five types of rip currents: don’t get ripped!nsgl.gso.uri.edu/casg/casgn1202c.pdf · ·...

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Five Types of Rip Currents: Dont get ripped!As part of a national public awareness campaign, Dr. Beach describes five types of rip currents in simpleterms for beachgoers.

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Sea Grant Educator on PBS KidsSciGirlsA new episode of the acclaimed PBS Kids showSciGirls features a California Sea Grant educatorand three San Diego youth.

Soybean Diets for Farmed FishOff the coast of Baja, fish farmers are experimentingwith soybean diets to reduce industrys reliance onwild-caught forage species.

Study: DNA Barcodes to IDFish EggsWith advances in technology,Sea Grant scientists are seekingnew approaches for monitoringwhen, where and howsuccessfully fish reproduce.

Obama Appoints Key Postfor Whale ConservationFormer Knauss Fellow RyanWulff has been appointeddeputy U.S. commissioner to theInternational WhalingCommission. Another careerfast-tracked by a Sea Grantfellowship.

Climate Change inCaliforniaClimate change, its here and itsreal. Nine recent talks onclimates regional impacts andapproaches for adapting, as wellas a series of quick videos, arenow available through theCalifornia Sea Grant ExtensionClimate Change website.

california sea grant fellowship opportunities

Recent doctorates and highly qualified graduate students with interests in fisheries science, management ormarine policy are encouraged to apply.

2013 NOAA FisheriesSea Grant Fellowship in Marine Resource Economics

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Deadline: Jan. 25, 2013

2013 NOAA FisheriesSea Grant Fellowship in Population Dynamics Deadline: Jan. 25, 2013

John A. Knauss Marine Policy Fellowship Deadline: Feb. 15, 2013

news from sea grant partners

Dont Move a MusselStopping the spread of invasive mussels that hitchhike onwatercraft is a major concern among Western states. Read thenew action plan, developed collaboratively by participants at aregional workshop earlier this year.

New Online Community Tracks Healthof CAs OceanThe MPA Monitoring Enterprise launchesOceanspaces website to host and sharemonitoring data, and analyses, for the statesnetwork of marine protected areas.

A Guide to the Rockfishes, Thornyheads, andScorpionfishes of the Northeast Pacific by John L. Butler, Milton S. Love and Tom E. LaidigRockfishes and their close relatives are among the West Coastsmost important fishes. Yet identifying them is challenging atbest. This new book, with more than 400 photographs, is thefirst devoted solely to their identification.

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SciGirls

http://www-csgc.ucsd.edu/NEWSROOM/NEWSRELEASES/2012/documents/SciGirls.htm[2/7/2013 11:04:46 AM]

Theresa Talley (left) and San Diego SciGirls inspect bugs in a pit trap. Credit: SciGirls

Researcher:

Theresa Sinicrope TalleyCalifornia Sea GrantScripps Institution ofOceanographyUC San Diego858-534-4600 (work) 530-220-0818 (cell)[email protected]

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PBS Kids Show "SciGirls" Features Sea Grant Research

November 2, 2012Contact: Christina S. Johnson, [email protected]

A new episode of the acclaimed PBS Kids show "SciGirls"features California Sea Grant's Theresa Talley in actionwith young scientists.

In the episode "Habitat Havoc," Talley, an invasive speciesecologist with an active interest in K-12 education, leadsthree exuberant SciGirls on a science adventure to thebanks of the San Diego River.

There, they collect bugs, and compare tree leaves and soilsunder native arroyo willows and nonindigenous CanaryIsland date palms. Their sleuthing shows that there arefewer bugs living around the non-native palms. At theshow's end, their findings are presented to fellow students,and they ultimately convince the class to help plant abutterfly garden.

View the episode to learn more about their project and what

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SciGirls

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they learned.

Talley's mentoring project with SciGirls is based on her ownresearch "Testing the Effects of an Introduced Palm on aRiparian Invertebrate Community in Southern California,"recently published in PLoS ONE and supported byCalifornia Sea Grant.

SciGirls is a production of Twin Cities Public Television, Inc, with major fundingfrom the National Science Foundation. Its goal is to change how girls think aboutscience, technology, engineering and math through its TV show, games andinteractive online science community.

There are also resources for teachers.

Learn more about the SciGirls site for kids.

California Sea Grant is part of NOAA's National Sea Grant, a network of 33 university-based programs.

Home | Funding | Research | Extension | Education | Newsroom | Publications | About UsWebsite produced by California Sea Grant University of California, San Diego 2012. All rights reserved.

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FiveTypesofRips

http://www.csgc.ucsd.edu/NEWSROOM/NEWSRELEASES/2012/documents/FiveTypesofRips.htm[2/7/2013 11:05:11 AM]

Researcher:

Stephen P. LeathermanProfessor and Co-DirectorLaboratory for CoastalResearchFlorida International [email protected]

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YouTube: Dr. Beach on Rips

Break the Grip of the Rip

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Bar-gap rips on Outer Cape Cod, Mass. Credit: Stephen Leatherman

Five Types of Rip CurrentsDon't get ripped!

October 26, 2012Contact: Christina S. Johnson, [email protected], 858-822-5334

LA JOLLA As part of a national public awareness campaign, one of America'sforemost beach experts has recently described the five major types of rip currentsin terms that can be understood by non-scientists.

Three of these types of rip currents bar gap, structurally controlled and mega rips- are common in California.

Mega rips are especially relevant now, as the soft swells of summer are replaced by


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FiveTypesofRips


Photo: David Elder

bigger waves from the north Pacific.

Bigger waves mean stronger rip currents, as well as stronger longshore currentsand narrower, steeper beaches. But, it is the "rips" that pose the greatest danger topublic safety because they can so easily carry swimmers to deeper water,triggering panic the worst possible response.

According to a recent journal article, rip currents are responsible for more than 100deaths annually in the United States and for fully 80 percent of lifeguard rescues.

View NOAA Sea Grant's "Break the Grip of the Rip" campaign for more on swimmersafety.

"When people go to the beach, they should scan the beach, the water and thewaves for a few minutes," says Stephen Leatherman, aka Dr. Beach, author of "Ripcurrents: types and identification" published in Shore & Beach, the journal of theAmerican Shore & Beach Preservation Association.

Knowledge of these five types of rips is a way to build ocean smarts andawareness, both of which can help keep the beach fun, and safe, all year round.There should be no such thing as a bad day at the beach.

1) Bar-gap rips

(Above) An entire family stands at a beach in North Carolina in frontof what looks like a patch of calm water great for swimming. In actuality, it's thepath of a rip current, created by a gap in an offshore sand bar. Bar-gap rips are themost common type of rip current and thus the most dangerous to the public, butthey are also easy to spot in advance. Look for calm, darker water betweenareas where the waves are breaking. Polarized sun-glasses can help you spotthe dark patches.

2) Structurally controlled rips

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FiveTypesofRips


Photo: Stephen Leatherman(Above) Shell Beach in La Jolla, California at a very low tideon a surf-less day. The long, submerged rocks set up a well-known rip, known asthe Shell Beach Express. Structurally controlled rips are created by permanentfeatures along the coast, including submerged rocks, groins (jetties) or piers. Thelocations of these rips are somewhat predictable, particularly for certain swelldirections, and hence relatively easy to avoid. Surfers often use these rips as a"free ride" to the surf. For novice beach goers, they are hazardous.

3) Mega rips

FiveTypesofRips


Photo: Huntington Beach Lifeguards(Above) Huntington Beach in Orange County,California during a good swell. The swirl of white water past the surf is the tail endof the mega rip. The Huntington Beach Pier is about 1,800-feet in length.

Mega rips are formed by big waves, interacting with underwater formations, such ascanyons or reefs, that focus rebounding wave energy. In general, the bigger thewaves, the stronger the currents. Why? Bigger waves pump more water onto thebeach and all the extra water must be drained away in either longshore or ripcurrents.

If the surf is up, it's best to avoid swimming unless you have ocean experience.Even good pool swimmers can get freaked by nature's unrelenting playfulness.

4) Flash rips

FiveTypesofRips


Photo: Delaware Sea Grant(Above) Flash rips, marked by the red arrows, at a beach inDelaware. How can you tell these are rips? Look how the white water extendsbeyond the breaker zone and is climbing up the faces of the incoming waves. Thefoam is being carried in the rip. Watching the white water is good way to mentallytag what is going on in the surf zone. You can also look carefully at the texture ofthe water's surface to help you follow the direction of water movement.

Flash rips are mostly an East Coast phenomenon. On days when flash rips arepossible, you will feel the wind on your face; the surf will be junky and blown-out,and there will be white caps farther out. Flash rips are very temporary andvariable and weaker than rips created by true ocean swells. They can still bedangerous because of their unpredictability.

5) Cusped-shore rips

FiveTypesofRips


Photo: Chris Houser



Not a phenomenon found in California. These rips form on superflat beaches with sugary sand and offshore shoals mounds of sand as opposedto long linear sand bars. The shoals steer nearshore currents, creating bow-shaped, scalloped or meandering shorelines. Pictured above is a beach on theFlorida Panhandle with these characteristics. Note the sand cusps. Rips will form inthe calmer water the embayments between the cusps. These rips are not nearlyas strong as those powered by large surf but can nonetheless catch swimmers offguard. It's safer for children to swim and play in the small waves than in theembayments between the cusps.




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Let them eat tofu

http://www-csgc.ucsd.edu/NEWSROOM/NEWSRELEASES/2012/Letthemeattofu.htm[2/7/2013 11:05:30 AM]

Contacts:

Donald KentPresident/CEOHubbs-SeaWorld ResearchInstituteSan Diego, CA 619-226-3870 [email protected]

Mark DrawbridgeAquaculture Program DirectorHubbs-SeaWorld ResearchInstituteSan Diego, CA [email protected]

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Soybean Diets for Farmed Fish

October 23, 2012Contact: Christina S. Johnson, [email protected], 858-822-5334

What is the future of seafood?

A new video, funded by the U.S. soybean industry, takes usbehind the scenes to what could become the beginning of a"green" fish-farming revolution.

Watch the video.

"The video shows folks that industry is concerned aboutsustainability and that research is being conducted toaddress potential problems with cage farming," said Donald Kent, president ofHubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute in San Diego. "Sea Grant and NOAA shouldtake some credit for making this a possibility."

Fish farmers at the innovative Pacifico Aquaculture are raising white sea bass,yellowtail and other premium finfish species in floating open-ocean cages near IslaTodos Santos (a famous big wave surf spot) off the coast of Ensenada, Mexico.

The farm has recently earned a "best aquaculture practices" certification for all itsgreen efforts.


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Let them eat tofu

http://www-csgc.ucsd.edu/NEWSROOM/NEWSRELEASES/2012/Letthemeattofu.htm[2/7/2013 11:05:30 AM]



The facility has, for example, been purposefully sited near a deep-water canyonwith strong cleansing currents on the wave-protected side of the island. The resultis crystal clear water without direct exposure to heavy surf. The video also showssea lions frolicking about, while purple sea urchins and other small denizens thriveon rocky substrate on the seafloor.

But, perhaps most significant is what the fish are eating. With science, farmers areraising fish on soy-based diets. Yes, the fish are basically eating tofu instead of thelittle fishes in the sea. This is good news for seabirds, dolphins, tunas and salmonthat rely on forage species. It's also good news for an industry that has a limitedgrowth potential unless it develops alternative feeds, such as plant-based ones.

California Sea Grant has supported efforts to reduce the use of fishmeal and fish oilin white sea bass and yellowtail feeds. That work, led by a USDA nutritionalscientist and the aquaculture program director at Hubbs-SeaWorld, showed thatfish could thrive and sometimes outperform their counterparts raised on traditionalfishmeal-based diets. The program at Pacifico Aquaculture will confirm whether ornot plant-based diets are commercially feasible in the real world.

In related work, California Sea Grant is also now funding studies on the early life-history requirements of yellowfin tuna, another promising species for commercialaquaculture.




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Fish egg fish eggs

http://www-csgc.ucsd.edu/NEWSROOM/NEWSRELEASES/2012/Fisheggfisheggs.htm[2/7/2013 11:06:10 AM]

Researchers

Ron BurtonProfessorMarine BiologyScripps Institution of

Alice Harada, a first-year marine biology graduate student at Scripps Institution ofOceanography, UC San Diego. Photo: C. Johnson

Study: DNA Barcodes to ID Fish Eggs

November 2, 2012Contact: Christina S. Johnson, [email protected], 858-740-4319

Sea Grant Trainee Alice Harada (above) lowers a net off the


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Fish egg fish eggs


OceanographyUC San [email protected]

Alice HaradaSea Grant TraineeMarine BiologyScripps Institution ofOceanographyUC San [email protected]

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Fish eggs in vials sorted by visual markers such assize, shape and color. Photo: C. Johnson

Scripps pier in La Jolla to collect fish eggs. DNA from theeggs will be extracted, amplified and sequenced to identifythe species of fish that produced the eggs.

Her work is part of an ongoing Sea Grant project to optimizemolecular approaches for quickly, inexpensively andreliably identifying fish eggs and larvae, in light of rapidadvances in DNA sequencing technologies.

If successful, scientists will be one big step closer to havinga much-needed tool for monitoring fish reproductivesuccess, the timing and location of fish spawning, howthese vary with environmental conditions and their link tonatural variations in fish population sizes. It could alsodetect new, non-native fish species, as well as shifts inspecies' ranges.

We want to find the fastest, best way to analyze samples offish eggs, explains UC San Diegos Scripps Institution ofOceanography professor Ron Burton, the lead investigatoron the project, titled High-Throughput MolecularIdentification of Fish Eggs and Larvae.

Fish eggs collected duringichthyoplankton surveys are typicallysorted by their size, shape and othervisually distinguishing characteristics.Each group of eggs is identified to specieslevel, if possible, and counted. Suchcounts are used to estimate the number ofspawning adults, an important parameterfor evaluating stock health and settingharvesting guidelines. The problem is thatsometimes eggs are incorrectly groupedtogether. Fisheries biologists cannotvisually tell apart some of the most common fish egg species, Burton says. Yet,they use these counts to establish fish spawning biomass.

Previously, Burton and former Sea Grant Trainee Lani Gleason applied DNAbarcoding approaches to an archived record of fish eggs, collected during theCalCOFI cruises, that had been sorted, speciated and counted based on eggmorphologies (see image above). That analysis showed that fish eggs were oftenmisidentified. Particularly problematic was the whole flatfish family. Pacific halibut,sand dabs and diamond turbot were often confused.

With the fish egg collecting now going on at the pier, the goal is to establish whatspecies are reproducing inshore locally; the probes for the CalCOFI project were tuned for common pelagic fish species found farther off the coast. Once this is

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Fish egg fish eggs




done, biologists will reevaluate the best approach for genetically indentifying thelocal inshore fish community.

One of the major objectives of the region's new marine reserve network is to protectlarger, older female fishes that produce the most eggs and hence are mostimportant to replenishing fish populations. The twice-weekly monitoring at the piermay shed light on whether this anticipated benefit is indeed occuring, or can bedetected, and for which fish species.


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Website produced by California Sea Grant University of California, San Diego 2012. All rights reserved.For suggestions and questions email us at California Sea Grant


Knauss Appointed IWC

http://www-csgc.ucsd.edu/NEWSROOM/NEWSRELEASES/2012/KnaussAppointedIWC.htm[2/7/2013 11:06:39 AM]

At the International Whaling Commissions 2012 meeting in Panama, Greenpeace presented the U.S. delegationwith almost 53,000 signatures and a letter to President Obama urging continued support for the internationalmoratorium on commercial whaling. From left to right, Meena Hussain with Greenpeace, U.S. delegation DougDeMaster, Russell Smith and Ryan Wulff, a former Knauss Fellow and graduate of Scripps, UC San Diego.Photo: NOAA

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President Obama Appoints Former Knauss Fellow to RepresentU.S. at Whaling Commission

Oct. 5, 2012 Contact: Christina S. Johnson, [email protected], 858-740-4319

President Barack Obama has announced plans to appointformer Sea Grant Knauss Fellow Ryan Wulff as deputyU.S. commissioner to the International WhalingCommission, the 89-nation intergovernmental body chargedwith global whale conservation.

A graduate of the Center for Marine Biodiversity andConservation at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Wulff


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Knauss Appointed IWC

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Oct. 5, 2012



currently holds a position as a senior policy advisor atNOAA Fisheries' Protected Resources Division inSacramento and prior to this (2009-2012) was a seniorpolicy advisor to the Under Secretary of Commerce forOceans and Atmosphere on domestic and internationalprotected resource and fisheries issues.

Wulff began working at NOAA Fisheries Office ofInternational Affairs in 2008 while a John A. Knauss MarinePolicy Fellow and during his fellowship was instrumental inforging U.S. positions on issues related to the Conventionon International Trade in Endangered Species and International Commission for theConservation of Atlantic Tunas.

His contributions to these delegations led to him being selected as the U.S.International Whaling Commission Coordinator in 2008. He is currently serving asan alternate commissioner to the IWC and in this capacity is contributing to severalU.S.-led whale conservation initiatives. These include promoting responsible whale-watching activities and reducing ocean noise, ship strikes and entanglement infishing gear. He and colleagues are also begining to look more closely at whaleconservation issues in the Arctic, where loss of sea ice is opening new transit waysfor ships and further encouraging oil and gas exploration.

"My Knauss Fellowship was completely integral to where I am today," Wulff says."It was my first experience in federal marine policy, and it is what has led me towork on whale conservation."

The John A. Knauss Marine Policy Fellowship, sponsored by NOAAs National SeaGrant College Program, matches highly qualified graduates with hosts in legislativeor executive branches of federal government in the Washington, D.C. area for aone-year paid fellowship. The program is named in honor of the former NOAAadministrator and oceanographer.

To learn more about the Knauss Marine Policy Fellowship program and otherfellowship opportunities, visit California Sea Grant's education page.

Read the NOAA press release U.S. leads on whale conservation," featuring Wulff.

Learn more about what NOAA is doing to conserve whales at home and abroad.




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North Coast Marine Advisor Retires

http://www-csgc.ucsd.edu/NEWSROOM/NEWSRELEASES/2012/NorthCoastMarineAdvisorRetires.htm[2/7/2013 11:07:17 AM]

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Susan SchlosserAdvisor EmeritusCalifornia Sea Grant Eureka, CA [email protected]

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August 28, 2012

Friends and colleagues gathered in Eureka, Calif., on Aug. 26to wish Susan Schlosser well as she retires from her 20-yearcareer in Humboldt County with the California Sea GrantExtension Program.

In her early years with Sea Grant, Schlossers work includedresearch on sea urchin quality; and in later years focused onecosystem-based management, benthic habitats, the impactsof climate change, and invasive species.

Guests were treated to a slideshow that included a photo ofSchlosser in the field, knee-deep in mud. It was the closestthing to dirt that Chris Dewees, former Extension directorand official roaster at the event, was able to dig up onSchlosser. Among stories shared was her around-the-world


Media Contact

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http://www-csgc.ucsd.edu/NEWSROOM/NEWSRELEASES/2012/NorthCoastMarineAdvisorRetires.htm[2/7/2013 11:07:17 AM]

Revised:



sailing adventure in her pre-Sea Grant days, so we anticipatehearing of some equally exciting adventures in her retirement.

(We will miss you.)





Invasive Mussels Legal Workshop | Oregon Sea Grant | Oregon State University

http://seagrant.oregonstate.edu/invasive-species/2012-boat-mussels-law-workshop[2/7/2013 11:08:17 AM]

All of OSUOregon Sea Grant

Invasive Mussels Legal Workshop

Legal and Regulatory Efforts to Minimize Expansion of Invasive Mussels through WatercraftMovements:A Co-learning Workshop

On August 2223, 2012, a workshop was hosted by the Arizona Game and Fish Department and convened inPhoenix, Arizona, by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Association of Attorneys General, Oregon SeaGrant, the National Sea Grant Law Center, and the Western Regional Panel on Aquatic Nuisance Species. Thepurpose of the workshop was to engage Assistant Attorneys General, natural resource agency attorneys, lawenforcement supervisors, policy makers, and the Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) Coordinators from the 19 Westernstates, interstate organizations, and Federal partners to establish clear legal and regulatory approaches andopportunities for AIS abatement and reform. One clear deliverable from this workshop was the creation of an actionplan that articulates needed actions at the federal/national, regional, state, and local levels to minimize the expansionof invasive mussels through watercraft movements in the western United States.

Downloadable resources

Agenda [Word document] Participant list [Excel document] Day 1: Presentations Day 2: Panel discussions and breakouts

Session 1: Authority to Stop Boats Session 2: Policy and Legislation Panel Session 3: Bridging the Gaps? Session 4: Building Solutions: Action Plan for Developing Legal and Regulatory Mechanisms to

Minimize Expansion of Invasive Mussels through Watercraft Movements

Background White Papers Action Plan [Word document] Action Plan Time Table [Excel]

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Invasive Mussels Legal Workshop | Oregon Sea Grant | Oregon State University

http://seagrant.oregonstate.edu/invasive-species/2012-boat-mussels-law-workshop[2/7/2013 11:08:17 AM]

For more information:

Samuel Chan, Oregon Sea Grant, 503-679-4828, [email protected]

Tom McMahon, Arizona Game and Fish Department, 623-236-7271, [email protected]

Stephanie Showalter Otts, National Sea Grant Law Center, 662-915-7714, [email protected]

Joanne M. Grady, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 303-236-4519, [email protected]

Paula Cotter, National Association of Attorney Generals, 202-326-6250, [email protected]

Additional Resources:

Western Regional Panel Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force 100th Meridian Initiative Columbia River Bulletin Quagga and Zebra Mussel Control and Eradication Workshop, presented by California Sea Grant and University of

California Cooperative Extension Early Detection Monitoring Manual for Quagga and Zebra Mussels Crater Lake closure follows Sea Grant invasives workshop Mussel Invasion Moves West, article published by STATELINE, the Daily News Service of the Pew Center on the

State Arizona Game and Fish Department Aquatic Invasive Species Information Page San Luis Obispo County (CA) Mussel Information and Resources State of Nevada Office of the Attourney General Press Release California Sea Grant Press Release

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