five model of personality 2007
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Personality
Sum total of ways in which an
individual reacts and interacts withothers
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What is Personality?
Internal perspective: Processes within anindividual that explain whyhe or she behaves incharacteristic ways.
Attitudes, emotions, ways of thinking
Fairly stable across time and situations
Partly inherited
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External perspective: How the individual isperceivedbyothers that he or she interacts with (reputation).
She has a great personality!
Shaped by two fundamental motives related to socialinteraction
Getting along with others (cooperation)
Getting ahead of others (competition)
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Factors of personality
Heredity
Environment
Situational
Social
Family
Culture
Personality
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Personality
Characteristic pattern of thinking,feeling and acting.
Four major perspectives on Personality
Psychoanalytic - unconscious motivationsTrait - specific dimensions of personalityHumanistic - inner capacity for growthSocial-Cognitive - influence of environment
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The Unconscious
the mind is like an iceburg - mostly hidden
the mind is like an iceburg - mostly hidden
Conscious Awareness
small part above surface
(Preconscious)
Unconscious
below the surface
(thoughts, feelings,
wishes, memories)
Repressionbanishing unacceptable
thoughts & passions to
unconscious
Dreams & Slips
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Are There Basic Traits?
What trait dimensions describe personality?
Combination of 2 or 3
genetically determined
dimensions
Expanded set of factors
The Big 5
Extraversion/IntroversionEmotional Stability/Instability
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Myers Briggs type indicator
Extrovert vs. Introvert
Sensing vs. Intuitive
Thinking vs. Feelings Judging vs. perceiving
Basically a tool for increasing selfawareness
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Models of Personality
The Big 5 Model of Personality
One of the most extensively researched
models of personality
Five dimensions that capture much of the
variation in human personality
Useful for managers because of predictive
validity Sometimes called the OCEAN model (as an
acronym)
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Models of Personality
Openness to Experience Broad range of interests
Fascination with new things and ideas
Daring and imaginative
Change and challenge welcomed
Creative
Depth and complexity of mental and experiential
life
NOT conventional, satisfied by the familiar
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Conscientiousness Reliable
Responsible
Organized
Careful
Task and goal oriented
Persistent
Impulse control, think before acting
NOT easily distracted, unreliable
Models of Personality
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3. Extraversion
Comfortable with relationships
Outgoing
Sociable Uninhibited
Assertive
NOT reserved, quiet
Models of Personality
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Agreeableness Propensity to defer to others
Cooperative
Warm
Trusting
Modest
Good natured
NOT cold, disagreeable
Models of Personality
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5. Neuroticism or Emotional Stability
Ability to withstand stress
Calm
Self-confident Secure
Even tempered
NOT anxious, nervous, depressed, insecure,
irritable
Models of Personality
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Humanistic theory
Emphasizes on individual growth,
improvement and the self concept to
personality.
Potential for positive development,
creativity and self realization.
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Physique-temperament theory
Endomorphy tendency towards plumpness,
Built for comfort not for speed
Mesomorphy tendency towards muscularity,-
Hard , rectangular, strong, resistance toinjury, suited for hard work
Ectomorphy tendency towards thickness,
delicate, lean, large head compare to body,not suited for hard work
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HowDoes Personality Affect Job
Performance? Theory and research show that Big Five factors impact
motivation, which in turn affects performance. For example
Thus, personalitys effect on performance may be fully orpartially (dotted line) mediatedby motivation
Conscientiousness
Self-efficacy
Goals
Performance
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Personality dimensions
Authoritarianism
Bureaucratic personality
Machiavellianism Problem solving style
Locus of control
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Problem solving style
Sensation- feeling style-dependable, and
social
Sensation-thinking style-practical and
logical
Intuition-feeling style- enthusiastic, people
oriented and helpful
Intuition- thinking style creative, energetic
and like challenging jobs
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Repression - banishes certain thoughts/feelingsfrom consciousness (underlies all other defense
mechanisms)
Regression - retreating to earlier stage of fixateddevelopment
ReactionFormation - ego makes unacceptableimpulses appear as their opposites
Projection - attributes threatening impulses toothers
Defense Mechanisms
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Rationalization - generate self-justifyingexplanations to hide the real reasons for our
actions
Displacement - divert impulses toward a moreacceptable object
Sublimation - transform unacceptable impulseinto
something socially valued
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Social-Cognitive Perspective
Behavior learned throughconditioning & observation
What we think about our situation
affects our behavior
Interaction ofEnvironment & Intellect
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Reciprocal Determinism
Personal/Personal/CognitiveCognitiveFactorsFactors
BehaviorBehaviorEnvironmentEnvironmentFactorsFactors
Internal World + External World = UsInternal World + External World = Us
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Personal Control
Internal Locus of ControlInternal Locus of ControlYou pretty much control your own destiny
External Locus of ControlExternal Locus of Control
Luck, fate and/or powerful others control your destiny
Methods of StudyMethods of Study
Correlate feelings of control with behaviorCorrelate feelings of control with behavior Experiment by raising/lowering peoples sense ofExperiment by raising/lowering peoples sense of
control and noting effectscontrol and noting effects
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Self efficacy
Magnitude- related to self capability
Strength
Generality
Effect on organizational implications
Selection-decisions
Training programme
Goal-setting
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Outcomes of Personal Control
Learned HelplessnessLearned Helplessness
Uncontrollable
bad events
Perceived
lack of control
Generalized
helpless behavior
ImportantImportantIssueIssue
Nursing Homes
Prisons
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Major personality attributes
influencing OB
Locus of control
Machiavellianism
Self-esteem Self-monitoring
Risk taking
Proactive personality
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Achieving personality fit
The person organization fit
The person job fit
Realistic
Investigative
Social
Conventional
artistic
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Measuring personality
Self report surveys
Observer rating survey
Projective techniques