Fishes Review

Fishes ReviewTypes of FishWhat are the three main types of fish?___________________________________________________

Can you give examples of each?jawlesscartilagenousbonyLamprey, hagfishSharks, skates and raysBass, tuna, mackerel, etcWhat are the four basic body forms?___________________

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fusiformdepressedcompressedattenuatedName the Body Form

Fusiform

Attenuated

Compressed

DepressedHow much of a fishs body weight is made of muscle?_______________________40-75%What two types of muscle fibers are found in fish?___________________

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___________________redwhiteWhy is it red?Presence of myoglobinCan you give an example of a fish with each type of fiber?Tuna, mackerelgrouperWhat are the names and functions of the fins?

Dorsal-prevents rollingCaudal-main locomotionAnal-prevents rollingPelvic-turning, balancing and brakingPectoral-turning, balancing, and brakingWhat are the types of feeders?__________________

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__________________Can you give an example of each?predatorsnibblersstrainerssuckersparasitesShark, pirahna, etcBlackfish, parrotfishHerring, whale sharkSturgeon, carpHagfish, lampreyWhat type of digestive system do fish have?__________________One-WayWhich organ of the digestive system has teeth for grinding and tearing?________________pharynxWhy would a fish have a sac shaped stomach instead of a tube shaped stomach?_______________________________Sac shaped stomach result from fish that eat both meat and plant matter because it takes longer to digest plant matter.Why would a fish have longer intestines than another?Meat eaters have shorter intestines than omnivores because it takes longer to digest plant matter.What type of circulatory system do fish have?__________________closedHow many chambers does a fish heart have?____________________Two-one ventricle and one auricleWhat protein in the blood is used to transport oxygen?_____________________hemoglobinWhich type of fish does not have hemoglobin in its blood?_______________________

icefishWHY??The cold water holds enough oxygen so that their blood does not need the hemoglobinWhat are the three parts of a fish gill?______________________

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______________________Gill filamentsGill archesGill rakersHow does each part help the fish accomplish respiration?allow dissolved oxygen to diffuse into the bloodsupport gill rakers and gill filamentsprevent particles in water from damaging filamentsWhat is the countercurrent system?Blood flows in opposite direction of water outside gill filaments. This accentuates the gradient between the two substrates.What is the function of the swim bladder?____________________Maintains buoyancy-allows fish to change density to adjust position in the water.Which types of fish do not have swim bladders?______________________cartilagenousWhat does ectothermic mean?Fish cannot change their body temperature, they take on the temperature of their environment.Fish are the first to have this type of nervous system.Central Nervous System-Spinal Cord with a BrainWhat are the nares?Olfactory sensors-detect chemicalsWhat are semicircular canals?Inner ear of fish that detects gravity and rotation. Gives the fish equilibrium and balance.What is the purpose of the lateral line organ?Detects vibrations in the water-movement and soundWhat is electroreception?Ability to detect electric fields-location of preyWhich type of fish have highly developed electroreception?Rays and sharksWhat types of fish can generate electricity?Electric fish, electric eels, electric raysWhich organs are involved in excretion?Nephrons, or kidneysHow do fish get rid of nitrogenous waste?Across the gillsHow do fresh water fish maintain water balance?Do not drink, excess water is eliminated through extremely dilute urineHow do salt water fish maintain water balance?Drink water, eliminate excess salt through urine, extremely concentrated urine to combat water loss.What reproductive method do fish use?They are oviparous with external fertilizationWhich types of fish can give birth to live young?Some sharks-hammerhead, gray reef shark are examplesWhich types of fish brood their young?Cichlids, seahorses, pipefish