fisheries management and the aleutian islands
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands
Steven J. Barbeaux, Ph.D. Research Fisheries Biologist
Alaska Fisheries Science Center
![Page 2: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Alaska Aleutian Islands* Contiguous US
Area 1,718,000 km2 16,092 km2 8,081,867 km2
Coastline 54,563 km 8,876 km 95,219 km
Population 710,231 3,779 306,073,283
EEZ Area 3,770,021 km2 1,000,105 km2 2,449,144 km2
Shelf Area (< 200 m) 1,319,692 km2 64,412 km2 995,557 km2
* For the NMFS AI Region west of 170° W longitude
![Page 3: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
North Pacific Fishery Management Council
Research survey Abundance data
Commercial fishery Catch data
Biological data: Catch at age, size
Life history
Plan Team Review Initial ABC OFL
Advisory Panel Initial TAC
Scientific & Statistical Committee
Final ABC OFL
Final TAC specifications
Public input
Public input
Stock assessment
Ecosystem Report
Biological data: Food habits,
nontarget species
Physical data: Climate,
Habitat indices Fishery data: Effort, gear,
nontarget catch
Results
Hollowed, et al. 2011. Fisheries and Fisheries 12: 189-208.
Economic assessment
Economic and sociological data
![Page 4: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
2/27/2015 4
The Aleutian Islands
![Page 5: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How do we define the Aleutian Islands?
![Page 6: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Aleutian Islands Climate • The islands experience a cool, wet, and windy maritime climate. • Summertime temperatures 5 – 10°C • Winter temperatures ~0°C • Precipitation varies widely (5 cm up to 21 cm) • Wind, light rain, and fog common in the summer • Wettest conditions October–December.
![Page 7: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Aleutian Islands Oceanography
Aleutian North Slope Current
• Shelf narrows
• Porous boundary
• Deeper passes
• Strong tidal flows
![Page 8: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Our window into the Aleutian Islands
8
![Page 9: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Aleutian Islands food web • Largely
pelagic/oceanic
• Very diverse
• Highly productive
![Page 10: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Aleutian Islands exploitation Go to ARCGIS
![Page 11: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
http://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/npfmc/PDFdocuments/meetings/Management_FMP.pdf
Prevent Overfishing – Annual Catch Limits Promote Sustainable Fisheries and Communities – science based guidelines Preserve Food Web – Weak stock management Manage Incidental Catch and Reduce Bycatch and Waste Avoid Impacts to Seabirds and Marine Mammals Reduce and Avoid Impacts to Habitat Promote Equitable and Efficient Use of Fishery Resources Increase Alaska Native Consultation Improve Data Quality, Monitoring and Enforcement
![Page 12: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
North Pacific tier system
Tier 1 – Reliable stock recruitment relationship Projections based on stock recruitment
relationship Tier 3 – Age or length based stock
assessment model Projection based on mean recruitment
Tier 5 – Reliable biomass estimates and
natural mortality FOFL= M and FABC = 0.75 × M
Tier 6 – Only catch history available
OFL =average catch 1978 – 1995 ABC = 0.75 × OFL
![Page 13: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
![Page 14: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Buffering for uncertainty
biomass (B0)
catch
OFL
(BMSY )
Tier 1 ABC
*ABC = Allowable biological catch
![Page 15: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Buffering for uncertainty
biomass (B0)
catch
OFL
(BMSY )
Tier 3 ABC
*ABC = Allowable biological catch
![Page 16: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Buffering for uncertainty
biomass (B0)
OFL
(BMSY )
ABC
*TAC = Total allowable catch TAC < ABC
TAC
catch TAC =
![Page 17: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ecosystem consideration report
• A reference for the current state and trajectory of key indices of ecosystem health in which single species models can be framed
• Adaptive document
• Revised annually in response to review and new information available
• New indicators added each year
![Page 18: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Aleutian Islands Fishery Ecosystem Plan • Provides enhanced scientific
information and measurable indicators to evaluate and promote ecosystem health, sustainable fisheries, and vibrant communities
• Expands on ecosystem report by including anthropogenic threats to the ecosystem outside of the fishery
• Although meant to be an adaptive resource not updated since 2011
• Not yet integrated into the NPFMC process
• . http://www.npfmc.org/aleutian-islands-fishery-ecosystem-plan/
![Page 19: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
![Page 20: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Fisheries interactions with endangered species • Reduction of fisheries impacts on sensitive habitats • Increase Alaska Native consultation • Climate change and ocean acidification • Increased vessel traffic
The top issues in the Aleutian Islands
![Page 21: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Spatial Management • Marine protected areas • Time/area closures • Fishing gear restrictions
Top down management approaches
![Page 22: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Management Approaches • Community-based management (CDQ 1992)
• 6 Alaska Native Communities • 10-14% of all TACs
![Page 23: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Managing bycatch • Halibut and Herring
• Catch limits • Area/time closures
• Crab • Catch limits • Bristol Bay Red King Crab
Conservation Area • Salmon
• Hard cap • Incentive Program Agreements • Self-monitoring and closures
Pacific herring. Photo: JJ Vollenweider, NOAA Fisheries
![Page 24: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
(a) Changes in global mean sea level (teal line; Jevrejeva et al. 2008),summer Arctic sea-ice area ( yellow line;Walsh & Chapman 2001),0–700-m ocean heat content (orange line; Levitus et al. 2009),sea-surface temperature (brown line; Rayner et al. 2006), mean ocean-surface pH (blue line; Natl. Res. Counc. 2010), andpCO2 (red line; Petit et al. 1999). Light purple shaded region denotes projected changes in pH and pCO2 consistent with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s twenty-first-century A2 emissions scenario with rapid population growth.
Doney et al. 2012. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 2012. 4:4.1–4.27
Planning for physical changes: Observations and projections
![Page 25: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Projected EBS July bottom temperatures in SE Bering Sea ( Al Hermann JISAO)
} “medium” } “cold”
} “warm”
CGCM3 MIROC ECHOG
Inter
natio
nal P
anel
on C
limate
Cha
nge
![Page 26: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Prediction:from initial
conditions of environment and
spawning biomass: from larvalabundance
: from juvenile abundance
: from juvenilesand predatoroverlap
Recruitment level
Time
Abun
danc
e
Egg JuvenileLarval Recruit
Scheme of Continuous Refinement of Recruitment Forecast
Small scale….. increasing to…. large scale
Predominantly activating processes
: add habitat,densitydependence
Predominantly constraining processes
• Growth – bio-energetics • Recruitment • Catchability (non-trawlable grounds) • Selectivity/availability • Phenology • Natural mortality • Bio-economic (fishers choice) • Stock structure
Tracking Climate Impacts Through Life History Gauntlet
Recruitment Processes Alliance GOA IERP GOA food web network:
Prioritize process studies on nodal species Gaichas & Francis (2008) CJFAS 65:1965-1982
![Page 27: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Technical Options- Scenario Testing System Management Strategy Evaluations
A’mar et al. 2009 GOA pollock Mueter et al 2011 BS pollock Ianelli et al. 2011 BS pollock Wilderbuer et al 2013 rock sole Holsman et al. submitted BS MSM
![Page 28: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Change Fishing Strategy? “modifying management strategies to include environmental factors seldom improves the ability to
achieve management goals unless the system is well known.” Punt et al. 2013
• Alt. 1: (no action) Adjust quota to maintain historical Bmsy • Alt 2: Adopt steeper control rule to create a larger no fishing buffer. • Alt 3: Adopt larger buffer between OFL and ABC to account for increased uncertainty due to climate change • Alt 4: Account for climate impact on growth, maturation schedule, M, fishery selectivity . Then reset biological reference points
February 27, 2015
28
Schematic of Harvest Control Rule
ABC/ACL TAC ≤ ≤Catch OFL <Total Allowable Catch Acceptable Biological Catch Overfishing Level
![Page 29: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
2/27/2015 29
Shipping and pollution
![Page 30: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Summary
30
![Page 31: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Bottom Trawl Surveys
32
10 m
![Page 33: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Cooperative acoustic and pelagic trawl surveys
33
0.5 m from bottom
15 m from surface
Show 3d survey data
![Page 34: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Monitoring fishery catch
• Observer Program • Started in 1972 • ~40,000 at sea days per year • All fishing vessels > 38.1 m • 16% random selection of fishing boats > 12.2 and < 38.1m • Report every day or at each delivery
34
![Page 35: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Monitoring fishery catch
• Fishing Logbooks • All vessels fishing groundfish
• Landings and Production Reports
• Every landing • All products
35
![Page 36: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Monitoring fishery catch •Vessel Monitoring System (VMS)
• Position, bearing, and speed by satellite • All fishing boats > 12.2 m • One position every 30 minutes
36
![Page 37: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Aleutian Islands demersal ichthyofauna
37
![Page 38: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• Shelf narrows
• Porous boundary
• Deeper passes
• Strong tidal flows
Aleutian North Slope Current
Unimak Pass Akutan Pass
Umnak Pass
Amukta Pass Seguam Pass Amlia Pass
Atka Pass Tanaga Pass
Amchitka Pass
Buldir Pass
Adak Pass
Near Strait
Samalga Pass
Attu Is.
Aleutian Islands Oceanography
![Page 39: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
![Page 40: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
North Pacific Fishery Management Council
Research survey Abundance data
Commercial fishery Catch data
Biological data: Catch at age, size
Life history
Plan Team Review Initial ABC OFL
Advisory Panel Initial TAC
Scientific & Statistical Committee
Final ABC OFL
Final TAC specifications
Public input
Public input
Stock assessment
Ecosystem Report
Biological data: Food habits,
nontarget species
Physical data: Climate,
Habitat indices Fishery data: Effort, gear,
nontarget catch
Results
Hollowed, et al. 2011. Fisheries and Fisheries 12: 189-208.
Economic assessment
Economic and sociological data
![Page 42: Fisheries Management and the Aleutian Islands](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012413/616d8eb17a5d4f6d9651aa77/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
North Pacific Fishery Management Council
Research survey Abundance data
Commercial fishery Catch data
Biological data: Catch at age, size
Life history
Plan Team Review Initial ABC OFL
Advisory Panel Initial TAC
Scientific & Statistical Committee
Final ABC OFL
Final TAC specifications
Public input
Public input
Stock assessment
Ecosystem Report
Biological data: Food habits,
nontarget species
Physical data: Climate,
Habitat indices Fishery data: Effort, gear,
nontarget catch
Results
Hollowed, et al. 2011. Fisheries and Fisheries 12: 189-208.
Economic assessment
Economic and sociological data