Fishing Grounds of the Gulf 1 02

GULF OF MAINE--GEOGRAPHICAL And HISTORICAL Title

What exactly is apparently the very first reference to this entire body water appears on some oldIcelandic charts that demonstrate, approximately, Cape Cod Bay in their the southern area oflocations and the Bay of Fundy in the north. On these maps the cape alone was shown around the"Promontory of Vinland" and was given the name Kialarnes, or the Ship's Nasal area, from itsresemblance in type to the higher upturned prow from the old Norse vessels. To the whole part ofthe gulf was because of the name Vinland's Haf.

Oviedo (Historia Basic de las Indias) sometimes brands this gulf the Arcipelago de Los angelesTramontana, or even the Arcipelago Septentrional--the north archipelago. He gives us to understandthathimself and he, or Chaves, experienced this information from the Survey and Report of Gomez,who, within his look for a north west passage to Asian countries in 1525, "discovered all these coastslying between 41? and 41? 30' north". As a matter of truth, his careful explorations definitelycovered all of the territory between 40 and 45 levels.

The Spanish language navigators who followed Gomez, in describing these coasts, when implyingthis gulf, usually known as it in respect of Gomez, the very first of the country to make a carefulsurvey of its shores. As a result it became known as the Arcipelago de Estevan Gomez, as well as themainland behind it as La Tierra de Gomez. It had been so known as around the map of Ribero in1529 who thus acknowledged the origin of his details.

The Biscayans implemented Gomez but later provided way to the French fishermen, who followeddown the chain of banks extending southward from the Grand Bank and entered these waters byway of Cape Sable. These gave into it the title Gulf of Norumbega or Ocean of Norumbega. The titleNorumbega was for a time placed on the coastline areas and to the inland nation stretching outforever westward and northwestward from your seas of the gulf.

This name was afterwards restricted to the smaller section of the gulf at present so termed, eventhough later, with the coming of the English and the establishment of their colony in Massachusetts,the title Massachusetts Bay came into general use.

The charter of Gorges (in April, 1639) specified the territory deeded to him as the Province orCounty of Maine,[4] whence, maybe, the modern custom of referring to these seas as the Gulf ofMaine might have arisen. This newest title seems particularly suitable, in view of the truth that thepresent Condition of Maine lying down directly opposing its entry capes, stretches along the internaledges from the gulf along with its seriously indented shore line occupies by far the best section of itscoasts. Therefore the name has finally come into general acceptance and use in modern times.Evidently it was initially formally used and proposed from the Edinburgh Encyclopedia in 1832 [5]and then was implemented by america Coast Survey.

[Footnote 4: "All that parte, porcion and purport of the Mayne Land of New Britain, we doe name,appoynt and ordeyne will permanently hereafter bee called and named The Province and Countie ofMayne."]

[Footnote 5: Edinburgh Encyclopedia, Philadelphia edition, by Thomas Parker, Vol. XVIII, p. 263.]

DESCRIPTION

A really peculiar and striking body of water is this Gulf of Maine, markedly different in characterfrom any other from the bays around the coastline line of the eastern United States. Particularly willit vary within the depth of their coastal waters, in which in all the others, except the smaller NewYork City Bay, the shoal water is found stretching far out from the land.

In the Gulf of Maine, however, using the single exception from the vicinity of Ammens Rock and rollaround the eastern a part of Cashes Bank, the entire main region presents navigable strong drinkingwater having a mean depth of 100 fathoms, from which rise the different under water plateaus,whose depths average about 50 fathoms and which make up the bigger of the minn kota edgegrounds. Along with these, many smaller sized banks and "fishing areas" are found nearer the landwhere they lie a across the 50-fathom curve.

In many instances it approaches much neared to the mainland, although in general this curve lies ata distance of about 16 miles from the coast line. Out of this 50-fathom depth the soundings decreasevery steadily towards the 20 and 10 fathom marks.

These latter soundings are often kept far in toward the coastline line, even transporting the strongwater well in to the river mouths, so that in deeply indented hays, in lengthy inlets operating far intoland, within the river mouths, the strong water right behind the difficult headlands, or perhaps inthe lee from the 1000s of surf-washed isles that line the coast, are normally found innumerable safeanchorages inside simple run of the fishing grounds, in which the fleets may take protection fromthe sudden blow or await the arrival of the "seafood time," when conditions may permit "making aset up" underneath the struggles of winter fishing.

When the sea features of this region are radically distinctive from the ones from other seaside bodyof the eastern United so, too and States the shore property, battered as it has been by storm and seaor used by glacial motion or Arctic currents, is no less remarkable.

No other portion of the eastern U . S . has a comparable coastline, so serrated, indented, andrugged, as has this shoreline line of the Gulf of Maine. Right here the battering from the causes ofnature has resulted in making thousands of secure harbors and havens for the navigator. Alltogether shore are strewn countless isles, a feature feature from the area and something observedwith question by every earlier explorer. [6] These islands, if near the land, are beautiful and smiling;if in the open sea, of rugged grandeur; and island and mainland alike are inhabited by a hardy andnumerous race of fisher folk.

The tides inside the Gulf of Maine have a very excellent rise and fall as compared with other watersin this area. At the south of Cape Cod tides are seldom over 4 feet in their range, but beginning atonce at the north of Cape Cod with a rise of from 7 to 10 feet these increase quite constantly as theygo eastward reaching about 28 feet in the neighborhood of Passamaquoddy Bay, to touch theirhighest point in the Bay of Fundy, where in many places is a rise and fall of 50 feet, and in some fewplaces tides of 70 feet are reported. These Fundy tides most likely are the greatest on the planet.

This great flow and web-page ebb water serves to assist shipbuilding as well as the launching ofvessels as well as to carry the deep water far up in to the inlets of the coast and into the mouths ofthe estuaries and rivers, creating these navigable for crafts of considerable size properly into theproperty or up to the cheapest falls from the channels.

The weather right here is just one of extremes, and, lying as it does between 42? and 45? northlatitude, the region might be reported to be chilly. Apparently the waters from the Gulf of Maine arenot impacted by any stray current from the Gulf Stream, which passes at a substantial range fromthe mouth, thus performing little to temper the chilly of this area possibly on land or at ocean.Regardless of whether these waters are cooled additional by any flow from your Labrador Presentmight be questioned.

The winters are lengthy, usually bringing weighty snowfalls; and strong gales are frequentthroughout a lot of the fall and winter season. Perhaps the most dangerous of those "blows" emergefrom the mountain to the north and northwest of the gulf. Therefore, in addition to the doubt of anopportunity to set gear when once on the fishing grounds, the wintertime fishing the following is notwithout its element of significant danger. While the ice crop in northern New England never fails,yet, perhaps because of the strong tidal currents of these waters, the principal harbors rarely areclosed by ice, or, if closed, for but a few days only.

As the summer season are relatively mild and in certain parts of them even very warm, fogs areweighty and virtually constant throughout the "dog days" (July 20 to Sept 1). when southerly andsouth-westerly breezes bring the nice and cozy damp air from the Gulf Flow in to the cooler currentsfrom your property. The fogs of Fundy are especially noted, even during these seas. During thesummer time months winds from your east and northern deliver the only real crystal clear weatherfamiliar with the external sequence of minn kota edge grounds.

The primary body of the gulf is situated approximately between 42? and 45? northern latitude. It isin form like a deep dish whose outer edge is made by Georges Browns and Bank Financialinstitution, having a slim, strong-drinking water spillway among: its area is half encircled within thearms from the mainland, two conspicuous headlands getting to bodily seaward to mark its wideentrance at the opposite edges--Cape Cod, Mass. [7] around the traditional western part, and CapeSable, [8] Nova Scotia, around the eastern flank, distant from each other about 230 miles. These twocapes range with each other about ENE. and WSW, therefore coordinating alike the overall trendfrom the coast collection, of the island stores and of the overseas ledges in this particular area.

From a base collection connecting these outposts from the gulf the distance towards the Mainecoastline opposing averages about 120 miles. From Cape Sable, at its eastern finish, the coast trendsfor some distance towards the north west, whence a continuation of the course hits the coastline ofMaine near Western Quoddy Brain at a distance of quite more than 110 miles. From West Quoddyhead to Cape Elizabeth (inside a immediate collection about 160 miles) the coastline, generallytough, rocky, and with numerous lofty headlands is incredibly irregular and seriously indented andfollows an over-all course of WSW. Thence, the coastline, lower and getting more and more sandy,starts to trend much more decidedly south-west till it gets to Boston, in the event it turns to the

southeast, and to the eastern towards Cape Cod.

But this is simply not the entire story. There remain outside these mentioned limitations the Bay ofFundy in the north, having a feasible section of 3,000 sq . miles; and at the south Cape Cod Bay, inwhose area, with that from the waters western of a perpendicular driven from the traditionalwestern finish from the foundation collection that strikes the land in the locality of Portsmouth, N.H. can make an extra section that http://www.tristatetrollingmotor.com/minn_kota_parts containsclose to 1,500 square miles. Inside the limits therefore inclosed there are, roughly and 30000 squaremiles of many effective floor most intensively fished via all of the year.

The Bay of Fundy is split at its brain by Cape Chignecto, creating two branches to northern and toeastern--Chignecto Bay and Minas Basin. With these smaller areas, lying as they do entirely withinthe territorial limits of Canada, American fishermen have little to do, although both are valuable andproductive fishing grounds.

[Footnote 6: William Strachey (1609), speaking particularly of Casco Bay, but the terms equallyrelevant to almost any stretch out from the Maine coastline, says "A really excellent bay where therelyeth soe numerous isles and soe thick and neere with each other, that can hardly be discerned theamount, but might any deliver pause betwixt, the best a part of them getting rarely lesse drinkingwater than 8 or ten fathoms about them"--Background of Travalle into Virginia Britannica.]

[Footnote 7: This, the most stunning cape of the Atlantic coast line, made a very notable landmarkfor all the earlier sea voyagers approaching it, and all of were greatly impressed by it, whether theyoriginated from the southern and fought their way via its shoals to eastward, or, from the north,discovered themselves caught within the deep wallet which it can make with Cape Cod Bay.

The Spaniard Gomez (1525) gave it the title "Cabo de do Aricifes" cape of the reefs, referring to theharmful shoals to the eastward. The Frenchmen Champlain and Du Monts named it "Cape Blanc",and the Dutch aircraft pilots, also noting its sandy cliffs, called it Witte Hoeck. The English CaptainAnthony Gosnold, the first to make a direct passage to the waters of the Gulf of Maine from Europe,although at first he called it "Shoal Hope", soon changed this, because of the success of his minnkota edge, to "Cape Cod", which title, commonplace though it be, has been the name to endure

despite Prince Charles's attempt to change it to Cape James in honor of his father., even though theEnglish mariners at first accepted his last name of White Cape]

[Footnote 8: Cape Sable, at the the southern area of finish of Nova Scotia, has kept this name fromreally aged times. It is so pointed out on a Portuguese chart of the midst of the sixteenth century.]

BAY OF FUNDY

At the various seasons of the season the entire Bay of Fundy [9] is a minn kota edge floor forsardines and large herring; and even though they are of somewhat less importance recently thanpreviously, the main fisheries of this area nevertheless center around the herring industries--theproviding of the canning factories with the little herring utilized as sardines and the getting of bigherring for bait and food. The sardine business of the condition of Maine is essentially concentratedin the district about and including Lubec and Eastport, where about 30 from the 59 factories and 16of the 43 operating companies are located; to ensure that, while the herring attracts of recent timeshave dropped much short of their previous dimensions, they still display imposing figures.

In the past a lot of the catch was taken in Saint. Andrews (Passamaquoddy) Bay and across the northshoreline of the Bay of Fundy to Lepreau Bay and Point. Lepreau. Of late years hardly any herringhave already been taken in these waters, in which the herring colleges that get to October had beenaccustomed to remain until springtime. Of previous minn kota edge within this locality Capt. SumnerStuart, of Lubec, says:

"The herring left Saint. Andrews Bay as well as the North Shoreline about 1885. There is no summertime netting there now. These waters and Lepreau Bay were previously really effective minn kotaedge grounds, it becoming not uncommon to consider 5,000 (matter) large herrings (food seafood) inone haul. They were mainly winter and spring fishing reasons for large herring. The seafood seem tohave vanished from all these reasons at about the same time.[10]

"In past many years (25 to thirty years ago) small herring were powered ashore in these amounts bytheir opponents--squid, silver hake and dogfish--that it occasionally grew to become necessary forthe respective authorities at Saint. John to utilize a snowplow to cover them where they set decayingaround the seaside."

From the statistics of the sardine and smoked-herring industry for your year 1924 (a year, whether itis noted, in which the sardine business almost reached reduced--degree mark for your package) theseas of the Bay of Fundy furnished to American buyers alone an overall total of herring for smokingand canning reasons amounting to 76,756,250 lbs valued to the anglers at $957,665. This displaying,bad because it is when compared with the figures of other many years, by no means represents theherring fishery being an insignificant industry. There nevertheless remains to be taken into accountthe catch of herring of Lavish Manan and the neighboring Canadian Provinces.

A new supply of profit to the fishermen in this industry continues to be created in purchasingherring scales by companies engaged in the manufacture of artificial pearls. For this purpose therewere collected at Lubec and Eastport 700,000 lbs of herring scales, priced at $;, a and 39 furtherquantity was used at Grand Manan of 140,000 lbs, valued at $7,000. Along with other entrantscurrently within the area, this division from the industry offers reasonable to grow to still greatersignificance.

A quote of the number of weirs in St. Andrews Bay, by Capt. Guilford Mitchell of Eastport, Me., isreally as follows: Canadian: 1921: 126 weirs 1923: 40 weirs Calais to Eastport: 1921: 35 weirs; 1923:

7 weirs Complete number in Canadian, 1923 and operation about 300; American under 130.

Northern Shore and coast of Nova Scotia. Along the North Shore and from Yarmouth to Cape Sable,over a hard base, cod abound. The western shore of Nova Scotia is virtually all minn kota edgeground for hake, cod and haddock and cusk, but trawling is somewhat handicapped here by strongtides and rocky bottom, these combining to destroy much gear. In summer these fish areoccasionally found close inshore along the southwest coast, going somewhat beyond Digby to thenorthward, though halibut are somewhat unusual on this western shore except about the mouth ofthe Bay of Fundy. Haddocking is quite an important business away Yarmouth, Nova Scotia,throughout the winter season, the sets being of rather short duration and created in the slack of thetide at high water. This exercise is made essential by the heavy tidal currents on these grounds.

The entire western coast of Nova Scotia is herring floor at some period of the season. "Drifting" forherring was formerly a considerable industry from Digby to Briers Island, but in these last few yearsit has not been important, although the year 1927 had a very good run of large food fish. Thiswestern coastline can also be an important minn kota edge area for lobster men.

Swordfishing in the Bay of Fundy was formerly profitable in September, although these fish werenever so numerous here as upon the outer shore of Nova Scotia.

St. Marys Bay is a summer herring floor. Great haddocking may be hadhere and also, from April 15to October 15, using the period from the opening from the minn kota edge in April up to July 15 thebest of it.

The mackerel fishery of the Bay of Fundy appears of relatively small significance during these latteryears. The local anglers state that the fish can not originate the tides of those waters! The largequantity of little herring should be an inducement sufficient to take them right here. Evidently theseseafood pass straight inshore northwesterly and reach the coast of Maine. By netting in St, aconsiderable amount of this species is taken by traps and. Marys Bay as well as in the generalvicinity of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, as at Cranberry Head, Burns up Point. Beaver River, WoodsHarbour, and also at many other points between Yarmouth and Cape Sable; but the inner watersfrom the Bay of Fundy display really thin catches in comparison with the great quantity adopted theouter shores of Nova Scotia inside a typical mackerel period. It really has been 32 years, it is said,because any number of mackerel have already been "hooked" in Saint. Mary's Bay.

Lurcher Shoal. This lies WSW, from Cape Saint, Mary 19 miles and WNW, from Cape Fourchu,faraway 13 miles, it is really an irregularly formed piece of base, a difficult ground, about 5kilometers lengthy, south and north, by 3 kilometers broad, There are a number of "nubbles"developing to5 and 7, and 9 fathom depths--with a spot noted as having only 12 feet of water morethan it-- rising from your typical depths more than the remainder of the shoal of from 13 to 15fathoms. More than this generally rocky bottom are spread areas of pea gravel and of seashells,Depths concerning the shoal are from 30 to 50 fathoms over a bottom consisting mostly of rocks,Tide rips are very heavy here, The seasons and varieties discovered here are as on Trinity: haddock,cod and pollock and herring, this is a good lobster floor.

Trinity Shoal. This shoal, 14 kilometers N. by W. from Cape Fourchu and 7? miles SW. from Cape StMary, having a difficult bottom on it and over an indefinite area about this, is probably 3 mileslengthy, SW and NE, by some 2 kilometers wide. Over the greater part of the shoal there are depthsof from 6 to 10 fathoms, with an average of from 12 to 16 fathoms over the sandy and stony ground

about it, though near the center is a rock, uncovered at low water. There is a strong tide rip righthere on the northeastern and eastern part referred to as Deluge Tide Eddy, in which is great minnkota edge manually line for pollock in Sept and October. haddock and Cod are taken here in smallamounts by trawling. It is a herring ground also, and there is a lobster ground on the shoal and allabout this.

A cod ground expands overseas SW from Briers Island, starting about 5 kilometers right out of theisland and extending to around 18 kilometers from your property. Its width is all about 4 kilometers.Depths more than this area come from 40 to 60 fathoms spanning a hard, shelly base. Cod are takenhere in from 30 to 44 fathoms on the shoal ground operating from 5 kilometers from Gull Rock androll and the South-West Ledges right down to the Lurcher Shoal, a distance of about 22 miles.Among these factors minn kota edge is done mainly by hand-coating "at a drift." Cod are taken overthe ledges in five fathoms of water and thence out to 60 fathoms on them from August to November.Pollock are taken by the exact same method. The very best season is August. Sept, and October. Thisis a good lobster floor.

Northwest Ledge. Lies about 3 3/4 miles northwesterly from Briers Island. This is a piece of rockybase a couple of miles long by something less than 1 mile wide with depths of from 2 to 10 fathomsover the ledge and soundings of 12 to 30 fathoms around the gravelly floor about this. Cod arenormally found within great deal from Sept to Nov, comprehensive, and are used by hand-lining.Pollock also are used within summer, "drailing" manually collection.

A narrow piece of rocky ground with relatively greater depths connects this with Batsons Shoal,some 5 kilometers SW., the 2 thus making what is virtually a single bit of floor. Depths on BatsonsShoal are rather less than on Northwest Ledge, but the methods of minn kota edge, the speciestaken, and the seasons of their abundance are the same on both. The bottom all about these twogrounds is rocky, with from 20 to 40 fathoms inside of them, but this deepens rapidly to 100 fathomsover rocks and coarse gravel outside of them to W. and NW.