 52 -11 12 4 32 8 4 -1

SK 45 -22 17 8 31 10 7 4

FI 36 -17 12 6 48 11 4 0

Q13b Qu’attendez-vous du taux d’inflation cette année ? Comparé à l’année dernière, sera-t-il :

Q13b What is your expectation regarding the inflation rate this year? Compared to last year, will it be:

Q13b Was erwarten Sie, wie sich die Inflationsrate dieses Jahr entwickeln wird? Wird sie im Vergleich zum letzten Jahr … sein?

Supérieur

Higher

Höher

Inférieur

Lower

Niedriger

Le même

The same

Genau gleich hoch

NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

T37


%

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362BE 23 -2 17 -4 58 8 2 -2

DE 29 5 17 -6 51 2 3 -1

EE 29 8 17 -5 51 -4 3 1

IE 14 2 53 -3 32 0 1 1

EL 2 0 83 -7 14 7 1 0

ES 6 3 59 -7 34 4 1 0

FR 17 -2 39 3 42 -2 2 1

IT 6 2 48 -1 42 -3 4 2

CY 7 1 76 15 16 -14 1 -2

LU 31 1 14 2 52 -4 3 1

MT 15 -2 19 -6 61 7 5 1

NL 20 -6 34 8 44 -3 2 1

AT 24 1 19 -5 55 5 2 -1

PT 5 0 66 2 28 -2 1 0

SI 11 2 45 0 42 -3 2 1

SK 17 1 30 -3 51 1 2 1

FI 20 -8 19 2 60 6 1 0

Q14a Comment a évolué le revenu de votre ménage depuis l’an passé ? Il…

Q14a How has your household income changed since last year? Has it:

Q14a Wie hat sich Ihr Haushaltseinkommen seit dem letzten Jahr verändert? Ist es ...?

A augmenté

Increased

Gestiegen

A diminué

Decreased

Gesunken

Est resté le même

Stayed the same

Gleich geblieben

NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

T38


%

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362BE 24 -2 9 -5 64 8 3 -1

DE 22 5 13 -4 63 1 2 -2

EE 28 -3 8 0 56 1 8 2

IE 16 1 38 -5 44 3 2 1

EL 7 0 56 -17 33 16 4 1

ES 13 1 35 -10 49 9 3 0

FR 13 -1 36 -4 50 5 1 0

IT 11 2 31 -1 53 -2 5 1

CY 5 -4 52 -3 34 4 9 3

LU 33 5 10 -2 53 -5 4 2

MT 36 5 10 -6 42 -3 12 4

NL 17 -1 28 3 52 -4 3 2

AT 22 0 13 -6 62 6 3 0

PT 7 2 49 -12 40 8 4 2

SI 12 3 35 -4 50 1 3 0

SK 23 4 19 -5 55 0 3 1

FI 21 -1 14 -2 63 3 2 0

Q14b Quelles sont vos attentes vis-à-vis du revenu de votre ménage cette année ? Il va…

Q14b What is your expectation regarding your household income this year? Will it:

Q14b Was erwarten Sie, wie sich Ihr Haushaltseinkommen in diesem Jahr entwickeln wird? Wird es …?

Augmenter

Increase

Steigen

Diminuer

Decrease

Sinken

Rester le même

Stay the same

Gleich bleiben

NSP/SR

DK/NA

WN/KA

T39

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